热点06 大数据与数字经济-备战 中考英语热点话题解读+关键能力(题型)强化专练(通用版)

这是一份热点06 大数据与数字经济-备战 中考英语热点话题解读+关键能力(题型)强化专练(通用版)，共20页。
备战 中考英语热点话题解读+关键能力(题型)强化专练
热点06 大数据与数字经济

什么是大数据
大数据（big data），是指无法在可承受的时间范围内用常规软件工具进行捕捉、管理和处理的数据集合。 在维克托·迈尔-舍恩伯格及肯尼斯·库克耶编写的《大数据时代》 中大数据指不用随机分析法（抽样调查）这样的捷径，而采用所有数据进行分析处理。大数据的4V特点：Volume（大量）、Velocity（高速）、Variety（多样）、Value（价值）。 对于“大数据”（Big data）研究机构Gartner给出了这样的定义。“大数据”是需要新处理模式才能具有更强的决策力、洞察发现力和流程优化能力的海量、高增长率和多样化的信息资产。 根据维基百科的定义，大数据是指无法在可承受的时间范围内用常规软件工具进行捕捉、管理和处理的数据集合。 大数据技术的战略意义不在于掌握庞大的数据信息，而在于对这些含有意义的数据进行专业化处理。换言之，如果把大数据比作一种产业，那么这种产业实现盈利的关键，在于提高对数据的“加工能力”，通过“加工”实现数据的“增值”。（来源：http://gxt.nmg.gov.cn/hdjl/zsk/202104/t20210421_1414923.html）
数字经济发展方兴未艾，更多企业迈上“云端”
（中国经济网北京9月26日讯） 国家统计局26日发布的《新动能茁壮成长 新经济方兴未艾——党的十八大以来经济社会发展成就系列报告之九》显示，我国深入实施数字经济发展战略，不断完善数字基础设施，激活数据要素潜能，大力推进数字产业化和产业数字化，数字经济发展实现重大突破，为经济社会持续健康发展提供了强大动力。2020年，我国数字经济核心产业增加值占GDP的比重达7.8%，数字经济总量跃居世界第二位。信息基础设施建设全球领先，已建成全球最大5G网。2021年末，我国累计建成并开通5G基站142.5万个，占全球60%以上。数字技术与各行业加速融合，电子商务蓬勃发展，共享经济、平台经济日益壮大。《中国共享经济发展报告（2022）》显示，2021年我国共享经济交易规模约36881亿元，比上年增长约9.2%。工业数字化转型提速，工业企业生产设备数字化水平持续提升，更多企业迈上“云端”。目前，全国已培育100个以上具有行业特色和区域影响力的工业互联网平台，连接工业设备数量超过7600万台（套），平台汇聚的工业APP突破59万个。（来源：《潇湘晨报》，2022-09-26）



圾邮件 spam 　　
屏幕保护 screen saver
　　桌面 desktop
　　黑客 hacker
　　木马（一种黑客程序）Trojan Horse
　　病毒 virus
　　博客 blog
　　写博客的人 blogger
　　播客 podcast
　　点击量 click rate
　　浏览量/访问量 page view
　　漏洞 bug
　　语音视频 voice and video chat
　　网络课堂 online class
　　群聊 group chat
　　导航栏 navigation bar
　　一级页面 home page/ main page
　　二级页面 secondary page/subordinate page
　　搜索引擎 search engine
　　自动搜索 auto search
　　手动搜索 manual search
　　站点管理员 site manager
　　宽带 broad band
　　带宽 bandwidth
　　服务器 server
　　浏览器 browser
　　认证授权 certificate authority
　　域名系统 DNS -- (Domain Name System)
　　域名 domain name
　　以太网 ethernet
　　常见问题回答 FAQ(frequent asked questions)
　　防火墙 firewall
　　互联网上的激烈争论 flame war
　　局域网，本地网 LAN -- (Local Area Network)
　　邮件发送清单 maillist
　　网络礼节 netiquette
　　端口 port
　　网关 gateway
　　安全认证 security certificate
　　远程登陆 telnet
　　论坛 BBS (Bulletin Board System)/forum
　　论坛版块 board
　　版主 moderator
　　用户 user
　　管理员 administrator
　　发贴 post
　　回帖 reply
　　提交贴子 submit post
　　预览 preview
　　重置 reset
　　主题 topic/thread
　　加精 add to digest
　　置顶 stick
　　移动 move
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一、阅读理解
1
Five years is a rather short time in the long history of China. But for digital (数字的) development, a lot of changes have taken place in many aspects of our life.
Nowadays, it’s normal for people to communicate on WeChat, the most popular mobile social media platform in China. People take less cash (现金) with them because most of the stores and hotels accept WeChat Pay and Alipay.
In China, holding a mobile phone means having the world in your hands. You can shop, travel, communicate, have fun by using a mobile phone, and all of these tasks can be completed with a few finger taps. Without mobile phones, life would seem dull.
By the end of 2016, there were 695 million mobile phone users in China, an increase of 12 percent on year-on-year basis. The average mobile Internet data traffic reached 172 megabytes per month, which was far more than the global average.
At the two sessions (两会), Premier Li Keqiang pointed out that in 2017 the speed of mobile network would be increased and the cost would be reduced greatly. Mobile rates for domestic roaming (国内漫游) and long distance calls would be cancelled (取消).
Meanwhile, the TD-LTE 4G communication technology developed mainly in China has been accepted and widely used across the world.
