陕西省重点中学2023届高三英语上学期1月期末试卷（Word版附解析）

这是一份陕西省重点中学2023届高三英语上学期1月期末试卷（Word版附解析），共23页。
2022-2023学年上学期1月期末
高三英语
第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
The Guide to the Lively Arts
SHOW NAME
DATES & TIMES
DESCRIPTIONS
DETAILS
PRICE
ADDITIONAL
THEATRE
My Fair Lady
Saturday,
Feb. 27
at 4 p.m.
From Lincoln Center theater comes “a luxurious new production of the most perfect musical of all time” (Entertainment Weekly). Lerner & Loewe’s My Fair Lady. Director Bartlett Sher’s glowing production is “thrilling, glorious and better than it ever was” (The New York Times). The 3-hour-long production features such classic songs as I Could Have Danced All Night, The Rain in Spain and Wouldn’t it Be Lovely.
Kennedy Center
Opera House;
Kennedy —
center.org
or call
202-467-4600

$ 20:
discounts
for seniors
(60 or
above): $ 15

Parking within
2 hours: $ 5;
for each
additional
hour: $ 1

SHOW NAME
DATES & TIMES
DESCRIPTIONS
DETAILS
PRICE
ADDITIONAL
MUSIC-CONCERTS
Marine Band Sousa Season Opener
The American
Offenbach: Sousa and the Operetta
(小歌剧)

Sunday,
Feb. 28
at 2 p.m.
The Marine Band kicks off its 2021 season with a journey through John Philip Sousa’s keen imagination for the theater, revealing another side of The March King. The concert is dedicated to his operettas, including the marches, songs and instrumental selections from EL Captain, The Charlatan, The Bride Elect and other works for the stage.
Center for the Arts, George Mason University;
Braddock Road & Route 123,
Fairfax, VA;
202-433-4011,
www.marineband.marines.mil
Free

Free
parking
available
MUSIC-ORCHESTRAL

The Apollo
Orchestra
with violist
Roberto Diaz
Sunday,
Feb. 28
at 4 p.m.

The Apollo Orchestra welcomes violist Roberto Diaz to perform Jennifer Higdon’s Grammy-winning Viola Concerto.
Chevy Chase
Presbyterian
Church, 1 Chevy
Chase Circle
Washington,
DC 20015;
www.
apolloorchestra.com
Free

Free parking
available
COMEDY
Make America
Grin Again
Fridays& Saturdays
at 7:30 p.m.
A musical political satire(讽刺作品).
Bringing comedy to politics!
Ronald Reagan
Building; 1300 Pennsylvania Ave;
Info: 202-312-1555, www.capsteps.com
$ 36;
discounts
available for groups of 10
or more
Free
parking


1．How much do you at least need to pay for parking if you park your car in Kennedy Center Opera House to watch My Fair lady?A．$4. B．$5. C．$6. D．$7.
2．Where can you enjoy Jennifer Higdon’s Grammy-winning Viola Concerto?
A．At the Ronald Reagan Building.
B．At the Kennedy Center Opera House.
C．At Chevy Chase Presbyterian Church.
D．At George Mason University’s Center for the Arts.
3．Where will the chart above probably be seen?
A．A news report for artists. B．A brochure for music fans.
C．A booklet for drama lovers. D．A magazine for professional artists.

