2022-2023学年九年级上学期英语期末必考点专练 阅读理解——科技及环保

这是一份2022-2023学年九年级上学期英语期末必考点专练 阅读理解——科技及环保，共49页。
阅读理解——科技及环保

环保——抛弃型社会
环保——全球变暖
科技——基因
科技——彩虹
科技——太空垃圾的危害
其他——健康
——如何提高记忆力

一
(2021-2022学年南京市建邺区)
C
Paper cups, plastic bags and old newspapers. There are so many single-use things（一次性物品）that we throw away after using only once.
___①___ According to news website Quartz we are now living in a “throw-away society”. Single-use has become a natural way of life and can be seen almost everywhere.
___②___ Every day, we see new memes (表情包), stories and Internet slang (网络俚语) on social media. With so many of them coming out all the time, the lifespan (寿命) of each becomes short ---- they become “singe-use online products”. This also means social media users are always searching for the next big thing.
___③___ You may feel frustrated (沮丧) when trying to keep up with these memes and slang, but you just cannot help but keep scrolling(滚屏). It is endless ---- no matter it’s WeChat Moments (朋友圈), Sina Weibo or Facebook.
___ ④___  While you read single-use content (内容) online, you also produce it. Since 2017, WeChat Moments (朋友圈) has allowed users to make only the last three days of their posts viewable (可见的). As a result, more and more people don’t take their posts seriously.
Since it doesn’t take too much time and energy to communicate anymore, we now even have disposable (用后即扔的) friendships, according to a story in Fast Company.
A single-use way of life may give you quick pleasure. But the pleasure may not last for long because there is no deep thought behind it. Maybe we need to slow down and enjoy a more thoughtful way of life.
32. Where can we best put “But the idea of single-use is about more than just plastic and paper.”?
A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④
33. Why does the writer mention “WeChat Moments’ three days viewable” in Paragraph 5?
A. To show that WeChat take all the users’ privacy (隐私) seriously.
B. To explain the reason why the lifespan of memes and slang becomes short.
C. To teach WeChat users how to post something meaningful on their Moments.
D. To prove that we are producing single-use things when we read them online.
34. What is the writer’s opinion of single-use way of life?
A. Since single-use way of life gives us pleasure, we should enjoy it.
B. Single-use life will be helpful to our relationship with others.
C. We need to think twice and lead a more thoughtful way of life.
D. Single-use life is a natural way of life and we should get used to it.
35. The writer would probably talk about __________ if he continues to write this passage.
A. the disadvantages of singe-use way of life
B. the reasons that cause singe-use way of life
C. the ways to avoid singe-use way of life
D. different opinions about singe-use way of life.
二
(2021-2022学年南京市栖霞区)
D
The Chacaltaya ski area sits upon a small mountain glacier(冰河)in Bolivia. Although the area is less than a kilometer long, it once hosted international ski competitions. In the past ten years, however, the snow has melted(融化) very quickly. As Chacaltaya glacier melts, dark rocks are uncovered. These rocks absorb more heat, causing the snow to melt faster. The cycle seems unstoppable in the long run. Today, the snow is almost gone, and so are Chacaltaya’s days as a popular ski resort.
A Global(全球的) Problem
In recent years, scientists all around the world have come to a terrifying(可怕的) conclusion.Global warming is a real problem, and one largely caused by human activity. But as experts discuss how to solve the problem, ice in mountains such as Chacaltaya, and near the North and South Poles, is melting faster than even the most pessimistic(悲观的)environmentalists once feared. Ten years ago, scientists warned that the Arctic Ocean(北冰洋)could lose all its ice in about a hundred years. Now, they think it could happen much sooner. As climate scientist Mark Scrreze puts it, “Reality is exceeding expectations.”