In 2020, China’s 5G network is in service. It helps China’s mobile telecommunication overtake (反超) the international community’s.
1. People take less cash with them because ________.
A. cash isn’t useful any more
B. it’s easier to use online pay by mobile phone
C. many stores refuse cash
D. online pay is used in all stores and hotels
2. By using a mobile phone, you can do many things EXCEPT ________.
A. ordering something to eat B. chatting with friends
C. playing games D. cooking something delicious
3. According to the passage, we know that ________.
A. The cost of using mobile phones is lower
B. the speed of mobile network slowed down
C. Chinese users will make phone calls for free in the future
D. the using of mobile phones was cancelled
4. Which one is true according to the passage?
A. People can’t live without mobile phones.
B. The speed of mobile network and the cost would be increased greatly.
C. The TD—LTE 4G communication technology is only used in China.
D. China’s 5G network has already been in service.
2
Chinese athletes did a great job at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games, winning 88 medals in total. But do you know that there are many cool technologies behind their success?
Su Bingtian, the first Chinese sprinter, reached an Olympic 100m final.With the help of scientific training, he made his breakthrough.“It takes Su 47 steps to run 100 metres.Each step counts, ” Liang Dong, a member of Su’s training team, told Shenzhen Evening News. “Randy Huntington, Su’s American coach and a biomechanics （生物力学） expert in track and field, has collected a lot of data （数据） on outstanding sprinters and built a database.He put in all of Su’s data and got a near-optimal （接近最优的） model.When Su is training, the team uses high-speed cameras to record his training and compares it with the model to find out his weaknesses.”
Technology has also brought a new improvement to table tennis.On July 27, the semifinal match between China’s Sun Yingsha and Japan’s Mima ITO was in full swing（正在全力进行） at the Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium.You wouldn’t have guessed that besides players, judges and audiences, a powerful AI platform was watching the match.
Every serve, swing and movement of Mima ITO was caught by this AI cloud platform set in Tokyo.At an average speed of 100 Mbps, the data was sent to the technical team of the Zhejiang University Table Tennis Intelligent Big Data Analysis Platform, 2, 442 kilometres away from the Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium, according to The Paper.
The platform has stored the data of more than 8, 000 matches so far.The research team has been working on match simulation（模拟） since 2018.“Using big data and AI, we can correctly simulate and predict how the winning rate will change when players change certain tactics（策略）.”Professor Wu Yingcai, the main developer of the platform, told CCTV-2.
The Tokyo Olympic Games have seen not only scientific support in training, but many cutting-edge technologies in athletes’ devices （设备）.For example, the Kenya women’s volleyball team’s GPS devices fed data on each player’s strength, heart rate and so on to coaches, who used the information to prevent injury （受伤） and personalize training plans for each individual, South China Morning Post reported.
5. Who helped Su Bingtian a lot to make his breakthrough?
A. His scientific training. B. Support from his family.
C. His coach’s encouragement. D. Support from other sprinters.
6. What’s the advantage of match simulation according to Professor Wu Yingcai?
A. Players can study other players’ tactics.
B. Players can know their own weaknesses.
C. It helps players improve their winning rate.
D. It helps judges make the correct judgement.
7. The GPS devices can help coaches ________.
A. quickly find out players’ information
B. give proper treatment for sports injuries
C. make better decisions for future training
D. follow players’ movement during the game
8. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The success of the Tokyo Olympics.
B. The advantages of using AI at the Tokyo Olympics.
C. The ways athletes prepared for the Tokyo Olympics.
D. Technologies that helped athletes at the Tokyo Olympics.
9. The passage is most likely to ________.
A. be an advertisement
B. appear in a technology newspaper
C. be a poster for the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games
D. appear in the guide book for sportsmen
3
When you look up at the night sky, what comes to mind? For Christine Ye, all she can think about are the mysteries of the universe(宇宙).
Thanks to her study of black holes and neutron stars(中子星), the 17-year-old at Eastlake High School in Washington, the United States, won the top award at the 2022 Regeneron Science Talent Search. It’s one of the oldest and best-known science competitions for US high school students. It focuses on creativity, following the rules of science, and a person’s potential(潜力) to become a leader in science.
Ye’s research is based on data from the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO, 激光干涉引力波天文台) . She used the data to solve one of LIGO’s hardest puzzles(谜题).
In 2019, researchers found ripples(涟漪) in space-time. The ripples were caused by the collision(碰撞) of a black hole with an unknown object that was 2.6 times as large as Earth’s sun. By analyzing(分析) the data, Ye and her co-writer, Northwestern University researcher Maya Fishbach, pointed out that the unknown object could be a fast-spinning neutron star.
They also found that a fast-spinning neutron star could be very large, but still smaller than a black hole.
Thanks to the research, Ye won first place and $250,000 (about 159,000 yuan). “I’m totally in shock,” Ye told Geek Wire after the results came out. “It feels amazing.” She also said working with scientists at Northwestern University has been a “once-in-a-lifetime experience”.
Ye plans to study astrophysics(天体物理学) in college, especially gravitational-wave(引力波) astronomy. “It’s a very young field,” she said. “It would be really nice to grow up with the field as it develops.”
