2022-2023学年宁夏银川一中高三上学期第四次月考英语试题（解析版）

这是一份2022-2023学年宁夏银川一中高三上学期第四次月考英语试题（解析版），共23页。
银川一中2023届高三年级第四次月考
英 语 试 卷
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题的答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：听力理解(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 (共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Who is having a holiday abroad?
A. David. B. Mike. C. John.
2. What time does the next plane to London leave?
A. At 10:00. B. At 11:00. C. At 12:00.
3. What is Mr. Thomas’s life like now?
A. Worse than before. B. Happier than before. C. As good as before.
4. Why won’t the man go to the movies with Helen?
A. She is not in the mood.
B. She likes talking during a movie.
C. She doesn’t want to go out with him.
5. What is the man trying to do?
A. Deliver some bad news. B. Find a new position. C. Make a speech.
第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。
6. How does the man sound at first?
A. Rather surprised. B. Very calm. C. A little angry.
7. Where are the files?
A. On the man’s desk. B. Next to the fax machine. C. On the computer desk.
听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。
8. What do Iranians care most about the tea?
A. The color. B. The tea set. C. The quality.
9. What is special about tea shops in Iran?
A. There are no tea cups. B. There are no chairs. C. There are no waiters.
听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。
10. Why did the man go to the Philippines?
A. For a trip. B. For further studies. C. For volunteer work.
11. Who helped the man with the project?
A. The local students. B. The local government. C. The local businessmen.
12. What’s the aim of the project?
A. To explore an island.
B. To help the poor students.
C. To protect the environment.
听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。
13. What is the man?
A. A doctor. B. A host. C. A teacher.
14. Who used to be a doctor?
A. Cassie’s friend. B. Cassie’s mother. C. Cassie’s friend’s mother.
15. How long did it take Cassie to become a qualified doctor?
A. One year. B. Four years. C. Five years.
16. What does Cassie say about her job?
A. She gets bored with it.
B She enjoys it in general.
C. She always works overtime.
听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。
17. What is the weather like today?
A. Rainy. B. Snowy. C. Sunny.
18. When should the listeners get up tomorrow?
A. At 5:30. B. At 6:00. C. At 6:30.
19. What does the speaker advise the listeners NOT to take?
A. Whistles. B. Maps. C. Cameras.
20. What are the listeners going to do most probably?
A. Go surfing. B. Go hiking. C. Go boating.
二、阅读理解：(每小题2分，共计40分)
第一节：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
3rd Walk the Talk: The Health for All Challenge 2020
JOIN US VIRTUALLY
World Health Organization(WHO)is taking the 3rd Walk the Talk: The Health for All Challenge virtually this year. In the context of COVID-19, WHO, through several online platforms, will host exercise moments, information sessions, and live chats with experts on topics from physical and mental health to nutrition and healthy ageing.
While the first two editions attracted thousands of participants in Geneva, we hope to reach more people during the virtual edition. We look forward to working with the many partners who have supported the first two editions, including governments, civil society organizations, and scientific and academic bodies.
The event will also celebrate health and be a platform to promote the need for all people to have access to health services and for health champions to demonstrate how they are striving to promote and protect the health of people in their own way.
What is on offer?
The Virtual Walk the Talk will be held over 16-17 May 2020, people invited to join in from their homes wherever they are globally.
It will offer opportunities for people to participate in a variety of virtual, timed events yoga, exercise classes for all ages and abilities, meditation, walking in place(or in locations within the guidelines of your national authorities). The aim is to get people moving for their own health and that of others.
Purposes of the event
●To encourage healthy lifestyles, not only in the context of COVID-19, but as a long-term strategy for good health.
●To recognize the sacrifice of health workers caring for us in our whole life. 2020 has been designated as the Year of the Nurse and Midwife, and we are seeing the global importance of health workers in the current response to COVID-19.
1. What is special about the 3rd Walk the Talk compared to the first two editions?
A. It appeals to many participants. B. It offers various events.
C. It is an online virtual event. D. It promotes health services.
2. Who is the 3rd Walk the Talk intended for?
A. Health experts from WHO. B. Governments fighting COVID-19.
C. Scientific medical organizations. D. Ordinary people around the world.
3. What does the event aim to do apart from advocating a healthy lifestyle?
A. To collect more financial supports.
B. To give special recognition to health workers.
C. To set up an organization for the COVID-19 issue.
D. To encourage the sacrifice of health workers.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了名为“3rd Walk the Talk：2020年人人健康挑战”的活动，介绍了活动举行方式、与前几次活动的差异和活动的目的。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中While the first two editions attracted thousands of participants in Geneva, we hope to reach more people during the virtual edition.可知虽然前两个版本在日内瓦吸引了数以千计的参与者，我们希望在此次虚拟版本中接触到更多的人。由此可知，与前两版相比，3rd Walk the Talk的特别之处是它一个在线虚拟活动。故选C。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段The event will also celebrate health and be a platform to promote the need for all people to have access to health services and for health champions to demonstrate how they are striving to promote and protect the health of people in their own way.可知该活动还将庆祝健康，并将成为一个平台，以促进所有人都有机会获得卫生服务，并让卫生冠军展示他们如何以自己的方式努力促进和保护人们的健康。以及第四段The Virtual Walk the Talk will be held over 16-17 May 2020, people invited to join in from their homes wherever they are globally.可知虚拟行走演讲将于2020年5月16日至17日举行，人们被邀请在全球各地的家中参加。由此可推知，3rd Walk the Talk针对的是世界各地的普通人。故选D。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中To recognize the sacrifice of health workers caring for us in our whole life.可知表彰医护人员在我们的一生中做出的牺牲。由此可知，除了倡导健康的生活方式外，这个活动的目的是特别表彰卫生工作者。故选B。
B
During the 1930s, the Great War broke out. A 25-year-old American soldier, probably never thought that his life would change forever when he volunteered to go to France.