Despite the fact that there has never been so much wealth or so many wealthy people in the world, many of the world’s poor people still live in material and energy poverty. Could you and I cut back on our consumption (消耗) so as to make some space for others to increase theirs?
I am sure we could. But, unfortunately, everything about our economic systems is set up to make us believe and behave otherwise. The default (默认) mindset is that there is nothing wrong with wanting ever newer and more expensive things as long as we can afford them.
Look around you for a moment. No society anywhere before lived like this. Further, since our spending must necessarily be someone else’s income, we tell ourselves that we actually make the world a better place every time we buy another pair of shoes or trade in a car for the latest model. And that’s the tug (拉) of war that plays itself out cruelly in our lives, as one side of our age cries out “less”, and from the other side comes the answering cry “more”.
Of course, wanting to live a better life is deeply ingrained in human nature. Otherwise, we would never have generated the progress that has brought us to our present station.
But now we should think deeply about how and why we consume.
After all, even the earliest thinkers in the history of economic—including Adam Smith—thought, having more does not always translate into being happier. Evidence shows that many people in the developing world, despite being hard-up, report being just as happy as those in the materially rich societies of the West.
So what now? The answer, perhaps, is to try to be rich in the enjoyment of things, not in the accumulation (堆积) of them. A pair of good shoes, lightly creased (起皱) but also carefully polished (擦亮) once a month a meal cooked at home instead of a trip to McDonald’s—such as these lie our act of saving from the virus of compulsive (强迫性的) consumption.
4．What can we infer from the first two paragraphs?
A．People tend to buy things unreasonably.
B．People refuse to cut down on consumption.
C．People all face material and energy poverty.
D．People believe in political and economic systems.
5．What does the underlined word “ingrained” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Held. B．Rooted. C．Changed. D．Possessed.
6．What does the author suggest?
A．Trying to be rich. B．The more, the better.
C．Enjoying what we have. D．Focusing on the compulsive consumption.
7．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A．Entertainment. B．Health. C．Education. D．Economy.
Cognitive Processing Therapy(CPT), a long-term psychological therapy, is a specific type of cognitive behavioral therapy which reduces post-traumatic stress disorder (创伤后应激障碍) symptoms after natural disasters. Typically, CPT is delivered over 12 sessions to help patients learn how to modify negative attitudes and practices related to their trauma. The goal is that the patient then creates a new, more positive view and understanding of the traumatic event, which reduces on-going negative effects on the patient’s current life. It specifically focuses on the core trauma themes of safety, trust, power and control, etc.
Delivered both individually and in structured group sessions, it allows for multiple different paths to receive effective treatments. In some studies, it has shown to be helpful in cases where medicine alone has not worked. Because CPT focuses on retraining thoughts and behaviors to form practical strategies that can be applied to everyday life. Compared to other talk-therapies, it has been especially successful, because it can be completed in a brief period of time, allowing for a lower patient dropout rate. It also enhances brain connectivity, which lessens long-term impacts of trauma. This increased connectivity is why cognitive behavioral therapy is often argued to be more effective than medicine.
On the other hand, there are also multiple disadvantages to CPT. Due to its structured nature, it may not be suitable for people with more complex mental health needs or learning difficulties. Additionally, since it involves facing up to emotions and fears, patients may experience initial periods of additional anxiety or discomfort. Some therapists also argue that because it only addresses current problems and specific issues it does not address possible fundamental causes of mental health conditions, and because it focuses on the individual’s capacity to change themselves it does not address wider system problems that have a significant impact on a patient’s health and well-being.
However, focusing mainly on post-natural disasters, regardless of pre-disaster health, CPT has been repeatedly proven to be a rather successful treatment approach. Although there have not been studies generalizing CPT for children, it is an effective treatment for adults. The clear effectiveness of CPT demonstrates the importance of patient-specific therapies that are unique to the experiences of individual patients.
8．According to the passage, CPT is intended to help patients _________.
A．learn how to modify various negative attitudes and practices
B．cultivate a positive view and understanding of the traumatic events
C．minimize on-going negative effects on their previous and current life
D．focus on the core trauma themes of safety, trust, power, control, etc.
9．Compared with other talk-therapies, what feature contributes to the effectiveness of CPT?
A．Its multiple treating assignments.
B．Its applicable strategies in daily life.
C．Its higher treatment fulfillment.
D．Its brain connectivity enhancement.
10．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．Post-disaster health is not taken into consideration in the CPT.
B．CPT proves to be the most successful treatment approach so far.
C．More researches might be conducted into the effectiveness of CPT in children.
D．CPT addresses the fundamental causes of patients’ mental health conditions.
11．What is the main idea of this passage?
A．The application of Cognitive Processing Therapy.
B．An introduction to a long-term psychological therapy.
C．A breakthrough in the psychological medical field.
D．The limitations of Cognitive Processing Therapy.

Despite growing concerns over tiny bits of plastic filling the world’s waterways, the long-term environmental effects of that waste remain unclear. Now an experiment on freshwater sediment (沉积物) communities exposed to microplastics for over a year helps clarify how harmful this pollution can be.
Researchers put trays (托盘) of sediment littered with different amounts of polystyrene (a very light soft plastic) particles (颗粒) — ranging from 0 to 5 percent plastic — in the bottom of an outdoor waterway where bugs, snails and other little creatures colonized the mud. After 15 months, fewer organisms were found living in the trays with 5 percent polystyrene than in trays with less plastic, largely because fewer Naididae worms lived in the most polluted mud. The trays with 0 to 0.5 percent microplastic averaged between about 500 and 800 worms per tray, while mud with 5 percent plastic averaged fewer than 300, researchers reported January 31 in Science Advances.
That reduction in Naididae worms suggests that severe microplastic pollution can throw freshwater ecosystems out of balance. The 5 percent plastic concentration where researchers saw a major drop in the Naididae worm population has more pollution than what is typically found in freshwater sediment, says study coauthor Bart Koelmans, who studies aquatic ecology at Wageningen University & Research in the Netherlands.
“It’s a really important piece of work,” says Richard Thompson, who studies environmental effects of plastic pollution at the University of Plymouth in England but was not involved in the study. “Most of our understanding about the impacts of small pieces of plastic comes from laboratory studies over several weeks. The new experiment gets closer to assessing microplastic’s long-term, real-world effects,” he says.
Just because the researchers didn’t observe a significant effect on these freshwater communities at lower plastic concentrations “doesn’t mean that there are no effects,” says Ana Luísa Patrfcio Silva, an ecotoxicologist at the University of Aveiro in Portugal not involved in the work. Simply keeping a count of the organisms living in mud with a certain amount of pollution doesn’t rule out the possibility that microplastics weaken the creatures’ ability to function normally, she says.
12．What’s the purpose of the experiment?
A．To clear up the microplastics in waterways.
B．To reduce people’s concerms over plastic pollution.
C．To see how worms live in harmony with each other.
D．To identify the harmful effect of plastic in waterways.
13．What can we learn from paragraph 2?
A．The theory of the experiment.
B．The process of the experiment.
C．The participants of the experiment.
D．The significance of the experiment.
14．The author tells us that Naididae worms_______.
A．are the most sensitive to plastic
B．are not affected by plastic pollution
C．are a sign of freshwater ecosystem balance
D．remain least in water with 1 percent plastic
15．What’s Ana’s attitude towards the findings?
A．Favorable. B．Skeptical. C．Ambiguous. D．Uncaring.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
Wearing a face mask will keep you and others safer when you have to leave the house. ____16____. But the bad news is that you now realize you suffer from unpleasant smells. Here are four ways to combat bad breath and make wearing a mask a more pleasant experience.
●Keep away from certain foods
Onions and garlic not only add flavor to many foods but also add smells that are not easily brushed away. The substances that cause their bad smells make their way into your bloodstream and travel to your lungs, where you breathe them out. ____17____.
● ____18____
Saliva (唾液) is the key ingredient in your mouth that helps keep the smell under control because it helps wash away food particles and bacteria. If you are not producing much saliva, try drinking water or chewing sugarless gum.
●Brush your teeth
You’d better brush your teeth at least twice a day to reduce harmful bacteria on your teeth. The sticky buildup on your teeth collects bacteria that cause bad breath, and trapped food adds to the problem. ____19____. It is proved that if you brush too hard, you can wear down your teeth, making them vulnerable to decay.
●Brush your tongue
____20____. It can end up on your tongue. To rid your tongue of smell—causing bacteria, remember to brush it when you clean your teeth. If your toothbrush is too big to reach the back of your tongue, buy a tool used for removing the accumulation.
A．Avoid dry mouth
B．Wash your hands
C．That’s the good news
D．Buy a proper toothbrush instead
E．Bacteria don’t just live on your teeth
F．But the experts warn against overdoing it.
G．Avoiding those foods is the best way to get rid of the problem

