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2022-2023学年广东省高二上学期期中三校联考英语试题（解析版）
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这是一份2022-2023学年广东省高二上学期期中三校联考英语试题（解析版），共31页。
2022学年第一学期期中三校联考
高二英语
(满分150分 考试用时120分钟)
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上;
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;回答非选择题时，请将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分听力(共两节，满分20分)
第一节(共5题，每小题1分，满分5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the man ask the woman to do?
A. Give him an address. B. Read him a postcard. C. Write a letter to Bob.
2. How much does it cost to park the car here now?
A. Two pounds. B. Four pounds. C. Six pounds.
3. What is Sam doing now?
A Watching videos.
B. Checking Facebook.
C. Putting pictures on the Internet.
4. What impressed the woman about Curzon Palace?
A. Its old houses. B. Its gardens. C. Its paintings.
5. What does the woman mean?
A It took her long to work out the math problem.
B. She can’t work out the math problem either.
C. She worked out the math problem easily.
第二节(共15题，每小题1分，满分15分)
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题5秒;听完后，各小题将给出5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is the possible relationship between the speakers?
A. Teacher and student. B. Doctor and patient. C. Classmates.
7. Why didn’t the man tell his parents about his backache?
A He didn’t think it serious.
B. He decided to see the doctor first.
C. He was in a hurry to go to school.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Where did the man find the sword?
A. By the riverside. B. On a bridge. C. Near the museum.
9. What does the woman suggest the man do?
A. Keep the sword. B. Phone the museum. C. Invite the experts.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What are the speakers mainly discussing?
A. Marketing skills. B. A personnel change. C. A goodbye party.
11. How do the speakers feel about Mr. Jordan’s quit?
A. Happy. B. Angry. C. Sad.
12. Who is the woman going to talk to next?
A. The personnel manager. B. The marketing manager. C. The company president.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What made the man decide to enter the race?
A. The influence from famous people.
B. The attitude of his friends.
C. The motivation to win.
14. Who accompanied the man during the training?
A. His friends. B. His coach. C. His father.
15. What did the man do after his training?
A. Play football. B. Play computer games. C. Have a bath
16. What can we learn about the man?
A. He was determined and organized.
B. He made his goals unmanageable.
C. He couldn’t get up because of the cold.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What is the purpose of the speaker’s summer job?
A. To make preparations for the major at university.
B. To get an idea of what they are learning.
C. To enrich their life during the summer.
18. What did the speaker think of working for free at first?
A. Shocking. B. Annoying. C. Disappointing.
19. Who offered the speaker the job?
A. His teacher. B. His dad C. His dad’s friend.
20. What does the speaker say about the work at the studio?
A. It’s highly paid.
B. It’s very hard to be completed.
C. It’s different from what is expected.
第二部分语法选择(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1. ______how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
A. Hearing B. Hear C. Having heard D. To be hearing
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：听听别人对你所读的书是如何评价的会给你带来额外的乐趣。分析句子成分，you have just read是book的定语从句，而根据creates这个动词的单三形式可以断定其是主句的谓语动词，那么空白处应是主句的主语，且表示一般的行为，应使用动名词的一般式。故选A。
【点睛】动名词作主语时，句子的谓语动词用单数。此题主要分析好句子成分，判断好主句的谓语，做题时要注意找出每个个动词的主语，这样就不难判断了。比如此题中的三个动词，react的主语是others，have read的主语是you，而只有creates没有主语，那么空白处就应是它的主语。
2. （2015·江苏）Much time ________sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
A. being spent B. having spent
C. spent D. spending
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：办公室工作人员坐在办公桌前的时间长，通常都会受到健康问题的困扰。分析句子结构可知，分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致，应用独立主格结构。分词主语和分词动作之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词。故选C项。
【点睛】考生要抓住非谓语动词考点做题重要原则：非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致，和句子主语构成主谓关系时用-ing形式，构成动宾关系是用-ed形式。其逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时，要在非谓语动词前加逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。
3. (2014·山东卷) It’s standard practice for a company like this one______ a security officer.
A. employed B. being employed
C. to employ D. employs
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：像这样的一家公司，雇佣安保人员是一个标准惯例。It为形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式to employ a security officer。故选C。
4. While waiting for the opportunity to get , Henry did his best to perform his duty.
A. promote B. promoted
C. promoting D. to promote
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在等待着背提拔的机会的时候，Herry全力以赴地尽好自己的责任。本题考查的非谓语动词的固定搭配“get+过去分词”，如“get burnt”被烫伤，get paid获得报酬；本句中的get promoted获得提拔。故B正确。
5. The engine just won’t start. Something seems ______ wrong with it.
A. to go B. to have gone
C. going D. having gone
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：引擎就是发动不起来，好像出了什么问题。seem之后常接不定式，表示“似乎怎么样了”，不接doing；出问题是发生在seem之前，所以要用不定式的完成式。
6. Young people may risk deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.
A. to go B. to have gone
C. going D. having gone
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果年轻人每天都暴露在非常吵闹的音乐声中，他们可能有耳朵失聪的危险。risk意为冒……的危险，用法为risk doing something，冒险干某事。故选C项。
7. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from in the South China Sea.
A. attacking B. having attacked C. being attacked D. having been attacked
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国最近加紧黄岩岛的水域控制来阻止中国渔船在中国南海被袭击。短语prevent sb from doing sth表示“阻止某人做某事”，本句中的fishing boats和attack是被动关系，应用being done形式。故选C。
8. ______struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son.
A. That B. It C. What D. Which
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：在这部电影中，我印象最深的是父亲对儿子的深爱。A. That那；B. It它；C. What什么；D. Which哪一个。分析句子结构，________ struck me most 是主语从句，且从句中缺少主语，空处应用what引导从句，表示“什么”。故选C项。
9. Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for _____Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.
A. what B. that
C. why D. how
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：读了她的传记，我对多丽丝·莱辛在文学上取得的成就赞叹不已。分析句子可知，本句为宾语从句，介词for后面是宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，故选A。
【点睛】宾语从句是名词性从句的一种，解答这类题目，关键在于分析清楚句子结构。确定这是什么从句，再通过判断从句中缺少的内容决定引导词在从句中所作的成分及意义，来选择正确的引导词。通常如果名词性从句缺少主语宾语和表语的时候用what连接。
10. You have to know _____________ you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
A. what B. that
C. where D. who
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：如果你已经计划好去那里的最佳方案，你必须知道你将要去哪里。分析句子分析可知：You have to know…后面是一个宾语从句。宾语从句的连接词有连接代词和连接副词，连接代词有：who, whom, whose, which, what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语，连接副词有：when, where, why, how，在句中担任状语的成分。由“You’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there”可知，应该用连接副词where来引导从句。故选C
11. (2014·四川) Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, ＂That’s _____________ I was born.＂
A. when B. how
C. why D. where
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：奶奶指着医院说，“那就是我出生的地方。系动词is后是表语从句，四个选项均为连接副词，故判断缺少状语，根据题干中给出的提示信息pointed to the hospital可知“奶奶”说的是出生的地点，故选D。”
12. Exactly______ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
A. whether B. why
C. when D. how
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句的连接词。句意：准确的说，土豆是什么时候被传到欧洲的还不确定，但是可能在1565年左右。此处when引导主语从句并在从句中作主语，在从句中作时间状语。故选C。
【点睛】从句分多种，主语从句在考试中也是很常见的，要注意主语是句子的一个重要成分，它可以由名词、代词、名词短语或句子充当。当一个句子充当主语时，这个句子就称之为主语从句。根据所选空在句中所作的成分来判断出是何种名词性从句。从而来选出合适的连接词。
13. （2014﹒北京）Some people believe ___________ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.
A. whatever B. whenever
C. whereever D. however
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：有些人认为以前或现在正在发生的事情将来还会重复发生。believe后接宾语从句，从句缺少主语，用whatever来充当主语。故选A。
14. From space, the earth looks blue.This is _______about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
A. why B. how
C. because D. whether
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】试题分析：考查表语从句。语境中“地球表面约71%被水覆盖”和“从太空上看，地球是蓝色的”之间是因果关系，故用because引导表语从句。
【名师点睛】连接表语从句的连接词有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether, how, whoever，whomever，whichever ，whatever等。还有如because, as if, as though等。解答这类题目，关键在于分析清楚句子结构。通过判断引导词在从句中所作的成分及意义，来选择正确的引导词。
15. Evidence has been found through years of study _______ children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.
A. whether B. how
C. that D. why
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：通过多年的研究已经发现了孩子们早期的睡眠问题可能随着长大会继续的证据。通过分析句子结构可知，这个句子中包含一个同位语从句，说明evidence的内容，用that连接同位语从句，that在同位语从句中不作任何成分，且没有实际意义，选C。
第三部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Welcome to Princeton
Princeton University is a vibrant community of scholarship and learning that enrolls students of all backgrounds and interests.Established in 1746, Princeton is the fourth- oldest college in the United States and is an independent institution that provides undergraduate and graduate instruction in the arts and humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, and engineering.As a renowned research university, Princeton seeks to achieve the highest levels in the discovery and spread of knowledge and understanding.Meanwhile, Princeton is distinctive among research universities in its commitment to undergraduate teaching.
Campus Life
A vast range of culturaL educational, athletic and social activities are available to Princeton students.Getting involved in campus life is the quickest way to become a part of the University community, and to create one's own Princeton experience. Campus life activities are built around the concepts of encouraging each community member to display his or her talents and to learn to respect all members of our community.
Iibrary
Princeton University Library consists of the Firestone Library and nine buildings across campus.The library's collections include more than 8 million books and impressive rare books, prints and other materials that require special handling.The
library's extensive electronic resources include databases and journals, images and digital maps.Exhibitions from the library's rich collections are free and open to the public.
Aid Program
Our aid program is designed to encourage all qualified students—regardless of financial circumstances to consider applying for admission to Princeton.Any family, who feels they need help to pay for a Princeton education is welcome to apply for aid.
For more information, please visit： http: // www.princeton.edu.
16. What makes Princeton University outstanding among research universities?
A. Its longest history.
B. Its higher level in discovery.
C. Its undergraduate teaching.
D. Its wide range of institutions.
17. What can you enjoy as a Princeton University student?
A. Free undergraduate education.
B Free membership of sports clubs.
C. Access to rare books and databases.
D. The quickest way to show the talents.
18. The aid program of Princeton University is intended for____________.
A. qualified students to pay for Princeton
B. any student from low-income families
C. every student admitted into university
D. graduated students majoring in Finance
【答案】16. C 17. C 18. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇广告应用文,主要介绍了普林斯顿大学的一些基本情况：开设课程，图书馆，援助项目等方面的特色以方便了解该校。
【16题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的 Princeton is distinctive among research universities in its commitment to undergraduate teaching普林斯顿大学因致力于本科生教学而在研究型大学中独树一帜。可知C选项的意思与之相符。故选C项。
【17题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章 第三段Library部分中的第2句，第3句The library’s collections include more than8 million books and impressive rare books, prints and other material that require special handling. The library’s extensive electronic resources include databases and journals, images and digital maps.(该图书馆的馆藏包括800多万册图书以及令人印象深刻的珍本书籍、印刷品和其他需要特殊处理的材料。图书馆广泛的电子资源包括数据库和期刊。图像和数字地图。) 可知作为普林斯顿大学的学生可以有机会了解到很多珍贵书籍。故选C项。由第四段Aid program 部分可知，研究生课程是需要付费的。故A项Free undergraduate education 错误。B项Free membership of sports clubs 未提及。D项The quickest way to show the talents.与文章第二段表述不一致。故D项错误。
【18题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段: Our aid program is designed to encourage all qualified students - regardless of financial circumstances-to consider applying for admission to Princeton. Any family. who feels they may need help to pay for a Princeton education is welcome to apply for aid.可知.不论经济状况如何凡需资助从而继续学业的该校学生均可申请经济援助。故选A项。
【点睛】推理判断题属于高层次的阅读理解题，解答此类题目要从整体上把握语篇内容，在理解语篇的表面意义与隐含意义的基础上进行深层推理，透过字里行间去体会作者的“弦外之音”。细节推断题属于期中考查频率较高的题型。
推理判断题干扰选项的特征
(1)曲解文意：即推测意义与文章表层意义有区别，推理判断题中有些选项来自文章中的某一句或某几句话，命题者可能会利用里面的字词设计出干扰项，看似表达文章的意思，其实是借题发挥，是对原文意思的曲解。
