人教版高中英语选择性必修第三册课时分层作业含答案

课时分层作业(七)　

Ⅰ.单词拼写

根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词

1．The snow in the garden had melted and turned into water.

2．We gave them bread，lest they should starve(饿死)．

3．The love and support of his family sustained him during his time in prison.

4．Child welfare services are well established and comprehensive．

5．The story has attracted worldwide attention.

6．There is a growing trend(趋势) towards earlier retirement.

7．The financial markets have given the thumbs up to the new policy(政策)．

8．Let us seize this opportunity because it won't come again for another year.

9．What matters in reform(改革) is not words but actions.

10．While a moderate(适度的) amount of stress can be beneficial，too much stress can exhaust you.

Ⅱ.阅读理解

A

(2021·安徽省界首市高二期末)Looking for a fun Earth Day activity？You may want to try plogging，or picking up litter while jogging.Strange as it may sound，the new“sport”is becoming popular with runners worldwide，many of whom are posting photos of themselves and friends holding bags of trash on social media.

Plogging is the idea of Erik Alstrom.In 2016，after moving to Stockholm in northern Sweden，Alstrom showed concern over the amount of trash on the road during his daily bike ride to work.Thus，he began plogging during his daily runs.

Other joggers soon joined Alstrom，and the activity became so popular that official“plogging”events started all across Sweden.As plogging became popular on social media，the new“sport”began to spread beyond Sweden，first to other European countries and then worldwide.

The official online“Plogga”group now includes members from over 40 countries，all the way from United States cities like Ohio to Thailand and Ecuador.Many school running clubs are also getting in on the action to encourage people，staging competitions that reward the runners with the heaviest trash bags.

As it turns out，plogging is not only good for the environment but also a healthy way to exercise.According to Swedish fitness app Lifesun，an average person burns about 288 calories while plogging for half an hour.This is about 50 calories more than he/she would burn when just jogging.Additionally，the constant squatting(蹲)to pick up litter increases the plogger's flexibility，while lugging(费力地拖)around the increasingly heavy garbage bags helps strengthen his/her arm muscles.

On this Earth Day，be sure to put on your running shoes，carry a trash bag or two，and go plogging.Or better still，start a plogging team at school，or around your neighborhood，and make every day Earth Day!

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了“拾荒慢跑”这一“新”运动正在世界各地的跑步者中流行起来，介绍了这一运动的发起者和在世界范围内的流行情况。事实证明，拾荒慢跑不仅对环境有好处，而且是一种健康的锻炼方式。

1．Why did Erik Alstrom decide to pick up litter while running?

A．He wanted to clear out a path to ride his bike.

B．He was concerned about the trash on the road.

C．He was fond of exercising on his way to work.

D．He dreamed to become popular across Sweden.

B　[细节理解题。根据第二段的“In 2016，after moving to Stockholm in northern Sweden，Alstrom showed concern over the amount of trash on the road...his daily runs.”可知Erik Alstrom决定跑步捡垃圾是因为他担心路上的垃圾。]

2．How do school running clubs support the new“sport”？

A．They post photos of official events online.

B．They explain what plogging means on stage.

C．They compete with one another for members.

D．They hold competitions to attract people to plog.

D　[细节理解题。根据第四段的“Many school running clubs...staging competitions that...trash bags.”可知，学校跑步俱乐部通过举办比赛来吸引人们支持这项新的“运动”。]

3．Why is Swedish fitness app Lifesun mentioned in Paragraph 5?

A．To show that plogging is of benefit to health.

B．To say that plogging is environment­friendly.

C．To offer the approaches to exercising properly.

D．To tell joggers to carry heavy bags to work out.

A　[细节理解题。第五段第一句“As it turns out，plogging is not only good for the environment but also a healthy way to exercise.”是本段主题句，后面提到瑞典健身应用Lifesun是为主题句服务的，即为了说明拾荒慢跑有益于健康。]

4．What is the best title for the text?

A．Plogging：A Strange but New “Sport” for Runners

B．What We Should Do to Reduce the Amount of Litter

C．Running Is Really Helpful to Environmental Protection

D．Plogging：A Fun Activity for Earth Day and Every Day

D　[标题归纳题。全文围绕拾荒慢跑这个中心展开，这个活动是地球日的一个活动。]

B

In the past，most people would just throw away their worn­out appliances(家用电器)，but due to the many environmental issues that this has caused over the years，it is highly suggested to consider recycling or other ways.

Donate Your Appliances to an Organization

The first thing that most people think about when they hear about donating is giving old things to a charity or an organization.However，you should ensure that your appliances still work.Not only do you put repair costs on the charity，but you are also using the organization as a way to get rid of your junk.

Find a New Owner

There are many people that could greatly benefit from your used appliances，including new couples，students，poverty­stricken families，and many others.Similar to donating to a charity，it is important to ensure that your appliances are in good working order，and if they are not，you can put up an ad.definitely stating that you are giving away the broken appliances for free.

