高中英语外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 4 Everyday economics背景图ppt课件

定语从句

一 、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

[观察例句]

1．This is the place which is worth visiting.

2．Those who expect the worst are less likely to be disappointed.

3．His favorite hobbies are swimming and gardening，which have become a necessary part of his life.

4．My father was easily cheated，which surprised me.

5．The reason why he failed in the exam was that he didn't study hard.

6．We then moved to Paris，where we lived for six years.

[归纳用法]

1．引导定语从句的有关系代词(who，whom，that，which，as)、关系副词(where，when，why)和介词＋关系代词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。

2．定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句(如例1、例2、例5) 和非限制性定语从句(如例3、例4、例6)。

3．限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。该从句与主句的关系十分密切，和先行词之间没有逗号分开，作宾语的关系代词通常可以省略。

4．非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作附加补充说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚完整。该从句与主句的关系不是很密切，和先行词之间有逗号分开；不能用why引导，一般不用that引导；关系代/副词均不可省略。

5．定语从句的先行词可以是一个词(如例2、例6)、几个词(如例1、例3、例5)或整个句子(如例4)。

[名师点津]

(一)关系代词的用法

1.关系代词通常用that的情况：

(1)先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时

Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?

(2)先行词被序数词，形容词最高级，the only，the very，the last等修饰时

This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.

(3)先行词既有人又有物时

The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.

(4)定语从句出现在which或who开头的特殊疑问句中时

Which is the bike that you lost?

(5)有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词用了which时

They secretly built up a small factory，which produced things that could cause pollution.

(6)先行词在主句中作表语，关系代词在从句中作表语时。

Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.

(7)主句是there be句型且关系词在从句中作主语时

There is a seat in the corner that is still available.

(8)先行词为the way ，关系代词在从句中作状语时

I hate the way that she always criticizes me.

2．关系代词只用which的情况：

(1)引导非限制性定语从句

Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others，which，of course，made the others envy him.

(2)关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前

This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.

(二)关系副词的用法

当先行词为situation，case，stage，point等表示抽象意义的词，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where。

(三)which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别

[即学即练1]　单句语法填空

①A plane is a machine that/which can fly.

②The result was not the same as they had expected，which was rather disappointing.

③This is the only thing that we can do now.

④The school where I study is far from my home.

⑤My daughter，whose job requires her to do a lot of travelling，is always away from home.

⑥Who is the boy that won the gold medal?

二、“(名词/代词/形容词最高级＋)介词＋关系代词(＋名词)”引导的定语从句

[观察例句]

1．This depends on the purpose for which the exhaust steam is used.

2．In the dark street there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.

3．We first attended the opening parade，for which our class had made a lot of preparations.

4．He is telling a story of Lei Feng，of whom every one of us is proud.

5．Recently，I bought an ancient vase，the price of which was very reasonable.

6．He has ten cousins，the youngest of whom is very clever.

7．Lily might possibly come，in which case I'll ask her.

8．There is a big window in my room，from where I can see the railway station.

[归纳用法]

1．介词后的关系代词只用which或whom。

2．介词的选用受到三个方面的制约：(1)介词与先行词的搭配习惯(如例 1 中的for the purpose )；(2)介词是从句中谓语的组成部分(如例 2 中的turn to，例4 中的 is proud of )；(3)句子意思表达的需要(如例 3 )。

3．“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”可用“whose＋名词”替换(如例 5 中 可换为whose price)

4．“形容词最高级＋of＋关系代词”可以引导定语从句(如例 6 )。另外，“数词/some，many，most，each等不定代词＋of＋关系代词 ”也可以引导定语从句。

5．有时为了表达清楚，用“介词＋关系副词”引导定语从句(如例 8)。

6．“ 介词＋关系代词＋名词 ”引导定语从句，是句子意思表达的需要(如例 7)。

[名师点津]

as引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：such＋名词＋as(像……一样的，像……之类的)；such(pron.)＋as(像……一样的，像……之类的)；the same＋名词＋as(和……同样的)。

We have found such materials as are used in their factory.

I have the same book as he has.

[即学即练2]　单句语法填空

①The boy has bought a telescope，through which he can look at the stars.

②Material collecting took us a whole week，during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life.

③There are a lot of skyscrapers in New York，for which it is famous.

④This is the day on which he did the experiment.

⑤There can be few streets in London in which  you cannot buy books.

⑥Take part in activities at school，through which you can make more friends.

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．The place which interested me most was the Children's Palace.

2．This is the hotel where they stayed last month.

3．This woman has set a good example to her son，who is a really lucky guy.

4．I'm interested in all that you have said.

5．Do you know the year when the Chinese Communist Party was founded?

6．They arrived at a farm house, in front of which sat a small boy.

7．The engineer with whom my father works is about 50 years old.

8．Is there anyone in your class whose family is in the country?

9．I want to use the same dictionary as was used yesterday.

10．Reading has a lot of advantages，one of which is that it helps you develop reading skills.

Ⅱ.短文语法填空

The film 1.that is called Titanic is such a beautiful and sad love story 2.as is popular with the public，3.whose hero and heroine are Jack and Ross.Ross is a young beautiful woman with 4.whom her mother went to America.Jack，5.who won a ship ticket by playing cards，is a poor painter.They met and fell in love with each other on Titanic 6.where they had a happy time.Sadly，the nice journey was destroyed by an unexpected storm，7.when Jack lost his life for saving Ross(everyone will be moved by the selfless way in 8. which most people can not behave in real life)．Before Jack left Ross forever，he encouraged Ross to live well for him.9.As is known to all，love is the strongest strength.And that is the reason 10.why Ross could live alone and told us the moving story.