(2)张冠李戴：为了起到干扰的效果，高考命题人常用的一个手段就是张冠李戴，即通过使用原文中出现的词汇甚至句式，把本来适用于一种情况的内容移用到其他情况。
(3)颠倒是非：干扰项的内容常涉及原文中提及的一些内容或现象，但选项的意思却与原文恰恰相反。
(4)无中生有：这种类型的干扰项往往是基本的生活常识或普遍认可的观点，但在文章中并无相关的信息支撑点。另外，这种干扰项也有可能与设置的问题毫不相干。
文章第2小题属于推理判断题型中的细节推断：
2. What can you enjoy as a Princeton University student?
A. Free undergraduate education.
B. Free membership of sports clubs.
C. Access to rare books and databases.
D. The quickest way to show the talents.
分析：首先，根据题干可以确定此题为推理判断题。根据每个选项的关键词定位回到原文，再与四个选项进行一一比对：
A项为颠倒是非：由文章第四段Aid program 部分，研究生课程是需要付费的，条件合格者可以申请援助的。A项Free undergraduate education与其表述相反。
B项无中生有：文章并未提及免费的运动俱乐部。
C项为合理判断：根据文章 第三段Library部分中的第2句，第3句The library’s collections include more than8 million books and impressive rare books, prints and other material that require special handling. The library’s extensive electronic resources include databases and journals, images and digital maps.(该图书馆的馆藏包括800多万册图书以及令人印象深刻的珍本书籍、印刷品和其他需要特殊处理的材料。图书馆广泛的电子资源包括数据库和期刊。图像和数字地图。) 可知作为普林斯顿大学的学生可以有就会了解到很多珍贵书籍。
D项为曲解文意：由文章第二段Campus life activities are built around the concepts of encouraging each community member to display his or her talents and to learn to respect all members of our community. 校园生活活动的理念是鼓励每个社区成员展示自己的才能，并学会尊重我们社区的所有成员。可知，展示才能是校园活动的理念目的，并非D项The quickest way to show the talents。
B
Thirty-five years ago, with just one acre of land, a couple of seeds and a bucket of hope, one Nigerian-born scientist began his mission to defeat famine (饥荒) on his continent.
News of the drought across Africa in the early 1980s troubled Nzamujo. Equipped with a microbiology PhD and his faith, he travelled back to Africa. There, he found a continent ecologically rich, diverse and capable of producing food. He believes drought wasn’t the only reason for widespread hunger, and that sustainability had been left out.
Nzamujo began designing a “zero waste” agriculture system that would not only increase food security, but also help the environment and create jobs. In 1985, he started his sustainable farm “Songhai” in the West African country of Benin.
Nzamajo lives on the farm and constantly updates his techniques. He credits his degrees in science and engineering for Songhai’s success. But he also thanks his spiritual and cultural roots, and his father — a driving force in his life who encouraged him to pursue his studies to the highest degree and to use Songhai to share his knowledge.
Songhai has several “eco-literacy” development programs. They range from 18-month training courses for farmer-enterprisers, to shorter stays to learn techniques like weeding. People come from all over the world to study Nzamujo’s methods.
After seeing success on his first zero waste farm, he expanded throughout Benin and western Africa. Today, the Songhai model is applied across the continent, including Nigena. Uganda, Sierra Leone and Liberia, Nzamujo says they've trained more than 7.000 farmer-enterprisers and more than 30, 000 people in total since it began.
Nzamujo believes zero waste agriculture is now steadily tackling the issues he set out to defeat, hunger, unemployment and environmental declines. And he wants to see it go further.
19. Which factor related to famine was unnoticed in Nzamujo’s eyes?
A. Poor soil. B. Water shortage.
C. Lack of resources. D. Unsustainability.
20. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3?
A. Introduce a solution. B. Give examples to the readers.
C. Add some background information. D. Summarize the previous paragraphs.
21. How does Songhai help to ease the problem of famine?
A. By offering land. B. By trading seeds.
C. By educating farmers. D. By selling technology.
22. Which of the following best describes Nzamujo?
A. Critical and careful. B. Learned and responsible.
C. Optimistic and generous. D. Considerate and ambitious.
【答案】19. D 20. A 21. C 22. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了学识渊博且有责任心的Nzamujo博士回到非洲，设计“零浪费”农业系统，创立“松海”农场，帮助那里的人们缓解饥荒问题。
【19题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“There, he found a continent ecologically rich, diverse and capable of producing food. He believes drought wasn’t the only reason for widespread hunger, and that sustainability had been left out.(在那里，他发现了一个生态丰富多样，能够生产食物的大陆。他认为干旱并不是大范围饥饿的唯一原因，可持续性被人们忽略了)”可知，在Nzamujo看来，可持续性是被人们忽略了的造成饥荒的一个原因，换句话说，人们没有注意到农业的不可持续性问题。故选D项。
【20题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Nzamujo began designing a ‘zero waste’ agriculture system that would not only increase food security, but also help the environment and create jobs. In 1985, he started his sustainable farm ‘Songhai’ in the West African country of Benin.(Nzamujo开始设计一个“零浪费”农业系统，这不仅将提高粮食安全，而且有助于环境和创造就业机会。1985年，他在西非国家贝宁开办了他的可持续农场“松海”)”可推知，第三段介绍Nzamujo的解决方案，“零浪费”农业系统。故选A项。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“Songhai has several ‘eco-literacy’ development programs. They range from 18-month training courses for farmer-enterprisers, to shorter stays to learn techniques like weeding. People come from all over the world to study Nzamujo’s methods.(松海有几个“生态素养”发展项目。他们为农民企业家提供为期18个月的培训课程，和在短期内学习除草等技术。人们从世界各地赶来学习Nzamujo的方法)”可知，Songhai项目通过培训农民来帮助缓解饥荒问题。故选C项。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“News of the drought across Africa in the early 1980s troubled Nzamujo. Equipped with a microbiology PhD and his faith, he travelled back to Africa.(20世纪80年代早期，非洲各地发生干旱的消息令Nzamujo感到不安。带着微生物学博士学位和他的信仰，他回到了非洲)”可知，获得微生物学博士学位的Nzamujo得知非洲人民遭受饥荒时，带着自己的知识和信仰回到非洲，去帮助那里的人们。由此推知，Nzamujo不但学识渊博而且有责任心。故选B项。
C
Several years ago, Jeremy Clarkson, presenter of the famous BBC television programme ‘Top Gear’, discovered that one of his guests was half German and half Irish. Immediately, he said, “That’s quite a strange combination. It’s like, ‘this must be done absolutely perfectly… tomorrow’ ”.
This joke played on stereotypes of the Germans as efficient and the Irish as lazy. Many people could understandably be offended by these kinds of assertions(断言). We do not know every Irish person, so how can we then conclude that every Irish person is lazy?
I recently read on a website that Irish business people were described as being “generally rather casual” and “more outwardly friendly than many European countries”. German business people, on the other hand, are considered to be very direct and according to the website, they “do not need a personal relationship in order to do business”. Once you hear advice like this, it becomes easier to understand where jokes like the one in the first paragraph come from.
So why do some people disapprove of the kind of stereotypes as seen in Clarkson’s joke, but not batting an eyelid(眨眼) when it comes to generalizations. What is the difference between the two?
By definition, a stereotype is a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing. A cultural characteristic, on the other hand, is a pattern of behaviour that is typical of a certain group.
So what does this really mean? Stereotypes are simply overstated assumptions about groups of people. Imagine if a tourist visited a small town in Switzerland and saw a number of locals playing the alphorn instrument, and then claimed that Swiss people can play the alphorn. This would be a stereotype! This is an overstated image of the Swiss which is based on one tourist’s experience.
If, however, this tourist were to say that the Swiss are very punctual, this could be seen as a cultural characteristic. This is because it is a pattern of behaviour which is very typical in Switzerland: from their transport system to their business meetings. In this way, some people argue that generalizing another culture is not just useful, but important. Politicians always have to be mindful of the cultural characteristics of different countries. By becoming aware of different cultural characteristics, they can avoid causing offence in those cultures. However, others argue that generalizing cultures will always lead to offensive stereotypes. They argue that the best thing we can do is to stop generalizing cultures and start treating people as individuals.
All this raises important questions: can making generalizations about groups of people be a positive thing? Or should we always avoid making broad assumptions about different groups?
23. When he said, “It’s like, ‘this must be done absolutely perfectly…tomorrow’”, Jeremy Clarkson really meant ________.
A. the stereotypes of the Germans and the Irish are not so good
B. the combination of half German and half Irish is interesting
C. the characteristics of the Germans and the Irish are opposite
D. the Germans will do it perfectly tomorrow while the Irish won’t
24. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The Swiss can play the alphorn quite well.
B. The Irish people are considered as lazy, direct and casual.
C. The Germans are thought to be efficient, friendly and direct.
D. The Swiss tend to arrive on time on various occasions.
25. Politicians think it important to generalize another culture because ________.
A. they don’t want to offend other people
B. generalizing will lead to offensive stereotypes
C. cultural characteristics are better than stereotypes
D. they think different cultural characteristics are useful
26. The main purpose of this passage is to ________.
A. illustrate the importance of making generalizations
B. show it is wrong to play jokes on stereotypes of different people
C. tell us the differences between stereotypes and cultural characteristics
D. discuss whether it is good to make generalizations about groups of people
【答案】23. C 24. D 25. A 26. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。由于文化、习俗习惯的不同，不同的民族总是有其独有的特点，文章讨论了是否需要对民族特性作概括。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“That’s quite a strange combination. It’s like, ‘this must be done absolutely perfectly… tomorrow’(那是一个相当奇怪的组合。‘这就像，这必须做得绝对完美……明天’)”和第二段“This joke played on stereotypes of the Germans as efficient and the Irish as lazy.(这个笑话是针对德国人效率高、爱尔兰人懒惰的刻板印象)”可知，人们认为德国人效率高、爱尔兰人懒惰，是很奇怪的组合，可得出作者说这句话是为了表明人们对德国人和爱尔兰人的印象是相反的。故选C。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“If, however, this tourist were to say that the Swiss are very punctual, this could be seen as a cultural characteristic. This is because it is a pattern of behaviour which is very typical in Switzerland: from their transport system to their business meetings.(然而，如果这位游客说瑞士人非常守时，这可以被视为一种文化特征。这是因为这是一种在瑞士非常典型的行为模式:从他们的交通系统到他们的商务会议)”可知，守时是瑞士人的典型文化特征，所以瑞士人往往在各种场合都准时到达。故选D。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Politicians always have to be mindful of the cultural characteristics of different countries. By becoming aware of different cultural characteristics, they can avoid causing offence in those cultures.(政治家总是要注意不同国家的文化特点。通过了解不同的文化特征，他们可以避免冒犯那些文化)”可知，通过对不同的民族特征做了解和掌握，就不会冒犯别人了。故选A。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章内容，尤其是最后一段“All this raises important questions: can making generalizations about groups of people be a positive thing? Or should we always avoid making broad assumptions about different groups?(所有这些都提出了重要的问题：对人群进行概括是否是一件积极的事情？还是我们应该总是避免对不同的群体做出广泛的假设？)”可知，文章主要讨论了是否需要对民族特性作概括，即讨论对人群进行概括是否有益。故选D。
D
To show empathy is to identify with another’s feelings. It is to emotionally put yourself in the place of another. The ability to empathize is directly dependent on your ability to feel your own feelings and identify them.
If you have never felt a certain feeling, it will be hard for you to understand how another person is feeling. If you have never put your hand in a flame, you will not know the pain of fire. If you have not experienced jealousy, you will not understand its power. Reading about a feeling and intellectually knowing about it is very different than actually experiencing it for yourself.
Among those with an equal level of emotional intelligence, the person who has actually experienced the widest range and variety of feelings — the great depths of depression and the heights of fulfillment, for example, — is the one who is most able to empathize. On the other hand, when we say that someone “can’t relate” to other people, it is likely because they haven’t experienced, acknowledged or accepted many feelings of their own.
Once you have felt discriminated against, for example, it is much easier to relate with someone else who has been discriminated against. Our innate emotional intelligence gives us the ability to quickly recall those instances and form associations when we encounter discrimination again. We then can use the “reliving” of those emotions to guide our thinking and actions. This is one of the ways nature slowly evolves towards a higher level of survival.