10. Why did Christine Ye win the award?
A. For finding a new neutron star. B. For solving a LIGO puzzle.
C. For being the youngest astronomer. D. For finding ripples in space-time.
11. What is the “object” in Paragraph 4?
A. A ripple. B. A black hole. C. The sun. D. A neutron star.
12. How did Ye feel after winning the award?
A. She was afraid of being famous. B. She was mostly happy about the prize money.
C. She was surprised and excited. D. She didn’t care about the award.
13. Which is the best title of this article?
A. Teen Scientist Wins Big Award B. Work in a New Field
C. Ways to Study Universe D. Ripples(涟漪) in Space-time
4
Have you noticed your life becoming a little easier? Now, when you go to a certain shopping mall, you can enjoy its free Wi-Fi there. When you want to take a taxi, you can book (预定) one with your phone. In fact, all these can be seen as the basic parts of a smart city.
The idea of a smart city was brought up by US company IBM in 2010. Generally, a smart city is a city that uses digital technologies such as the Internet to improve city planning, save money and resources, and make our life convenient. How smart can a city be? Here are great examples that we can learn from.
In 2009, Dubuque became the first smart city in the US. The city used smart water meters to take the place of traditional water meters. They can detect (探测) water waste and leakage (泄漏) and send data to let the house owner know. The same system is used for other city resources like electricity and natural gas. This way, people know how they use their resources and are glad to help reduce waste.
Santander in Spain also gives us a look in the future. If people point a phone toward a nearby bus stop, the phone immediately shows all bus lines that serve the stop as well as their arrival times. The government organized a research team and provided an App (应用程序) that collects data on almost everything: light, temperature, and the movements of cars and people. Opening the App near a supermarket provides immediate information on special offers.
14. The underlined word “convenient” is the closest in meaning to ________.
A. useful B. normal C. suitable D. easy
15. Compared to traditional water meters, smart water meters do better in ________.
A. cleaning water B. supplying water C. saving water D. producing water
16. The example of Santander shows the use of smart systems in aspects (方面) EXCEPT ________.
A. business B. health care C. traffic controlling D. public transportation
17. According to the passage, which of the following is RIGHT?
A. Digital technologies are used in smart cities.
B. An English company first raised the idea of a smart city.
C. A smart city is mainly made up of free Wi-Fi and phones.
D. A smart city is still an idea and hasn’t come into being.
18. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. Digital technologies help improve city planning.
B. Smart cities will make our future life better and smarter.
C. Smart cities are very common in both Dubuque and Santander.
D. Spain and the US take the leading position in building smart cities.
5
Facial-recognition cameras are everywhere-even in your smart phone. Many people use this technology to unlock their phones, open doors, or make quick payments. But there is a problem during the epidemic (疫情): everyone wears masks. What a headache!
Scientists are trying to solve this problem. For example, Engineering and Technology (E&T) magazine reports that Hanwang, a tech company in Beijing, has made a new system. It can recognize (辨认) 95% of people when they wear masks.
What’s the secret? It’s all about your eyes. Marios Savvides from Camegie Mellon University studies facial-recognition. As we get older, he says, our faces change shape. But the area around our eyes doesn’t. It stays the same—even if we put on weight. As long as there are enough data from the area of our eyes, the cameras can recognize us.
Tech5 is another facial-recognition company. The Swiss company’s products scan (扫描) the shape of your face. They also scan your iris, which is the colored part of your eyes. Tech5 hopes to ignore (忽略) all of the face below the nose.
This kind of software is more important than just unlocking your phone. “It can discover criminals, even when they wear masks,” said Huang Lei from Hanwang. Hanwang’s technology is used by Chinese police in places like subway stations and airports. Similar technology is used by the United States Air Force.
Huang pointed out one big weakness: it fails when people wear both a mask and sunglasses. “In this situation, all of the key facial information is lost,” Lei said to E&T.
根据材料内容，选择最佳答案。
19. At present, what can facial-recognition technology be used for?
A. Taking photos. B. Shutting doors. C. Paying for things. D. Locking smart phones.
20. Which of the following is a picture of a mask?
A. B. C. D.
21. What is the problem with this technology during the epidemic?
A. It doesn’t work when people wear masks. B. It causes trouble to people’s faces.
C. It brings people headaches all the time. D. It gives personal information to the bad.
22. Why are eyes the key to solving recognition problems?
A. Because eyes never get old.
B. Because eyes have bright colors.
C. Because the area around our eyes doesn’t change.
D. Because eyes can store the people’s key information.
23. What’s the best title for the text?
A. It is all about eyes. B. It is a safe way.
C. Facial information is important. D. Facial-recognition is a risk.
6
California’s Silicon Valley shapes our lives. Until recently, that is. The rise of TikTok has hit the heart of Silicon Valley’s supremacy(最高地位). Along with other digital products coming out of China, TikTok has the possibility to reshape the future of technology.
It’s hard to overstate just how much of a switch(转变) this is. And Chinese apps, platforms and services currently look quite different from those in the West.
Already, the way Chinese-launched apps interact with users, and the services they offer within the apps, are influencing Western platforms.
In China, people do a lot of ecommerce(电子商务) and business through their apps. From shopping online to hailing taxis, socializing with friends and meeting up with strangers, everything you can do within one app. Western companies are taking note. Platforms like Facebook have begun to bring various features and services under a single umbrella.
Another way in which Chinese social media platforms are influencing Western ones is in how they present and filter(过滤) information. Facebook and Twitter recommend posts based on what your friends are posting and sharing on your news feed. TikTok and other Chinese apps like it try to learn as much as it can about you, and then direct content to you they think you’ll like.