Glacicr Run
The ice sheet of Greenland is also melting more quickly than scientists predicted. Its largest outlet glacier, Jakobshavn Isbra, is moving toward the sea faster than we thought. In fact, the glacier is moving twice as fast as it was in 1995. Rising air and sea temperatures are two well-known causes. Researchers have also discovered other unexpected processes that cause them to melt faster. For instance, water from melting ice runs down cracks(裂缝)in the glacier and gets between the ice and the rock below. This makes it easier for the glacier to go into the warmer sea water.
Some researchers believe that Greenland’s melting if it continues, could add at least a meter to global sea levels by 2100. If the ice sheet of Antarctica, now largely unaffected(未受影响的),begins to melt, the next few centuries could see at least a two-meter rise in sea levels, forcing ten of millions of people out of their homes.
Drying Out
While the melting of glaciers may flood some areas of the Earth, global warming is making the water disappear from other places. Many scientists think the glaciers of the Himalayas and the Andes could disappear in this century. As a result millions of people in India, Bangladesh. Bolivia and Peru who depend on water from mountain glaciers like Chacaltaya could find themselves in critical situation. An increasing number of heat waves and droughts worldwide also suggests global warming is having an influence on humans right now. and that it could change the face of the world in the future.
How can we avoid these terrible consequences(后果)? “We have to have a serious and immediate change in attitude(态度),”says Laurie David, a producer of the movie An inconvenient truth, which helped to raise awareness(意识)of the problem. Many believe that an attitude of hope makes a good beginning. As most would agree, an informed public is clearly in a better position to help address this critical issue.
37. What is the main idea of this reading article?
A. Rising temperatures can cause global warming.
B. Global warming is causing problems on Earth.
C. Scientists are trying to slow the melting of glaciers.
D. GIobal warming is melting ski areas all around the world.
38. What does the underlined sentence “Reality is exceeding expectations” mean?
A. The Arctic ice melting faster than predicted. B. People having no water to drink in Peru.
C. The sun getting hotter than scientists thought. D. Experts solving the global warming problem.
39. What do some researchers believe will happen by the year 2100?
A. Global sea levels will rise by at least a meter.
B. There will be no more ice in the Arctic Ocean.
C. The ice sheet of Antarctica will have completely melted.
D. There will be fewer heat waves and droughts all over the world.
40. Which of the following would Laurie David probably agree with?
A. Global warming is a problem that will fix itself over time.
B. The average person can’t do much to affect global warming.
C. To stop global warming ,people need to change how they think.
D. Global warming will only be a problem many years in the future.
三
(2021-2022学年南京市玄武区)
D
When we see babies or pets, we can’t help gently touching them to show our love. And they give us happy feelings back. But a recent study shows that it’s different for plants.
A study, published in The Plant Journal, shows that plants don’t “like” to be touched. That’s because touching changes their genes (基因) and, even worse, can slow their growth.
Professor Jim Whelan of the La Trobe Institute in Australia gave an explanation. “The lightest touch from a human, animal, insect, or even plants touching each other in the wind, leads to a huge gene change in the plant,” Science Daily reported.
In order to test the theory, the scientists did an experiment on plants. They grew a number of plants to the age of four weeks. Then they touched them with a paintbrush every 12 hours over a 36-hour period.
They found that as a response to the touch, the mitochondria (线粒体) in the plants had been partly destroyed. The mitochondria, as Science Alert noted, are the “powerhouse of the cell. The mitochondria produce energy for the rest of the cell in both animals and plants.
If this “powerhouse” is weakened, the plants will lose a large amount of energy that should have supported their growth.
Whelan further explained to Science Daily, “If the touching is repeated, then plant growth is reduced by up to 30 percent.”
Although the process does have a strong effect on plants, usually the plants survive. Touching changes the plants, but it’s not necessarily a bad change.
According to Science Alert, frequent touching or moving plants will make them grow shorter than other ones.
The researchers believe this change, in some ways, could be helpful. It may help plants fight threats to their health such as insects and bad weather.
The new research findings have led to a deeper understanding of the plants’ response to touching. And the research might “open up new ways to reduce sensitivity (敏感性) and optimize (优化) growth in the future”, Science Alert reported.