One night while the American unit was returning to the base after a bloody fight, Suleyman stumbled into the ground and noticed a bit of movement from the bush. Being stuck between two choices either its enemy or an animal, Suleyman found a five-year-old girl from the bushes shivering with cold and utmost fear. Due to the atrocity of the war, the girl was abandoned by her family and the whole village was killed.
During the war, it was impossible to find the child’s family so Suleyman took this little French girl under his wings and gave her an American name Flora which means like the flower. Soon, Flora became the apple of the eye of everyone living in the army camp.
For one and a half years, Flora and Suleyman became inseparable; however, every fairy tale comes to an end. When the war ended, Suleyman was sent back to USA, while Flora was put in an orphanage, the Normandy School, which was founded by the American government for orphaned French children to have an education.
For years, Suleyman always thought about Flora. When the French National Olympic Team was playing in the Summer Olympics in Los Angeles in 1984, Suleyman gazed through the audience on TV, hoping to catch a glimpse of Flora, but he never could.
At the age of 85, Suleyman attended the 60th anniversary reception of the Great War where Suleyman shared his story with American and French officials. After hearing his story, a French journalist started to investigate the story, and all government files were read in detail. The moment the journalist helped dial the number, in tears, Flora said Suleyman was her hero, and everything came flooding back to her.
4. What does the underlined word “atrocity” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Cruelty. B. Challenge. C. Range. D. Stress.
5. Why did Suleyman watch 1984 Summer Olympics?
A. Because Flora might be in the French team.
B. Because Suleyman was greatly interested in sports.
C. Because Flora might be watching the event.
D. Because Suleyman wanted to travel to Los Angeles.
6. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Flora and Suleyman became attached to each other.
B. Flora was sent to an orphanage called Normandy.
C. Suleyman found some animals in the bush.
D. Suleyman would never see Flora again.
7. Which can serve as the best possible title for the text?
A. A Tough Flower in the War B. The Influence of the War
C. The Lost and Found Love D. The Apple of the Father's Eye
【答案】4. A 5. C 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了第一次世界大战爆发时，25岁的美国士兵苏莱曼救了一个女孩，取名弗洛拉。两人在一年半的时间里形影不离，直到弗洛拉被送入孤儿院，两人分开。在苏莱曼85岁的时候，参加了一战60周年纪念招待会，在那里，苏莱曼与美国和法国官员分享了他的故事。在听到他的故事后，一名法国记者开始调查此事，并详细阅读了所有的政府文件。记者帮忙拨通了弗洛拉的电话，两人再次取得了联系。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中“One night while the American unit was returning to the base after a bloody fight(一天晚上，当美军部队经过一场血腥的战斗返回基地时)”以及画线词后文“of the war, the girl was abandoned by her family and the whole village was killed”可知，这个女孩被家人抛弃，整个村庄的人都被杀了，可见战争血雨腥风、十分残酷，故画线词意思是“残酷”。A. Cruelty.残酷；B. Challenge.挑战；C. Range.范围；D. Stress.压力。故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“When the French National Olympic Team was playing in the Summer Olympics in Los Angeles in 1984, Suleyman gazed through the audience on TV, hoping to catch a glimpse of Flora, but he never could.( 1984年，法国国家奥运代表队在洛杉矶参加夏季奥运会时，苏莱曼盯着电视上的观众，希望能看一眼弗洛拉，但他一直没能看到)”可知，苏莱曼观看1984年夏季奥运会是因为弗洛拉可能在看比赛。故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“For one and a half years, Flora and Suleyman became inseparable(一年半的时间里，弗洛拉和苏莱曼形影不离)”可知，弗洛拉和苏莱曼相互依靠。故选A。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据讲述了第一次世界大战爆发时，25岁的美国士兵苏莱曼救了一个女孩，取名弗洛拉。两人在一年半的时间里形影不离，直到弗洛拉被送入孤儿院，两人分开。在苏莱曼85岁的时候，参加了一战60周年纪念招待会，在那里，苏莱曼与美国和法国官员分享了他的故事。在听到他的故事后，一名法国记者开始调查此事，并详细阅读了所有的政府文件。记者帮忙拨通了弗洛拉的电话，两人再次取得了联系。知，C选项“爱失而复得”最符合文章标题。故选C。
C
It's rare that you see the words "shyness" and "leader" in the same sentence. After all, the common viewpoint is that those outgoing and sociable guys make great public speakers and excellent net-workers and that those shy people are not. A survey conducted by USA Today referred to 65 percent of executives who believed shyness to be a barrier to leadership. Interestingly, the same article stresses that roughly 40 percent of leaders actually are quite shy—they're just better at adapting themselves to situational demands. Bill Gates, Warren Buffet and Charles Schwab are just a few "innies".