第二部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
There is a fine line between a parent who is active and open-minded and one that doesn’t know when to let go. As my daughter, Nicole, ___21___ to leave home for college, I’m discovering how hard it is to stay on the right side of this line. When I hold ___22___ the apron strings (围裙带) connecting us, Nicole, eager to ___23___ independence, tries to loosen my grasp. What ___24___ is an awkward mother-daughter, push-me, pull-you kind of tango.
For the past two years, it’s gone like this:
Mother’s question: “Have you thought of taking an advanced placement class (高阶课程) so that you can ___25___ college credit?”
Daughter’s response: “No, I’m not interested in that.”
……
I bit my lip a few times and Nicole shot me a few glares.
Two months ago, she was ___26___ to a great university. However, I was still the mother having a ___27___ time letting go. The night before the introductory meeting of the university, I had read the course catalog carefully and ___28___ courses which I thought looked good. We met on the campus the next afternoon, and Nicole’s face ___29___ with excitement, “I have had my entire schedule figured out,” she said. “Already?” I was astonished, __30__ she should have discussed it with me. I examined the schedule. Nicole hadn’t taken a (an) ___31___ one of the courses I had suggested. Every course she had chosen ___32___ suited her interests. Just then I saw a mature, capable young woman with a ___33___ mind and the ability to shape her future. She no longer needed her mother to evaluate every ___34___ she made. I felt proud, though still a bit ___35___.
I ___36___ the lessons carefully. Nicole has ___37___ to learn over the past 18 years: responsibility, sympathy, and hard work. There have been a few holes along the way. ___38___, she is well-equipped and eager to ___39___ the future. The next step, I recognized, was mine to take: giving my daughter and myself the ___40___ we both needed.
21．A．devotes B．supposes C．prepares D．graduates
22．A．onto B．up C．back D．out
23．A．keep B．refuse C．bear D．taste
24．A．leaves B．causes C．results D．takes
25．A．succeed B．earn C．approve D．need
26．A．received B．invited C．admitted D．treated
27．A．good B．great C．easy D．hard
28．A．taken B．emphasized C．selected D．offered
29．A．lit up B．built up C．turned up D．made up
30．A．imagining B．hoping C．thinking D．adding
31．A．only B．just C．even D．single
32．A．mostly B．exactly C．hardly D．slightly
33．A．normal B．sharp C．different D．typical
34．A．care B．friend C．decision D．effect
35．A．anxious B．excited C．tense D．sad
36．A．observed B．checked C．reviewed D．studied
37．A．determined B．fail C．forced D．struggled
38．A．Therefore B．Instead C．Besides D．Still
39．A．greet B．discover C．determine D．control
40．A．character B．strength C．independence D．relief
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The warm weather outside may look perfect for outdoor exercise. But for those ____41____ are not that sporty, what could be nicer than having ____42____ (relax) afternoon tea with a few good friends ____43____ taking a break?
But are you familiar with the culture of afternoon tea ― its origins, what is included, and ____44____ proper etiquette(礼仪)?  Here are a few things you need to know about this ____45____ (tradition) English custom so that you can enjoy it more.
While the tradition of drinking tea____46____ (date) back to about 3000 BC in China, it was not until the mid-17th century that the concept of “afternoon tea” first appeared in the UK.
In 1840, Anna Maria Russell, the ____47____ (seven) Duchess of Bedford, started asking for a tea tray with butter, bread and cakes at 4 pm every day, as she found she was hungry at this time every day while the evening meal in her house____48____ (serve) late at 8 pm. She found this new habit difficult____49____ (break) and soon invited other ladies in society to join her.
This pause for tea quickly became a fashionable social event. _____50_____ the 1880s, the upper class would put on gowns, gloves and hats for their afternoon tea.
第三部分写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
On a Sunday, I felt such tired after a football match that I didn't finish my homework even that night. I think I could get up earlier to go to school the next morning so that I could finish them before class. But I wasn't able to get to school on time because the traffic jam. I was being punished by my teacher.
It taught me a lesson. From now on, I made a determination that I would never put off nothing important until the next day. Please remember: Working today, for you don't know which may happen to you tomorrow. Seize today and trust tomorrow as little as possibly.
第二节书面表达(满分25分）
52．假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Chris对中国体育运动感兴趣。他来信让你介绍你最喜欢的运动，请你根据以下提示，给他写封电子邮件，内容如下：
1.何时开始喜欢此项运动和原因；
2.现在练习的情况；
3.给你带来的益处。
注意：1.词数不少于100；  2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Chris,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua

参考答案
1．C    2．C    3．B

这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几种艺术形式，以及它们的票价、时间等信息。
1．细节理解题。根据左边第二栏“My Fair Lady”部分中“The 3-hour-long production features such classic songs as I Could Have Danced All Night, The Rain in Spain and Wouldn’t it Be Lovely.”（这部长达3小时的作品以经典歌曲为特色，如I Could Have Danced All Night, The Rain in Spain 和Wouldn’t it Be Lovely。）及最右一栏“Parking within2 hours: $ 5;for each additional hour: $ 1”（2小时内停车: 5美元; 每多1小时: 加1美元）可知，这部歌剧持续3个小时，因而你应付$5+ $1=$6，故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“MUSIC-ORCHESTRAL”部分第三栏“The Apollo Orchestra welcomes violist Roberto Diaz to perform Jennifer Higdon’s Grammy-winning Viola Concerto.”（阿波罗管弦乐团欢迎中提琴手Roberto Diaz演奏Jennifer Higdon的赢得格莱美奖的中提琴协奏曲）和第四栏中“Chevy Chase Presbyterian Church, ”（在Chevy Chase Presbyterian教堂）可知，在Chevy Chase Presbyterian教堂你能欣赏到Jennifer Higdon的演奏的赢得格莱美奖的中提琴协奏曲。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据表格的标题“The Guide to the Lively Arts”（生动的艺术指南）可知，文章介绍了一些艺术形式，所以可推知文章可能在对音乐爱好者宣传册上发现。故选B。
4．A    5．B    6．C    7．D

本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了当今人们的消费方式，分析了原因和趋势，并倡议人们摆脱强制消费，做到理性消费。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Could you and I cut back on our consumption(消耗)so as to make some space for others to increase theirs?(你和我能不能减少我们的消费，为其他人增加消费腾出空间？)”以及第二段中“But, unfortunately, everything about our economic systems is set up to make us believe and behave otherwise. The default(默认)mindset is that there is nothing wrong with wanting ever newer and more expensive things as long as we can afford them.(但不幸的是，我们的经济体系的一切都是为了让我们相信并采取相反的行动。默认的心态是，只要我们能负担得起，想要更新、更昂贵的东西没有错)”可知，前两段中提出了让大家减少消费的倡议，但由于受到些观念的影响，人们觉得只要支付得起，想消费更新、更贵的东西是没错的。由此推知，人们倾向于不理性地消费。故选A。
5．词句猜测题。根据第四段中划线词后面的句子“Otherwise, we would never have generated the progress that has brought us to our present station.(否则，我们就永远不可能取得使我们走到现在这一步的进步)”可知，想过上更好的生活的想法在人们心中是根深蒂固的，否则我们永远不可能取得当下如此大的进步。由此可知ingrained意为“扎根；使根深蒂固”。故选B。
6．推理判断题。作者在最后一段“So what now? The answer, perhaps, is to try to be rich in the enjoyment of things, not in the accumulation (堆积) of them. A pair of good shoes, lightly creased (起皱) but also carefully polished (擦亮) once a month a meal cooked at home instead of a trip to MeDonald’s—such as these lie our act of saving from the virus of compulsive (强迫性的) consumption.(那么现在呢?答案也许是，要在享受事物的过程中变得富有，而不是在积累事物的过程中变得富有。一双好鞋，有轻微的折痕，但也要每月擦一次，在家做一顿饭，而不是去麦当劳——这就是我们从强迫性消费病毒中拯救出来的行为)”推知，作者建议大家要试着尽情享受已有的物品，而非不断地囤积商品，即“享受我们所拥有的东西”。故选C。
7．推理判断题。通读全文，文章介绍了当今人们的消费方式，分析了原因和趋势，并倡议人们理性消费，由此可知，本文应该是出自报纸的经济板块。故选D。
8．B    9．C    10．C    11．B