34. Why don’t plants like to be touched?
A. Plants’ genes will be changed.
B. Plants will grow much taller than others.
C. Plants growth will be reduced by up to 40 percent.
D. Plants will lose the ability to fight against bad weather.
35. What does the underlined word “weakened” in Paragraph 6 possibly mean?
A. Becoming stronger. B. Becoming less strong.
C. Becoming less changeable. D. Becoming more changeable.
36. What can we get from the new research?
A. A new way to increase sensitivity in the future.
B. A totally bad and strong influence on plants’ growth.
C. A wonderful method to help plants grow better and better.
D. A deeper understanding of the plants’ response to touching.
四
You might have seen beautiful rainbows in the sky before. They form when sunlight falls on water drops in the air. But in fact, moonlight can also create rainbows in the same way. They are called “moonbows”. They are similar to rainbows, but they are created by moonlight instead of direct sunlight.
Moonbows are rarer than rainbows. Different weather and astronomical（天文学的）conditions have to be just right for moonbows to be created.
The moon has to be very low in the sky-only 42 degrees from the horizon（地平线）. The moon period has to be a full moon or nearly full. The sky must be very dark for a moonbow to be watched clearly—any bright light can obscure it. Water drops must appear in the air in the opposite direction of the moon.
Moonbows appear on the opposite side of the moon and usually look white to the human eye. This is because their colors are not bright enough to be noticed by the human eye. It is possible, however, to view the colors in a moonbow using long exposure（长时间曝光）photography.
Moonbows more often appear in some locations around the world. Most of these locations usually have waterfalls, which create thin fog in the air. Some of these locations are the Yosemite National Park in California and Cumberland Falls State Resort Park in Kentucky, US; Victoria Falls on the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe; and Waimea in Hawaii, US.
Moonbows do really happen. So at a certain time and a certain place, when a moonbow happens to appear, you can’t miss it if you're right there.
42. According to the first two paragraphs, moonbows are ________.
A. created by sunlight B. much easier to find
C. seen during the day D. more difficult to form
43. Which of the following can be the conditions for a moonbow to form?
A. A half moon hangs high in the bright sky.
B. A full moon is 50 degrees from the horizon.
C. A nearly full moon hangs low in the dark sky.
D. Water drops are in the opposite direction of the sun.
44. What does the underlined word “obscure” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. cover B. drop C. connect D. produce
45. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. Conditions of moonbows. B. Background of moonbows.
C. Locations of moonbows. D. Development of moonbows.
五
(2021-2022学年泰州市海陵区)
D

On Nov.16, seven astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS) woke up to an alarm (警报). A Russian missile (导弹) test had just bombed a satellite into more than 1,500 pieces of space debris (残骸). Some got very close to the ISS.
NASA says space debris like this can travel at more than 28,000 km/h. That’s much faster than a bullet (子弹) (about 3,500 km/h). Even a pea-sized piece of debris could “wipe out” a space station or kill an astronaut if he or she is doing a spacewalk, says Live Science.
Since the 1950s, humans have sent thousands of rockets and satellites into space. Many are still there, and we now face an ever-increasing problem of space rubbish. In 2006, for example, National Geographic reported that a tiny piece of space rubbish hit the ISS, taking a small piece of glass out of a window. In June of this year, a piece of debris ran into one of the station’s robotic arms, which are just like the arms of a robot, and left a hole.
Scientists are trying different ways to deal with the problem. One way is to use a huge net. In 2018, the UK’s Survey Space Center caught some space rubbish with a net in an experiment. It first found the debris, and then collected it with a net and a harpoon (鱼叉).
Another way is to use robotic arms. Clear Space 1, the European Space Agency’s task to clean space rubbish, is going to be sent into space in 2025. It will use robotic arms to catch debris. This plans to throw the debris into Earth’s atmosphere (大气层), where it will burn up as it falls because of strong friction (摩擦).