Unlike their outgoing counterparts who are more sensitive to rewards and risk-taking, shy people take a cautious approach to chance. Rather than the flashy chit-chat that defines social gathering, shy people listen attentively to what others say and absorb it before they speak. They're not thinking about what to say while the other person is still talking, but rather listening so they can learn what to say. Along the same lines, shy people share a common love of learning. They are intrinsically（内在地） motivated and therefore seek content regardless of achieving an outside standard.
Being shy can also bring other benefits. Remember being in school and hearing the same kids contribute, until shy little Johnny, who almost never said a word, cut in? Then what happened? Everyone turned around to look with great respect at little Johnny actually talking. This is how shy people made good use of their power of presence: they "own" the moment by speaking calmly and purposefully, which translate to a positive image.
Shyness is often related to modesty. Not to say that limelight-seekers aren't modest, but shy people tend to have an accurate sense of their abilities and achievements. As a result, they are able to acknowledge mistakes, imperfections, knowledge gaps and limitations.
Since shy people have a lower sensitivity to outside rewards than outgoing ones, they're more comfortable working with little information and sticking to their inner desires. Shy people are also more likely to insist on finding solutions that aren't primarily apparent. Don't believe me? Maybe you'll believe Albert Einstein, who once said, "It's not that I'm so smart, it's that I stay with problems longer." Obviously, finding certainty where uncertainty is typically popular is a huge plus for any successful person.
The myth that shy people are less effective leaders than their outgoing fellows is just a misunderstanding. Make wise use of your personality strengths to lead your business no matter what side of the range you fall on.
8. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that ___________.
A shy people are sensitive to rewards
B. shy people care more about content
C. outgoing people are more careful about chances
D. outgoing people consider what to learn while listening
9. The example of Johnny shows ____________.
A. shy people are likely to be modest
B. hardworking students speak little in public
C. some students keep silent on purpose at school
D. shy people may have an advantage in discussion
10. We can learn from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 that ____________.
A. success results from devotion B. shyness contributes to popularity
C. outside reward leads to insistence D. uncertainty counts more than certainty
11. The author supports his ideas mainly by ____________.
A. giving definitions and presenting research results
B. explaining problems and providing solutions
C. quoting authorities and making evaluations
D. making contrasts and giving examples
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要分析了生性害羞的人与外向的人相比有着一定的优势。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Rather than the flashy chit-chat that defines social gathering, shy people listen attentively to what others say and absorb it before they speak. They're not thinking about what to say while the other person is still talking, but rather listening so they can learn what to say.（害羞的人不像社交聚会那样浮华地闲聊，而是认真倾听别人说什么，并在他们开口之前就消化了。 当对方还在说话的时候，他们不会考虑说什么，而是倾听，这样他们就能学会说什么。） ”可知害羞的人很认真地听其他人所说的内容并消化吸收。他们认真地听是因为他们可以从别人所说的话中学到很多。这些都说明害羞的人实际上非常在意别人说话的内容。故选B项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“This is how shy people made good use of their power of presence：they "own" the moment by speaking calmly and purposefully, which translate to a positive image. （这就是害羞的人如何很好地利用他们的风度的力量：他们冷静而有目的性地说话，“拥有”这一刻，这转化为积极的形象。）”可知很害羞不愿意表达自己观点的Johnny一直都没有说话，但他突然插话，所有人都转身听他陈述观点，他镇定地陈述了自己的思想。这个例子说明因为害羞的人平时很少说话，但是一旦发表观点了，别人就很在意。在讨论中往往会有一点优势，故选D项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据前句“Shy people are also more likely to insist on finding solutions that aren't primarily apparent. （害羞的人更可能坚持找到并不是很明显的问题的解决方法。）”这说明害羞的人很专注于自己的问题。故选A项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。作者在文章中主要通过把害羞的人和外向的人进行比较，也通过举例说明的方法说明害羞的人在各方面都有一些优势。故选D项。
D
Tropical (热带) birds deep in Brazil’s Amazon rainforest are shrinking and developing longer wings as they adapt to climate change but why is something of a mystery.
Researchers have studied data for 77 tropical bird species over the past 40 years and found that all of them had lost body mass. Some species have been losing nearly 2 percent of their weight per decade.
Birds and mammals of the same species are generally larger at higher latitudes. The leading explanation is that their smaller surface-area-to-volume ratio (比率) allows them to better conserve heat. The opposite would help smaller species in hot climates to cool and could explain why birds are getting smaller as the climate warms, says Vitek Jirinec at the Integral Ecology Research Center in California, who led the analysis.
In line with this, the mean temperature of the birds' habitat today is 1℃ warmer in the wet season and 1.6℃ warmer in the dry season compared with 1966. Weather patterns are also more extreme, with 13 percent more rain falling in the wet season and 15 percent less in the dry season, and the birds lost mass more sharply after extremely dry or wet seasons.