For this process to work, the first step is that we must be able to experience our own emotions. This means we must be open to them and not distract ourselves from them or try to numb ourselves from our feelings through drugs, alcohol, etc.
Next, we need to become aware of what we are actually feeling — to acknowledge, identify, and accept our feelings. Only then can we empathize with others. That is one reason why it is important to work on your own emotional awareness and sensitivity — in other words, to be “in touch with” your feelings.
27. How does the author explain the feelings of empathy?
A. By giving examples. B. By having classification.
C. By making comparison. D. By providing data.
28. Which statement may the author agree with?
A. Low level of empathy leads to fewer varieties of feelings.
B. The deeper one’s feelings are, the more empathetic one is.
C. Empathy is a way we recently picked up for better survival.
D. Rich experiences may not go with a high level of empathy.
29. What’s the purpose of the last two paragraphs of the text?
A. To advise a sincere attitude to one’s experiences.
B. To suggest a right understanding of empathy.
C. To require a real bond with one’s emotions.
D. To call for true acceptance of one’s feelings.
30. What is the best title for the text?
A. How Empathy Unfolds B. Be Open to Your Emotions
C. Why Is Empathy Important D. Accept Your True Self
【答案】27. A 28. D 29. C 30. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是同理心，以及如何对别人具有同理心。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章第二段“If you have never put your hand in a flame, you will not know the pain of fire. If you have not experienced jealousy, you will not understand its power. (如果你从来没有把你的手放在火焰中，你就不会知道被火烧的疼痛。如果你没有经历过嫉妒，你就不会理解它会产生什么影响)”可推知，作者通过举例说明解释什么是同理心。故选A项。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章第三段“Among those with an equal level of emotional intelligence, the person who has actually experienced the widest range and variety of feelings — the great depths of depression and the heights of fulfillment, for example, — is the one who is most able to empathize. On the other hand, when we say that someone “can’t relate” to other people, it is likely because they haven’t experienced, acknowledged or accepted many feelings of their own. (在那些情商水平相同的人中，真正经历过最广泛、最丰富的情感的人——比如说，经历过极度抑郁和高度满足感的人——是最能感同身受的人。另一方面，当我们说某人与他人“无法联系”时，很可能是因为他们没有经历、承认或接受自己的许多感受)”可知，影响同理心的因素有两个——丰富的情感和相似的经历，由此推知，作者认为丰富的经历可能并不一定意味着有高度的同理心。故选D项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Next, we need to become aware of what we are actually feeling — to acknowledge, identify, and accept our feelings. (接下来，我们需要意识到我们实际的感受——承认、认同和接受我们的感受)”可推知，文章最后两段呼吁大家真正接受自己的感受，才能做到对他人产生共情。故选C项。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，再结合文章最后一段“Only then can we empathize with others. (只有这样，我们才能同情他人)”可推知，本文主要介绍了如何对他人具有同理心。A项“同理心如何展现”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选A项。
第二节七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Throughout my life, there is one teacher who really impresses me. ____31____ .
My time in 8th grade felt like forever because you just want to be in high school already. Math you just wanted to sleep, science you wanted to cry, social studies you would wish for it to be over, but English class would just make up for the whole day. Mrs. Thomas would actually make me want to stay awake in her class. It was like she actually understood us and knew how to keep our full attention. Every day I couldn’t wait to go to her class. ____32____ You could talk to her like she was your friend and not your boss.
____33____ Like in the beginning of the year she made us take pictures of ourselves and write goals of what you wanted for the school year. Every day, when you would come into class, you would look at your goals and see if you achieve any; it was pretty smart. I remember she also made us write a letter to ourselves in the beginning of the year. We opened them at the end of the year to see how much we changed. It was like she was trying to push us to be able to complete those goals, so that later on in life we can use that ability again. ____34____ If you wanted an A, you had to work for that A.
Mrs. Thomas not only got us ready for high school but also really prepared me for life in the future. ____35____
A. The following is a class she taught us.
B. She made me realize how interesting learning can be.
C. She often made us struggle for what we dreamed of in life.
D. I remember how much fun it was to do activity in her class.
E. She would wake me up when I sometimes slept in her class.
F. She would make jokes that would relate to the lesson and please us.
G. I’m just waiting for the next teacher who can affect my life and me as a person.
【答案】31. B 32. F 33. D 34. C 35. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一位让作者印象深刻的老师。
【31题详解】
根据上文“Throughout my life, there is one teacher who really impresses me.(在我的一生中，有一位老师让我印象深刻。)”可知，空处解释这位老师如何令作者印象深刻。B项：She made me realize how interesting learning can be.(她让我意识到学习是多么有趣。)符合语境。故选B。
【32题详解】
根据上文“Every day I couldn’t wait to go to her class.(每天我都迫不及待地想去上她的课。)”可知，空处解释说明喜欢上老师课的原因，F项中的“the lesson ”和上文的“her class”对应。F项：She would make jokes that would relate to the lesson and please us.(她会讲一些与课程有关的笑话，让我们高兴。)符合语境。故选F。
【33题详解】
根据下文“Like in the beginning of the year she made us take pictures of ourselves and write goals of what you wanted for the school year. Every day, when you would come into class, you would look at your goals and see if you achieve any; it was pretty smart.( 像在年初，她让我们拍自己的照片，为本学年写你想要的目标。每天，当你来上课的时候，你会看看你的目标，看看你是否实现了；这很聪明。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是这位老师在课堂上进行的一些活动。D项：I remember how much fun it was to do activity in her class.(我还记得在她的课上做活动是多么有趣。)符合语境。故选D。
【34题详解】
根据上文“It was like she was trying to push us to be able to complete those goals, so that later on in life we can use that ability again. (就好像她在努力推动我们去完成那些目标，这样我们在以后的生活中就可以再次使用这种能力。)”和下文“If you wanted an A, you had to work for that A.( 如果你想要一个A，你必须为它努力。)”可知，这位老师让作者他们为了梦想而奋斗。C项中的“made us struggle ”和上文的“push us ”对应。C项：She often made us struggle for what we dreamed of in life.(她经常让我们为生活中的梦想而奋斗。)符合语境。故选C。
【35题详解】
根据上文“Mrs. Thomas not only got us ready for high school but also really prepared me for life in the future.( 托马斯夫人不仅让我们为高中生活做好了准备，也为我未来的生活做好了准备。)”可知，空处表示作者期待未来也能遇到这样的好老师。G项：I’m just waiting for the next teacher who can affect my life and me as a person.(我只是在等待下一个可以影响我的生活和我作为一个人的老师)符合语境。故选G。
第四部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节完形填空(共15题;每小题1分，满分15分。)
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In life, do you choose to take the road everyone has taken, or do you choose the path that is best for you? It might be ____36____ to choose what everyone has done, especially if it seemed to work for them. But is that what truly ____37____ for you?
On a recent hiking ____38____, my partner and I decided to take a popular trail in the ____39____ direction. This was an old, well-traveled trail that people had been hiking and biking from A to Z for years. For our own reasons, we chose to travel from Z to A. Going backwards made more sense with my ____40____. The trip would take several days and going backwards ____41____ that I would end the trip closer to the airport for my flight home.
As my partner and I walked, everyone crossing our path had something to say, “You're going the wrong way. Are you lost? Are you returning ____42____ you forgot something? Are you crazy? The path occasionally crossed a ____43____. When it did, even passing cars beeped to ____44____ us in the “right” direction.
Why did people only see one way? Because that's what everyone does? Because that's how it's always been done? We even ____45____ to talk to a Danish woman who said, “We have a(n) ____46____ in my country: when you go backwards to everyone else, it's because you're avoiding something.” I couldn't believe it. We were just enjoying connecting with nature, hiking the way that best ____47____ us. Had we gone the “wrong” way? No. At least, not for us.
I decided to ____48____ the path I chose. ____49____, we had an amazing experience. Choosing the “wrong” path was right for me. When your inner ____50____ tells you something is right (or wrong), listen to it. It's your instinct. It's speaking to you for a reason and it knows, better than anyone, what's best for you.
36. A. anxious B. normal C. awkward D. impressive
37. A. designs B. plans C. works D. prepares
38. A. race B. test C. project D. trip
39. A. opposite B. wrong C. common D. accessible
40. A. emotion B. target C. schedule D. request
41. A. supposed B. ensured C. provided D. permitted
42. A. if B. because C. while D. yet
43. A. plain B. valley C. trail D. highway
44. A. point B. inspire C. protect D. support
45. A. expected B. stopped C. agreed D. hesitated
46. A. saying B. point C. myth D. spell
47. A. instructed B. confused C. offered D. suited
48. A. show off B. think over C. pick out D. stick to
49. A. Probably B. Hopefully C. Eventually D. Knowingly
50. A. desire B. feeling C. voice D. reaction
【答案】36. B 37. C 38. D 39. A 40. C 41. B 42. B 43. D 44. A 45. B 46. A 47. D 48. D 49. C 50. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者和伙伴在最近的一次徒步旅行中，选择了相反的方向。每个人都说他们走错了，但是最终，他们有了一次奇妙的经历。作者认为当你内心的声音告诉你什么是对的或错的，听从它。这是你的本能。它和你说话是有原因的，它比任何人都清楚，什么对你最好。
【36题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：选择每个人都做过的事情可能是正常的，特别是如果它看起来对他们有用的话。A. anxious焦虑的；B. normal正常的；C. awkward尴尬的；D. impressive印象深刻的。根据后文“to choose what everyone has done”可知，选择每个人都做过的事情可能是正常的。故选B。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这真的适合你吗？A. designs设计；B. plans计划；C. works工作，起作用；D. prepares准备。根据上文“it seemed to work for them”可知此处指选择每个人都做过的事情是否对自己起作用。故选C。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在最近的一次徒步旅行中，我和我的伙伴决定选择一条相反方向的流行路线。A. race比赛；B. test测试；C. project项目；D. trip旅行。呼应后文“The trip would take several days”指徒步旅行。故选D。
【39题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在最近的一次徒步旅行中，我和我的伙伴决定选择一条相反方向的流行路线。A. opposite相反的；B. wrong错误的；C. common普通的；D. accessible可到达的。根据后文“This was an old, well-traveled trail that people had been hiking and biking from A to Z for years. For our own reasons, we chose to travel from Z to A.”可知，作者他们选择了相反反向的路线。故选A。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：倒回去对我的日程安排更有意义。A. emotion情感；B. target目标；C. schedule计划；D. request要求。根据后文“I would end the trip closer to the airport for my flight home”可知倒着走会在离机场更近的地方结束旅行，所以是对日程安排有意义。故选C。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这趟旅行要花上几天的时间，倒着走可以确保我在离机场更近的地方结束旅程，以便搭飞机回家。A. supposed认为；B. ensured确保；C. provided提供；D. permitted允许。根据后文“that I would end the trip closer to the airport for my flight home”可知倒着走可以确保作者在离机场更近的地方结束旅程，以便搭飞机回家。故选B。
【42题详解】
考查连接词词义辨析。句意：你回来是因为忘了什么吗？A. if如果；B. because因为；C. while然而；D. yet但是。根据语境可知，此处引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”应用because。故选B。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这条小路偶尔与公路相交。A. plain平原；B. valley山谷；C. trail足迹；D. highway公路。根据后文“even passing cars”可知，这条小路偶尔与公路相交。故选D。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当它出现时，就连过往的车辆也会鸣叫，给我们指出“正确”的方向。A. point指向；B. inspire鼓舞；C. protect保护；D. support支持。根据后文“us in the “right” direction”可知，汽车鸣笛是为了指出正确的方向。故选A。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们甚至停下来和一位丹麦妇女交谈，她说：“我们国家有一个说法：当你回到其他所有人身边时，那是因为你在逃避什么。”A. expected期待；B. stopped停止；C. agreed同意；D. hesitated犹豫。根据后文“to talk to a Danish woman”可知，作者当时在徒步旅行中，所以是停下来和一位丹麦妇女交谈。故选B。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们甚至停下来和一位丹麦妇女交谈，她说：“我们国家有一个说法：当你回到其他所有人身边时，那是因为你在逃避什么。”A. saying格言；B. point要点；C. myth神话；D. spell咒语。根据后文“when you go backwards to everyone else, it's because you're avoiding something”可知，此处指丹麦妇女国家的一句格言。故选A。
47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们只是享受与大自然的联系，以最适合我们的方式徒步旅行。A. instructed指示；B. confused使迷惑；C. offered提供；D. suited适合。根据上文“We were just enjoying connecting with nature, hiking the way that best”可知，作者认为徒步旅行是最适合他们的旅行方式。故选D。
【48题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我决定坚持我选择的道路。A. show off炫耀；B. think over仔细考虑；C. pick out指出；D. stick to坚持。根据后文“the path I chose”可知，作者选择坚持选择的道路。故选D。
【49题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，我们有了一次奇妙的经历。A. Probably可能；B. Hopefully有希望地；C. Eventually终于；D. Knowingly故意地。根据后文“we had an amazing experience”可知，此处作者在总结这次徒步旅行，他们最终有了一次奇妙的经历。故选C。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你内心的声音告诉你什么是对的或错的，听从它。A. desire渴望；B. feeling感觉；C. voice声音；D. reaction反应。根据后文“tells you something is right (or wrong), listen to it”可知，此处指人内心的声音，应用voice。故选C。
第Ⅱ卷
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The world’s oceans reached their hottest level in recorded history last year, supercharging (加剧) extreme weather events, scientists have reported. They found that the five hottest recorded years in the oceans ___51___(occur) since 2015, and that the rate of heating since 1986 was eight times higher than ___52___ from 1960-85. Oceans cover 71% of the planet and water can absorb thousands of times more heat than air, ___53___ is why 93% of global heating is taken up by seas.