Under the Chinese model of algorithmic(算法的) exploration and recommendation, users are less beholden(有责任的) to the personal content creators they follow. On YouTube, big personalities have become celebrities because of their ability to build a loyal fanbase(粉丝园). But on TikTok, anyone can become a star overnight because of a single video that proves popular with the app’s algorithm. That fame can disappear almost as quickly when the next big video is surfaced through the app’s code.
Given how popular that strategy has been, it could signal a broader change among other social media platforms, as well. If Chinese companies continue to play an increasing influential role in tech, our online world could look very different by, say, 2030.
24. The passage most probably appears in ________.
A. a travel guide B. a science magazine
C. a research report D. a product instruction
25. What is the FIRST paragraph used for?
A. To introduce the history of California’s Silicon Valley.
B. To express the importance of Chinese digital products.
C. To show the development of California’s Silicon Valley.
D. To describe the disadvantages of Chinese digital products.
26. What’s the main reason for TikTok to be better than Western digital products?
A. The big market in China. B. Its loyal userbases.
C. The advanced algorithmic. D. Its different functions.
27. Which may NOT be the possible future of technology?
A. Platform would make celebrities have more loyal fans.
B. Different services would be provided in one digital product.
C. People have a larger possibility of being famous on those platforms.
D. The algorithmic of TikTok would be widely applied to filter information.
7
50 years ago, students could look up information in a textbook and believe it to be true. People still had their own opinions and biases（偏见）, but they couldn’t so easily be well known to the public, nor spread so widely. In today’s world, anybody can post anything online. So when students have a question, a quick Internet search will provide them with millions of different answers. And also information is being produced and spread faster than ever. But do students really understand anything they see online? Do they know how to tell what’s true and what isn’t what’s the fact and what’s the opinion? Do they know how to create their own online things? If they can do these things, then they are “digitally literate（有数字素养的）”.
Teaching students “digital literacy” skills is as important as the traditional skills of literacy（文学）—reading and writing. In 2017, the theme（主题）for International Literacy Day, which fell on Sept. 8, was “Literacy in a digital world”. In 2022, the theme was “Narrowing the digital divide（缩小数字鸿沟）”, which also showed the importance of digital skills.
Why are these skills important? Reading and writing teach people how to watch the world. Learning digital skills does the same thing. These skills can help people stay comfortable and free on the Internet, which is important in the information age.
Education is the key to this, but only a few schools teach students how to spot whether information is biased. Schools have a large responsibility in this matter. Teachers can tell students some ways to make sure what they read is true, such as checking where the information comes from and who writes it. While parents can also play a role in helping their children not to believe everything they read online.
28. What did students use to do when they had a question?
A. Look up a textbook. B. Search the Internet.
C. Post something online. D. Create their own things.
29. What can digital skills teach people?
A. How to read and write. B. How to watch the world.
C. How to create information. D. How to stay comfortable and free.
30. What does the underlined word “spot” mean?
A. Learn. B. Point. C. Separate. D. Find.
31. How does the writer develop the theme of the passage?
A. By listing his ideas. B. By telling stories.
C. By comparing information. D. By providing answers.
32. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. The Key to Education B. The Traditional Skills of Literacy
C. The Importance of Digital Literacy D. The Development of Digital Literacy
二、完形填空
1
Are you hungry? Open an app, place your ___33___ and wait for your food to be delivered（送）to your home — this is ___34___ many people eat in China these days. According to the latest data,421 million Chinese people use online food delivery services. That's equal to half the total number of Internet users in China.
Which group of people is ordering food online the ___35___ ? Unsurprising, it's mainly ___36___ people. A recent report showed that 86.3 percent of the service's users are between 20 and 34 years old. ___37___ families depend greatly on food delivery services. According to the National Bureau of Statistics(国家统计局), Chinese families have changed in ___38___ over the past ten years. In 2002, only 7.7 percent of families were single-person households. But this number increased to 15.6 percent in 2017. The percentage of two-person families rose from 18.4 in 2002 to 27.2 in 2017. For these families, cooking relatively(相对) takes more time and resources. ___39___ ordering food online has become more popular.
The improvement of China's food delivery services has also attracted more customers. According to Meituan's report, the average time takes to make a food delivery ___40___ from 38 minutes in 2016 to 29 minutes in 2019. Many delivery platforms are also offering more services, delivering meals with fruit, soup, medicine or even ___41___ . As its services continue to ___42___ ,it's likely that the food delivery industry will keep growing.
33. A. food B. order C. menu D. message
34. A. why B. what C. which D. how
35. A. least B. fewest C. most D. largest
36. A. old B. young C. poor D. rich
37. A. Small B. Big C. Traditional D. Modern
38. A. shape B. kind C. age D. size
39. A. And B. But C. So D. Because
40. A. rose B. dropped C. increased D. turned
41. A. rice B. noodle C. drinks D. flowers
42. A. improve B. correct C. mend D. develop
2
根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
Imagine — you are running to catch a train, only to find that you forgot your ID card! You cannot get on the train ____43____ it. Don’t worry. In the near future, you will just need a digital (数字的) ID on your smartphone.
Recently, Chinese government say they will introduce a digital version (版本) of the national ID cards this year. One of its purposes is to better meet the basic living ____44____ of more than 100 million people who live away from their hometowns.