This could suggest that body mass loss is partly a short-term response to changes in their environment rather than entirely down to evolution. For instance, a lack of rainfall could cause a decline in the number of insects that the birds feed on, say the researchers.
But none of this can explain the team's other main finding. Wingspan has become significantly larger in one-third of the bird species over the past 40 years. “Mass is a generally good measure of body condition in birds,” says Jirinec. “If they are simply not getting enough to eat, you would expect them to lose weight. But why would they have more energy to grow their wings?”
12. Why are some birds larger at higher latitudes?
A. To preserve heat. B. To find food better.
C. To fight against heat. D. To adapt to climate change.
13. On what condition do birds shrink faster?
A. When they are hungry. B. When there is less rain.
C. When they lose their habitat. D. When they experience extreme seasons.
14. What remains to be settled by researchers?
A. Why tropical birds develop longer wings. B. How Amazon rainforest is decreasing.
C. Why some birds are smaller in hot climates. D. How temperature of the birds' habitat changes.
15. Where is the text probably taken from?
A. A personal diary. B. A travel brochure. C. A science magazine. D. A science novel.
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. A 15. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项研究。研究发现：由于气候变化，亚马逊河流域的鸟类现在变小了。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Birds and mammals of the same species are generally larger at higher latitudes. The leading explanation is that their smaller surface-area-to-volume ratio (比率) allows them to better conserve heat. (同一物种的鸟类和哺乳动物在高纬度地区通常较大。主要的解释是，它们较小的表面积与体积比率使它们能够更好地保存热量)”可知，在高纬度地区的鸟更大的原因是为了保存热量，故选A项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Weather patterns are also more extreme, with 13 percent more rain falling in the wet season and 15 percent less in the dry season, and the birds lost mass more sharply after extremely dry or wet seasons. (天气模式也更加极端，雨季降雨增加13%，旱季减少15%，鸟类在极度干燥或潮湿季节后体重急剧下降)”可知，鸟在经历极度干燥或潮湿的极端季节时，体重急剧下降，变小的速度更快，故选D项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Tropical (热带的) birds deep in Brazil’s Amazon rainforest are shrinking and developing longer wings as they adapt to climate change but why is something of a mystery. (在巴西亚马逊雨林深处的热带鸟类正在萎缩并长出更长的翅膀，因为它们适应了气候变化，但为什么会如此，确是一个谜)”及最后一段“But none of this can explain the team's other main finding. Wingspan has become significantly larger in one-third of the bird species over the past 40 years. “Mass is a generally good measure of body condition in birds,” says Jirinec. “If they are simply not getting enough to eat, you would expect them to lose weight. But why would they have more energy to grow their wings?”(但这些都不能解释该团队的另一个主要发现。在过去的40年中，三分之一的鸟类物种的翼展已经显着扩大。Jirinec说：“体重通常是衡量鸟类身体状况的良好指标，如果它们只是吃不饱，你会期望它们减肥。但是，为什么它们会有更多的能量来长出翅膀呢？”)”可知，为什么鸟类体重变小了，翅膀却变长了，这个问题还有待解决。故选A项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据根据第一段“Tropical (热带的) birds deep in Brazil’s Amazon rainforest are shrinking and developing longer wings as they adapt to climate change but why is something of a mystery. (在巴西亚马逊雨林深处的热带鸟类正在萎缩并长出更长的翅膀，因为它们适应了气候变化，但为什么会如此，确是一个谜)”可知，这是一篇有关鸟类体型变化的科普文章，故最可能出自科学杂志。故选C项。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Defend Yourself Without Being Defensive
There’s a fine line between defending yourself and being defensive, but it makes a world of difference between ending and worsening a problem. If you regularly find yourself justifying yourself, blaming others, or trying to distract from the problem at hand, you may be on the defense. ___16___.
Keep calm in the moment
___17___. If you’re feeling wound up (生气), take a deep breath and resist the urge to say anything until you’ve had a chance to think it through. You’ll handle the situation better once you’ve had a moment to ease your tension. In many situations, it’s okay to be quiet for a moment. Not every conflict needs to be addressed immediately.
Wait to respond to the criticism
A rapid reaction is usually based only on emotions. Your immediate reaction might be defensive. Pause for a moment before you reply, and don’t interrupt or cut the other person off. ___18___. Cutting in with corrections or “That’s not true” shuts down further discussion.
___19___
An explanation can make it clearer to you what the problem is. If you don’t understand where the criticism is coming from, or if the person said something vague, respond to them with, “Can you explain?” or, “Could you tell me more?” ___20___. For example, instead of, “Don’t call my design ugly. I worked hard on that,” say, “What makes you say the design is ugly?” Or say something like, “What’s something we can do to fix that?”