59. The bomb of the Russian missile mainly causes ________ according to the article.
A. plants B. soil C. food D. space debris
60. According to NASA, space debris moves ________ as fast as a bullet.
A. eight times B. nine times C. seven times D. six times
61. What happens to a space station if it gets “wiped out”?
A. It gets cleaned. B. It gets rebuilt. C. It gets broken. D. It gets old.
62. The best ways to deal with space debris is ________ according to the article.
a. throwing it away into the planet
b. throwing it into the sun to burn up
c. collecting it with nets and harpoons
d. throwing it into Earth’s atmosphere to burn up
A. ad B. cd C. ab D. bd
63. What can we infer from Paragraph 3-4?
A There is nothing we can do to deal with space debris.
B. The astronauts are quite safe in space even there is space debris.
C. More and more tasks are failing because we don’t want to cause space rubbish.
D. Thousands of old rockets and satellites are turning into space rubbish for years.

六
(2021-2022学年盐城市亭湖区)
C
Every year, as the summer days grow shorter, an amazing change happens in Canadian forests.As summer changes to autumn, the trees turn colors, changing from summer greens to shades of red, orange, and yellow. It’s a truly wonderful sight! From a distance, the forest looks as if it’s on fire.
When I was a boy, my grandmother told me that a strange little man came at night with a paint brush to paint the leaves those wonderful colors. And I believed her for it was a wonderful way of explaining this change to a little boy. But as I grew older, my natural curiosity led me to do some research on my own. As always, science had the answer.
Trees need food, just like all lives. Leaves produce food for the tree. It’s just sugar, which is sometimes called glucose (葡萄糖). Leaves use sunlight to change water and CO2 into oxygen (氧气). The process by which leaves do this is known as photo-synthesis (光合作用). A chemical called chlorophyll (叶绿素) helps make this happen.Chlorophyll is the reason why leaves are green summer.
However, Canadian winters are long, cold and dark. There isn’t enough sunshine in winter for the leaves to make food. In autumn, as the days shorten, the trees get a signal to slow down. It’s time to take a rest. Don’t worry, though. They have enough food prepared to last all winter.
When the leaves stop making food, they no longer need to make chlorophyll. Slowly, the chlorophyll disappears. Remember, this is the chemical that makes leaves green.As the chlorophyll goes away, so does the green color. We begin to see the other colors that are always there. We could not see them before because green is a strong color.
58. The writer thought ________ changed the color of leaves in autumn when he was a child.
A. the sun B. a strange man
C. the wind D. his grandmother
59. Which of the following shows the structure of this passage?
A. B. C. D.
60. What is the passage mainly about?
A. How a strange man painted trees.
B. What food trees need during a year.
C. Why leaves change colors in autumn.
D. What magic chemicals we have now.

七

(2021-2022学年盐城市盐都区)
(C)
What if a bowl of ramen (拉面) made by a top chef was placed in front of you, but you were too sick or tired to eat? It wouldn’t matter how good the ramen is any more--you wouldn’t enjoy it anyway.
Say the boss decides to give you an extra bowl of the world’s best ramen on the house and lets you invite someone to eat for free. But you do not have any loved ones to invite not even a close friend. Your feelings of loneliness will make the ramen tasteless as well.
Ramen is like the expensive things that many of us think we want in life. Nice cars, long vacations, fancy clothes. They’re nice to have, but we shouldn’t forget that the most important things in life are our health and our loved ones. We must first take good care of our health and our loved ones before we worry about having nice things.
Being rich is not always about having more money, it can also come from the heart. Having a rich heart is about finding inner peace. Once you have achieved this, you will be thankful for what you have and be less bothered by what you don’t have. Otherwise, all the riches in the world will not be able to fill your heart.
The next time you are enjoying a bowl of delicious ramen with a loved one or a close friend, think about how lucky you are. When life brings you difficult problems and challenges, remember that these same people are there for you to help you get past difficult times.