这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种长期心理疗法——认知加工疗法。它能够帮助患者改变消极态度和行为，减少对患者生活的负面影响，但同时也存在一些缺点，患者在初始阶段可能会更加焦虑或不适。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The goal is that the patient then creates a new, more positive view and understanding of the traumatic event, which reduces on-going negative effects on the patient’s current life.(这样做的目的是让病人对创伤事件有一个新的、更积极的看法和理解，从而减少对病人当前生活的持续负面影响。)”可知，认知加工疗法是为了帮助病人培养对创伤性时间的积极看法和理解。故选B项。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Compared to other talk-therapies, it has been especially successful, because it can be completed in a brief period of time , allowing for a lower patient dropout rate. It also enhances brain connectivity, which lessens long-term impacts of trauma.  This increased connectivity is why cognitive behavioral therapy is often argued to be more effective than medicine.(与其他谈话疗法相比，它特别成功，因为它可以在很短的时间内完成，允许较低的患者退出率。它还能增强大脑的连通性，从而减少创伤的长期影响。这种增强的连通性就是为什么认知行为疗法经常被认为比药物更有效。)”可知，认知加工疗法成功是因为它完成时间短，增强大脑的连通性，所以它比其他的疗法要更加有效。故选C项。
10．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“However, focusing mainly on post-natural disasters, regardless of pre-disaster health, CPT has been repeatedly proven to be a rather successful treatment approach.  Although there have not been studies generalizing CPT for children, it is an effective treatment for adults.  The clear effectiveness of CPT demonstrates the importance of patient-specific therapies that are unique to the experiences of individual patients.(然而，认知加工疗法主要侧重于自然灾害后，而不考虑灾前健康，已多次被证明是一种相当成功的治疗方法。虽然还没有研究将认知加工疗法推广到儿童，但它对成人是一种有效的治疗方法。认知加工疗法的明确有效性证明了患者特异性治疗的重要性，这是个体患者独特的经历。)”可知，认知加工疗法多次被证明是一种相当成功的治疗方法，并且对于成年人来说已经是有效的方法；由此可以推出，下一步很有可能就是将其应用于儿童身上，研究它的有效性。故选C项。
11．主旨大意题。文章第一段主要讲了认知加工疗法的定义，它是一种长期的心理疗法；第二段讲了它为何如此有效，其原理是什么；第三段讲了认知加工疗法的缺点；第四段讲了它的应用范围。综合全文可知，文章主要介绍了一种长期心理疗法——认知加工疗法。故选B项。
12．D    13．B    14．C    15．B

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了一项淡水沉积物群落暴露在微塑料中超过一年的实验，研究发现将有助于弄清微塑料垃圾对环境的长期影响。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“Despite growing concerns over tiny bits of plastic filling the world’s waterways, the long-term environmental effects of that waste remain unclear. Now an experiment on freshwater sediment (沉积物) communities exposed to microplastics for over a year helps clarify how harmful this pollution can be.”可知，尽管越来越多的人担心世界上的水道中充斥着微小的塑料垃圾，但这些垃圾对环境的长期影响仍不清楚。现在，一项淡水沉积物群落暴露在微塑料中超过一年的实验有助于弄清这种污染的危害。由此推知，这项实验的主要目的是研究塑料在水道中的有害影响。故选D。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Researchers put trays (托盘) of sediment littered with different amounts of polystyrene (a very light soft plastic) particles (颗粒) — ranging from 0 to 5 percent plastic — in the bottom of an outdoor waterway where bugs, snails and other little creatures colonized the mud. After 15 months, fewer organisms were found living in the trays with 5 percent polystyrene than in trays with less plastic, largely because fewer Naididae worms lived in the most polluted mud.”可知，研究人员将散落着不同数量的聚苯乙烯(一种非常轻的软塑料)颗粒(塑料含量从0到5%不等)的沉淀物放置在室外水路的底部，那里有虫子、蜗牛和其他小生物在淤泥中繁衍。15个月后，发现生活在含5%聚苯乙烯的托盘里的微生物比生活在含较少塑料的托盘里的要少，这主要是因为生活在污染最严重的泥里的Naididae蠕虫更少。由此可知，第二段主要描述了实验过程。故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“That reduction in Naididae worms suggests that severe microplastic pollution can throw freshwater ecosystems out of balance.”可知，奈迪科蠕虫数量的减少表明，严重的微塑料污染会使淡水生态系统失去平衡。由此可知，奈迪科蠕虫的多少是淡水生态系统是否平衡的标志。故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Just because the researchers didn’t observe a significant effect on these freshwater communities at lower plastic concentrations “doesn’t mean that there are no effects,” says Ana Luísa Patrfcio Silva, an ecotoxicologist at the University of Aveiro in Portugal not involved in the work. Simply keeping a count of the organisms living in mud with a certain amount of pollution doesn’t rule out the possibility that microplastics weaken the creatures’ ability to function normally, she says.”可知，葡萄牙阿威罗大学的生态毒理学家Ana Luisa Patrfcio Silva没有参与这项研究，她说，仅仅因为研究人员没有在较低的塑料浓度下观察到对这些淡水群落的显著影响，“并不意味着没有影响”。她说，简单地计算在一定程度的污染下生活在泥中的生物数量并不能排除塑料微粒削弱生物正常活动能力的可能性。由此推知，Ana对此实验的研究结果并不确信，持怀疑态度。故选B。
16．C    17．G    18．A    19．F    20．E