Contact a Recycling Company

Before you do recycle your old items，there are several things that you should be aware of.First of all，you need to know about how refrigerator freezers，and air conditioners are recycled，as often these must be covered.According to your city，you may be required to take off the doors of your appliances to protect children or animals from getting trapped inside and getting hurt.

Donate Your Appliances as Scrap(废品)Metal

If your old appliances are completely broken，it might be best to just give them away as scrap metal.Fortunately，there are many different organizations and companies that need as much metal as they can get.Additionally，you won't have to do any of the scrapping or tearing apart by yourselves，as professionals take care and effort in removing harmful elements.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。扔掉旧电器会造成许多环境问题，本文介绍了旧电器循环利用的几种方式。

5．What's the similarity between the first two ways?

A．The appliances are given away for free.

B．The appliances should be better in good condition.

C．The appliances will be sent to organizations.

D．The harmful parts of appliances must be got rid of.

B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However，you should ensure that your appliances still work.”和第三段中的“Similar to donating to a charity，it is important to ensure...are in good working order...”可知，前两种方式的相似之处是要确保家用电器都能运转，即电器状况良好。故选B。]

6．If we want to recycle our old appliances，what should we consider?

A．What kind of appliances can be recycled?

B．Who can really benefit much from them?

C．Whether they will cause some danger or harm.

D．Which is the most suitable recycling company?

C　[细节理解题。根据Contact a Recycling Company一段最后一句“According to your city，you may...and getting hurt.”可知，如果我们想回收利用我们的旧电器，我们应该考虑它们是否会造成一些危险或伤害。]

7．What can you do if you want to donate your completely broken appliances?

A．Tear them apart on your own.

B．Give them to companies that need metal.

C．Remove the harmful elements of them yourself.

D．Make sure companies that want the metal pay the delivery fee.

B　[细节理解题。根据最后一段前两句“If your old appliances are completely broken，it might...need as much metal as they can get.”可知，如果你想捐出完全坏掉的电器，可以把它们捐给需要金属的公司。]

Ⅲ.阅读七选五

It takes self­discipline to solve water pollution，air pollution and soil pollution caused by plastic bags.  1  ．It starts within yourself just at your own backyard and inside house.Here are very simple and effortless things you can do to help resolve plastic bag pollution.

Ban the use of plastic bags

It may be difficult to do that because plastic bags are normally easy and light to carry.  2  ，then you are helping the advocacy against plastic bag pollution.

Use eco­friendly or biodegradable(可生物降解的)bags

You do not have to worry about banning plastic bags.There are environmentally friendly bags that you can use as an alternative.When you go out to the grocery store or supermarket to buy things，have eco­friendly bags with you.In fact，there are now new plastic bags that are biodegradable.  3  ．

Reuse plastic bags

It is also possible to recycle the use of plastic bags.Instead of throwing them，have them usable for your next usage.  4  ．This is actually the first start on how you can totally ban the use of plastic bags.If you think your plastic bags have been reused for many times，then that's the time you can throw them in the non­biodegradable can.

  5 

From stores to industrial companies，there are places where you can give your plastic bags for recycling.You can even find in your place some recycling centers where you can give away the plastic bags you have.Just give them to these places to help prevent pollution.

A．Do not throw plastic bags

B．Donate plastic bags to recycling centers

C．It helps you to reduce getting more plastic bags in this case too

D．As plastic bags won't be easy to stop in giving threats to pollution

E．The answer is not only about government campaigns or organizations

F．If you can limit your use until you are able to 100% stay away from it

G．They can also be good options to use without having to worry about pollution

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种解决塑料袋污染的方法。

1．E　[逻辑关联法解题。根据下一句“It starts within yourself just at your own backyard and inside house.”可知，解决污染问题要从自我做起，就从自己家的后院和房子里开始。E选项与本句的小措施形成对比：这不仅仅是政府运动或组织的事。]

2．F　[逻辑关联法解题。根据下文“then you are helping the advocacy against plastic bag pollution”可知，此处表示支持禁止塑料袋的倡议的做法，即F选项：要是你可以限制自己使用塑料袋直到完全不用的话。]

3．G　[逻辑关联法解题。根据上文“In fact，there are now new plastic bags that are biodegradable.”可知，此处说明可降解塑料袋的有关情况，即G选项：它们也是很好的选择，不用担心污染。G选项中的代词they指代上文的可降解塑料袋。]

4．C　[逻辑关联法解题。根据上文可知，要循环使用塑料袋，那么此处应表示这样做的意义，即C选项：在这种情况下，它也可以帮助你减少购买塑料袋的数量。]

5．B　[设题位置法解题。各小标题都是祈使句，并且下文主要介绍的是把塑料袋捐给回收中心等地方，以防止污染。B选项中recycling centers对应文中recycling centers。]