2023年高考英语二轮复习试题 语法填空 03--时态、语态、语气 Word版含解析

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解密03  时态、语态、语气1.【2023`山西省临汾市月考】The dragon is a popular object of drawings and there ____39____ (be) many famous paintings about the dragon.are考查时态和主谓一致。句意：龙是一种流行的绘画对象，有许多关于龙的著名绘画。分析句子可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，为一般现在时，句中涉及“there be”句型，句子主语“paintings”为可数名词复数形式，故“be”应用“are”。故填are。2.【2023·河北省部分学校联考】“In a traffic accident, if the damage ____44____ (cause) by the defects of a vehicle, the driver, the owner or the user of the vehicle, after paying for the bill, can request compensation (补偿) from the manufacturer or seller of the car in accordance with laws,” the new rule said.考查时态和语态。句意：在交通事故中，由于车辆的缺陷造成损害的，驾驶员、车主或者车辆的使用者在支付了费用后，可以依法向汽车的制造商或者销售者要求赔偿。设空处在从句中作谓语，和从句的主语the damage之间是被动关系，叙述客观事实，故设空处为一般现在时的被动语态，从句主语不可数，从句谓语单数形式。故填is caused。3.【辽宁省辽西联合校2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】Classical Chinese garden design aims to create a natural landscape on a small scale and emphasize the perfect harmony between man and nature.A Chinese garden ____36____(be) like a scroll (卷轴) painting, showing a series of carefully composed scenes. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一个中国园林就像一卷画，展示了一系列精心构成的场景。分析句子可知，本句中描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，且主语garden是名词单数，所以be动词用is。故填is。4.【2023·广东省名校联盟11月大联考】The premiere of The Little Mermaid in China was a huge success. Since its premiere, The Little Mermaid____40____(stage) in China several times.考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：自首映以来，《小美人鱼》已在中国多次上演。由“Since its premiere”可知，时态用现在完成时，《小美人鱼》是被上演，因此空格处是现在完成时的被动语态，即have/has been done，主语The Little Mermaid是单数，因此空格处是has been staged。故填has been staged。5.【2023·广东省茂名市联考】Nowadays, Hanfu is popular in the Chinese circle and is very popular,especially in Xi’an, Hangzhou, Suzhou, Nanjing and other places which____45____(know)  as “Four Ancient Capitals of China”; sometimes people wearing Hanfu in the crowd may be easily noticed.考查时态，固定短语和主谓一致。句意：如今，汉服在中国的圈子里很流行，很受欢迎，特别是在西安、杭州、苏州、南京等被称为“中国四大古都”的地方，有时在人群中很容易发现穿汉服的人。空格处是which引导的定语从句的谓语，be known as是固定短语，意为“被称为”，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，which指代先行词places，是复数，因此空格处用are known。故填are known。6.【2023·山西省大同市第二次学情调研】A decade ago, the arrival of tree planters ___37___ (catch) Hua’s attention and the photos of the tree planters taken by Hua are evidence of the remarkable transformation of the land. 考查动词时态。句意：十年前，种树人的到来引起了华的注意，他拍摄的种树人的照片是这片土地显著变化的证据。根据前面的时间状语A decade ago可知，空处谓语动词应用应用一般过去时形式caught，表示“抓住”。故填caught。7.【2023·山西省大同市第二次学情调研】One tree after another, a green Great Wall has been built. Brush by brush, a green field ____45____ (paint) over the yellow sandy land up to now.考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：直到现在，黄色的沙地上已经刷上了一片绿色的田野。根据句中的时间状语up to now可知，应使用现在完成时。主语a green field是第三人称单数形式，故谓语动词用单数。因谓语动词paint与其主语a green field之间为动宾关系，故用被动语态。故填has been painted。8.【山东省潍坊市2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】When it comes to ancient civilizations, most people think of the Greeks and Romans. It’s understandable as both ____36____ (shape) modern society in some way so far, whether it be their social, cultural, or political influences. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这是可以理解的，因为到目前为止，无论是社会、文化还是政治影响，两者都以某种方式塑造了现代社会。结合时间状语so far可知，谓语动词shape用现在完成时，主语both复数，谓语复数形式。故填have shaped。9.【山东省潍坊市2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】Rough weaving tools and bone needles also ____43____ (unearth) from the site, indicating that Jiahu residents may have possessed basic weaving and sewing skills 8,500 years ago.考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：该遗址还出土了粗糙的编织工具和骨针，表明贾湖居民可能在8500年前就掌握了基本的编织和缝纫技能。讲述过去的事情，主语Rough weaving tools and bone needles和谓语动词unearth是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语复数，谓语复数形式。故填were unearthed。10.【2023·辽宁省县级重点高中联合体统考】Jim Abbott was born without his right hand. He was a talented athlete and wanted to be a baseball pitcher, even though being able to use two hands ____38____ (be) extremely important in playing baseball. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：他是一个有天赋的运动员，想成为一名棒球投手，尽管能够使用两只手在打棒球中是非常重要的。even though引导的让步状语从句中主语是动名词短语being able to use two hands，其后谓语动词用单数，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，因此空格处是is，故填is。11.【2023·湖北十堰市联合体联考】Besides high-speed rail, China _____38_____ (improve) people’s lives in many other innovative ways over the last decade.考查动词时态。句意：除了高铁，中国在过去十年中还以许多其他创新的方式改善了人们的生活。分析句子可知空处填谓语动词；由“over the last decade”可知是从过去某一时间开始到现在一直发生的事，应用现在完成时；由主语China可知谓语用单数形式；根据英文提示，故填has improved。12.【2023·湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学期中】Pomegranates (石榴) are ripe during Cold Dew, releasing a sweet scent. With their exquisite beauty, flavor and color, pomegranates never fail to attract people and ____42____ (cherish) for centuries also for their health benefits and anti-aging benefits.考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：石榴以其精致的美丽、风味和颜色吸引着人们。几个世纪以来也因其有益健康和抗衰老而受到珍视。主语pomegranates与cherish是动宾关系，故用被动语态。根据时间状语for centuries及句意可知，此处表示石榴从过去到现在一直被珍视，还将被人们珍视下去，时态应用现在完成时。结合时态，此处应用现在完成时的被动语态(have/has been done)。主语pomegranates是复数，助动词用have，故填have been cherished。13.【2023·黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市普高联谊校联考】The crew brings only what they can carry on their backs when they travel to the island: clothes, books, and food. Food as well as fresh water ____47____ (carry) to the island every 10 days by a local.考查动词语态。句意：当地居民每10天就把食物和淡水运到岛上。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，主语Food为不可数名词，和动词carry的关系为被动关系，应用被动语态，结合上下文可知，应用一般现在时。故填is carried。14.【山东省泰安市2022-2023学年高三上学期11月期中】When students started the new school year on Thursday, many would have noticed a new course. The new course ____36____ (introduce) after the Ministry of Education released a new curriculum standard for labor education.考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：这门新课程是在教育部发布劳动教育新课程标准后推出的。课程是被推出，且句子描述过去的事情，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，主语course是单数，因此空格处是was introduced，故填was introduced。15.【2021·天津卷】Although a few have come and gone, the restaurant's regular customers ________（stay） the same for nearly 40 years.have stayed考查动词时态。句意：虽然有一些人来了又走了，但这家餐厅的老顾客已经光顾这家店近40年了。根据“the restaurant's regular customers”以及“the same for nearly 40 years”可知，这家餐厅的老顾客已经光顾这家店近40年了。stay“保持”，表示老顾客保持40年不变。故填have stayed。16.【2021·北京卷】As it 13． (connect) things，your brain tums them into a story,and you get a dream．connects考查时态。句意：当它连接事物时，你的大脑将它们变成一个故事，然后你就得到了一个梦。