本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是避免口臭的方法。
16．空前说“Wearing a face mask will keep you and others safer when you have to leave the house.(当你不得不离开家时，戴上口罩会让你和其他人更安全。)”，空后说“But the bad news is that you now realize you suffer from unpleasant smells.(但坏消息是，你现在意识到你正在忍受难闻的气味。)”，but表转折，空格处应说空前说的是好消息，C选项“That’s the good news(这是好消息)”指出空前说的是好消息，承接上文，符合语境，故选C。
17．空前说“Onions and garlic not only add flavor to many foods but also add smells that are not easily brushed away. The substances that cause their bad smells make their way into your bloodstream and travel to your lungs, where you breathe them out.(洋葱和大蒜不仅为许多食物增添了风味，还增加了不易清除的气味。导致难闻气味的物质会进入你的血液，然后到达你的肺部，在那里你把它们呼出来。)”，结合小标题“Keep away from certain foods(远离某些食物)”可知，空格处应说要避免空前所列的这些食物，G选项“Avoiding those foods is the best way to get rid of the problem(避免这些食物是摆脱问题的最好方法)”指出了要避免前面所说的食物，承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
18．空格处是本段小标题，由空格下方的“Saliva (唾液) is the key ingredient in your mouth that helps keep the smell under control because it helps wash away food particles and bacteria. If you are not producing much saliva, try drinking water or chewing sugarless gum.(唾液是口腔中帮助控制气味的关键成分，因为它有助于冲走食物颗粒和细菌。如果你分泌的唾液不多，试着喝水或嚼无糖口香糖。)”可知，本段主要讲的是要保持口腔湿润，A选项“Avoid dry mouth(避免口干)”说明了要保持口腔湿润，概括了本段内容，可作为小标题，故选A。
19．空后说“It is proved that if you brush too hard, you can wear down your teeth, making them vulnerable to decay.(事实证明，如果刷牙太用力，就会磨损牙齿，使它们容易腐烂。)”，空格处应该会说到不要刷牙太过，F选项“But the experts warn against overdoing it(但专家们警告不要过度刷牙)”说明了不要刷牙太过，和下文内容相呼应，符合语境，故选F。
20．空后说“It can end up on your tongue. To rid your tongue of smell—causing bacteria, remember to brush it when you clean your teeth.(它可能会落在你的舌头上。为了清除舌头上产生异味的细菌，记得在刷牙的时候刷舌头。)”，空格处应说细菌不仅仅会在牙齿上，E选项“Bacteria don’t just live on your teeth(细菌不仅生活在你的牙齿上)”和后文“它可能会落在你的舌头上”相呼应，说明细菌还会落在舌头上，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选E。

21．C    22．A    23．D    24．C    25．B    26．C    27．D    28．C    29．A    30．C    31．D    32．B    33．B    34．C    35．D    36．C    37．D    38．D    39．A    40．C

