初中英语中考复习 16晨读暮省(12)-2021年中考英语考纲核心词汇50天通关之拓展读练测
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这是一份初中英语中考复习 16晨读暮省(12)-2021年中考英语考纲核心词汇50天通关之拓展读练测,共15页。试卷主要包含了 pst, practice, present, prevent, primary, prisn, private, prize等内容,欢迎下载使用。
(一)词汇晨读入心
1. pst
v.邮寄,寄出;n.邮递;邮件
动词用法:pst sb. sth.=pst sth. (ff) t sb.给某人邮件某物:
Did yu remember t pst the card t my parents? 你记得给我父母寄那张卡片了吗?
名词用法:
eq \\ac(○,1)表示“邮政,邮递”,指邮政系统;pst ffice邮局;by pst通过邮寄方式。例如:
The winners will be ntified by pst. 将以邮件形式通知获奖者。
eq \\ac(○,2)表示“邮件”,为不可数名词:
Was there any pst fr me tday? 今天有我的邮件吗?
词性转换:pstal adj.邮政的,邮局的;pster n.海报;pstage n.邮资,邮费
关联单词:pstcard n.明信片;pstman n.邮递员
(2019,安徽卷,阅读A)In Vanuatu, yu'll find the wrld's nly underwater pst ffice in the capital, Prt Villa.
2. practice
n.练习
用法:
eq \\ac(○,1)表示“实践;实际行动”,只作不可数名词,与“理论”相对。常用put sth. int practice结构。例如:
She's decided t put her new ideas int practice. 她决心要把自己的新想法付诸实践。
eq \\ac(○,2)表示“训练,练习”,目的是提高技巧。例如:
She des an hur's pian practice every day. 她每天练一小时钢琴。
词性转换:practise v.练习,实践:practise为英式拼写,在美式拼写中,动词形式也是practice;动词practise可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词,常见搭配有practise (fr) sth.,practise ding sth.等。例如:
Tday we’re ging t practise parking. 今天我们要练习停车。
(2019,浙江卷,词汇运用)
43. Yu'll frget the dancing skills easily ______________ (除非) yu practice them ften
3. prepare
v.准备,预备;调制,配制
用法:
eq \\ac(○,1)表示“准备,制备”,对象为食物、物品、文件或节目等,为及物动词。例如:
When we gt hme, Mm was busy preparing dinner. 我们到家时妈妈正忙着准备晚餐。
eq \\ac(○,2)表示“(为……)做准备,筹备”,指制定计划或作出安排;后面可接fr sth.或t d sth.结构。例如:
Her parents were preparing fr the hliday. 她的父母正在为度假做准备。
Her parents were preparing t g n hliday. 她的父母正在准备度假。
词性转换:preparatin n. 准备,预备;调制,配制;prepared adj.有准备的;准备好的:常用be prepared fr sth./t d sth.结构。例如:
Yu have t be prepared t take risks in this kind f wrk. 做这种工作你必须准备好承担风险。
(2019,山东卷,完形)
Yu can ____13____ prepare sme small gifts fr the spuse (配偶) r kids f the hst.
13. A. tB. alsC. either
4. present
n.礼物;现在;adj.在场的,出席的
名词用法:
eq \\ac(○,1)表示“礼物,赠品”,birthday/Christmas/wedding presents 生日/圣诞节/结婚礼物;其后常接fr sb.:
I’m lking fr a present fr Mark. 我在找一份礼物送给马克。
eq \\ac(○,2)表示“现在,目前”,常用短语为at present现在,目前。例如:
The future is all I have at present.
形容词用法:
eq \\ac(○,1)表示“出席的,到场的”,常接介词at/in:
There were 200 peple present at the meeting. 有200人出席会议。
eq \\ac(○,2)表示“现在的,当前的”:
We d nt have any mre infrmatin at the present time. 目前我们没有进一步的消息。
词性转换:presence n.出席,参加
同义词:gift n.礼物
反义词:absent adj.缺席的,不在的
(2019,山东卷,完形)
Written Chinese has als becme an imprtant methd t c 74 China’s present with its past.
