中考总复习英语（安徽）外研第三部分·题型二·阅读理解课件

这是一份中考总复习英语（安徽）外研第三部分·题型二·阅读理解课件，共52页。PPT课件主要包含了目录安徽·中考， 类型1 细节理解题，选择型阅读理解，类型1， 类型2 推理判断题， 类型3 主旨大意题， 类型4 词义猜测题，任务型阅读理解， 类型2 主旨大意题等内容，欢迎下载使用。
选择型阅读理解类型1 细节理解题类型2 推理判断题类型3 主旨大意题类型4 词义猜测题
任务型阅读理解类型1 细节理解题类型2 主旨大意题
细节理解题在阅读理解中占的比例相当大。该题型主要针对原文中的具体信息发问,考查考生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节、某个事实或个别词句的理解。细节理解题命题形式多样,考查内容涉及多个角度。
方法一　直接搜寻答案 这类试题的答案几乎可以在原文中直接找到,不需要考生对事实作出解释或者判断,只需要从阅读材料中直接获取信息即可(有时需要跨段落查找细节信息)。这类题比较简单,通常是原文再现:(1)题干中的关键信息点在文章中有直接具体的再现;(2)选项中的关键信息点在文中有直接具体的再现。
类型1 细节理解题
【典例1】　[2020安徽阅读A篇节选]What Will Yu D with a Dllar? ... ■ I will buy a cup f cffee fr the mst successful persn in New Yrk and ask fr his/her secret f success.Patrick Martine ...　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
56.What will Patrick Martine d with a dllar? A. T create a turist map. B. T g n a magic trip. C. T ask fr the secret f success. D. T give an pen-air cncert.
【思路指导】　根据题干中的"Patrick Martine"可定位到文中相对应人物的观点"I will buy a cup f cffee fr the mst successful persn in New Yrk and ask fr his/her secret f success"可知选项C符合题意。
【典例2】　[2020安徽阅读E篇节选] ... A gd whistler can be heard and understd five miles away. His whistling can be heard even farther away when it is windless. It is said that the recrd is abut nine miles. Anyne wh has heard a tp whistler will agree that this recrd is quite pssible. ...　　　　　　　　　　
71.What helps a whistle travel farther? A.A windless day. B.A lng distance. C.A useful message. D.A clear prnunciatin.
【思路指导】　根据题干中的关键词"farther"定位到文中的关键词所在句"His whistling can be heard even farther away when it is windless"可知,在没有风的时候,口哨可以在更远的地方被听到。故选A。
方法二　间接搜寻答案 为了更好地考查考生的综合思维能力,命题人往往会对具体信息进行处理,增加细节理解题的难度,这就需要考生综合多处信息进行理解。解答这类间接细节理解试题时,虽然各细节信息在文章中都能找到,但需要考生具备一定的概括能力。一个细节理解题涉及一段或者几段内容,考生需要进行概括后才能作答。
【典例3】　 [2020河南阅读B篇节选] "Are yu listening, Simn?" Simn's teacher asked.It was a pretty usual questin. Simn shk his head, smiling.He hardly listened r tried hard in class.Talking was s much fun.He wanted t be heard rather than listen. "Listen, and yu'll learn smething." Mrs.Jacbs tried every day, but Simn never paid attentin. ...
类型1 细节理解题
26.What did Mrs.Jacbs want Simn t d in class? A. T talk.B. T listen. C. T sit up.D. T stay awake.
【思路指导】　题干问的是雅各布斯夫人希望西蒙上课时做什么,根据文中的"‘Are yu listening, Simn?’ Simn's teacher asked.It was a pretty usual questin"以及"‘Listen, and yu'll learn smething.’Mrs.Jacbs tried every day"可知,雅各布斯夫人希望西蒙上课时能认真听讲,故选B。
推理判断题在近几年阅读理解中的考查频率仅次于细节理解题,考查方向以推断细节隐含意义为主。在阅读测试中属于深层次理解题,它要求考生在理解全文的基础上,从文章本身所提供的信息出发, 运用逻辑思维,并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理和判断。其答案一般不会在原文中直接呈现,要把文章提供的信息进行分析、提炼和归纳之后才能得出。 推理判断题涉及的范围很广,主要包括:推断细节隐含意义;推断文章来源或者读者对象;推断作者的写作意图;对文章内容进行预测;推断作者对某个人或事物的态度或评价等。
方法一　细节推断题的做题方法 细节推断题要求考生根据短文内容推断具体细节,如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。考生可遵循以下解题方法:(1)先跳读,找到相关信息点;(2)接着细读,理解相关信息点的字面意思;(3)再分析推理,在理解字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断,理解作者的言外之意,切勿把文章中非关键的细节内容作为推理的依据;(4)最后结合选项,找到与文章信息点所表达的意思相近的选项。 考生只有正确把握文章的内在联系,理解文章的真正含义,才能作出准确的推断。
【典例4】　 [2019安徽阅读C篇节选] ... Dyne felt that the street children's greatest need was a hme. She fund a piece f land fr sale and bught it with $5,000 she saved frm years f babysitting(当临时保姆). In 2008 the Kpila Valley Children's Hme was set up. With the help frm the cmmunity, anther gal was reached in 2010 — the Kpila Valley Schl. Over 350 children nw attend the schl and ver 50 live in the hme. ...