本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述作者很难做到对女儿完全放手，但通过女儿渴望尝试独立的过程，发现应该给女儿和自己都需要的独立性。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我的女儿Nicole准备离家去上大学时，我发现处于这条标准的正确一面上是多么困难。A. devotes献身，致力于；B. supposes猜想；C. prepares准备；D. graduates毕业。根据空后“leave home for college”可知，此处是离开家准备去上大学，故选C项。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我抓紧连接我们的围裙带时，急于体验独立的Nicole却尽力松开我的控制。四个选项和空前的动词hold构成动词短语，hold onto抓住……不放；hold up举起；hold back保留，抑制；hold out坚持。根据“tries to loosen my grasp.”可知，作者是抓住不放，hold onto符合语境，故选A项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我抓紧连接我们的围裙带时，急于体验独立的Nicole却尽力松开我的控制。A. keep保持；B. refuse拒绝；C. bear忍受；D. taste品尝，体验。根据“tries to loosen my grasp.”可知，女儿Nicole尽力松开作者的控制，所以是想体验独立，故选D项。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果就是一种尴尬的妈妈和女儿之间你推我，我拉你的探戈舞。A. leaves留下，离开；B. causes引起；C. results产生，致使；D. takes取，拿。结合上文及空后“an awkward mother-daughter, push-me, pull-you kind of tango”可知，作者想抓紧这种纽带不放手，而女儿急于自立，由此产生的结果是尴尬的关系，故选C项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你想过上高阶课程这样就能赚大学学分吗？A. succeed成功；B. earn赚的，挣；C. approve赞成；D. need需要。结合语境及空后“college credit”可知，此处是上高阶课程来挣大学学分，故选B项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：两个月前，她被一所很好的大学录取。A. received接受；B. invited邀请；C. admitted承认，准许进入；D. treated对待。结合下文作者和女儿选大学课程可知，此处指女儿被一所大学录取，故选C项。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我仍然是那个很难放手的妈妈。A. good好的；B. great极好的，伟大的；C. easy容易的；D. hard艰难的。根据本句表示转折的副词However及下文作者为女儿选课程可知，虽然女儿即将上大学，但是作者作为妈妈很难放手，故选D项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在学校介绍会的前一天晚上，我仔细阅读了课程目录，选择出我认为看起来比较好的。A. taken取，拿；B. emphasized强调；C. selected选择；D. offered主动提供。根据本句中“I thought looked good”及下文“Every course she had chosen 　12　 suited her interests.”可知，作者是为女儿选择出自己认为好的课程，此处select和choose是同义词，故选C项。
29．考查动词短语辨析。句意：第二天下午我们在校园见面，Nicole 脸上兴奋地容光焕发，她说：“我已经把我的整个日程表安排好了。”A. lit up点燃，（使）容光焕发；B. built up建立；C. turned up调高，出现；D. made up构成，弥补。根据“with excitement”可知，Nicole因兴奋而容光焕发，故选A项。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很惊讶，想着她本应该和我讨论一下。A. imagining想象；B. hoping希望；C. thinking思考，想；D. adding增加。根据语境并结合作者说的“she should have discussed it with me”可知，女儿自己安排好日程，作者很惊讶，“她本应该和我讨论的”是作者心理想的，故选C项。
31．考查副词、形容词词义辨析。句意：Nicole没有选择我建议的一门课程。A. only仅仅，只；B. just正好，只是；C. even甚至；D. single单一的，单个的。根据下一句“Every course she had chosen ___12___ suited her interests.”可知，女儿选的课程都是适合她自己的兴趣，所以此处指没有一门是作者建议的，故选D项。
32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：她选择的每一门课程只是恰恰满足她的兴趣。A. mostly大部分；B. exactly恰恰，确实；C. hardly几乎不；D. slightly轻微地，些许。结合上文可知，作者建议的课程Nicole都没有选，Nicole选的课程都恰恰适合自己的兴趣，故选B项。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就在那时我看到一个成熟的、有能力的年轻女性，有着聪明的头脑和塑造自己未来的能力。A. normal正常的；B. sharp锋利的，聪明的；C. different不同的；D. typical典型的。根据“a mature, capable young woman”可知，此处指聪明的头脑，故选B项。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她不再需要妈妈来评估她做的每个决定。A. care关爱；B. friend朋友；C. decision决定；D. effect影响。根据上文内容可知，Nicole自己选择了大学课程，所以此处指她不再需要妈妈来评估她的“决定”，故选C项。
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感觉自豪，尽管仍然有一点难过。A. anxious焦虑的；B. excited兴奋的，激动的；C. tense紧张的；D. sad难过的。根据语境及表示让步关系的though可知，作者感觉自豪，尽管有一点难过，故选D项。
36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我仔细回顾经验教训。。A. observed观察；B. checked检查；C. reviewed回顾，复查，复习；D. studied学习。根据下一句中“over the past 18 years”可知，作者是回顾过去，故选C项。
37．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去的18年，Nicole 挣扎着学习：责任，同情心和努力工作。A. determined决定；B. fail失败；C. forced强迫；D. struggled挣扎，奋斗。根据下一句“There have been a few holes along the way.”可知，一路上有一些困境，所以此处指挣扎着学习，故选D项。
38．考查副词词义辨析。句意：她全副武装，渴望迎接未来。A. Therefore因此；B. Instead相反；C. Besides此外；D. Still但是，仍然。前一句说沿途有一些坎坷，空后面是她已经为未来做好了充分准备，所以此处应该填具有转折意义的词，故选D项。
39．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她全副武装，渴望迎接未来。A. greet 问候，欢迎；B. discover发现；C. determine决定；D. control控制。根据“she is well-equipped”可知，她做好准备迎接未来，故选A项。
40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认识到，下一步就是我要采取的：给我的女儿和我自己都需要的独立性。A. character特征，性格；B. strength力量；C. independence独立；D. relief宽慰，解脱。根据上文“Nicole, eager to ___3___ independence”及文章内容可知，女儿长大了，作者意识到需要放手，给女儿也给自己独立，故选C项。


41．who    42．relaxing    43．and    44．the    45．traditional    46．dates    47．seventh    48．was served    49．to break    50．In