These people have to go to school or work at different places. Sometimes in order to prove (证明) that “I am ____45____ I am”, they have to run back home to get their ID information. It ____46____ time, money and manpower. But Digital ID cards can allow people to get their personal information through a ____47____ scan (扫描) with a smartphone. This way, ____48____ will be done in just several seconds and people can get a lot of convenience (便利).
Meanwhile, the government will think about people who do not use smartphones, especially old people. They are trying to come up with some ways to help them. Also, people’s personal information will be protected ____49____ they don’t need to worry that others get their personal information.
In fact, China started the early try of digital IDs in 2018. It allowed people ____50____ Quzhou, Hangzhou and Fuzhou to get them on Alipay. Digital IDs could be ____51____ used to open bank accounts, check into hotels and buy high-speed railway tickets and so on.
China’s first ID card _____52_____ in 1984. The present ID card is the second-generation version. With the development of science, we believe more and more new technologies will appear in life.
43. A. with B. without C. by D. through
44. A. needs B. habits C. skills D. hobbies
45. A. how B. where C. what D. who
46. A. saves B. changes C. wastes D. gives
47. A. simple B. easy C. useful D. difficult
48. A. everybody B. nobody C. everything D. nothing
49. A. because B. so C. although D. but
50. A. to B. on C. for D. in
51. A. hardly B. carefully C. widely D. clearly
52. A. came out B. gave out C. looked out D. put out
三、短文首字母填空
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
How do we know the time? A clock, a watch or a cell phone can help us. However, many years ago there were no clocks and knowing the time was not so easy. Over the centuries, people have developed different w____53____ of telling the time.
About 5,500 years ago, the Egyptians i____54____ the sun clock. This was a tall stone structure. Its shadow（影子）showed the movement of the s____55____. They were able to determine（测定）midday.
About 3, 500 years ago, the Egyptians made a sundial. It was smaller than the sun clock and could measure（测量）the time for half a day. On c____56____ days or at night it was impossible to tell the time with a sun clock or a sundial.
Water clocks were the f____57____ clocks not to use the sun. The idea is simple. Water flows（流动）from one container （容器）to a____58____. When the water reaches a certain level, it moves a lever（控制杆）and this shows the hours. These Egyptians used water clocks about 3, 400 years ago. These clocks were popular in the Middle East and China but they f____59____ to keep accurate（精确的）time.
In the 13th century, the mechanical clock was invented. This was more accurate, b____60____ it was expensive to make. Over the next few centuries it was developed. For example, springs（发条）were added around 1500. This i____61____ accuracy and allowed clocks to be smaller.
In 1927, the first quartz clock was developed. Clocks became cheaper to build and own. People began depending on them more and more to run businesses, markets and so on.
More recently, in 1956, came the digital clock. And nowadays satellites （人造卫星）send our cell phones the time to the exact second. There has been a lot of progress in timekeeping but some things never c_______62_______. Many of us still have trouble getting out of bed on time and not missing appointment.

四、书面表达
63.现在科学技术日新月异，各种发明以及高科技产品成为了我们生活中不可缺少的东西，如电脑、笔记本电脑（laptop）、手机（mobile phone）、MP4、数码相机（digital camera）、iPad等。请以“My Favourite Invention”为题描述你最喜欢的一种发明，并说明理由（理由至少有两个方面）。
词数在80词左右。
My Favourite Invention
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案
一、阅读理解
1
【答案】1. B    2. D    3. A    4. D
【解析】本文介绍了中国数字化的发展，数字化给中国人民的生活带来非常大的便利，中国也在促进5G通信技术的发展。