Hotter oceans destroy rainfall patterns, which ___54___(lead) to floods, droughts and wildfires. Heat also causes seawater ___55___ (expand) and drives up sea levels. Scientists expect about one metre of sea level rise by the end of the century, ___56___(threaten) 150 million people. Higher temperatures in the seas are also harming marine (海洋的) life, with ___57___ number of ocean heatwaves increasing ___58___(sharp).
The study also finds that the sinking of surface waters and upwelling of deeper water is reducing as the seas heat up. This means the surface layers heats up even further and fewer nutrients for marine life are brought up from the ___59___(deep).
“The oceans reached yet another new record level of warmth in 2020,____60____ a record drop in global carbon emissions (排放). The planet will continue to warm up as long as we emit carbon into the atmosphere,” said Prof Michael Mann of Penn State University.
【答案】51. had occurred
52. that 53. which
54. leads 55. to expand
56. threatening
57. the 58. sharply
59. depths 60. despite
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了全球海平面上升的现状和其所带来的危害。
【51题详解】
考查动词和时态。句意：他们发现，海洋有记录以来最热的5年发生在2015年之后，1986年以来的升温速度1960-1985年的8倍。句子表述的事情发生在2015年之后的5年，即在过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填had occurred。
【52题详解】
考查代词。句意：他们发现，海洋有记录以来最热的5年发生在2015年之后，1986年以来的升温速度1960-1985年的8倍。本处是并列成分（主语之间）的比较，than后用that代替主语the rate of heating。故填that。
【53题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：海洋覆盖了地球的71%，水吸收的热量是空气的数千倍，这就是为什么全球93%的热量都来自海洋。本处是非限定性定语从句，空处是引导词，指代前面整个句子，用which。故填which。
【54题详解】
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：更热的海洋破坏了降雨模式，会导致洪水、干旱和野火。本句是非限定性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，故谓语用单数形式；从句表述客观真理，用一般现在时。故填leads。
【55题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：高温还会导致海水膨胀，使海平面上升。cause sb. to do是固定用法，译为“导致……做某事”。故填to expand。
【56题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家预计，到本世纪末，海平面将上升约1米，威胁到1.5亿人。本句已有谓语，空处用非谓语；sea level rise与threaten之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。故填threatening。
【57题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：更高的海洋温度也在伤害海洋生物，海洋热浪的数量急剧增加。本处表示“……的数量”，用固定搭配the number of。故填the。
【58题详解】
考查副词。句意：更高的海洋温度也在伤害海洋生物，海洋热浪的数量急剧增加。空处缺副词作状语，修饰形容词increasing。故填sharply。
【59题详解】
考查名词。句意：这意味着表层温度进一步升高，海洋生物从深处获得的营养物质更少。空处填名词作介词 from的宾语；根据英文提示，空处填表示“深处”的词，用depth的复数形式depths。故填depths。
【60题详解】
考查介词。句意：2020年，尽管全球碳排放出现了创纪录的下降，但海洋温度又达到了创纪录的水平。空处表示“尽管”，后接名词性短语，可用despite。故填despite。
第五部分写作(共三节，满分35分)
第一节单词拼写(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
用选择性必修一Unit 4、Unit 5及选择性必修二Unit 1、Unit 2 单词表上词汇的正确形式填空，使句子意思完整。
61. There is little doubt that the committee will give whole-hearted a__________ to the project, so you can make preparations for it now.(根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】approval##pproval
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：毫无疑问，委员会会全心全意地批准这个项目，所以你现在就可以做好准备了。设空处为宾语，应用名词形式，根据首字母和句意可知是approval。意为“赞成，批准”，故填approval。
62. Your time could be usefully e__________ in attending to professional matters rather than handling such trivial affairs. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】employed##mployed
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：你的时间可以有效地用来处理专业事务，而不是处理这些琐碎的事情。短语be employed in，意为“从事于，用于”，符合句意和语境，故填employed。
63. Scientists say there is no c__________ evidence that power lines have anything to do with cancer. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】convincing##onvincing
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：科学家说，没有令人信服的证据表明电线与癌症有任何关系。分析句子可知空处缺形容词作定语修饰后面的名词evidence；修饰物要用以-ing为结尾的形容词；根据英文提示的，故填convincing。
64. Faced with COVID-19, we have no a__________ but to take care of ourselves to prevent it. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】alternative##lternative
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：面对新冠肺炎疫情，我们除了好好照顾自己来预防它之外别无选择。结合句意及首字母提示可知，alternative可供选择的事物，可数名词，此处用单数形式。故填alternative。
65. While this brand will be s__________ more expensive, it lasts a lot longer. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】slightly##lightly
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：虽然这个牌子稍微更贵一点，但它的使用时间要长得多。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用副词slightly，修饰形容词比较级more expensive，作状语。故填slightly
66. The museum collection portrays the heritage of 200 years of canals __________ (生动地), which is well worth a visit. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】vividly
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：博物馆的藏品生动地展现了200年的运河遗产，非常值得一看。设空处修饰谓语动词portrays，应用副词形式，根据汉语提示和句意，故填vividly。
67. I can still __________ (记起) your saying to me that you were going to be a mechanic after graduation and now here you are. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】recall
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：我仍然能记起你对我说过你毕业后要当机械师，现在你实现了梦想。分析句子可知空处填谓语动词；表示“记起”可用recall；情态动词后接动词原形；故填recall。
68. People tend to forget the truth that one experience doesn’t __________ (使有资格) a person to speak as an authority. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】qualify
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：人们往往会忘记一个事实，即一段经历不能作为权威说话。设空处接在助动词doesn’t 后，应用动词原形，根据汉语提示和句意，故填qualify。
69. __________ to crimes and accidents caused parents to deprive children of free play, which is now proved to make children more resilient. (揭露) (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】Exposure
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：揭露犯罪和事故致使父母剥夺了儿童玩耍的自由，现在证明这能使孩子更有韧性。空处应填名词作主语，结合汉语提示可知，exposure暴露，揭发，不可数名词，首字母应大写。故填Exposure。
70. It shocked everyone present that the event developed in a _________ different way. (戏剧般地) (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】dramatically
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：让在场的人都震惊的是，这个事件以一种戏剧般地不同的方式发展。设空处修饰形容词different作状语，应用副词形式，故填dramatically。
第二节完成句子(共10空;每空1分，满分10分)
用选择性必修一Unit4、Unit5及选择性必修二Units 1—2单词表上词组的正确形式填空，使句子意思完整。
71. 在这期间，她得到了所有人的信任，结果被委任为员工的负责人。
During that time, she gained everyone’s confidence so that she was put________________the staff.
【答案】in charge of
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。“负责”使用固定短语in charge of，故填in charge of。
72. 最重要的是，社会需要鼓励公民们自主合作的精神。
And________________, society needs to encourage the spirit of voluntary cooperation in its citizens.
【答案】above all
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。“最重要的是”使用固定短语above all，故填above all。
73. 一个人在新的环境下舒服自在时，他的潜力更可能展示出来。
When________________in new surroundings, one is more likely to show potentials.
【答案】feeling at ease
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。表示“感到舒服自在”可用固定短语feel at ease；在本处的时间状语从句中，从句与主句的主语一致，且主语相同时，省略主语和be动词，还原后为；when one is feeling at ease。故填feeling at ease。
74. 相比之下，由于疫情，全世界的教育经费降低了。
________________, expenditure on education has decreased worldwide due to the pandemic.
【答案】By comparison/contrast
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。根据句意可知，设空处意为相比之下，可用短语by comparison或者by contrast，位于句首，首字母大写，故填By comparison/contrast。
75. 他对自己将余生献给科学研究事业感到自豪。
He felt proud of the rest of his life________________scientific investigation.
【答案】devoted to
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。表示“把……献于……”可用固定短语devote to；本处表述事情已发生，用一般过去时；故填devoted to。
76. 博物馆展出的展览包括50幅油画和水彩画。
The exhibition displayed at the museum________________50 oils and watercolors.
【答案】was comprised of
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。根据句意可知，设空处意为包括，可用短语be comprised of，描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，主语是The exhibition，谓语用第三人称单数，故填was comprised of。
77. 增加生产反过来会增加利润。
Increased production will,________________, lead to increased profits.
【答案】in turn
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。根据句意可知，设空处意为反过来，用短语in turn，故填in turn。
78. 据说最近她因工作压力身体垮掉了。
It is said that her health ________________ under the pressure of work.
【答案】has broken down
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。“身体垮掉”使用动词短语break down，结合句意可知，此处表示过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，从句主语health是不可数名词，助动词用has，故填has broken down。
79. 换句话说，通过努力，任何障碍都可以被克服。
________________, with great efforts any obstacle can be overcome.
【答案】In other words
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。根据句意，可知设空处意为换句话说，应用短语in other words，位于句首，首字母大写，故填In other words。
80. 讲座最好的部分是在场的观众积极地参与了演讲者设计的任何一个活动。
The best part of the lecture was that the audience present actively ________________ any activity designed by the speaker.
【答案】got involved in
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。“参与”使用动词短语get involved in，由主句中的was可知，此处是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填got involved in。
第三节书面表达(满分15分)
81. 假如你叫李华，寒假期间要去英国Embassy English Language School (EELS) 进行短期学习。以下是英方学校寄给你的课程安排选择表，请你仔细阅读课程表，按要求给校方回一封信。
Schedule for EELS Winter English Courses
English courses
Total hours of study
Total hours of part-time job
Date
Three-week course
60
24
February 1- February 21
Two-week course
30
No job but tour instead
February 1- February 24
写作要点:
1.在以上两种课程中任选一种并说出理由；
2.你现今的英语水平及哪些具体的语言技巧需要得到提高；
3.其它的个人要求。
写作要求：
1.80-100词；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Sir/Madam,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Sir/Madam,
Thank you for giving me the schedule for winter English courses in your school. I’m writing to tell you my choice and my personal needs.
I prefer the two-week course because it will give me more time to do some travelling and allow me to make new friends as well.
Of all the subjects I’m learning at school, I like English best, which I have been learning for at least 6 years. I don’t have much difficulty reading and listening, but my spoken English remains poor. Therefore, I am eager to take this opportunity to improve it. If possible, I’d like to stay with a family for a couple of days so that I can practice my spoken English more as well as know more about some British customs.
I firmly believe that I will have a wonderful time this winter with your help. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生阅读英方学校寄来的课程安排选择表，按要求给校方回一封信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
也：as well→too
因此：therefore→as a consequence
机会：opportunity→chance
帮助：help→assistance
2.句式拓展
同义句转化
原句：I don’t have much difficulty reading and listening, but my spoken English remains poor.
拓展句：Though I don’t have much difficulty reading and listening, my spoken English remains poor.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Of all the subjects I’m learning at school, I like English best, which I have been learning for at least 6 years.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】If possible, I’d like to stay with a family for a couple of days so that I can practice my spoken English more as well as know more about some British customs.（运用了so that引导的目的状语从句）
听力答案:1-5. ABCBC 6-10. CAABB 11-15. CABCB 16-20. AABCC
2022学年第一学期期中三校联考
高二英语
(满分150分 考试用时120分钟)
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上;
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;回答非选择题时，请将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分听力(共两节，满分20分)
第一节(共5题，每小题1分，满分5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the man ask the woman to do?