A. Encourage the person to explain
B. Explain without defensive words
C. Let the person finish, even if he or she is wrong
D. Talking too much is not a good way to solve the problems
E. Getting angry or upset immediately tends to look defensive
F. This also gives you some time to breathe so you’re less likely to respond defensively
G. Fortunately, there are ways to find a solution to the problem without getting defensive about it
【答案】16. G 17. E 18. C 19. A 20. F
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三种消除戒备心理的自我保护方法。
【16题详解】
上文“There’s a fine line between defending yourself and being defensive, but it makes a world of difference between ending and worsening a problem. If you regularly find yourself justifying yourself, blaming others, or trying to distract from the problem at hand, you may be on the defense.( 为自己辩护和自我防卫之间有细微的差别，但是结束问题和恶化问题之间却有天壤之别。如果你经常发现自己在为自己辩护，责怪别人，或者试图从手头的问题上转移注意力，你可能处于防御状态。)”提到了几种容易产生心理戒备的情况，如“justifying yourself, blaming others, or trying to distract from the problem at hand”,结合下文黑体小标题，给出解决这些问题的方式，G项“幸运的是，有一些方式可以找到解决问题的方法，而不对其产生戒备”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。
【17题详解】
根据本段的小标题“Keep calm in the moment(在此刻保持冷静)”和下文“If you’re feeling wound up (生气), take a deep breath and resist the urge to say anything until you’ve had a chance to think it through.(如果你感到紧张，深吸一口气，在你有机会想清楚之前，克制自己不说话的冲动。)”讲如果你感到生气，深呼吸，在你有机会把它想通之前控制住(自己)要说话的冲动。因此推断E项“一生气或沮丧就会(让你)看起来是戒备的”与下文衔接紧密，符合语境，下文给出解决办法。故选E。
【18题详解】
本段的小标题是“Wait to respond to the criticism(回应批评时等待一会儿)”可知，本段建议不要立即回应批评，根据上文中的“Pause for a moment before you reply, and don’t interrupt or cut the other person off.(在回答之前稍作停顿，不要打断或打断对方。)”可知，不要打断或中止他人说话。因此推断C项“让这个人说完，即使他或者她是错误的”承接上文，符合语境。故选C。
【19题详解】
空格处是本段的小标题。根据下文“An explanation can make it clearer to you what the problem is. If you don’t understand where the criticism is coming from, or if the person said something vague, respond to them with, ‘Can you explain?’ or, ‘Could you tell me more?’(一个解释可以使你更清楚地知道问题是什么。如果你不明白批评的来源，或者那个人说了些模糊的话，你可以这样回答他们:“你能解释一下吗?”或者，“你能多告诉我一些吗?”)”可知，本段介绍了解释的重要性，一个解释可以让你更清楚问题所在。因此推断A项“鼓励人们去解释”符合本段主旨，适合作本段的小标题。故选A。
【20题详解】
上文“An explanation can make it clearer to you what the problem is. If you don’t understand where the criticism is coming from, or if the person said something vague, respond to them with, ‘Can you explain?’ or, ‘Could you tell me more?’(一个解释可以使你更清楚地知道问题是什么。如果你不明白批评的来源，或者那个人说了些模糊的话，你可以这样回答他们:“你能解释一下吗?”或者，“你能多告诉我一些吗?”)”讲解释可以让你更清楚问题所在，下文“For example, instead of, ‘Don’t call my design ugly. I worked hard on that,’ say, ‘What makes you say the design is ugly?’ Or say something like, ‘What’s something we can do to fix that?’(例如，不要说:“不要说我的设计丑。我在这方面很努力。”比如，“你为什么说这个设计很丑?”或者像这样说，“我们能做些什么来解决这个问题?”)”讲述了一些回应的例子，因此推断F项“这也给了你一些喘息的时间，这样你就不太可能怀着戒备的心理进行回应”承上启下，符合语境。故选F。
第三部分：语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节　(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The Kindness Tour Bus is hard to miss. Wishes for peace, happiness and kindness ____21____ nearly every inch of its blue outside surface. Bob Votruba is the man behind the ____22____. Often, he will stand with a sign on a street corner right outside his ____23____ vehicle, waving at every person who looks in his ____24____. “It just fills my heart when people are ____25____ with seeing the word ‘kindness’，” Votruba says. He tries to talk to everyone, ____26____ if it looks like they feel____27____ for a bad day. He tries to make those people smile.
The tour began when all of his children went to college, and he felt he had to take action. He ____28____ his car, furniture and most of his clothing to ____29____ this passion. Everything he owned was on his Kindness Tour Bus. The tour has continued since, based on his _____30_____ that it’s possible to _____31_____ kindness through words and actions. Actions can be as simple as a smile or a greeting or as _____32_____ as working with a charity.
“The _____33_____ of what I do is that there’s a certain amount of anonymity (匿名)，” he says. “If somebody’s really having a tough time, they may not want to _____34_____ it with their friends, brothers or sisters, but a(n) _____35_____ pulling into their town with the _____36_____.”
The Kindness Tour has already _____37_____ more than 10 years, and Votruba plans to _____38_____ going. He says there’s only one thing that could make him end this _____39_____. “Death，” he says. “My last _____40_____.”