由主句谓语动词tums可知，空处从句的谓语动词需用一般现在时态，主语是第三人称单数it，所以空处谓语动词需用单数。故填connects。17.（2021·天津卷第一次考）Currently, about 35,000 works ________（display） in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything.are being displayed考查时态和语态。目前，大约有35000件作品陈列在卢浮宫的300多个展室里，要看完所有的展品恐怕要花一辈子的时间。根据上文“Currently(目前)”可知，应该用现在进行时；display与主语works之间为被动关系，所以用现在进行时的被动。故填are being displayed。18.（2020·浙江卷）By about 6000 BC，people ____(discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.had discovered考查时态。句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by + 过去时间 译为“到……为止”，后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered.19.（2020·浙江卷）And，as more children were born，more food ______(need).was needed考查时态语态。句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。20.【2021·北京卷】There 17．(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, caused largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations.【答案】has been【解析】考查动词时态。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语over the past 20 years可知，此处使用现在完成时，a dramatic rise是单数感念，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been。 训练A【重庆市巴蜀中学校2022-2023学年高三上学期高考适应性月考卷（四）】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。As a kid, I spoke English to my Chinese immigrant parents, who ____1____ (reply) to me and my siblings mostly in kind. But my grandmother could communicate to us only ____2____ Mandarin Chinese; we’d figure out through gestures and facial expressions. A few phrases are ____3____ (particular) vivid to me: hulihutu, or “muddle-headed”; fa feng, or “to go crazy”; and most ____4____ (strike) of all, mamahuhu, which means “so-so” or “careless”. In Mandarin, ma means horse and hu means tiger; the idiom mamahuhu literally translates as “horse horse tiger tiger.”Mamahuhu became ____5____ family in-joke for me and my siblings. But as we grew older, we realized mamahuhu also described our family. My parents and my grandmother could be precise when it mattered. My grandmother could make pork dumplings with grace and speed. When she packed my lunchbox, she stacked an inch of processed meat between white bread in imitation of the American ____6____ (sandwich) she rarely ate. My mother is a retired plant physiologist ____7____ research led to multiple patents related to improving plant growth. But when she helped me on an elementary-school project, she used ____8____ (steam) rice as an adhesive(黏合剂), instead of buying a glue stick. My tinfoil (锡纸) crown fell apart in class.Neither my grandmother nor my mother ____9____ (school) in American norms before; they had to fake it to make it. When I was a child, the mamahuhu attitude sometimes embarrassed me. But it also taught me not to get hung up on mainstream ideals of perfection but _____10_____ (embrace) originality. 【答案】1．replied    2．in    3．particularly    4．striking    5．a    6．sandwiches    7．whose    8．steamed    9．had been schooled    10．to embrace【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述作者的家里流行着中国文化元素，比如“马马虎虎”等，并且说明家里人是怎样沟通的。1．考查动词时态。句意：当我还是个孩子的时候，我和我的中国移民父母说英语，他们对我和我的兄弟姐妹的回答大多是同样的话。设空处为从句谓语，根据主句可知是一般过去时，故填replied。2．考查介词。句意：但我的祖母只能用普通话和我们交流。用某种语言表达用介词 in。故填in。3．考查副词。句意：有几个短语对我来说特别生动。设空处修饰形容词作状语，应用副词。故填particularly。4．考查形容词。句意：最引人注目的是“马马虎虎”，意思是“一般般”或“粗心大意”。设空处前有most修饰，构成形容词的最高级，故空处应填形容词。