A. Give him an address. B. Read him a postcard. C. Write a letter to Bob.
2. How much does it cost to park the car here now?
A. Two pounds. B. Four pounds. C. Six pounds.
3. What is Sam doing now?
A Watching videos.
B. Checking Facebook.
C. Putting pictures on the Internet.
4. What impressed the woman about Curzon Palace?
A. Its old houses. B. Its gardens. C. Its paintings.
5. What does the woman mean?
A It took her long to work out the math problem.
B. She can’t work out the math problem either.
C. She worked out the math problem easily.
第二节(共15题，每小题1分，满分15分)
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题5秒;听完后，各小题将给出5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is the possible relationship between the speakers?
A. Teacher and student. B. Doctor and patient. C. Classmates.
7. Why didn’t the man tell his parents about his backache?
A He didn’t think it serious.
B. He decided to see the doctor first.
C. He was in a hurry to go to school.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Where did the man find the sword?
A. By the riverside. B. On a bridge. C. Near the museum.
9. What does the woman suggest the man do?
A. Keep the sword. B. Phone the museum. C. Invite the experts.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What are the speakers mainly discussing?
A. Marketing skills. B. A personnel change. C. A goodbye party.
11. How do the speakers feel about Mr. Jordan’s quit?
A. Happy. B. Angry. C. Sad.
12. Who is the woman going to talk to next?
A. The personnel manager. B. The marketing manager. C. The company president.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What made the man decide to enter the race?
A. The influence from famous people.
B. The attitude of his friends.
C. The motivation to win.
14. Who accompanied the man during the training?
A. His friends. B. His coach. C. His father.
15. What did the man do after his training?
A. Play football. B. Play computer games. C. Have a bath
16. What can we learn about the man?
A. He was determined and organized.
B. He made his goals unmanageable.
C. He couldn’t get up because of the cold.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What is the purpose of the speaker’s summer job?
A. To make preparations for the major at university.
B. To get an idea of what they are learning.
C. To enrich their life during the summer.
18. What did the speaker think of working for free at first?
A. Shocking. B. Annoying. C. Disappointing.
19. Who offered the speaker the job?
A. His teacher. B. His dad C. His dad’s friend.
20. What does the speaker say about the work at the studio?
A. It’s highly paid.
B. It’s very hard to be completed.
C. It’s different from what is expected.
第二部分语法选择(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1. ______how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
A. Hearing B. Hear C. Having heard D. To be hearing
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：听听别人对你所读的书是如何评价的会给你带来额外的乐趣。分析句子成分，you have just read是book的定语从句，而根据creates这个动词的单三形式可以断定其是主句的谓语动词，那么空白处应是主句的主语，且表示一般的行为，应使用动名词的一般式。故选A。
【点睛】动名词作主语时，句子的谓语动词用单数。此题主要分析好句子成分，判断好主句的谓语，做题时要注意找出每个个动词的主语，这样就不难判断了。比如此题中的三个动词，react的主语是others，have read的主语是you，而只有creates没有主语，那么空白处就应是它的主语。
2. （2015·江苏）Much time ________sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
A. being spent B. having spent
C. spent D. spending
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：办公室工作人员坐在办公桌前的时间长，通常都会受到健康问题的困扰。分析句子结构可知，分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致，应用独立主格结构。分词主语和分词动作之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词。故选C项。
【点睛】考生要抓住非谓语动词考点做题重要原则：非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致，和句子主语构成主谓关系时用-ing形式，构成动宾关系是用-ed形式。其逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时，要在非谓语动词前加逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。
3. (2014·山东卷) It’s standard practice for a company like this one______ a security officer.
A. employed B. being employed
C. to employ D. employs
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：像这样的一家公司，雇佣安保人员是一个标准惯例。It为形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式to employ a security officer。故选C。
4. While waiting for the opportunity to get , Henry did his best to perform his duty.
A. promote B. promoted
C. promoting D. to promote
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在等待着背提拔的机会的时候，Herry全力以赴地尽好自己的责任。本题考查的非谓语动词的固定搭配“get+过去分词”，如“get burnt”被烫伤，get paid获得报酬；本句中的get promoted获得提拔。故B正确。
5. The engine just won’t start. Something seems ______ wrong with it.
A. to go B. to have gone
C. going D. having gone
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：引擎就是发动不起来，好像出了什么问题。seem之后常接不定式，表示“似乎怎么样了”，不接doing；出问题是发生在seem之前，所以要用不定式的完成式。
6. Young people may risk deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.
A. to go B. to have gone
C. going D. having gone
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果年轻人每天都暴露在非常吵闹的音乐声中，他们可能有耳朵失聪的危险。risk意为冒……的危险，用法为risk doing something，冒险干某事。故选C项。
7. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from in the South China Sea.
A. attacking B. having attacked C. being attacked D. having been attacked
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国最近加紧黄岩岛的水域控制来阻止中国渔船在中国南海被袭击。短语prevent sb from doing sth表示“阻止某人做某事”，本句中的fishing boats和attack是被动关系，应用being done形式。故选C。
8. ______struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son.
A. That B. It C. What D. Which
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：在这部电影中，我印象最深的是父亲对儿子的深爱。A. That那；B. It它；C. What什么；D. Which哪一个。分析句子结构，________ struck me most 是主语从句，且从句中缺少主语，空处应用what引导从句，表示“什么”。故选C项。
9. Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for _____Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.
A. what B. that
C. why D. how
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：读了她的传记，我对多丽丝·莱辛在文学上取得的成就赞叹不已。分析句子可知，本句为宾语从句，介词for后面是宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，故选A。
【点睛】宾语从句是名词性从句的一种，解答这类题目，关键在于分析清楚句子结构。确定这是什么从句，再通过判断从句中缺少的内容决定引导词在从句中所作的成分及意义，来选择正确的引导词。通常如果名词性从句缺少主语宾语和表语的时候用what连接。
10. You have to know _____________ you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
A. what B. that
C. where D. who
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：如果你已经计划好去那里的最佳方案，你必须知道你将要去哪里。分析句子分析可知：You have to know…后面是一个宾语从句。宾语从句的连接词有连接代词和连接副词，连接代词有：who, whom, whose, which, what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语，连接副词有：when, where, why, how，在句中担任状语的成分。由“You’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there”可知，应该用连接副词where来引导从句。故选C
11. (2014·四川) Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, ＂That’s _____________ I was born.＂
A. when B. how
C. why D. where
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：奶奶指着医院说，“那就是我出生的地方。系动词is后是表语从句，四个选项均为连接副词，故判断缺少状语，根据题干中给出的提示信息pointed to the hospital可知“奶奶”说的是出生的地点，故选D。”
12. Exactly______ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
A. whether B. why
C. when D. how
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句的连接词。句意：准确的说，土豆是什么时候被传到欧洲的还不确定，但是可能在1565年左右。此处when引导主语从句并在从句中作主语，在从句中作时间状语。故选C。
【点睛】从句分多种，主语从句在考试中也是很常见的，要注意主语是句子的一个重要成分，它可以由名词、代词、名词短语或句子充当。当一个句子充当主语时，这个句子就称之为主语从句。根据所选空在句中所作的成分来判断出是何种名词性从句。从而来选出合适的连接词。
13. （2014﹒北京）Some people believe ___________ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.
A. whatever B. whenever
C. whereever D. however
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：有些人认为以前或现在正在发生的事情将来还会重复发生。believe后接宾语从句，从句缺少主语，用whatever来充当主语。故选A。
14. From space, the earth looks blue.This is _______about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
A. why B. how
C. because D. whether
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】试题分析：考查表语从句。语境中“地球表面约71%被水覆盖”和“从太空上看，地球是蓝色的”之间是因果关系，故用because引导表语从句。
【名师点睛】连接表语从句的连接词有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether, how, whoever，whomever，whichever ，whatever等。还有如because, as if, as though等。解答这类题目，关键在于分析清楚句子结构。通过判断引导词在从句中所作的成分及意义，来选择正确的引导词。
15. Evidence has been found through years of study _______ children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.
A. whether B. how
C. that D. why
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：通过多年的研究已经发现了孩子们早期的睡眠问题可能随着长大会继续的证据。通过分析句子结构可知，这个句子中包含一个同位语从句，说明evidence的内容，用that连接同位语从句，that在同位语从句中不作任何成分，且没有实际意义，选C。
第三部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Welcome to Princeton
Princeton University is a vibrant community of scholarship and learning that enrolls students of all backgrounds and interests.Established in 1746, Princeton is the fourth- oldest college in the United States and is an independent institution that provides undergraduate and graduate instruction in the arts and humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, and engineering.As a renowned research university, Princeton seeks to achieve the highest levels in the discovery and spread of knowledge and understanding.Meanwhile, Princeton is distinctive among research universities in its commitment to undergraduate teaching.
Campus Life
A vast range of culturaL educational, athletic and social activities are available to Princeton students.Getting involved in campus life is the quickest way to become a part of the University community, and to create one's own Princeton experience. Campus life activities are built around the concepts of encouraging each community member to display his or her talents and to learn to respect all members of our community.
Iibrary
Princeton University Library consists of the Firestone Library and nine buildings across campus.The library's collections include more than 8 million books and impressive rare books, prints and other materials that require special handling.The
library's extensive electronic resources include databases and journals, images and digital maps.Exhibitions from the library's rich collections are free and open to the public.
Aid Program
Our aid program is designed to encourage all qualified students—regardless of financial circumstances to consider applying for admission to Princeton.Any family, who feels they need help to pay for a Princeton education is welcome to apply for aid.
For more information, please visit： http: // www.princeton.edu.
16. What makes Princeton University outstanding among research universities?
A. Its longest history.
B. Its higher level in discovery.
C. Its undergraduate teaching.
D. Its wide range of institutions.
17. What can you enjoy as a Princeton University student?
A. Free undergraduate education.
B Free membership of sports clubs.
C. Access to rare books and databases.
D. The quickest way to show the talents.
18. The aid program of Princeton University is intended for____________.
A. qualified students to pay for Princeton
B. any student from low-income families
C. every student admitted into university
D. graduated students majoring in Finance
【答案】16. C 17. C 18. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇广告应用文,主要介绍了普林斯顿大学的一些基本情况：开设课程，图书馆，援助项目等方面的特色以方便了解该校。
【16题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的 Princeton is distinctive among research universities in its commitment to undergraduate teaching普林斯顿大学因致力于本科生教学而在研究型大学中独树一帜。可知C选项的意思与之相符。故选C项。
【17题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章 第三段Library部分中的第2句，第3句The library’s collections include more than8 million books and impressive rare books, prints and other material that require special handling. The library’s extensive electronic resources include databases and journals, images and digital maps.(该图书馆的馆藏包括800多万册图书以及令人印象深刻的珍本书籍、印刷品和其他需要特殊处理的材料。图书馆广泛的电子资源包括数据库和期刊。图像和数字地图。) 可知作为普林斯顿大学的学生可以有机会了解到很多珍贵书籍。故选C项。由第四段Aid program 部分可知，研究生课程是需要付费的。故A项Free undergraduate education 错误。B项Free membership of sports clubs 未提及。D项The quickest way to show the talents.与文章第二段表述不一致。故D项错误。
【18题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段: Our aid program is designed to encourage all qualified students - regardless of financial circumstances-to consider applying for admission to Princeton. Any family. who feels they may need help to pay for a Princeton education is welcome to apply for aid.可知.不论经济状况如何凡需资助从而继续学业的该校学生均可申请经济援助。故选A项。
【点睛】推理判断题属于高层次的阅读理解题，解答此类题目要从整体上把握语篇内容，在理解语篇的表面意义与隐含意义的基础上进行深层推理，透过字里行间去体会作者的“弦外之音”。细节推断题属于期中考查频率较高的题型。
推理判断题干扰选项的特征
(1)曲解文意：即推测意义与文章表层意义有区别，推理判断题中有些选项来自文章中的某一句或某几句话，命题者可能会利用里面的字词设计出干扰项，看似表达文章的意思，其实是借题发挥，是对原文意思的曲解。