21. A. dot B. paint C. cover D. dye
22. A. wheel B. screen C. brake D. counter
23. A. heavy­lift B. newly­built C. parked D. hired
24. A. imagination B. condition C. direction D. situation
25. A. familiar B. popular C. reasonable D. pleased
26. A. apparently B. especially C. abruptly D. merely
27. A. conservative B. exhausted C. cast down D. left out
28. A. ran out of B. got rid of C. took care of D. took possession of
29. A. follow B. claim C. control D. discover
30. A. belief B. interest C. promise D. memory
31. A. spread B. repay C. prove D. accept
32. A. unique B. innocent C. complex D. dynamic
33. A. beauty B. purpose C. restriction D. motivation
34. A. prevent B. witness C. share D. enjoy
35. A. stranger B. adventurer C. expert D. applicant
36. A. car B. vehicle C. bus D. train
37. A. waited B. competed C. spent D. lasted
38. A. keep on B. set about C. call for D. take in
39. A. challenge B. vacation C. tour D. game
40. A. chance B. boom C. attempt D. breath
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. C 24. C 25. D 26. B 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. A 31. A 32. C 33. A 34. C 35. A 36. C 37. D 38. A 39. C 40. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。Bob Votruba开着自己的善意旅行巴士，向人们传播善意和快乐。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：善良的旅游巴士不容错过，祥和、幸福、善良的祝愿几乎覆盖了它蓝色外表的每一寸土地。A. dot点缀；B. paint绘画；C. cover覆盖；D. dye染色。根据本句中的“every inch of its blue outside surface”可知，对和平、幸福和善良的祝愿几乎“覆盖”了巴士的整个表面。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Bob Votruba是驾驶人。A. wheel车轮；方向盘；B. screen屏幕；C. brake刹车；D. counter柜台。根据上文中的“Kindness Tour Bus”和下文中的“Often, he will stand with a sign on a street corner right outside his ____3____ vehicle,”可知，Bob Votruba是驾驶员。wheel与Bus和vehicle构成词汇同现。behind the wheel意为“驾驶”。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通常,他会站在他停放的车外的街角，向每一个看向他的人挥手。A. heavy­lift重型地；B. newly­built新建的；C. parked停放的；D. hired雇佣的。根据本句中的“Often, he will stand with a sign on a street corner”可知，Votruba常常举个牌子站在街角，所以可知，此时他的巴士是“停放着的”。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. imagination想象；B. condition条件；C. direction方向；D. situation情况。根据本句中的“Often, he will stand with a sign on a street corner”以及“waving at every person”可知，Votruba会向朝他这个“方向”看的每个人挥手。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Votruba说:“当人们看到善良这个词感到高兴时，我的心就充实了。”A. familiar熟悉的；B. popular受欢迎的 ；C. reasonable合理的；D. pleased开心的。根据本句中的“It just fills my heart”以及“seeing the word ‘kindness’”可知，人们看到“善良”这个词时感到很“开心”, Votruba也会觉得心里很充实。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他试着和每个人交谈, 特别是当他们看起来过得很糟糕的时候。A. apparently显然地；B. especially尤其；C. abruptly突然地；D. merely仅仅。句中“they feel____7____ for a bad day”中的they包含在everyone中，将这些人单独列出来是为了强调，四个选项中只有especially符合语境。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查形容词和短语词义辨析。句意：同上。A. conservative保守的；B. exhausted筋疲力尽的；C. cast down沮丧的；D. left out被冷落。根据下文“He tries to make those people smile.”可知，这些人感到沮丧。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他处理了他的汽车，家具和大部分的衣服来追随这种激情。A. ran out of用完；B. got rid of处理掉；抛弃；C. took care of照顾；D. took possession of支配。根据下文“Everything he owned was on his Kindness Tour Bus.”可知，这是指他把自己的汽车处理掉，换上了慈善旅游巴士。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. follow追求；跟踪；B. claim声称；C. control控制；D. discover发现。根据上文中的“and he felt he had to take action”以及下文中的“Everything he owned was on his Kindness Tour Bus.”可知，Votruba处理掉自己的汽车、家具和大部分衣服，去“追求”自己喜欢做的事。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，他的旅行一直在继续，因为他相信通过语言和行动可以传播善意。A. belief信念；B. interest兴趣；C. promise诺言；D. memory记忆。根据“it’s possible to ____11____ kindness through words and actions”可知，Votruba“相信”通过语言和行动可以传播善意。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. spread传播；B. repay偿还；C. prove证明；D. accept接受。根据本句中的“through words and actions”可知，Votrubs开启善意之能是因为他相信善意是可以通过言语和行为“传播”的。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：行动可以简单到一个微笑或一个问候, 也可以复杂到与慈善机构合作。A. unique独特的；B. innocent无辜的；C. complex复杂的；D. dynamic有活力的；D. simple简单的。根据本句中的“a smile or a greeting”以及“or as complex as working with a charity”可知，此处需填一个和simple表示相反意思的词，所以用complex。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我所做的事情的美妙之处在于有一定程度的匿名性，”他说。A. beauty美；B. purpose目的；C. restriction限制；D. motivation动力。根据本句中的“anonymity”以及下文引号中的内容“If somebody’s really having a tough time, they may not want to ____14____ it with their friends, brothers or sisters, but a(n) ____15____ pulling into their town with the ____16____.”可知，Votruba认为他所做的事情的“美妙之处 ”在于可以在一定程度上匿名。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“如果某人真的过得很艰难，他们可能不想和他们的朋友、兄弟姐妹分享, 但一个陌生人开着公共汽车进入他们的城镇。”A. prevent阻止；B. witness见证；C. share分享；D. enjoy享受。share sth. with sb.和某人分享某物。根据“If somebody’s really having a tough time,”可知，因为自己生活艰难，所以不会和他们的朋友、兄弟姐妹分享。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. stranger陌生人；B. adventurer冒险者；C. expert专家；D. applicant申请人。根据“If somebody’s really having a tough time, they may not want to ____14____ it with their friends, brothers or sisters, but a(n) ____15____ pulling into their town with the ____16____.”可知，他们也许愿意和一个开着巴士进城的陌生人分享。故选A。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. car汽车；B. vehicle交通工具；C. bus巴士；D. train火车。根据“The Kindness Tour Bus is hard to miss.”及全文可知，是文章主题词，在文中原词复现。故选C。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：慈善之旅已经持续了10多年，Votruba计划继续下去。A. waited等待；B. competed完成；C. spent花费；度过；D. lasted持续。根据句中“more than 10 years”可知，善意之旅持续了十多年。故选D。