这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国下午茶的由来及礼仪。
41．考查定语从句。句意：但对于那些不是那么热爱运动的人来说，还有什么能比和几个好朋友一起喝下午茶，稍稍休息一下更惬意呢?  分析句子结构，　　1　　 are not that sporty是一个定语从句，修饰先行词those，关系词在从句中作主语，指人，当先行词为指人的those时，只用who，不用that，故填who。
42．考查形容词。句意：但对于那些不是那么热爱运动的人来说，还有什么能比和几个好朋友一起喝下午茶，稍稍休息一下更惬意呢?该空修饰名词短语afternoon tea，用形容词；v+ed形式的形容词修饰人，而v+ing形式的形容词修饰物，这里修饰物，故填relaxing。
43．考查连词。句意：但对于那些不是那么热爱运动的人来说，还有什么能比和几个好朋友一起喝下午茶，稍稍休息一下更惬意呢?“和几个好朋友一起喝下午茶”和“稍稍休息一下”之间是并列关系，用连词and，故填and。
44．考查冠词。句意：但是你熟悉下午茶的文化——它的起源，包括什么，以及适当的礼仪吗？特指“适当的礼仪”，用定冠词，故填the。
45．考查形容词。句意：这里有一些关于这个英国传统习俗你需要了解的事情，这样你才能更享受它。 该空修饰名词短语English custom，用形容词，故填traditional。
46．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在中国，饮茶的传统可以追溯到公元前3000年左右，而“下午茶”的概念直到17世纪中叶才首次出现在英国。 描述一个客观的事实，用一般现在时， 主语the tradition of drinking tea是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，故填dates。
47．考查序数词。句意：1840年，第七世贝德福德公爵夫人安娜•玛丽亚•拉塞尔每天都要在下午4点备好一个盛有黄油、面包和蛋糕的茶盘，因为她发现自己每天下午4点都会饿，而家里的晚餐通常是晚上8点。表示“第七世贝德福德公爵夫人”，用序数词，故填seventh。
48．考查时态和语态。句意：1840年，第七世贝德福德公爵夫人安娜•玛丽亚•拉塞尔每天都要在下午4点备好一个盛有黄油、面包和蛋糕的茶盘，因为她发现自己每天下午4点都会饿，而家里的晚餐通常是晚上8点。根据时间状语“In 1840”可知描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；从句主语“the evening meal”和谓语“serve”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，且主语“the evening meal”是单数，故填was served。
49．考查固定用法。句意：她发现这个新习惯很难改掉，很快就邀请社会上的其他女士加入她的行列。difficult to do sth. 难以做某事，该用法是固定用法，故填to break。
50．考查介词。句意：在19世纪80年代，上层社会的人会穿上长袍，戴上手套和帽子来喝下午茶。 表示“在第几世纪多少年代”，用介词in，故填in。
51．71. such→so   72. think→thought     73. them→it         74. because后面加of     75. 删除punished前面的being
76. now→then  77. nothing→anything  78. Working→Work  79. which→what  80. possibly→possible
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己因踢足球过于疲惫而把当天的作业留到第二天上课前写，却因堵车迟到没上交作业，被老师惩罚的经历懂得了要下定决心当天事当天毕。
71. 考查副词。句意：一个周日，足球赛后我感到如此疲惫以至于我那天不想完成家庭作业。结构“如此…以至于”可为so+adj/adv+that.或者such+n+that；so修饰形容词或副词，故将such改为so。
72. 考查动词时态。句意：我认为为了能在上课前完成作业，我第二天早上能早起去学校。本篇文章讲述发生在过去的故事，动作发生在过去，所以要用过去时。故将think改为thought。
73. 考查代词。句意：我认为为了能在上课前完成作业，我第二天早上能早起去学校。根据句意可判断代词them指代的是“需要完成的作业”homework，为不可数名词，代词需要用it。故改them为it。
74. 考查介词。句意：但是因为交通堵塞，我觉得我不能准时到校。“因为”because 是连词，后面需要句子，但此句后接的是“交通堵塞”the traffic jam为名词短语，要用短语because of。故在because后加of。
75. 考查语态。句意：我被老师惩罚了。根据句意可知，“我”I 与惩罚“punish”之间是被动关系，且是发生在过去的动作，而不是过去某一时间正在发生的动作，故不是过去进行时的被动语态，不需要being。故删除punished 前面的being。
76. 考查副词。句意：从那以后，我下定决心再也不将任何重要的事推迟到第二天。根据句意可知，表示“从那时起”而非“从现在起”，故改now为then。
77. 考查不定代词。句意：从那以后，我下定决心再也不将重要的事推迟到第二天。根据前文可知作者因为不写作业被罚，即推迟重要的事是不好的。故下决心不再推迟任何重要的事，根据空格处应填“任何事情”anything。故改nothing为anything。
78. 考查动词。句意：今天完成该完成的事吧，因为你不知道明天将发生什么。本句是祈使句后接一个原因状语从句，祈使句要用动词原形开头。故改Working为Work。
79. 考查连接代词。句意：今天完成该完成的事吧，因为你不知道明天将发生什么。根据句意“因为你不知道明天会发生什么”可知“知道”know后接的宾语从句主语为“什么”，要用what。故改which为what。
80. 考查形容词。句意：尽可能抓住今天，相信明天。“尽可能…”为固定搭配as...as possible，故改possibly为possible。
52．Dear Chris,
I am more than delighted to learn that you are obsessed with Chinese sports. My favorite Chinese sport is tai chi.
My affection for tai chi dates back to my PE class back in primary school. I was impressed by its magical combination of softness and strength. I practiced hard to sharpen my skills, and the constant praise from my teacher pushed me forward to learn it in depth. I am now a member of my school’s tai chi club, where students of various levels who are passionate about tai chi gather around to practice tai chi together. Tai chi has brought me massive benefits. Not only has it bettered my health, but also built my confidence, thus improving my studies.
I hope my introductions can be of some help. What’s your favorite sport? I am looking forward to your reply.
                                                                                                                                                                    Yours,
                                                                                                                                                                    Li Hua
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Chris写封电子邮件，向他介绍自己最喜欢的中国体育运动。
1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad→pleased/delighted
得知：hear→learn
希望：expect→hope
帮助：assist→help
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：My affection for tai chi dates back to my PE class back in primary school.
拓展句：My affection for tai chi dates back to my PE class back in primary school, where there was a strong atmosphere of traditional Chinese culture.
【高分句型1】I am now a member of my school’s tai chi club, where students of various levels who are passionate about tai chi gather around to practice tai chi together. (运用了where引导的非限制性定语从句及who引导的限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】Not only has it bettered my health, but also built my confidence, thus improving my studies. (运用了not only…but also句型以及否定词位于句首引起的部分倒装句)