(2)张冠李戴：为了起到干扰的效果，高考命题人常用的一个手段就是张冠李戴，即通过使用原文中出现的词汇甚至句式，把本来适用于一种情况的内容移用到其他情况。
(3)颠倒是非：干扰项的内容常涉及原文中提及的一些内容或现象，但选项的意思却与原文恰恰相反。
(4)无中生有：这种类型的干扰项往往是基本的生活常识或普遍认可的观点，但在文章中并无相关的信息支撑点。另外，这种干扰项也有可能与设置的问题毫不相干。
文章第2小题属于推理判断题型中的细节推断：
2. What can you enjoy as a Princeton University student?
A. Free undergraduate education.
B. Free membership of sports clubs.
C. Access to rare books and databases.
D. The quickest way to show the talents.
分析：首先，根据题干可以确定此题为推理判断题。根据每个选项的关键词定位回到原文，再与四个选项进行一一比对：
A项为颠倒是非：由文章第四段Aid program 部分，研究生课程是需要付费的，条件合格者可以申请援助的。A项Free undergraduate education与其表述相反。
B项无中生有：文章并未提及免费的运动俱乐部。
C项为合理判断：根据文章 第三段Library部分中的第2句，第3句The library’s collections include more than8 million books and impressive rare books, prints and other material that require special handling. The library’s extensive electronic resources include databases and journals, images and digital maps.(该图书馆的馆藏包括800多万册图书以及令人印象深刻的珍本书籍、印刷品和其他需要特殊处理的材料。图书馆广泛的电子资源包括数据库和期刊。图像和数字地图。) 可知作为普林斯顿大学的学生可以有就会了解到很多珍贵书籍。
D项为曲解文意：由文章第二段Campus life activities are built around the concepts of encouraging each community member to display his or her talents and to learn to respect all members of our community. 校园生活活动的理念是鼓励每个社区成员展示自己的才能，并学会尊重我们社区的所有成员。可知，展示才能是校园活动的理念目的，并非D项The quickest way to show the talents。
B
Thirty-five years ago, with just one acre of land, a couple of seeds and a bucket of hope, one Nigerian-born scientist began his mission to defeat famine (饥荒) on his continent.
News of the drought across Africa in the early 1980s troubled Nzamujo. Equipped with a microbiology PhD and his faith, he travelled back to Africa. There, he found a continent ecologically rich, diverse and capable of producing food. He believes drought wasn’t the only reason for widespread hunger, and that sustainability had been left out.
Nzamujo began designing a “zero waste” agriculture system that would not only increase food security, but also help the environment and create jobs. In 1985, he started his sustainable farm “Songhai” in the West African country of Benin.
Nzamajo lives on the farm and constantly updates his techniques. He credits his degrees in science and engineering for Songhai’s success. But he also thanks his spiritual and cultural roots, and his father — a driving force in his life who encouraged him to pursue his studies to the highest degree and to use Songhai to share his knowledge.
Songhai has several “eco-literacy” development programs. They range from 18-month training courses for farmer-enterprisers, to shorter stays to learn techniques like weeding. People come from all over the world to study Nzamujo’s methods.
After seeing success on his first zero waste farm, he expanded throughout Benin and western Africa. Today, the Songhai model is applied across the continent, including Nigena. Uganda, Sierra Leone and Liberia, Nzamujo says they've trained more than 7.000 farmer-enterprisers and more than 30, 000 people in total since it began.
Nzamujo believes zero waste agriculture is now steadily tackling the issues he set out to defeat, hunger, unemployment and environmental declines. And he wants to see it go further.
19. Which factor related to famine was unnoticed in Nzamujo’s eyes?
A. Poor soil. B. Water shortage.
C. Lack of resources. D. Unsustainability.
20. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3?
A. Introduce a solution. B. Give examples to the readers.
C. Add some background information. D. Summarize the previous paragraphs.
21. How does Songhai help to ease the problem of famine?
A. By offering land. B. By trading seeds.
C. By educating farmers. D. By selling technology.
22. Which of the following best describes Nzamujo?
A. Critical and careful. B. Learned and responsible.
C. Optimistic and generous. D. Considerate and ambitious.
【答案】19. D 20. A 21. C 22. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了学识渊博且有责任心的Nzamujo博士回到非洲，设计“零浪费”农业系统，创立“松海”农场，帮助那里的人们缓解饥荒问题。
【19题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“There, he found a continent ecologically rich, diverse and capable of producing food. He believes drought wasn’t the only reason for widespread hunger, and that sustainability had been left out.(在那里，他发现了一个生态丰富多样，能够生产食物的大陆。他认为干旱并不是大范围饥饿的唯一原因，可持续性被人们忽略了)”可知，在Nzamujo看来，可持续性是被人们忽略了的造成饥荒的一个原因，换句话说，人们没有注意到农业的不可持续性问题。故选D项。
【20题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Nzamujo began designing a ‘zero waste’ agriculture system that would not only increase food security, but also help the environment and create jobs. In 1985, he started his sustainable farm ‘Songhai’ in the West African country of Benin.(Nzamujo开始设计一个“零浪费”农业系统，这不仅将提高粮食安全，而且有助于环境和创造就业机会。1985年，他在西非国家贝宁开办了他的可持续农场“松海”)”可推知，第三段介绍Nzamujo的解决方案，“零浪费”农业系统。故选A项。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“Songhai has several ‘eco-literacy’ development programs. They range from 18-month training courses for farmer-enterprisers, to shorter stays to learn techniques like weeding. People come from all over the world to study Nzamujo’s methods.(松海有几个“生态素养”发展项目。他们为农民企业家提供为期18个月的培训课程，和在短期内学习除草等技术。人们从世界各地赶来学习Nzamujo的方法)”可知，Songhai项目通过培训农民来帮助缓解饥荒问题。故选C项。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“News of the drought across Africa in the early 1980s troubled Nzamujo. Equipped with a microbiology PhD and his faith, he travelled back to Africa.(20世纪80年代早期，非洲各地发生干旱的消息令Nzamujo感到不安。带着微生物学博士学位和他的信仰，他回到了非洲)”可知，获得微生物学博士学位的Nzamujo得知非洲人民遭受饥荒时，带着自己的知识和信仰回到非洲，去帮助那里的人们。由此推知，Nzamujo不但学识渊博而且有责任心。故选B项。
C
Several years ago, Jeremy Clarkson, presenter of the famous BBC television programme ‘Top Gear’, discovered that one of his guests was half German and half Irish. Immediately, he said, “That’s quite a strange combination. It’s like, ‘this must be done absolutely perfectly… tomorrow’ ”.
This joke played on stereotypes of the Germans as efficient and the Irish as lazy. Many people could understandably be offended by these kinds of assertions(断言). We do not know every Irish person, so how can we then conclude that every Irish person is lazy?
I recently read on a website that Irish business people were described as being “generally rather casual” and “more outwardly friendly than many European countries”. German business people, on the other hand, are considered to be very direct and according to the website, they “do not need a personal relationship in order to do business”. Once you hear advice like this, it becomes easier to understand where jokes like the one in the first paragraph come from.
So why do some people disapprove of the kind of stereotypes as seen in Clarkson’s joke, but not batting an eyelid(眨眼) when it comes to generalizations. What is the difference between the two?
By definition, a stereotype is a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing. A cultural characteristic, on the other hand, is a pattern of behaviour that is typical of a certain group.
So what does this really mean? Stereotypes are simply overstated assumptions about groups of people. Imagine if a tourist visited a small town in Switzerland and saw a number of locals playing the alphorn instrument, and then claimed that Swiss people can play the alphorn. This would be a stereotype! This is an overstated image of the Swiss which is based on one tourist’s experience.
If, however, this tourist were to say that the Swiss are very punctual, this could be seen as a cultural characteristic. This is because it is a pattern of behaviour which is very typical in Switzerland: from their transport system to their business meetings. In this way, some people argue that generalizing another culture is not just useful, but important. Politicians always have to be mindful of the cultural characteristics of different countries. By becoming aware of different cultural characteristics, they can avoid causing offence in those cultures. However, others argue that generalizing cultures will always lead to offensive stereotypes. They argue that the best thing we can do is to stop generalizing cultures and start treating people as individuals.
All this raises important questions: can making generalizations about groups of people be a positive thing? Or should we always avoid making broad assumptions about different groups?
23. When he said, “It’s like, ‘this must be done absolutely perfectly…tomorrow’”, Jeremy Clarkson really meant ________.
A. the stereotypes of the Germans and the Irish are not so good
B. the combination of half German and half Irish is interesting
C. the characteristics of the Germans and the Irish are opposite
D. the Germans will do it perfectly tomorrow while the Irish won’t
24. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The Swiss can play the alphorn quite well.
B. The Irish people are considered as lazy, direct and casual.
C. The Germans are thought to be efficient, friendly and direct.
D. The Swiss tend to arrive on time on various occasions.
25. Politicians think it important to generalize another culture because ________.
A. they don’t want to offend other people
B. generalizing will lead to offensive stereotypes
C. cultural characteristics are better than stereotypes
D. they think different cultural characteristics are useful
26. The main purpose of this passage is to ________.
A. illustrate the importance of making generalizations
B. show it is wrong to play jokes on stereotypes of different people
C. tell us the differences between stereotypes and cultural characteristics
D. discuss whether it is good to make generalizations about groups of people
【答案】23. C 24. D 25. A 26. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。由于文化、习俗习惯的不同，不同的民族总是有其独有的特点，文章讨论了是否需要对民族特性作概括。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“That’s quite a strange combination. It’s like, ‘this must be done absolutely perfectly… tomorrow’(那是一个相当奇怪的组合。‘这就像，这必须做得绝对完美……明天’)”和第二段“This joke played on stereotypes of the Germans as efficient and the Irish as lazy.(这个笑话是针对德国人效率高、爱尔兰人懒惰的刻板印象)”可知，人们认为德国人效率高、爱尔兰人懒惰，是很奇怪的组合，可得出作者说这句话是为了表明人们对德国人和爱尔兰人的印象是相反的。故选C。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“If, however, this tourist were to say that the Swiss are very punctual, this could be seen as a cultural characteristic. This is because it is a pattern of behaviour which is very typical in Switzerland: from their transport system to their business meetings.(然而，如果这位游客说瑞士人非常守时，这可以被视为一种文化特征。这是因为这是一种在瑞士非常典型的行为模式:从他们的交通系统到他们的商务会议)”可知，守时是瑞士人的典型文化特征，所以瑞士人往往在各种场合都准时到达。故选D。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Politicians always have to be mindful of the cultural characteristics of different countries. By becoming aware of different cultural characteristics, they can avoid causing offence in those cultures.(政治家总是要注意不同国家的文化特点。通过了解不同的文化特征，他们可以避免冒犯那些文化)”可知，通过对不同的民族特征做了解和掌握，就不会冒犯别人了。故选A。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章内容，尤其是最后一段“All this raises important questions: can making generalizations about groups of people be a positive thing? Or should we always avoid making broad assumptions about different groups?(所有这些都提出了重要的问题：对人群进行概括是否是一件积极的事情？还是我们应该总是避免对不同的群体做出广泛的假设？)”可知，文章主要讨论了是否需要对民族特性作概括，即讨论对人群进行概括是否有益。故选D。
D
To show empathy is to identify with another’s feelings. It is to emotionally put yourself in the place of another. The ability to empathize is directly dependent on your ability to feel your own feelings and identify them.
If you have never felt a certain feeling, it will be hard for you to understand how another person is feeling. If you have never put your hand in a flame, you will not know the pain of fire. If you have not experienced jealousy, you will not understand its power. Reading about a feeling and intellectually knowing about it is very different than actually experiencing it for yourself.
Among those with an equal level of emotional intelligence, the person who has actually experienced the widest range and variety of feelings — the great depths of depression and the heights of fulfillment, for example, — is the one who is most able to empathize. On the other hand, when we say that someone “can’t relate” to other people, it is likely because they haven’t experienced, acknowledged or accepted many feelings of their own.
Once you have felt discriminated against, for example, it is much easier to relate with someone else who has been discriminated against. Our innate emotional intelligence gives us the ability to quickly recall those instances and form associations when we encounter discrimination again. We then can use the “reliving” of those emotions to guide our thinking and actions. This is one of the ways nature slowly evolves towards a higher level of survival.