【38题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. keep on坚持；B. set about着手做；C. call for呼吁；D. take in吸收。根据下文中的“He says there’s only one thing that could make him end this ____19____.”可知，Votruba会继续前行。故选A。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说只有一件事能让他结束这次旅行，“死亡”，他说。“我的最后一口气。”A. challenge挑战；B. vacation假期；C. tour旅行；D. game游戏。根据上文中的“The Kindness Tour”可知，此处应选tour。tour多次以原词形式复现，为本文主题词汇之一。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. chance机会；B. boom繁荣；C. attempt尝试；D. breath呼吸。此处进一步强调上文中的death，所以用breath，last breath与death构成同义复现。即他会直至他最后一口气才会结束他的旅行。故选D。
第二节　(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

With just over 600 day____41____(go) until the opening of the next Olympic and Paralympic Games, ____42____ official mascots of Paris 2024 have been revealed.
Now it’s time to meet the Phryges, the mascots for the Paris 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games, who have been tasked with an important mission: to show the world that sport can change everything and ____43____ it deserves to play a major role in society. Kain Phryges (pronounced fri-jeeuhs) are small Phrygian caps, ____44____ represent a strong symbol of liberty, and the ability of people ____45____ (undertake) great and meaningful responsibilities.
The Olympic Phryge is triangular in shape, and comes with friendly smile, blue eyes and big colored sneakers, the golden Paris 2024 logo ____46____ their chests, which is bound to gain high ____47____ (popular). The Paralympic version ____48____ (feature) a prosthetic leg (假肢) that goes to the knee. Ever since Shuss, a red, white and blue mascot on skis, appeared at the Olympic Grenoble 1968, mascots have been fun and ____49____ (festival) ambassadors of the Olympic Movement. “The mascots have always occupied a special place in the history of the Olympic and Paralympic Games,” said Paris 2024 president Tony Estanguet. “They form the emotional bond between the Games and the people, _____50_____ (contribute) to the atmosphere and high spirit in the stadiums.”Organizers said they want to deliver the idea that sport can change everything and that it deserves to have a leading place in the society through the mascots.
【答案】41. to go
42. the 43. that
44. which 45. to undertake
46. across##on
47. popularity
48. features
49. festive
50. contributing
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了2024年巴黎奥运会和残奥会的官方吉祥物。
【41题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：距离下一届奥运会和残奥会开幕仅剩600多天，2024年巴黎的官方吉祥物已经揭晓。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词。此处考查“with+宾语+宾语补足语”。根据句意“距离下一届奥运会和残奥会开幕仅剩600多天”，所以应用动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示将来的动作。故填to go。
【42题详解】
考查冠词。句意：同上。分析句子可知，空格处应填入冠词。根据句中“of Paris 2024”此处表示特指，应用定冠词。故填the。
【43题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：现在是时候见见巴黎2024年奥运会和残奥会的吉祥物Phryges了，它们肩负着一项重要使命：向世界展示体育可以改变一切以及它应该在社会中发挥重要作用。分析句子可知，句中show后跟了两个并列宾语从句。故此处应填入宾语从句的引导词，该宾语从句中不缺成分，也不缺任何含义，故用that引导。故填that。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：Kain Phriges是弗里吉亚语的小帽子，代表着自由和人们承担重大而有意义的责任的能力的强烈象征。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非限制性定语从句的关系词词。先行词是Phrygian caps，指物，且关系词在句中作主语，故用关系代词which引导。故填。
【45题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：同上。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作定语。修饰抽象名词ability应用动词不定式结构。故填to undertake。
【46题详解】
考查介词。句意：奥运会的Phryge是三角形的，面带友好的微笑，蓝色的眼睛和彩色的大运动鞋，胸前有金色的巴黎2024标志，这一定会获得很高的人气。分析句子可知，空格处应填入介词。根据句意，此处表示“胸前”，故可用介词across，表示“在（身体某部位）上”；也可用介词on，表示“在……上面”。故填across/on。
【47题详解】
考查名词。句意：同上。分析句子可知，空格处应填入名词作宾语。popular的名词形式为popularity，不可数名词，故填popularity。
【48题详解】
考查时态。句意：残奥会版本的特色是有一条伸到膝盖的假肢。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处应用一般现在时，主语是The Paralympic version，表示单数，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填features。
【49题详解】
考查形容词。句意：自从雪板上的红白蓝三色吉祥物Shuss出现在1968年的格勒诺布尔奥运会上以来，吉祥物一直是奥林匹克运动的趣味和节日大使。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词作定语修饰ambassadors。festival的形容词形式为festive，意为“节日的；喜庆的；欢乐的”。故填festive。
【50题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：它们形成了奥运会和人民之间的情感纽带，有助于体育场的气氛和喜气洋洋精神。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作状语。根据句意，此处作结果状语，且表示自然而然的结果，故用现在分词。故填contributing。
第四部分：写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节　短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下短文。短文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在此符号下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起) 不计分。
When George arrived in San Francisco, he went straightly to the hotel and drop his luggage. Then, he went explore in the city. The first thing was the ride on a cable car. He reached the top of the hill, from which he got a spectacular view of San Francisco Bay and the city. Built in 1873, the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie, who wanted to find a better mean of transport than horse-draw trams. Apparent, he was shocked when he saw a terrible accident, which a tram slipped down the hill dragging the horses with it. With so much exploring, he returned back to the hotel, exhausted but happy.