故填striking。5．考查冠词。句意：“马马虎虎”成了我和兄弟姐妹们的家庭笑话。设空处修饰in-joke，表泛指，应用补丁冠词，并且空后family以辅音音素开头，故填a。6．考查名词。句意：她给我装午餐时，在白面包中间夹了一英寸的加工过的肉，模仿她很少吃的美式三明治。设空处用名词作宾语，sandwich为可数名词，应用复数形式，故填sandwiches。7．考查定语从句。句意：我母亲是一名退休的植物生理学家，她的研究获得了多项与促进植物生长有关的专利。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词physiologist指人，关系代词在从句中作定语，故填whose。8．考查非谓语动词。句意：但当她帮我做一个小学作业时，她用米饭做粘合剂，而不是买胶棒。设空处修饰名词rice作定语，和名词之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，故填steamed。9．考查动词时态和语态。句意：我的祖母和母亲以前都没有接受过美国规范的教育。设空处为谓语，结合应和时间状语before可知，此处陈述的动作发生在过去的过去，且主语my grandmother nor my mother和谓语school之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故填had been schooled。10．考查非谓语动词。句意：但马马虎虎的态度也教会了我不要沉迷于主流的完美理想，而要拥抱原创。设空处和to get hung up 并列做宾语补足语，故填to embrace。训练B【山东省菏泽市2022-2023学年高三上学期11月期中】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The planet is facing a crisis. Overuse of resources, like fossil fuels, ____1____ (combine) with high levels of consumption of goods and the resources needed to make them, is taking our environment to a ____2____ (break)point. We live in a disposable culture where we want to keep up ____3____ the latest trends, but at what cost? Forests ____4____ (cut) down and minerals mined for objects that will be used for a short amount of time and then thrown away. Our consumption habits have a direct impact on the planet that we live on, and the lives in different parts of the world. Unsustainable ____5____ (consume) and production of material goods and food products leads to climate change, which in turn ____6____ (affect) countries in poverty. Those methods are ____7____ (serious)damaging the environment. If we continue ____8____ (produce) and consume at current rates, using the same methods we will also be affected and it will lead to destructive consequences,for parts of the world already feeling the effects of climate change. Although we may be from different countries, speak different languages ____9____ have different cultures, the planet does not recognize the differences we see in each other. Something ____10____ happens in one part of the world can have great effect on another part of the world many miles away from the event.【答案】1．combined    2．breaking    3．with    4．are cut    5．consumption    6．affects   7．seriously    8．to produce    9．and    10．that【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。短文说明人类对于自然资源的过度使用，给地球环境带来了巨大的破坏。从而使得地球反作用于人类带来的气候变化。呼吁人们要保护环境。1．考查过去分词。句意：地球正面临着一场危机。对化石燃料等资源的过度使用，再加上对产品和制造这些产品所需资源的大量消费，正将我们的环境推向崩溃的边缘。依据句意及空格位置，此处应当使用非谓语，化石燃料与combine之间形成被动关系，故使用过去分词形式表示被动，故填combined。2．考查现在分词。句意：地球正面临着一场危机。对化石燃料等资源的过度使用，再加上对产品和制造这些产品所需资源的大量消费，正将我们的环境推向崩溃的边缘。根据空格所处位置，表示正在崩溃的边缘，用现在分词。故填breaking。3．考查介词。句意：我们生活在一种一次性文化中，我们想要跟上最新的潮流，但是要付出代价？根据句意可知，“赶上”为固定搭配keep up with，故填with。4．考查时态和语态。句意：森林被砍伐，矿物被开采所制成的物品短时间被使用然后被丢弃。根据句子含义，可知森林与砍伐之间形成动宾关系，且句子使用一般现在时，故填are cut。5．考查名词。句意：物质产品和粮食产品的不可持续消费和生产导致气候变化，而气候变化反过来又影响贫困国家。根据前面的Unsustainable可知该处填名词，且该处与production并列，故填consumption。6．考查主谓一致。句意：物质产品和粮食产品的不可持续消费和生产导致气候变化，而气候变化反过来又影响贫困国家。分析句子结构可知，该空位于定语从句中，且作谓语，句子用一般现在时，且主语which指代的是climate change，故用三单形式。故填affects。7．考查副词。句意：这些方法严重破化了环境。根据句意可知，该空是用来修饰动词破坏的，故用副词形式，故填seriously。8．考查不定式。。句意：如果我们以目前的费率继续生产和消费，使用同样的方法，我们也会受影响，它将导致毁灭性的后果，世界上某些地区已经感受到他的影响了。分析句子可知，该处只能用非谓语，依据句子含义，表将来，continue to do sth “继续做某事”。故填to produce。