5. prevent
v.阻止,防止,预防
用法:prevent为及物动词,常用结构为prevent sb./sth. (frm ding sth.):
The accident culd have been prevented. 这次事故本来是可以防止的。
Nthing wuld prevent him frm speaking ut his idea. 没有什么能阻止他说出自己的意见。
词性转换:preventin n.预防,阻止,妨碍;preventive adj.预防的,防止的
(2019,北京卷,阅读D)
31 The ease f accessing infrmatin frm the Internet ·.
A. frees us frm making effrts t learn new skills
B. prevents civilizatins frm being lst at a high speed
C. misleads us int thinking we already knew the knwledge
D. separates the facts we have frm thse in the smart machines
6. primary
adj.初等的,初级的;首要的,主要的
关联词组:primary schl小学;primary educatin初等教育;primary gal首要目标
用法:
eq \\ac(○,1)表示“小学教育的,初级的”。例如:a primary teacher一名小学老师
eq \\ac(○,2)表示“首要的,主要的”,相当于main或mst imprtant;多用于名词前:
Persnal safety is f primary imprtance. 人身安全至关重要。
词性转换:primarily adv.首先;主要地,根本上
(2019,江苏卷,单项填空)
4. Last mnth the students in Changjiang Rad Primary Schl held the “Ten Years f Grwth Ceremny” t celebrate 10th birthday tgether.
A. they B. their C. them D. theirs
7. prisn
n.监狱,看守所
用法:常用搭配有in prisn、send sb. t prisn、put sb. in(t) prisn等。例如:
He was sent t prisn fr five years. 他被关押了五年。
They’ll prbably put him in prisn fr a lng time. 他们很可能会让他在监狱里待很长时间。
关联单词:prisner n.囚犯;imprisn v.监禁;禁锢
(2019,湖北卷,句子填空)
75. The thieves _______ (偷) many things frm the supermarket and were put int prisn.
8. private
adj.私人的;私有的
关联词组:in private私下地;秘密地;private life私生活;private schl私立学校;private car私人汽车
用法:
eq \\ac(○,1)表示“私有的,私用的,个人的”,通常置于名词前面。例如:
The htel has 110 bedrms, all with private bathrms. 这家旅馆有110间客房,各有独立卫生间。
eq \\ac(○,2)表示“私下的,秘密的”,例如:
I need t have a private discussin with yu. 我得和你私下讨论。
eq \\ac(○,3)表示“私立的,私营的”,与public相对。例如:
private banks/cmpanies/schls 私营银行/公司;私立学校
词性转换:privately adv.私下地;秘密地
(2019,安徽卷,完形)
They suggest trying _____35_____ things and practicing cnversatin.
35. A. newB. privateC. awfulD. heavy
9. prize
n.奖赏,奖品
关联词组:first prize一等奖;prize winner得奖者;the Nbel Prize诺贝尔奖
用法:常搭配的介词为fr,动词有award(授予),win等。例如:
He received a prize fr excellence in mathematics.他因数学成绩优秀而获了奖。
She was awarded the Nbel Peace prize. 她获颁诺贝尔和平奖。
(2019,浙江卷,阅读C)Ryle and Hewish develped radi telescpe systems fr the lcatin f weak radi surces, and they shared the Nbel Prize fr Physics in 1974.
10. prduce
v.生产,制造;产生,引起,造成
用法:
eq \\ac(○,1)表示“生产,制造;创作”,相当于make。例如:
a factry that prduces tys玩具制造厂
eq \\ac(○,2)表示“引起,造成,产生”,相当于cause,bring abut等。例如:
As a plicy, it did nt prduce the best result. 作为一项政策,它并未产生最好的结果。
词性转换:prductin n.生产;成果;prductive adj.多产的;prductivity n.生产力
(2019,北京卷,阅读D)The cllapse f any f the netwrks f relatins ur well-being(健康)depends upn, such as fd and energy, wuld prduce terrible results.