【答案】1.straightly→straight 2.drop→dropped 3.explore→exploring 4.ride前the→a
5.which→where 6.mean→means 7. horse-draw→horse-drawn 8.Apparent→Apparently 9.which 前加in；或which→where 10.去掉back
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了乔治到达旧金山旅游的经历。
【详解】1.考查副词。句意：当乔治到达旧金山时，他直接去了酒店并放下了行李。go straight to意为“直奔；径直走向”，straight 作副词，意为“直接地；径直地”。故将straightly改为straight。
2.考查时态。句意：同上。根据句中时间状语“When George arrived in San Francisco”可知，此处应用一般过去时，与动词went并列。故将drop改为dropped。
3.考查动名词。句意：然后，他去城里探索。go与动名词形式连用，常用于体育休闲活动的表达方式中。故将explore改为exploring。
4.考查冠词。句意：第一件事是乘坐缆车。ride意为“搭乘”，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，ride以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。故将the改为a。
5.考查定语从句。句意：他到达山顶，从那里可以看到旧金山湾和这座城市的壮观景色。此处应用“介词+where”引导定语从句，相当于from at the top of the hill。故将which改为where。
6.考查名词。句意：缆车系统建于1873年，由安德鲁·哈利迪发明，他想找到比马拉电车更好的交通工具。根据句意，此处表示“交通工具”，应用名词means，意为“方式；工具”。故将mean改为means 。
7.考查过去分词。句意：同上。horse-drawn意为“用马拖的”，常用作定语。故将horse-draw改为horse-drawn。
8.考查副词。句意：显然，当他看到一场可怕的事故时，他感到震惊，一辆电车拖着马从山上滑下来。此处应用副词作状语，修饰整个句子。故将Apparent改为Apparently。
9.考查定语从句。句意：同上。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为accident，关系词在句中作地点状语，故用关系副词或用“介词+which”结构。故将which改为where或在which前加in。
10.考查副词。句意：经过如此多的探索，他回到了酒店，疲惫不堪，但很开心。return意为“回；返回”，不与back连用。故将back删除。
第二节　书面表达(满分25分)
52. 假设你是李华，上周你班就“是否应该大力发展克隆技术”这一话题进行了热烈的讨论。请根据以下讨论的结果写一篇短文。
1. 62%赞成： 1) 可以克隆人体器官为医学所用；2)…
2. 38%反对： 1) 很多人提出道德上的异议； 2)…
3.你的观点……
器官：organ
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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【答案】One possible version:
Last week, our class held a heated discussion concerning whether cloning techniques should be developed. Opinions differ greatly from person to person.
68% of the students are in favor of its development. They hold the strong belief that cloning is bound to benefit the human being. As far as they are concerned, one of the advantages of cloning is that we can clone human body organs for medical use. In addition, it is because of cloning techniques that large quantities of food can be produced to meet people’s needs. On the contrary, 32% of them strongly object to it, for it has raised a storm of moral questions. Worse still, some evil leaders even want to clone themselves to attain their ambitions.
However, in my view, cloning will pay off as long as we undertake to use it properly.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于说明文，要求考生根据上周你班就“是否应该大力发展克隆技术”这一话题进行的热烈的讨论的结果写一篇短文。
【详解】1.词汇积累
关于：concerning→as to
在某人看来：as far as sb. be concerned→in one’s opinion
另外：in addition→what’s more
更糟糕的是：worse still→what’s worse
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Worse still, some evil leaders even want to clone themselves to attain their ambitions.
拓展句：What makes the matters worse is that some evil leaders even want to clone themselves to attain their ambitions.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Last week, our class held a heated discussion concerning whether cloning techniques should be developed. (运用了whether引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] They hold the strong belief that cloning is bound to benefit the human being. (运用了that引导的同位语从句)
听力答案：1—5 CBABA 6—10 CBABC 11—15 ACBCC 16—20 BBACB