57. In Paragraph 2, the author wants to tell us that _______.
A. we shouldn’t eat ramen alone B. being lonely is a common thing
C. eating alone is no fun for anyone D. even the best ramen can be tasteless
58. The most important things in life are ________.
A. the expensive things B. nice cars C. long vacations D. our loved ones and health
59. To have a rich heart, you should first ________.
A. get more money B. find inner peace C. be thankful for what you have D. find out what you don’t have
60. What is the main idea of the story?
A. The best way to enjoy a bowl of ramen. B. How to get past challenges.
C. How to become a rich person. D. The importance of having loved ones.

八
(2021-2022学年盐城市盐都区)

(D)
I was locked inside the cabin (小木屋). I found a saw (锯) and began to use it to make a hole secretly so that I could get out. One day, Pap returned from a trip to the store looking very angry. He began to shout and knock furniture to the floor. I sat back, waiting. I thought he’d take a stick to me.
His lawyer (律师) had told him that he would never be able to force Judge Thatcher to give him the money. He also said that Widow Douglas was again asking the court (法庭) to take me away from him, and this time the lawyer thought that the widow (寡妇) would succeed.
I knew that I did not want to return to live with the widow. I could never return to live in a proper house and go to school. I had got used to the type of life that Pap and I lived. I didn’t want to change again.
Pap said he would never allow the court to take me away from him. He would hide me in another cabin, and no one would find me. I began to worry. I knew that I had to get away before we moved out of our present cabin.
Pap told me to go to his boat and bring the food and whiskey (威士忌) that he had bought at the store. I took them up to the cabin, and then went back down to bring the boat up the shore (岸).
I looked back at the cabin, and then over at the woods. If I wanted to, I could take off running right now. I’d keep going as far away as my feet would carry me. But that was when Pap shouted, “Boy, are you asleep or drowned (淹死)?”
61. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 mean?
A. I thought he would hit me. B. I thought he couldn’t move.
C. I thought he needed a stick. D. I thought he would give me a stick.
62. Who wanted to take me away from Pap?
A. The lawyer. B. Judge Thatcher. C. Widow Douglas. D. Mark Twain.
63. “I” was expecting ________ .
A. to live with the widow B. to find a chance to run far away
C. to wear fine clothes and shoes D. Pap to let “me” live with the widow
64. Which of the words below can best describe Pap?
A. Serious. B. Patient. C. Strict. D. Rude.
65. Which is the right order of what happened in the passage?
a. Pap decided to hide me in another cabin. b. I lived with the widow and went to school.
c. Pap locked me in a cabin and I tried to get out. d. Pap went to the store to buy food and whiskey.
A. d-c-b-a B. b-c-d-a C. c-d-b-a D. c-d-a-b
九
(2021-2022学年盐城市亭湖区)

D

Huck is my name, Huckleberry Finn. The story started when my best friend, Tom Sawyer and I found $12, 000 in a cave. That money made us rich. We got $6, 000 each. Judge Thatcher, an important man in St. Petersburg, put it in the bank, and now we get a dollar a day interest (利息）.
Then a kind old lady called Widow Douglas invited me to live with her because I haven’t got a family or a home. My mother died a long time ago, then my dad, Pap, disappeared. He was a violent (狂暴的) man especially when he drank a lot, which was most of the time, and he often beat me. I was scared of him. I didn’t go to school like the other boys of my age. I lived on the streets and in the woods.
My life changed after I lived with the widow (寡妇). She gave me a bed to sleep in and bought new clothes for me. She read stories to me and taught me how to eat at a table. But then her sister Miss Watson arrived. She brought her black slave (奴隶) Jim with her. I liked Jim but I didn’t like Miss Watson very much. She often shouted at me.
Widow Douglas sent me to school every day. I didn’t like going there at first because learning was very difficult. But when I could read and write a bit, I didn’t mind going.