1. 细节理解题。根据“People take less cash (现金) with them because most of the stores and hotels accept WeChat Pay and Alipay.”可知，由于大多数商店和酒店接受微信支付和支付宝支付，所以人们随身携带的现金较少了。由此说明用手机在线支付更方便。故选B。
2. 推理判断题。根据“You can shop, travel, communicate, have fun by using a mobile phone, and all of these tasks can be completed with a few finger taps.”可知， 你可以利用手机购物，旅行，交流，娱乐，所有的活动只需用手指点击几下。文中没有提到利用手机能做饭。故选D。
3. 细节理解题。根据“Mobile rates for domestic roaming (国内漫游) and long distance calls would be cancelled”可知，使用手机的成本更低了。故选A。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In 2020, China’s 5G network is in service. It helps China’s mobile telecommunication overtake (反超) the international community’s”可推知，选项D“中国的5G网络已经投入使用。”正确。故选D。
2
【答案】5. A    6. C    7. C    8. D    9. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了帮助东京奥运会运动员的几种技术。
5. 细节理解题。根据“With the help of scientific training, he made his breakthrough.”可知，在科学训练的帮助下，他取得了突破。故选A。
6. 细节理解题。根据“Using big data and AI, we can correctly simulate and predict how the winning rate will change when players change certain tactics (策略)”可知，利用大数据和人工智能，我们可以正确地模拟和预测当玩家改变某些战术时，胜率会如何变化。所以吴教授认为比赛模拟的优势是它有助于提高他们的获胜率，故选C。
7. 细节理解题。根据“For example, the Kenya women’s volleyball team’s GPS devices fed data on each player’s strength, heart rate and so on to coaches, who used the information to prevent injury (受伤) and personalize training plans for each individual”可知，肯尼亚女子排球队的GPS设备将每个运动员的力量、心率等数据提供给教练，教练使用这些信息来防止受伤，并为每个人制定个性化的训练计划。所以GPS设备可以帮助教练为将来的培训做出更好的决定，故选C。
8. 主旨大意题。根据文章提到的短跑运动员的数据库、AI监控平台、云平台、比赛模拟等，可知本文主要介绍了帮助东京奥运会运动员的几种技术。故选D。
9. 推理判断题。本文主要介绍了帮助东京奥运会运动员的几种技术，与科技有关，所以最可能出现在科技报纸上。故选B。
3
【答案】10. B    11. D    12. C    13. A
【解析】本文讲述了高中生Christine Ye对宇宙奥秘的探索以及取得的奖项。
10. 细节理解题。根据“She used the data to solve one of LIGO’s hardest puzzles.”可知，Christine Ye获奖的原因，是因为用这些数据解决了LIGO最难的难题之一。故选B。
11. 词句猜测题。根据“The ripples were caused by the collision of a black hole with an unknown object that was 2.6 times as large as Earth’s sun.”和“pointed out that the unknown object could be a fast-spinning neutron star.”可知，这个未知物体可能是一颗快速旋转的中子星。所以划线词“object”意为“a neutron star”。故选D。
12. 推理判断题。根据“I’m totally in shock,”以及“It feels amazing.”可推知，赢得奖项后她既惊讶又兴奋。故选C。
13. 最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了高中生Christine Ye对宇宙奥秘的探索以及取得的奖项。选项A“青少年科学家获得大奖”最适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。
4
【答案】14. D    15. C    16. B    17. A    18. B
【解析】本文介绍了智慧城市的特点、发展史等等，告诉我们智慧城市将会让我们未来的生活更美好。
14. 词句猜测题。根据“Generally, a smart city is a city that uses digital technologies such as the Internet to improve city planning, save money and resources, and make our life convenient.”可知，一般来说，智慧城市是指利用互联网等数字技术改善城市规划，节约资金和资源，方便我们生活的城市。此处convenient的意思是“方便的”，与easy语意相近。故选D。
15. 细节理解题。根据“They can detect (探测) water waste and leakage（泄漏）and send data to let the house owner know.”可知，它们可以检测水的浪费和泄漏，所以与传统水表相比，智能水表在节水方面做得更好。故选C。
16. 细节理解题。根据“If people point a phone toward a nearby bus stop, the phone immediately shows all bus lines that serve the stop as well as their arrival times...Opening the App near a supermarket provides immediate information on special offers.”可知，桑坦德银行的例子展示了智能系统在商业、交通控制和公共交通方面的应用。故选B。
17. 细节理解题。根据“Generally, a smart city is a city that uses digital technologies”可知，智慧城市是指使用数字技术的城市，故选A。
18. 主旨大意题。本文介绍了智慧城市的特点、发展史等等，告诉我们智慧城市将会让我们未来的生活更美好。故选B。
5
【答案】19. C    20. C    21. A    22. C    23. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了疫情期间，面部识别系统的创新，能够通过眼睛来识别不同的人。
19. 细节理解题。根据文中“Many people use this technology to unlock their phones, open doors, or make quick payments.”可知，目前，人脸识别技术可以用于买东西付款。故选C。
20. 词句猜测题。根据前句“But there is a problem during the epidemic (疫情)”可猜测出，后句应是：每个人都戴着口罩，故下划线单词“masks”的意思应是“口罩”，结合图画可知，应是C项。故选C。
21. 推理判断题。根据文中“But there is a problem during the epidemic (疫情): everyone wears masks. What a headache!”可推理出，在疫情期间，当人们戴口罩时，这项技术不起作用了。故选A。
22. 细节理解题。根据文中“As we get older, he says, our faces change shape. But the area around our eyes doesn’t. It stays the same—even if we put on weight. As long as there are enough data from the area of our eyes, the cameras can recognize us.”可知，眼睛是解决识别问题的关键是因为我们眼睛周围的区域不会改变。故选C。