For this process to work, the first step is that we must be able to experience our own emotions. This means we must be open to them and not distract ourselves from them or try to numb ourselves from our feelings through drugs, alcohol, etc.
Next, we need to become aware of what we are actually feeling — to acknowledge, identify, and accept our feelings. Only then can we empathize with others. That is one reason why it is important to work on your own emotional awareness and sensitivity — in other words, to be “in touch with” your feelings.
27. How does the author explain the feelings of empathy?
A. By giving examples. B. By having classification.
C. By making comparison. D. By providing data.
28. Which statement may the author agree with?
A. Low level of empathy leads to fewer varieties of feelings.
B. The deeper one’s feelings are, the more empathetic one is.
C. Empathy is a way we recently picked up for better survival.
D. Rich experiences may not go with a high level of empathy.
29. What’s the purpose of the last two paragraphs of the text?
A. To advise a sincere attitude to one’s experiences.
B. To suggest a right understanding of empathy.
C. To require a real bond with one’s emotions.
D. To call for true acceptance of one’s feelings.
30. What is the best title for the text?
A. How Empathy Unfolds B. Be Open to Your Emotions
C. Why Is Empathy Important D. Accept Your True Self
【答案】27. A 28. D 29. C 30. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是同理心，以及如何对别人具有同理心。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章第二段“If you have never put your hand in a flame, you will not know the pain of fire. If you have not experienced jealousy, you will not understand its power. (如果你从来没有把你的手放在火焰中，你就不会知道被火烧的疼痛。如果你没有经历过嫉妒，你就不会理解它会产生什么影响)”可推知，作者通过举例说明解释什么是同理心。故选A项。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章第三段“Among those with an equal level of emotional intelligence, the person who has actually experienced the widest range and variety of feelings — the great depths of depression and the heights of fulfillment, for example, — is the one who is most able to empathize. On the other hand, when we say that someone “can’t relate” to other people, it is likely because they haven’t experienced, acknowledged or accepted many feelings of their own. (在那些情商水平相同的人中，真正经历过最广泛、最丰富的情感的人——比如说，经历过极度抑郁和高度满足感的人——是最能感同身受的人。另一方面，当我们说某人与他人“无法联系”时，很可能是因为他们没有经历、承认或接受自己的许多感受)”可知，影响同理心的因素有两个——丰富的情感和相似的经历，由此推知，作者认为丰富的经历可能并不一定意味着有高度的同理心。故选D项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Next, we need to become aware of what we are actually feeling — to acknowledge, identify, and accept our feelings. (接下来，我们需要意识到我们实际的感受——承认、认同和接受我们的感受)”可推知，文章最后两段呼吁大家真正接受自己的感受，才能做到对他人产生共情。故选C项。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，再结合文章最后一段“Only then can we empathize with others. (只有这样，我们才能同情他人)”可推知，本文主要介绍了如何对他人具有同理心。A项“同理心如何展现”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选A项。
第二节七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Throughout my life, there is one teacher who really impresses me. ____31____ .
My time in 8th grade felt like forever because you just want to be in high school already. Math you just wanted to sleep, science you wanted to cry, social studies you would wish for it to be over, but English class would just make up for the whole day. Mrs. Thomas would actually make me want to stay awake in her class. It was like she actually understood us and knew how to keep our full attention. Every day I couldn’t wait to go to her class. ____32____ You could talk to her like she was your friend and not your boss.
____33____ Like in the beginning of the year she made us take pictures of ourselves and write goals of what you wanted for the school year. Every day, when you would come into class, you would look at your goals and see if you achieve any; it was pretty smart. I remember she also made us write a letter to ourselves in the beginning of the year. We opened them at the end of the year to see how much we changed. It was like she was trying to push us to be able to complete those goals, so that later on in life we can use that ability again. ____34____ If you wanted an A, you had to work for that A.
Mrs. Thomas not only got us ready for high school but also really prepared me for life in the future. ____35____
A. The following is a class she taught us.
B. She made me realize how interesting learning can be.
C. She often made us struggle for what we dreamed of in life.
D. I remember how much fun it was to do activity in her class.
E. She would wake me up when I sometimes slept in her class.
F. She would make jokes that would relate to the lesson and please us.
G. I’m just waiting for the next teacher who can affect my life and me as a person.
【答案】31. B 32. F 33. D 34. C 35. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一位让作者印象深刻的老师。
【31题详解】
根据上文“Throughout my life, there is one teacher who really impresses me.(在我的一生中，有一位老师让我印象深刻。)”可知，空处解释这位老师如何令作者印象深刻。B项：She made me realize how interesting learning can be.(她让我意识到学习是多么有趣。)符合语境。故选B。
【32题详解】
根据上文“Every day I couldn’t wait to go to her class.(每天我都迫不及待地想去上她的课。)”可知，空处解释说明喜欢上老师课的原因，F项中的“the lesson ”和上文的“her class”对应。F项：She would make jokes that would relate to the lesson and please us.(她会讲一些与课程有关的笑话，让我们高兴。)符合语境。故选F。
【33题详解】
根据下文“Like in the beginning of the year she made us take pictures of ourselves and write goals of what you wanted for the school year. Every day, when you would come into class, you would look at your goals and see if you achieve any; it was pretty smart.( 像在年初，她让我们拍自己的照片，为本学年写你想要的目标。每天，当你来上课的时候，你会看看你的目标，看看你是否实现了；这很聪明。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是这位老师在课堂上进行的一些活动。D项：I remember how much fun it was to do activity in her class.(我还记得在她的课上做活动是多么有趣。)符合语境。故选D。
【34题详解】
根据上文“It was like she was trying to push us to be able to complete those goals, so that later on in life we can use that ability again. (就好像她在努力推动我们去完成那些目标，这样我们在以后的生活中就可以再次使用这种能力。)”和下文“If you wanted an A, you had to work for that A.( 如果你想要一个A，你必须为它努力。)”可知，这位老师让作者他们为了梦想而奋斗。C项中的“made us struggle ”和上文的“push us ”对应。C项：She often made us struggle for what we dreamed of in life.(她经常让我们为生活中的梦想而奋斗。)符合语境。故选C。
【35题详解】
根据上文“Mrs. Thomas not only got us ready for high school but also really prepared me for life in the future.( 托马斯夫人不仅让我们为高中生活做好了准备，也为我未来的生活做好了准备。)”可知，空处表示作者期待未来也能遇到这样的好老师。G项：I’m just waiting for the next teacher who can affect my life and me as a person.(我只是在等待下一个可以影响我的生活和我作为一个人的老师)符合语境。故选G。
第四部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节完形填空(共15题;每小题1分，满分15分。)
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In life, do you choose to take the road everyone has taken, or do you choose the path that is best for you? It might be ____36____ to choose what everyone has done, especially if it seemed to work for them. But is that what truly ____37____ for you?
On a recent hiking ____38____, my partner and I decided to take a popular trail in the ____39____ direction. This was an old, well-traveled trail that people had been hiking and biking from A to Z for years. For our own reasons, we chose to travel from Z to A. Going backwards made more sense with my ____40____. The trip would take several days and going backwards ____41____ that I would end the trip closer to the airport for my flight home.
As my partner and I walked, everyone crossing our path had something to say, “You're going the wrong way. Are you lost? Are you returning ____42____ you forgot something? Are you crazy? The path occasionally crossed a ____43____. When it did, even passing cars beeped to ____44____ us in the “right” direction.
Why did people only see one way? Because that's what everyone does? Because that's how it's always been done? We even ____45____ to talk to a Danish woman who said, “We have a(n) ____46____ in my country: when you go backwards to everyone else, it's because you're avoiding something.” I couldn't believe it. We were just enjoying connecting with nature, hiking the way that best ____47____ us. Had we gone the “wrong” way? No. At least, not for us.
I decided to ____48____ the path I chose. ____49____, we had an amazing experience. Choosing the “wrong” path was right for me. When your inner ____50____ tells you something is right (or wrong), listen to it. It's your instinct. It's speaking to you for a reason and it knows, better than anyone, what's best for you.
36. A. anxious B. normal C. awkward D. impressive
37. A. designs B. plans C. works D. prepares
38. A. race B. test C. project D. trip
39. A. opposite B. wrong C. common D. accessible
40. A. emotion B. target C. schedule D. request
41. A. supposed B. ensured C. provided D. permitted
42. A. if B. because C. while D. yet
43. A. plain B. valley C. trail D. highway
44. A. point B. inspire C. protect D. support
45. A. expected B. stopped C. agreed D. hesitated
46. A. saying B. point C. myth D. spell
47. A. instructed B. confused C. offered D. suited
48. A. show off B. think over C. pick out D. stick to
49. A. Probably B. Hopefully C. Eventually D. Knowingly
50. A. desire B. feeling C. voice D. reaction
【答案】36. B 37. C 38. D 39. A 40. C 41. B 42. B 43. D 44. A 45. B 46. A 47. D 48. D 49. C 50. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者和伙伴在最近的一次徒步旅行中，选择了相反的方向。每个人都说他们走错了，但是最终，他们有了一次奇妙的经历。作者认为当你内心的声音告诉你什么是对的或错的，听从它。这是你的本能。它和你说话是有原因的，它比任何人都清楚，什么对你最好。
【36题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：选择每个人都做过的事情可能是正常的，特别是如果它看起来对他们有用的话。A. anxious焦虑的；B. normal正常的；C. awkward尴尬的；D. impressive印象深刻的。根据后文“to choose what everyone has done”可知，选择每个人都做过的事情可能是正常的。故选B。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这真的适合你吗？A. designs设计；B. plans计划；C. works工作，起作用；D. prepares准备。根据上文“it seemed to work for them”可知此处指选择每个人都做过的事情是否对自己起作用。故选C。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在最近的一次徒步旅行中，我和我的伙伴决定选择一条相反方向的流行路线。A. race比赛；B. test测试；C. project项目；D. trip旅行。呼应后文“The trip would take several days”指徒步旅行。故选D。
【39题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在最近的一次徒步旅行中，我和我的伙伴决定选择一条相反方向的流行路线。A. opposite相反的；B. wrong错误的；C. common普通的；D. accessible可到达的。根据后文“This was an old, well-traveled trail that people had been hiking and biking from A to Z for years. For our own reasons, we chose to travel from Z to A.”可知，作者他们选择了相反反向的路线。故选A。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：倒回去对我的日程安排更有意义。A. emotion情感；B. target目标；C. schedule计划；D. request要求。根据后文“I would end the trip closer to the airport for my flight home”可知倒着走会在离机场更近的地方结束旅行，所以是对日程安排有意义。故选C。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这趟旅行要花上几天的时间，倒着走可以确保我在离机场更近的地方结束旅程，以便搭飞机回家。A. supposed认为；B. ensured确保；C. provided提供；D. permitted允许。根据后文“that I would end the trip closer to the airport for my flight home”可知倒着走可以确保作者在离机场更近的地方结束旅程，以便搭飞机回家。故选B。
【42题详解】
考查连接词词义辨析。句意：你回来是因为忘了什么吗？A. if如果；B. because因为；C. while然而；D. yet但是。根据语境可知，此处引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”应用because。故选B。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这条小路偶尔与公路相交。A. plain平原；B. valley山谷；C. trail足迹；D. highway公路。根据后文“even passing cars”可知，这条小路偶尔与公路相交。故选D。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当它出现时，就连过往的车辆也会鸣叫，给我们指出“正确”的方向。A. point指向；B. inspire鼓舞；C. protect保护；D. support支持。根据后文“us in the “right” direction”可知，汽车鸣笛是为了指出正确的方向。故选A。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们甚至停下来和一位丹麦妇女交谈，她说：“我们国家有一个说法：当你回到其他所有人身边时，那是因为你在逃避什么。”A. expected期待；B. stopped停止；C. agreed同意；D. hesitated犹豫。根据后文“to talk to a Danish woman”可知，作者当时在徒步旅行中，所以是停下来和一位丹麦妇女交谈。故选B。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们甚至停下来和一位丹麦妇女交谈，她说：“我们国家有一个说法：当你回到其他所有人身边时，那是因为你在逃避什么。”A. saying格言；B. point要点；C. myth神话；D. spell咒语。根据后文“when you go backwards to everyone else, it's because you're avoiding something”可知，此处指丹麦妇女国家的一句格言。故选A。
47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们只是享受与大自然的联系，以最适合我们的方式徒步旅行。A. instructed指示；B. confused使迷惑；C. offered提供；D. suited适合。根据上文“We were just enjoying connecting with nature, hiking the way that best”可知，作者认为徒步旅行是最适合他们的旅行方式。故选D。
【48题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我决定坚持我选择的道路。A. show off炫耀；B. think over仔细考虑；C. pick out指出；D. stick to坚持。根据后文“the path I chose”可知，作者选择坚持选择的道路。故选D。
【49题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，我们有了一次奇妙的经历。A. Probably可能；B. Hopefully有希望地；C. Eventually终于；D. Knowingly故意地。根据后文“we had an amazing experience”可知，此处作者在总结这次徒步旅行，他们最终有了一次奇妙的经历。故选C。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你内心的声音告诉你什么是对的或错的，听从它。A. desire渴望；B. feeling感觉；C. voice声音；D. reaction反应。根据后文“tells you something is right (or wrong), listen to it”可知，此处指人内心的声音，应用voice。故选C。
第Ⅱ卷
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The world’s oceans reached their hottest level in recorded history last year, supercharging (加剧) extreme weather events, scientists have reported. They found that the five hottest recorded years in the oceans ___51___(occur) since 2015, and that the rate of heating since 1986 was eight times higher than ___52___ from 1960-85. Oceans cover 71% of the planet and water can absorb thousands of times more heat than air, ___53___ is why 93% of global heating is taken up by seas.