The months passed and winter came. The weather got cold. One morning I woke up and there was snow on the ground. On my way to school, I saw some footprints outside the widow’s house. There was a cross on the heel (脚后跟) of the left one. My heart jumped. Only one person wore boots with a cross on the left head! Pap!
“He’s heard about my money,” I thought. “And he wants it!”
That night I went to see Jim. Jim had a magic ball made of animal hair. There was a spirit inside the ball that could answer people’s questions about the future.
61. How did Huck get the money which was given to Judge Thatcher to put in the bank?
A. Huck’s father gave him.
B. Window Douglas gave him.
C. Huck and Tom Sawyer found the money in a cave.
D Huck’s mother left the money to him before she dies.
62. How did Huck feel about living with Widow Douglas?
A. He didn’t mind his new life. B. He hated his new life.
C. He wanted to get away from his new life. D. He loved his new life.
63. From the passage, we can know that __________.
A. Miss Douglas was very kind to Huck B. Mr. Thatcher was unimportant to Huck
C. Miss Watson was quite patient with Huck D. Huck’s dad was very generous to him
64. Which is the right order of what happened in the story?
①Widow Douglas sent Huck to school. ②Huck’s mother died.
③Widow Douglas invited Huck to live with her. ④Widow Douglas read stories to Huck.
A. ③④②① B. ②④③① C. ③②④① D. ②③④①
65. What can we learn about Huckleberry Finn according to the passage?
A. Huck had a happy life with his parents.
B. Thatcher offered a bed to Huck to sleep in.
C. Huck knew that Pap wanted to get his money.
D. It was Jim who helped Huck when he was in trouble.
十
(2021-2022学年无锡市梁溪区)
C
We all know there is a problem with plastic pollution. Five trillion plastic bags are used every year. One million plastic drinking bottles are bought every minute. What if we could use plastic waste to build roads? This is what Toby McCartney has already done.
In 2019, McCartney’s UK-based company, MacRebur, built the world’s first plastic road in Elgin town, Scotland. The plastic waste was made into grains (颗粒) and then mixed with bitumen (沥青). The road looks just like any other road. But it has improved strength and is more stretchy (有弹性的) thanks to the plastic.
“Our technology can not only help solve the problem of plastic waste but also produce roads that deal better with changes in the weather, reducing cracks (裂缝) and potholes (路面的坑洼),” McCartney told the BBC.
McCartney’s idea came from a trip to India. “I saw people in India would put plastic waste into potholes and burn it. The plastic would melt (熔化) down and form a seal in the hole,” said McCartney.
“I knew that there must be some similarities between the plastic and bitumen, which both come from oil. That’s how I started to think about mixing them,” he said.
“We’re just a small part of ending the plastic problems, but it’s nice to be part of it,” McCartney said. “I just don’t want my daughters to live in a world where there are more plastics in our oceans than fish.”
31. Paragraph 1 is written to show that plastic pollution is ________.
A. faster than expected B. better than other pollution
C. a serious problem D. mostly unknown
32. Compared (比较) with normal roads, the plastic road ________.
a. is not easy to break
b. is afraid of hot weather
c. is more stretchy
d. costs more money
A. ab B. ac C. bc D. bd
33. What does McCartney mean in the last paragraph?
A. Plastic pollution will soon be solved with his help.
B. Children should also join to reduce plastic pollution.
C. Plastic pollution is becoming more and more serious.
D. He is willing to offer help in reducing plastic pollution.
十二
(2021-2022学年泰州市海陵区)
C

Life has a way of shaping us. Life can make you doubt or question your purpose. These are thoughts that I have had in my head for many years. Poetry prepares me for my purpose. My purpose is poetry.
In my journey towards purpose, poetry is my safety net. I started writing at the age of 5. By 13, I had written quite a lot of poems. Poetry was my escape from bullying by my peers (同龄人) and teachers when studying in an American country school. They bullied me because of the way I looked. This bullying gave me low self-respect. Poetry was my way to be seen, be heard and be known.