81.What can we learn frm Paragraph 3? A. The street children nce wrked as babysitters. B. Dyne gt sme supprt frm the cmmunity. C. Dyne brrwed much mney frm the gvernment. D. Over 5,000 children attend the Kpila Valley Schl.
【思路指导】　题干问的是"我们能从第三段中了解到什么?",通读本段内容并浏览四个选项后可推知,B选项的描述与原文中"With the help frm the cmmunity"一致,故B项符合题意。
方法二　文章来源或读者对象推断题的做题方法 文章来源或读者对象推断题要求考生具备一定的常识。因此考生本身要对报纸、杂志、网络、科普知识、小说、广告、说明书、旅行指南等有基本的了解,这样才能在做题时根据文章的特点选出答案。推断文章出处是英语阅读中一个比较常见的考点,常用的技巧有: 1.根据文章的主要内容进行判断,如:介绍某产品性能的文章可能来自广告;介绍科学知识的文章可能选自科学杂志;介绍新型交通工具的文章可能来自报纸上有关科技的版块;介绍某处名胜或景点的文章可能出自旅游杂志等。
2.根据文章的关键信息进行判断,如:含有网址的文章可能出自网站;含有experiment, research等词的文章可能来自科学报告;含有admissin, cst, pening hurs等词或短语的文章可能来自旅行指南;含有fd, health等词的文章可能来自杂志或报纸的健康版块。
【典例5】　[2020安徽阅读A篇节选] ... ■ A single dllar gets me almst nthing, s I will get my friends tgether and ask each f them t give a dllar. We will give an pen-air cncert in ur twn. I hpe the shw can brighten the day f the twn.David Andrew
■ In my travels, I find peple need clean drinking water mst. I nce saw in Africa 40 t 50 peple travel 25 miles fr water. S I will use the dllar t prvide free drinking water fr peple in need.Ben Harrisn Fllw us n httpsjustfrfun.cm/art f living fr mre.
58.Where des the text prbably cme frm? A. A film magazine. B. A science reprt. C. A website. D. A travel guide.
【思路指导】　由文章最后一句"Fllw us n httpsjustfrfun.cm/art f living fr mre"可推知,本文是网页内容,故选C。
方法三　态度倾向推断题和评述性推断题的做题方法 态度倾向推断题旨在考查考生是否了解作者或文中人物对某人/事物所持的观点或态度,它要求考生具备在正确理解文意的基础上,对观点或态度倾向进行分析、判断的能力。
评述性推断题要求考生对文章所交代的人或事物进行评价,此时要注意作者对相关人或事物的细节描写。这些观点态度或评价通常隐藏在对人物的描写中,或者隐藏在作者对文中事物进行描述时所用的特殊词汇或句子中。解此类题目时应注意: 1.要区分开作者的态度和作者阐述的他人的态度; 2.切勿用自己的观点代替作者的观点或文中人物的观点; 3.要特别留意那些描写环境、气氛的语言以及表达感情、态度或观点 的词语。
【典例6】　[2017安徽阅读B篇节选]　　Still remember the fllwing pems? Memries return every time I read r hear them.