11. prgress
n.进度,进展,进步
关联词组:ecnmic prgress经济发展;scial prgress社会进步;in prgress正在进行;scientific prgress科学进展;technical prgress技术进步
用法:不可数名词,表示“进步,进展,进程”,常用于make prgress in的结构。例如:
We have made great prgress in cntrlling ppulatin. 我们在控制人口方面取得了巨大进展。
词性转换:prgressive adj.先进的,进步的;进行的prgressively adv.渐进地
(2019,浙江卷,词汇运用)
39. At the meeting the bss ____________ (赞扬) Jhn fr the prgress he made.
12. prmise
n.&v.答应,承诺
关联词组:make a prmise允诺;keep a prmise遵守诺言;break a prmise违反诺言
名词用法:表示“保证,承诺,诺言”,是可数名词;常用结构有prmise f sth.;prmise t sb.;prmise t d sth.;prmise that等。例如:
She made a prmise t visit them nce a mnth.她答应每个月去看他们一次。
动词用法:表示“许诺,保证,答应”,常见结构有prmise sb. sth.=prmise sth. t sb.许诺某人某事;prmise (sb.) that承诺(某人)……;prmise t d sth.承诺做某事。例如:
“Prmise me yu wn’t d anything stupid.”-“I prmise.” “答应我你不会做蠢事。” “我答应。”
She’s prmised t d all she can t help. 她答应尽力帮忙。
词性转换:prmising adj.有希望的,有前途的;prmisingly adv.充满希望地
(2019,北京卷,短文阅读)
My plan wasn’t t make prmises t d things I culdn’t ___14___ but t shw my class why I wanted t be president.
14. A. cmpareB. rememberC. manageD. repeat
13. prper
adj.恰当的,合适的
用法:
eq \\ac(○,1)表示“正确的,合适的,适当的,恰当的”,仅用于名词前。例如:
Everything was in its prper place每样东西都放在恰当的位置。
eq \\ac(○,2)表示“合理的,得体的,合适的”,可用于it is prper (fr sb.) t d sth.结构。例如:
It is nt prper fr me t give yu that infrmatin.我把那资料给你不合适。
词性转换:prperly adv.适当地,恰当地
近义词:suitable adj.合适的,适当的
反义词:imprper adj.不正确的;不适当的
(2019,江苏卷,阅读D)Hw are we ever ging t win anything at the Inter-Schl Athletics withut prper training?
14. prtect
v.保护
用法:常用搭配有prtect sb./sth. frm sth.防止发生……;prtect sb./sth. against sth.保护免受……等。例如:
The cver prtects the machine frm dust. 罩子可以防止灰尘落进机器。
Physical exercise can prtect yu against heart disease. 体育锻炼可以预防心脏病。
词性转换:prtectin n.保护,方位;prtective adj.防护的;prtectr n.保护者,保护器
(2019,山东卷,动词应用)But in prtecting himself, he lst cntrl f the bus and a tragedy (悲剧) happened.
15. prud
adj.自豪的,骄傲的
用法:常用搭配有be prud f sth.以……为豪;因……感到骄傲;prud t d/be sth.为做/成为……感到自豪;prud+ that从句。例如:
Her parents are very prud f her. 她的父母深以她为荣。
I feel very prud t be a part f the team. 能成为队中的一员我感到十分荣幸。
She was prud that the magazine had agreed t publish her stry. 那家杂志同意刊登她的小说,她很得意。
词性转换:prudly adv.傲慢地,自负地,洋洋得意地;pride n.骄傲,自豪(感):take pride in sth.以……为豪。例如:She tk great pride in her appearance. 她对自己的外貌引以为傲。
(2019,湖北卷,单项填空)
26. — She is leaving t take part in the final pem cmpetitin.
— I’m prud f her. I wish her a great .
A. speed B. methd C. pressure D. success
(2019,北京,阅读B)When she shwed Dad her new g-kart, he ndded with pride.
16. prve
v.证明,证实
词形变化:过去式prved,过去分词prved或prven
用法:prve sth. t sb.向某人证明某事;prve+ that/wh-从句;prve sb. +adj.(比如wrng等)。例如:
I knw he did it, but I can’t prve it t Mm. 我知道是他干的,不过我没法向妈妈证明。
This prves (that) I was right. 这证明我是对的。
They say I’m t ld, but I’m ging t prve them all wrng. 他们说我太老了,不过我要证明他们全都错了。
词性转换:prf n.证据
(2019,江苏卷,阅读C)