For each important moment in my life I write poetry. In hard times, I write poetry. I connect with poetry on a deep level. It helps me out of pain. However, writing poetry can’t support me. So I turned to teaching instead.
While living in China, my job is an English teacher. I help teach two classes. The two Chinese teachers I work with tell me how to teach the students English. The teachers decide what I need to do in the classroom. With challenging situations like this, I keep on writing poetry. I write down my feelings. I draw pictures of the real world. I accept a new me. I learn to think about things with confidence. My relationship with poetry grows over time. Poetry stays in the depths of my soul (灵魂).
There is nothing stopping you. The only person standing in your way is you. You have the power. Keep going. Keep believing. Remember that your hard work is not in vain. Go for it! Your purpose is waiting for you!
54. The author said poetry was her safety net because ________.
A. it helped her out of pain B. it was a way for her to make friends
C. it gave her a sense of achievement D. it made her popular among her peers
55. What made the author change herself and think with confidence?
A. The respect from her partner. B. The love from her students.
C. The non-stop poetry writing. D. The career of being a teacher.
56. The phrase “in vain” means ________ in the last paragraph.
A. necessary B. important C. successful D. useless
57. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the author?
A. The author began writing poetry when she was 5.
B. The author used to be bullied by her peers and teachers in America.
C. The author moved to China to make more money to publish her poetry.
D. The author worked as an English teacher, but she continued writing poetry.
58. The best title for this passage can be ________.
A. Work to discover your purpose B. Be brave to face the bully
C. Failure is the mother of success D. Dig up to the depths of your soul
十三
(2021-2022学年南京市玄武区)

E
My mom’s life was a busy one. Raising four kids on her own was a full time job in itself, but she also worked outside the home. Surprisingly, she always seemed to find a little bit of extra time for us despite (不管) her schedule (预定计划).
She would take us over to my aunt’s in the evening when she worked as a waitress in a small diner. We would just be finished with school and have to hurry, so my mom would be on time for work. I thought she would pass us over to our aunt and hurry off as soon as we made it through the front gate, but that didn’t happen. Instead, we would sit on the porch (门廊), my mom in her waitress uniform, and we would rock in my aunt’s big wooden swing (秋千) and talk about what happened that day.
“I learned how to add numbers up to the hundreds,” my sister Sandy would say.
“That’s wonderful,” my mom would reply, holding her tight.
“I learned how to write my name!” Larry, my younger brother, would shout.
My mom would get a piece of paper and a pencil out of her purse and hand it to my brother. “Show me how you do it,” she’d ask softly.
“Do you have enough time to hear what I did today?” I’d ask her.
Mom would smile at me and nod. “I’m never too busy for something important like that!”
She gave us the gift of time again and again throughout the years. Later on in her life, when she came to live with us after her retirement (退休), my mom gave the gift of time to my children too. They would run around excitedly, asking their grandma if she would play with them, or read them a story, or go for a walk with them. By then my mom had health problems, but she would always nod and sit down and read to them or tell them stories about when she was a little girl. Those moments were a wonderful gift that my children still talk about and treasure.
In the last few years of her life, I would take her to lunch or sit with her on the porch, and we would talk about the past, the dream of the future, and just enjoy being with each other. My mom would listen as I shared all of my hopes, my fears, and my dreams for my family. I would look at her and ask her if she minded me taking up so much of her free time.
“Nonsense,” she’d tell me. Then she’d give me a wink and say, “I’m never too busy to spend time with you. It’s one of the greatest joys of my life.”
I will always remember those wonderful words and the loving heart behind them. It is a gift my mom give to me for which I will forever be grateful. In this busy world of ours, and in a life filled with challenges, she always had time to share her joy with me.