77. What d yu think f "I" in the third pem? A. Helpful. 　 B. Lucky.　 C. Crazy. 　 D. Shy.
【思路指导】　题干问的是"第三首诗中你认为‘我’是一个什么样的人"。通读第三首诗的内容可知,"我"能做很多家务活,如:摆餐具、扫地、洗碗等,由此可推知,"我"是一个能给予助的人。故选A。
主旨大意题旨在考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力,以及加工与概括信息的能力。题干中往往出现下列词语:tpic,title,main idea,mainly tell us,mainly abut等。 主旨大意题的考查方向: 1.概括整篇文章的中心思想(mainly abut); 2.选择最佳标题(best title); 3.分析归纳文章某部分的段落大意。
方法一　精确归纳标题的方法 1.要想正确解题,首先要了解标题的基本特点:浓缩性强,多为一个短语;涵盖面广,一般要求能覆盖全文;精确度高,不能随意改变文章的内容及要点信息。 2.选定标题的基本原则 (1)要在阅读原文的基础上,仔细考虑所给选项与文章主题是否有密切的联系。 (2)看它对文章的概括是否准确,覆盖面是否够广。 注意避免出现概括不够、过度概括、以具体细节代替主旨大意等错误。
3.选定标题的四大标准 精——概括文章中心思想的语言要精练。 准——注意文章的内涵和外延,作者的观点表达得要准确。 统——标题要能统领文章的细节信息。 新——标题要新颖,对读者有吸引力,能激发读者的阅读兴趣。
【典例7】　[2020安徽阅读D篇节选] Xia Lvying is an ld man living in a village near the Yangtze River. He used t be a fisherman. But nw he is head f a vluntary(志愿的) team that cleans waste frm the Yangtze River.　　T prtect finless prpises(江豚) and the Yangtze River, the gvernment has stpped peple frm fishing n the river. In 2019, Xia Lvying frmed the vluntary team with 12 ther fishermen. Tday the team has mre than 50 members. All f them are ver 60 years ld. "We want t prtect the river while we can," said Xia.
Every week, the team g alng the river t cllect waste and make sure n ne is fishing n the river. Sme f the waste they cllect is sent t the dispsal statin, while sme that can be reused is sld. S far, they have cleaned ver 50 tns f waste. Thanks t their hard wrk, the Yangtze River is getting clearer.
68.What is the best title(标题) fr the text? A. Fishing n the Yangtze River B. Tns f Waste in the Yangtze River C. Reasns fr Prtecting the Yangtze River D. A Vluntary Team Prtecting the Yangtze River
【思路指导】　通读文章可知,本文主要讲述了肖吕应和其他渔民组成了一支志愿者队伍,致力于保护长江和河豚的事迹。故D项"一支保护长江的志愿队"适合作文章的标题。
方法二　概括文章大意的方法 每篇文章都有一个中心思想,获取文章中心思想的有效方法就是辨认主题句。主题句具有简洁、概括性强等特点,起着统领全文的作用,文中的所有事实、细节都是为主题句服务的。主题句常出现在文章的首段或尾段。因此,我们要特别注意文章的首段和尾段。有的文章没有主题句,中心思想隐含在文章中,比如故事类题材的文章,这需要我们对文章的事实细节进行分析、归纳和总结,从而得到文章大意。
【典例8】　[2020安徽阅读C篇节选] ... Keeping a diary helps a lt. Studies have shwn that peple wh keep a diary sleep and feel better. It helps peple remember what nce happened such as dreams, friendships and happiness. Writing abut bad feelings can als help brains get ver them and mve n. Persnally, I learn better abut myself and my relatinships with thers by keeping a diary. ...
65.What is the secnd paragraph(段落) mainly abut? A. Reasns fr fighting with Dad. B. Rules f cmparing neself with thers. C. Ways f having clear skin. D. Advantages f keeping a diary.
【思路指导】　本段的首句是主题句。本段主要讲述了记日记的好处。故选D。
词义猜测题是考查考生英语语言能力和思维品质的一个重要形式,考查的单词或短语一般都超出了课标词汇表的范围,考生需要重点掌握根据上下文猜测生词或短语意思的技巧,从而准确理解文章。一般常见的有以下几种解题方法:方法一　通过上下文猜测词义 任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的,都跟句子所在的段落及篇章有联系,考生可利用上下文提供的线索合理地分析,猜测词义。
【典例9】　[2019安徽阅读D篇节选] ... While 75% f ur planet is cvered with water, nly abut 2% is fresh water — that cmes frm rivers, lakes, ice and snw. The rest, 98% f the water, is in seas and ceans. It is t salty t drink. Then desalinatin businesses cme in. Mre than 19,000 factries have been built arund the wrld, mstly in castal cuntries. They prcess (加工) mre than 92 millin tns f water every day. But the technlgy they use requires a lt f energy. ...
85.What des the underlined wrd "desalinatin" in Paragraph 3 mean? A. 远洋运输B. 潮汐发电 C. 食盐销售D. 海水淡化
【思路指导】　画线词前提到"海水太咸了不能喝",画线词后提到"全世界,特别是沿海国家建立工厂来加工水",由此可推知,画线词所在句是说"海水淡化行业出现了"。故选D。
方法二　通过构词法猜测词义 阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生、转化或合成而来的新词,考生可以根据构词法方面的知识来猜测词义。
【典例10】　[2020株洲节选] ... If yu cme t an American's hme, yu'd better let the hsts knw ahead f time unless yu're very clse friends, especially when yu want t stay fr a few days. Here's a gd rule fr guests: shrt stays are best. Even relatives, fr example, their aunts, uncles r cusins, dn't usually stay fr several weeks every time. While yu're staying with an American family, try t keep yur living area clean and tidy. Yur hst family will thank yu fr yur cnsideratin. And they may even invite yu back! ...