Hotter oceans destroy rainfall patterns, which ___54___(lead) to floods, droughts and wildfires. Heat also causes seawater ___55___ (expand) and drives up sea levels. Scientists expect about one metre of sea level rise by the end of the century, ___56___(threaten) 150 million people. Higher temperatures in the seas are also harming marine (海洋的) life, with ___57___ number of ocean heatwaves increasing ___58___(sharp).
The study also finds that the sinking of surface waters and upwelling of deeper water is reducing as the seas heat up. This means the surface layers heats up even further and fewer nutrients for marine life are brought up from the ___59___(deep).
“The oceans reached yet another new record level of warmth in 2020,____60____ a record drop in global carbon emissions (排放). The planet will continue to warm up as long as we emit carbon into the atmosphere,” said Prof Michael Mann of Penn State University.
【答案】51. had occurred
52. that 53. which
54. leads 55. to expand
56. threatening
57. the 58. sharply
59. depths 60. despite
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了全球海平面上升的现状和其所带来的危害。
【51题详解】
考查动词和时态。句意：他们发现，海洋有记录以来最热的5年发生在2015年之后，1986年以来的升温速度1960-1985年的8倍。句子表述的事情发生在2015年之后的5年，即在过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填had occurred。
【52题详解】
考查代词。句意：他们发现，海洋有记录以来最热的5年发生在2015年之后，1986年以来的升温速度1960-1985年的8倍。本处是并列成分（主语之间）的比较，than后用that代替主语the rate of heating。故填that。
【53题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：海洋覆盖了地球的71%，水吸收的热量是空气的数千倍，这就是为什么全球93%的热量都来自海洋。本处是非限定性定语从句，空处是引导词，指代前面整个句子，用which。故填which。
【54题详解】
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：更热的海洋破坏了降雨模式，会导致洪水、干旱和野火。本句是非限定性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，故谓语用单数形式；从句表述客观真理，用一般现在时。故填leads。
【55题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：高温还会导致海水膨胀，使海平面上升。cause sb. to do是固定用法，译为“导致……做某事”。故填to expand。
【56题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家预计，到本世纪末，海平面将上升约1米，威胁到1.5亿人。本句已有谓语，空处用非谓语；sea level rise与threaten之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。故填threatening。
【57题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：更高的海洋温度也在伤害海洋生物，海洋热浪的数量急剧增加。本处表示“……的数量”，用固定搭配the number of。故填the。
【58题详解】
考查副词。句意：更高的海洋温度也在伤害海洋生物，海洋热浪的数量急剧增加。空处缺副词作状语，修饰形容词increasing。故填sharply。
【59题详解】
考查名词。句意：这意味着表层温度进一步升高，海洋生物从深处获得的营养物质更少。空处填名词作介词 from的宾语；根据英文提示，空处填表示“深处”的词，用depth的复数形式depths。故填depths。
【60题详解】
考查介词。句意：2020年，尽管全球碳排放出现了创纪录的下降，但海洋温度又达到了创纪录的水平。空处表示“尽管”，后接名词性短语，可用despite。故填despite。
第五部分写作(共三节，满分35分)
第一节单词拼写(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
用选择性必修一Unit 4、Unit 5及选择性必修二Unit 1、Unit 2 单词表上词汇的正确形式填空，使句子意思完整。
61. There is little doubt that the committee will give whole-hearted a__________ to the project, so you can make preparations for it now.(根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】approval##pproval
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：毫无疑问，委员会会全心全意地批准这个项目，所以你现在就可以做好准备了。设空处为宾语，应用名词形式，根据首字母和句意可知是approval。意为“赞成，批准”，故填approval。
62. Your time could be usefully e__________ in attending to professional matters rather than handling such trivial affairs. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】employed##mployed
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：你的时间可以有效地用来处理专业事务，而不是处理这些琐碎的事情。短语be employed in，意为“从事于，用于”，符合句意和语境，故填employed。
63. Scientists say there is no c__________ evidence that power lines have anything to do with cancer. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】convincing##onvincing
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：科学家说，没有令人信服的证据表明电线与癌症有任何关系。分析句子可知空处缺形容词作定语修饰后面的名词evidence；修饰物要用以-ing为结尾的形容词；根据英文提示的，故填convincing。
64. Faced with COVID-19, we have no a__________ but to take care of ourselves to prevent it. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】alternative##lternative
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：面对新冠肺炎疫情，我们除了好好照顾自己来预防它之外别无选择。结合句意及首字母提示可知，alternative可供选择的事物，可数名词，此处用单数形式。故填alternative。
65. While this brand will be s__________ more expensive, it lasts a lot longer. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】slightly##lightly
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：虽然这个牌子稍微更贵一点，但它的使用时间要长得多。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用副词slightly，修饰形容词比较级more expensive，作状语。故填slightly
66. The museum collection portrays the heritage of 200 years of canals __________ (生动地), which is well worth a visit. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】vividly
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：博物馆的藏品生动地展现了200年的运河遗产，非常值得一看。设空处修饰谓语动词portrays，应用副词形式，根据汉语提示和句意，故填vividly。
67. I can still __________ (记起) your saying to me that you were going to be a mechanic after graduation and now here you are. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】recall
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：我仍然能记起你对我说过你毕业后要当机械师，现在你实现了梦想。分析句子可知空处填谓语动词；表示“记起”可用recall；情态动词后接动词原形；故填recall。
68. People tend to forget the truth that one experience doesn’t __________ (使有资格) a person to speak as an authority. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】qualify
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：人们往往会忘记一个事实，即一段经历不能作为权威说话。设空处接在助动词doesn’t 后，应用动词原形，根据汉语提示和句意，故填qualify。
69. __________ to crimes and accidents caused parents to deprive children of free play, which is now proved to make children more resilient. (揭露) (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】Exposure
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：揭露犯罪和事故致使父母剥夺了儿童玩耍的自由，现在证明这能使孩子更有韧性。空处应填名词作主语，结合汉语提示可知，exposure暴露，揭发，不可数名词，首字母应大写。故填Exposure。
70. It shocked everyone present that the event developed in a _________ different way. (戏剧般地) (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】dramatically
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：让在场的人都震惊的是，这个事件以一种戏剧般地不同的方式发展。设空处修饰形容词different作状语，应用副词形式，故填dramatically。
第二节完成句子(共10空;每空1分，满分10分)
用选择性必修一Unit4、Unit5及选择性必修二Units 1—2单词表上词组的正确形式填空，使句子意思完整。
71. 在这期间，她得到了所有人的信任，结果被委任为员工的负责人。
During that time, she gained everyone’s confidence so that she was put________________the staff.
【答案】in charge of
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。“负责”使用固定短语in charge of，故填in charge of。
72. 最重要的是，社会需要鼓励公民们自主合作的精神。
And________________, society needs to encourage the spirit of voluntary cooperation in its citizens.
【答案】above all
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。“最重要的是”使用固定短语above all，故填above all。
73. 一个人在新的环境下舒服自在时，他的潜力更可能展示出来。
When________________in new surroundings, one is more likely to show potentials.
【答案】feeling at ease
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。表示“感到舒服自在”可用固定短语feel at ease；在本处的时间状语从句中，从句与主句的主语一致，且主语相同时，省略主语和be动词，还原后为；when one is feeling at ease。故填feeling at ease。
74. 相比之下，由于疫情，全世界的教育经费降低了。
________________, expenditure on education has decreased worldwide due to the pandemic.
【答案】By comparison/contrast
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。根据句意可知，设空处意为相比之下，可用短语by comparison或者by contrast，位于句首，首字母大写，故填By comparison/contrast。
75. 他对自己将余生献给科学研究事业感到自豪。
He felt proud of the rest of his life________________scientific investigation.
【答案】devoted to
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。表示“把……献于……”可用固定短语devote to；本处表述事情已发生，用一般过去时；故填devoted to。
76. 博物馆展出的展览包括50幅油画和水彩画。
The exhibition displayed at the museum________________50 oils and watercolors.
【答案】was comprised of
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。根据句意可知，设空处意为包括，可用短语be comprised of，描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，主语是The exhibition，谓语用第三人称单数，故填was comprised of。
77. 增加生产反过来会增加利润。
Increased production will,________________, lead to increased profits.
【答案】in turn
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。根据句意可知，设空处意为反过来，用短语in turn，故填in turn。
78. 据说最近她因工作压力身体垮掉了。
It is said that her health ________________ under the pressure of work.
【答案】has broken down
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。“身体垮掉”使用动词短语break down，结合句意可知，此处表示过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，从句主语health是不可数名词，助动词用has，故填has broken down。
79. 换句话说，通过努力，任何障碍都可以被克服。
________________, with great efforts any obstacle can be overcome.
【答案】In other words
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。根据句意，可知设空处意为换句话说，应用短语in other words，位于句首，首字母大写，故填In other words。
80. 讲座最好的部分是在场的观众积极地参与了演讲者设计的任何一个活动。
The best part of the lecture was that the audience present actively ________________ any activity designed by the speaker.
【答案】got involved in
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。“参与”使用动词短语get involved in，由主句中的was可知，此处是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填got involved in。
第三节书面表达(满分15分)
81. 假如你叫李华，寒假期间要去英国Embassy English Language School (EELS) 进行短期学习。以下是英方学校寄给你的课程安排选择表，请你仔细阅读课程表，按要求给校方回一封信。
Schedule for EELS Winter English Courses
English courses
Total hours of study
Total hours of part-time job
Date
Three-week course
60
24
February 1- February 21
Two-week course
30
No job but tour instead
February 1- February 24
写作要点:
1.在以上两种课程中任选一种并说出理由；
2.你现今的英语水平及哪些具体的语言技巧需要得到提高；
3.其它的个人要求。
写作要求：
1.80-100词；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Sir/Madam,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Sir/Madam,
Thank you for giving me the schedule for winter English courses in your school. I’m writing to tell you my choice and my personal needs.
I prefer the two-week course because it will give me more time to do some travelling and allow me to make new friends as well.
Of all the subjects I’m learning at school, I like English best, which I have been learning for at least 6 years. I don’t have much difficulty reading and listening, but my spoken English remains poor. Therefore, I am eager to take this opportunity to improve it. If possible, I’d like to stay with a family for a couple of days so that I can practice my spoken English more as well as know more about some British customs.
I firmly believe that I will have a wonderful time this winter with your help. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生阅读英方学校寄来的课程安排选择表，按要求给校方回一封信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
也：as well→too
因此：therefore→as a consequence
机会：opportunity→chance
帮助：help→assistance
2.句式拓展
同义句转化
原句：I don’t have much difficulty reading and listening, but my spoken English remains poor.
拓展句：Though I don’t have much difficulty reading and listening, my spoken English remains poor.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Of all the subjects I’m learning at school, I like English best, which I have been learning for at least 6 years.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】If possible, I’d like to stay with a family for a couple of days so that I can practice my spoken English more as well as know more about some British customs.（运用了so that引导的目的状语从句）
听力答案:1-5. ABCBC 6-10. CAABB 11-15. CABCB 16-20. AABCC
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