23. 最佳标题。通读全文可知，短文主要介绍了疫情期间，面部识别系统的创新，能够通过眼睛来识别不同的人。故文章的最佳标题应是“关于眼睛的面部识别软件”。故选A。
6
【答案】24. B    25. B    26. C    27. A
【解析】本文主要介绍了中国在科技领域及应用程序中提供的服务已经开始影响西方平台。
24. 推理判断题。根据“Along with other digital products coming out of China, TikTok has the possibility to reshape the future of technology.”（随着中国其他数字产品的出现，抖音有可能重塑科技的未来。）及全文可知，文章介绍中国在科技领域及应用程序中提供的服务已经开始影响西方平台，属于科技方面的内容，结合选项，文章最可能出现在科学杂志上。故选B。
25. 推理判断题。根据“The rise of TikTok has hit the heart of Silicon Valley’s supremacy(最高地位). Along with other digital products coming out of China, TikTok has the possibility to reshape the future of technology.”（抖音的崛起击中了硅谷霸权的心脏。随着中国其他数字产品的出现，抖音有可能重塑科技的未来。）可知，第一段是用来表达中国数码产品的重要性。故选B。
26. 细节理解题。根据“But on TikTok, anyone can become a star overnight because of a single video that proves popular with the app’s algorithm.”（但在抖音，任何人都可以因为一个视频在一夜之间成为明星，这个视频被证明受该应用程序算法的欢迎。）可知，是它的先进算法使它优于西方的数字产品。故选C。
27. 推理判断题。根据“That fame can disappear almost as quickly when the next big video is surfaced through the app’s code.”（当下一个大视频通过应用程序的代码出现时，这种名声可能很快就会消失。）可知，A项“平台会让名人拥有更多忠实的粉丝。”表述错误。故选A。
7
【答案】28. B    29. D    30. D    31. D    32. C
【解析】本文讲述数字素养的重要性以及培养数字技能的方法。
28. 细节理解题。根据第一段“when students have a question, a quick Internet search will provide them with millions of different answers”可知，当学生有问题的时候，会在网上搜索。故选B。
29. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Why are these skills important? Reading and writing teach people how to watch the world. Learning digital skills does the same thing. These skills can help people stay comfortable and free on the Internet, which is important in the information age”可知，数字技能能教人们在网络上保持舒适和自由。故选D。
30. 词义猜测题。根据“whether information is biased”及“Teachers can tell students some ways to make sure what they read is true, such as checking where the information comes from and who writes it”可知，句子表达学校老师教学生弄清楚信息是否有偏见。“spot”相当于“find”。故选D。
31. 推理判断题。根据“Do they know how to create their own online things”及“Why are these skills important”文章的主题“数字素养”主要是通过提供问题的答案来展开的。故选D。
32. 标题概括题。文章主要讲述的是数字素养的重要性以及培养数字技能的方法，可概括为“The Importance of Digital Literacy”。故选C。
二、完形填空
1
【答案】
33. B    34. D    35. C    36. B    37. A    38. D    39. C    40. B    41. D    42. A
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文中主要介绍了中国的食物配送行业的发展情况。
33. 句意：打开一个应用程序，下订单，等待你的食物送到你的家——这是现今中国人是如何吃饭的方式。
food食物；order订单；menu菜单；message消息。根据“ Open an app, place your...and wait for your food to be delivered（送）to your home”结合句意和常识可知，此处表示在应用程序上点餐，此处表示下单。故选B。
34. 句意：打开一个应用程序，下订单，等待你的食物送到你的家——这是现今中国人是如何吃饭的方式。
why为何；what什么；which哪一个；how如何。根据“Open an app, place your...and wait for your food to be delivered（送）to your home”可知，此处是在解释中国人现在吃饭的方式。故选D。
35. 句意：哪一群体在网上订餐最多？
least最少，修饰不可数名词；fewest最少的，修饰可数名词；most最多的；largest最大的。根据“Which group of people is ordering food online the”和“A recent report showed that 86.3 percent of the service's users...”结合语境可知，此处表示网上订餐哪一群体最多。故选C。
36. 句意：不足为奇，主要是年轻人。
old年老的；young年轻的；poor贫穷的；rich富有的。根据“A recent report showed that 86.3 percent of the service's users are between 20 and 34 years old.”可知，20到34岁时属于年轻人。故选B。
37. 句意：小家庭很大程度上依赖食品配送服务。
Small小的；Big大的；Traditional传统的；Modern现代的。根据“In 2002, only 7.7 percent of families were... this number increased to 15.6 percent in 2017. The percentage of two-person families rose from 18.4 in 2002 to 27.2 in 2017. For these families, cooking relatively(相对) takes more time and resources.”可知，对于1-2人的这些家庭来说，烹饪相对需要更多时间和资源，由此推断，此处指的是小家庭更大地依赖食品配送服务。故选A。
38. 句意：根据国家统计局的数据，在过去十年中国家庭的规模发生了变化。
shape形状；kind种类；age年龄；size大小；规模。根据“In 2002, only 7.7 percent of families were single-person households. But this number increased to 15.6 percent in 2017. The percentage of two-person families rose from 18.4 in 2002 to 27.2 in 2017. ”可知，在过去10年里，单身家庭从2002年的7.7%增加到2017年的15.6%，两人家庭比例从2002年的18.4%上升到2017年的27.2%，中国家庭的规模发生了变化。故选D。
39. 句意：所以网上订餐变得越来越流行。