54.The underlined wrd "cnsideratin" in the furth paragraph means "　　　　" in Chinese.  A. 体贴　　 B. 大方　　　　C. 聪明
【思路指导】　cnsider有"仔细考虑;体谅"之意,此处cnsideratin为名词,根据画线词前的"当你和一个美国家庭待在一起时,尽量保持你居住的区域干净整洁"可推知,他们会感谢你的"体贴",故答案为A。
方法三　通过同义词、反义词猜测词义 在所给的上下文中,有时会出现与生词同义或反义的词语,这时可根据熟悉的词语的含义推知生词的含义。
【典例11】　[2016安徽阅读D篇节选] ... He has raised $400,000 fr his Little Red Wagn Fundatin since then. It gives mney t prjects which help hmeless children. In 2007, Zach began walking t supprt a children's charity(慈善组织)in Tampa, Flrida. He finished his jurney 23 days later, 280 miles away in Tallahassee.Then in the summer f 2009, he trekked abut 670 miles frm Atlanta t Washingtn, D.C., in just tw mnths. ...
86.The underlined wrd "trekked"in Paragraph 3 prbably means "　　　".  A. 延伸B. 挖掘 C. 跋涉D. 飞行
【思路指导】　结合画线词前的关键信息"walking","jurney"以及"miles"可知Zach通过走路的方式给需要助的人筹款。故trek的同义词应是walk。结合四个选项可知C项符合题意。
方法四　通过定义、解释或举例猜测词义 生词后往往有:that is t say, that means, stand fr, in ther wrds等短语。有时such as, like, fr example等后面的内容也可助考生猜测生词的意思。
【典例12】　[2018安徽阅读A篇节选] ... Flying kites Kites have quite a lng histry.The earliest kites were made f wd,instead f paper.The three mst famus kites are the Beijing kite,Tianjin kite and Weifang kite.Each has its wn feature.Fr example,the bird-shaped kite with lng wings is a special kind f the Beijing kite. ...
73.What des the underlined wrd "feature" mean in the text? A. 特征B. 地貌C. 五官D. 影片
【思路指导】　根据画线词后的"Fr example,the bird-shaped kite with lng wings is a special kind f the Beijing kite"可推知画线词意为"特征"。
安徽中考英语的任务型阅读理解,共设三道小题。考查方式以细节理解题为主,同时可能涉及推理判断题、主旨大意题。主要考查特殊疑问句的问答,且答案词数有要求。解题时,首先要清楚一些疑问词的含义,常考的有:What (什么),Hw (怎样),Why (为什么),Where (在哪里), Which (哪一个),When (什么时候)等。然后根据题干中的关键信息,在文中相应的位置找到该信息并迅速确定答案。
不同的特殊疑问句有不同的回答技巧,几类常见的特殊疑问句的回答可参考以下方法:①特殊疑问词是What时,回答的是具体内容。②特殊疑问词是Where时,回答多用表示地点的介词短语。③特殊疑问词是Why时,回答的是其原因,通常用because来引导。④特殊疑问词是When时,回答多用表示时间的介词短语。 【注意】安徽中考任务型阅读理解的答案有词数要求,考生在答题过程中应根据词数限定来确定最终答案。
【典例1】　[2020安徽阅读F篇节选] ... Fir Tree(杉树) had many tree friends. In summer, they watched Bird and Squirrel(松鼠)play in the field. Then autumn arrived. The leaves n ther trees turned clurful. Fir Tree's leaves stayed green. Fir Tree tld Mther Nature that he wanted his leaves t change clurs t. ...
73.What did Fir Tree want t d in autumn? (不超过10个词)—————————————————————————————
【思路指导】　题干问的是"杉树秋天想做什么"。根据题干中的关键信息"autumn"锁定文段中的第三句。再根据文中的"Fir Tree tld Mther Nature that he wanted his leaves t change clurs t"可知答案可写为"He wanted t change the clurs f his leaves."。
【典例2】　[2017安徽阅读E篇节选] ... Bys and girls smetimes talk like these tw buckets. Yu may hear ne f them say, "Just as we are having a gd game, we are made t stp and g t wrk again.""Yes,"the ther will reply, "but as sn as wrk is ver, we always get t g ut and have fun again."There are tw ways f lking at things. If yu want t be happy, lk at the bright side.