9．考查并列连词。句意：尽管我们来自不同的国家，说着不同的语言，有不同的文化，地球不承认的我们在彼此身上看到的差异。根据句子含义及空格所处位置，可知应填并列连词，故填and。10．考查定语从句。句意：在地球某个地方发生的事情会对远离事件的另一个地方产生巨大的影响。分析句子结构可知，该空为定语从句，先行词是something，从句缺主语，只能填that。故填that。训练C【湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Those who haven’t been to the Mu Us may not have an opportunity to do so. The desert is disappearing from____1____ map as it has been turned into an oasis(绿洲)!The Mu Us ____2____ (stretch) over 42,200 square km between Shaan Xi and inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, lying north of the Great Wall. In Mongolian, “Mu Us” means barren land ____3____ nothing can grow.However, the area was no desert in ancient times. It used to be grazing land ____4____ (sufficient) supplying grass and water for sheep and cattle. Since the Tang Dynasty, it began to degrade because of excessive farming and overgrazing and ____5____ (year) of war.In modern times, the Mu Us, the fourth ____6____ (large) desert in China, began to move southward and passed the Great Wall, ____42____ (attack) Yulin (Shaan Xi province). Local pastures(牧场) faced serious desertification, salinization and degradation, and the villagers had to move as the desert advanced. By the time People’s Republic of China ____8____ (found), Yulin had only 0.9 percent of forest cover. It became an urgent task ____9____ (block) the sands.Thanks to greening, the desert is poised to disappear. The feat(丰绩) wouldn’t have been achieved ____10____ national anti-desertification policies and the efforts of generations of eco-warriors.【答案】1．the    2．stretches    3．where    4．sufficiently    5．years    6．largest    7．attacking    8．was founded    9．to block    10．without【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了毛乌素地区由牧场变沙漠，新中国成立后又从沙漠变绿洲的过程。1．考查冠词。句意：沙漠正在从地图上消失，因为它已经变成了绿洲。根据句意和空格后的名词map可知，空格处应该填入定冠词the，特指毛乌素沙漠所在的版图。故填the。2．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：毛乌素位于陕西和内蒙古自治区之间，位于长城以北，绵延42200多平方公里。根据句意分析句子可知，空格处是该句子的谓语部分，由上下文的时态是一般现在时可知，该句子也应该用一般现在时；因为该句子主语是The Mu Us，所以谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式。故填stretches。3．考查定语从句。句意：在蒙古语中，“毛乌素”的意思是寸草不生的不毛之地。根据句意分析句子可知，空格后的部分是一个定语从句，而先行词land是表地点的名词，且在从句中作地点状语，所以空格处应该填入一个关系副词where。故填where。4．考查副词。句意：它曾经是一块牧场，为牛羊提供充足的草和水。根据句意和所给形容词sufficient以及空格后的supplying可知，空格处应该填入sufficient的副词形式sufficiently作状语，修饰后面的现在分词supplying。故填sufficiently。5．考查可数名词单复数。句意：从唐代开始，由于过度耕作和过度放牧以及多年的战争，它开始退化。根据句意和所给可数名词year可知，空格处应该填入year的复数形式years，构成短语years of（多年的）。故填years。6．考查形容词最高级。句意：在近代，毛乌素沙漠，中国第四大沙漠，开始向南移，越过长城，进攻陕西省榆林。根据句意和所给形容词large以及空格前的the fourth可知，空格处应该填入large的最高级形式largest（the +序数词+最高级表示“第几个最……”）。故填largest。7．考查现在分词。句意：在近代，毛乌素沙漠，中国第四大沙漠，开始向南移，越过长城，进攻陕西省榆林。根据句意分析句子可知，句子的谓语动词是began，所以所给动词attack应该是作状语，而句子的主语the Mu Us和动词attack之间是主动关系，所以应该用现在分词作状语。故填attacking。8．考查时态和语态。句意：中华人民共和国成立时，玉林的森林覆盖率仅为0.9%。根据句意分析句子可知，空格处是从句的谓语部分，根据后面主句的时态是一般过去时，从句也应该用一般过去时；从句的主语People’s Republic of China和所给动词found之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态。故填was founded。9．考查不定式。句意：堵住沙子成了一项紧迫的任务。根据句意和所给动词block分析句子可知，句中的it是形式主语，所以空格处应该填入不定式形式to block，因为to block the sands是句子真正的主语。故填to。10．考查介词。句意：如果没有国家的防沙治沙政策和一代又一代生态卫士的努力，就不可能取得这样的成就。 根据句意和句中的虚拟语气以及空格后的名词短语national anti-desertification policies and the efforts of generations of eco-warriors可知，空格处应该介词without构成介词短语，相当于一个虚拟条件句。故填without。