32. Why did the writer qute (引用) Jim Rhn's wrds in Paragraph 1?
A. T supprt the writer's pinin. B. T intrduce the writer's best friend.
C. T shw Jim Rhn's wrking ability. D. T prve Jim Rhn is a great persn.
17. prvide
v.提供,供应,供给
用法:prvide sb. with sth.=prvide sth. fr sb.给某人提供某物
We are here t prvide a service fr the public. 我们来这里是为公众服务。
We are here t prvide the public with a service. 我们来这里是为公众服务。
词性转换:prvisin n.供应品;prvider n.供应者
(2019,山东卷,单项填空)
17. In the wrld, mre than 30% f schls d nt prvide safe drinking water _________abut 570 millin children.
A. with B. fr C. twards
18. public
n.公众;adj.公共的;公众的,大众的;公开的
名词用法:
eq \\ac(○,1)表示“民众,大众,公众”,常用the (general) public形式,如果做主语,其后的谓语动词一般用复数。例如:
The palace is nw pen t the public. 这座宫殿现在向大众开放了。
The public have a right t knw the truth. 民众有权了解真相。
eq \\ac(○,2)短语in public表示“公开地,当众”,与之相对的是in private。例如:
Her husband was always nice t her in public. 她丈夫在公开场合总是对她很好。
形容词用法:
eq \\ac(○,1)表示“大众的,公众的”,仅用于名词前,泛指普通人。例如:
Pllutin frm the factry may be a danger t public health. 工厂的污染可能危及大众的健康。
eq \\ac(○,2)表示“公共的,公用的”,仅用于名词前,指设施。例如:
a public telephne 公用电话;a public library 公共图书馆
eq \\ac(○,3)表示“公开的”,与隐秘相对。例如:
Details f the gvernment reprt have nt yet been made public. 政府报告的细节尚未公布。
词性转换:publicly adv.公然地;以公众名义;publicity n.宣传;公开;publiciz(s)e v.宣传,公开
反义词:private adj.私人的;私下的;私有的
(2019年,山东卷,单项填空)
3. As middle schl students, we fllw the public rules wherever we g.
A. wuldB. shuldC. mightD. culd
19. punish
v.惩罚,处罚
用法:常用的搭配有punish sb. fr (ding) sth.因(做)某事惩罚某人;punish sb. by ding sth.以某种方式惩罚某人;punish sb. with sth.用……惩罚某人。例如:
It’s unfair t punish a whle class fr the actins f ne student. 因一个同学的行为而惩罚全班是不公平的。
My parents decided t punish me by keeping me ut. 我的父母决定把我关在外面以示惩戒。
My father always punishes me with a sund beat.我父亲总是用一顿好打来惩罚我。
词性转换:punishment n.惩罚
(2019年,浙江卷,词汇运用)
(2)Accrding t the present law, drunk driving must ________ (punish) seriusly.
(二)暮省练习巩固
一. 根据句意,用所给词汇的正确形式填空。
1. He wants t buy tw ______(pair) f scks in the supermarket.
2. There is much _________ (paper) n the desk.
3. This is a _________(persn) letter.
4. I want t keep many _______(pet) in my huse in the future.
5. He _______ (pick) cttns fr his uncle yesterday.
6. Raising _______(pig) can bring yu much mney.
7. We have made the mst mdern ______(plane) .
8. He usually ______ (play) CDs while he is wrking at hme.
9. It’s _________ (impssible) that yu remember ne wrd in a day.
10. It’s _________(implite) t help thers.
11. Yu’d better take a ________ (present) when yu visit a freign family.
12. He _______ (prbable) read the message.
13. What’s the _______(ppulatin) f China? It’s ver 1.3 billin.
14. Nw parents in China ________(push) their kids t hard.
二. 根据短文意思及首字母,写出合乎句意的单词。
T many kids in the city, p______(1) sprts n the p_______(2) is p_______(3) a happy time. They play basketball, sccer and fly mdel p________(4) . They can have their wn p______(5) such as parrts, cats r dgs. They can get many p_______(6) n their birthdays. But the kids in the village are different. They must help their parents d farm wrk, such as p______(7) cttns , feeding p______(8). They can’t get any presents n their birthday, especially p_____(9) kids. They nly have ne wish that they can make great p______(10) in their study. P_____(11) that causes the p_______(12) t pay attentin t them and that can bring them things.
参考答案:
一. 1. pairs; 2. paper; 3. persnal; 4. pets; 5. picked; 6. pigs; 7. planes; 8. plays; 9. pssible; 10. plite; 11. present; 12. prbably; 13. ppulatin; 14. push
二. 1. playing; 2. playgrund; 3. prbably; 4. planes; 5. pets; 6. presents; 7. picking; 8. pigs; 9. pr; 10. prgress; 11. Perhaps; 12. public
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