And和；But但是；So因此；Because因为。根据语境可知，空前“cooking relatively(相对) takes more time and resources.”是空后“ordering food online has become more popular”的原因，两者是因果关系。故选C。
40. 句意：根据美团的报告，送餐的平均时间从2016年38分钟降低到2019年29分钟。
rose升起；dropped降低；increased增加；turned转动。根据“from 38 minutes in 2016 to 29 minutes in 2019. ”可知，从38分钟到29分钟，时间是下降的。故选B。
41. 句意：许多送货平台也提供了更多的服务，包括水果、汤、药甚至还有花。
rice大米；noodle面条；drinks饮料；flowers花。根据“delivering meals with fruit, soup, medicine ”以及上文提到的送餐服务可知，A、B、C本就在送餐的范围之内，even表示更进一步地说明，故选D。
42. 句意：随着服务的不断改善，食品配送行业很可能会继续增长。
improve改善；correct批改；mend修理；develop发展。根据“it's likely that the food delivery industry will keep growing.”可知，服务的改善，会促进食品配送行业的增长。故选A。
2
【答案】
43. B    44. A    45. D    46. C    47. A    48. C    49. B    50. D    51. C    52. A
【解析】本文主要讲述了中国的数字身份证，它的优点以及使用时的注意事项。
43. 句意：没有它你就不能上火车。
with和；without没有；by通过；through通过。根据“You cannot get on the train”可知没有身份证就不能上火车。故选B。
44. 句意：其宗旨之一是更好地满足1亿多异乡人的基本生活需求。
needs需要；habits习惯；skills技能；hobbies爱好。根据“One of its purposes is to better meet the basic living”可知是满足人的基本需求。故选A。
45. 句意：我就是我。
how如何；where哪里；what什么；who谁。句子是表语从句，从句中却表语，根据“I am...I am”可知此处用who引导表语从句。故选D。
46. 句意：它浪费时间、金钱和人力。
saves拯救；changes改变；wastes浪费；gives给。根据“they have to run back home to get their ID information”可知他们要回家去拿身份证，这很浪费时间和金钱。故选C。
47. 句意：但是数字身份证可以让人们通过智能手机的简单扫描来获取他们的个人信息。
simple简单的；easy容易的；useful有用的；difficult困难的。根据“But Digital ID cards can allow people to get their personal information through a...scan”可知有了数字身份证，只需要简单扫描一下就可以了。故选A。
48. 句意：这样，一切都将在几秒钟内完成，人们可以获得很多便利。
everybody每个人；nobody没有人；everything每件事；nothing没有事。根据“will be done in just several seconds”可知只需简单扫描一下数字身份证，所以每件事都可以在几秒钟内完成。故选C。
49. 句意：此外，人们的个人信息将受到保护，因此他们不必担心其他人会获得他们的个人信息。
because因为；so所以；although虽然；but但是。根据“people’s personal information will be protected...they don’t need to worry that others get their personal information”可知前后两句是因果关系，前因后果，用so连接。故选B。
50. 句意：它允许衢州、杭州和福州的人们使用支付宝。
to到；on在……上；for为了；in在……里。根据“Quzhou, Hangzhou and Fuzhou”可知地点前加介词in。故选D。
51. 句意：数字身份证可广泛用于开设银行账户、入住酒店、购买高铁票等。
hardly几乎不；carefully认真地；widely广泛地；clearly清晰地。根据“used to open bank accounts, check into hotels and buy high-speed railway tickets and so on”可知数字身份证会被广泛应用。故选C。
52. 句意：1984年，中国第一张身份证问世。
came out出版；gave out散发；looked out小心；put out扑灭。根据“China’s first ID card”可知是中国第一张身份证出版。故选A。
三、短文首字母填空
【答案】
53. (w)ays    54. (i)nvented    55. (s)un    56. (c)loudy    57. (f)irst    58. (a)nother    59. (f)ailed    60. (b)ut    61. (i)mproved    62. (c)hange
【解析】本文讲述计时工具的发展历史，从原始计时到机械计时再到数码计时。
53. 句意：几个世纪以来，人们发明改良了不同的计时工具。根据“A clock, a watch or a cell phone”，可知表达计量时间的“方法、手段”，根据形容词“different”，可知讲述不止一种方法，用复数名词作宾语。根据首字母提示，可知用复数名词“ways”。故填(w)ays。
54. 句意：大约五千五百年前，埃及人发明了太阳计时。根据前文“many years ago there were no clocks”及“people have developed”可知讲述古人发明的计时方法。句子缺谓语动词，根据时间状语“about 5500 years ago”可知句子是一般过去时。根据首字母提示，可知用动词过去式“invented”。故填(i)nvented。
55. 句意：影子记录的肯定是太阳的运动。定冠词“the”后面用名词。根据“the sun clock”可知埃及人发明的是计时工具，它的影子记录的是太阳的运动。根据首字母提示，可知用名词“sun”。故填(s)un。
56. 句意：在没有太阳的阴天和晚上用太阳计时或日晷来判断时间是不可能的。名词days用形容词修饰。根据前文讲述埃及人发明的太阳计时或日晷都是通过记录太阳的运动轨迹来计时的，所以在没有太阳的阴天和晚上就用不了了。根据首字母提示，可知用形容词“cloudy”作定语。故填(c)loudy。
57. 句意：水计时是第一种不用太阳的计时工具。前文讲述计时工具都是基于太阳的运动，缺点是没有太阳的日子和时间里就用不了。可知此段“water clocks”是第一种不用太阳而用水来计时的。表达“首次”用序数词first。故填(f)irst。
58. 句意：水从一个容器流到另一个容器。根据“from one container to”可知表达从一个到另一个。根据首字母提示，可知用不定代词“another”。故填(a)nother。
59. 句意：这些水计时工具在中东和中国很受欢迎，但是它们不能保证计时准确。根据转折词but可知后面讲述缺点。根据下一段“This was more accurate”讲述机械钟更加准确。可知此处讲述水钟的缺点应该是不太准确。用短语“fail to do”表达“不能做什么”。句子是一般过去时，用动词过去式“failed”。故填(f)ailed。
60. 句意：机械钟的优点是更加准确，但是造价高。根据“more accurate”及“was expensive to make”可知前后出现了语义转折。根据首字母提示，可知用连词“but”。故填(b)ut。
61. 句意：这个提升了精确性，使钟更小巧。根据前文“Over the next few centuries it was developed接下来的几个世纪，它被改良了”，可知句子表达提升精确性。句子是一般过去时，根据首字母提示，可知用动词过去式“improved”。故填(i)mproved。
62. 句意：在计时上已经有了很多的进步，但是一些东西肯定是从来没改变。根据 “There has been a lot of progress”及“but”可知后面应该出现语义转折，表达一些东西变了但一些东西肯定是从来没“改变”。根据“nowadays”可知最后一段的时间已转到了现在，句子是一般现在时。主语“some things”是复数概念。根据首字母提示，可知用动词“change”。故填(c)hange。
四、书面表达
【答案】
My Favourite Invention