37. According to the passage, we know that the writer grew up ________.
A. in a small diner B. in a low-paid family
C. only with her aunt D. with four sisters and brothers
38. What did the children do on the porch of their aunt’s?
A. They shared their daily experiences.
B. They told funny stories to their aunt.
C. They helped their mother do some work.
D. They played games together with their aunt.
39. After retiring, the writer’s mother ________.
A. always stayed alone at home
B. looked after the writer’s children
C. moved to live with her daughter Sandy
D. often gave gifts to the writer’s children
40. What’s the best title for the passage?
A. Always for Pleasure B. Mon’s Gift of Time
C. My Children’s Memory D. Wonderful Retirement Life
十四
(2021-2022学年常州市溧阳市)
C
Memory collects and stores information that we need for different tasks. It also plays an important role in helping us recognize (识别) and remember important people and special things.
Some diseases destroy the brain’s memory function (功能). Yet even without these terrible diseases, some people, like busy entrepreneurs (企业家), can risk losing stored memories and the ability to form and keep new ones. Besides, our unhealthy lifestyles, for example, little sleep, can hurt memory function.
Luckily, science gives us hope with ways to improve our memory.
Use games and apps to train your brain.
A 2017 study found that a lot of video games can improve memory-related areas in the brain. If you aren’t a fan of video games, consider brain-training and memory apps to play with when you have a break. You can also try crossword, find-a-word and picture search apps. Board games (棋类游戏) also help.
Exercise regularly. While mental exercise helps improve your memory skills, physical exercise is also important. Several research studies show that regular physical exercise is good for memory.
Reduce stress levels. Research has found that some people with dementia (痴呆) actually didn’t have it at all. Instead, stress had hurt their memory. By using stress reduction methods they were able to get and even improve memory function again.
Eat your vegetables and fruit. A study showed that men may improve their memory by eating more vegetables and fruit. The study included about 28, 000 men in their early 50s who answered questions every four years. The study showed the men who ate more vegetables and fruit each day didn’t have poor thinking skills as often as those who ate less each day.
29. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?
A. Busy people usually have memory loss. B. Diseases destroy people's memory.
C. There are some causes of memory problems. D. We should have healthy lifestyles.
30. The underlined word “mental“ means ______________ in Chinese.
A. 脑力的 B. 适当的 C. 丰富的 D. 剧烈的
31. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Loss of sleep can lead to poor memory.
B. Playing video games is bad for our memory.
C. In fact, poor memory is caused by stress.
D. Memory loss can be avoided by eating healthily.
32. What's the best title for the passage?
A. Results of a study on memory B. Why memory is important to us
C. How to lead a healthy lifestyle D. Ways to improve memory
十五
(2021-2022学年常州市)
C
The list for the sixth-grade basketball team was announced online. I was a little worried because I knew how much my 12-year-old son wanted to make the team.
I read the list of 13 names for a few minutes. Finally, I had to tell myself that my son wasn’t among the players who were allowed to continue playing. I felt sad. I wished it would be about victory. Like every parent, I love to say, “You did it!”
Instead, I had to give my son a speech to comfort my son, which was a lot less exciting, but probably more important. It was not really a speech, but a further discussion about spirit, courage and not giving up. Although it was painful for me to see myself so disappointed (失望), I needed to keep my own feelings in check. Sure, I wanted to call the coach to say he made a big mistake, but I would not. Nor would I let my son know that I thought it unfair (不公平的). Instead, I put my own feelings aside and let my son have a safe place to calm down his own moods.
And when he was done, I needed to encourage him to continue to improve skills. That day was a loss, but the only way to get another win was to put on his trainers and get on the basketball court again.
My son is 15 years old now. And, after being cut from the team for three years in a row (连续地)，he got to see his name on the list for the high school team. Last week, my husband and I watched him play in his first game. The smile on his face when he made his first shot in is something I will never forget. After so many failures, it was a win that didn’t come easy for him. And it wouldn’t have happened if he had given up trying.
27. Why did the writer feel sad at first?
A. Because her son didn’t keep feeling confident.
B. Because her son didn’t enter the basketball team.
C. Because her son decided to stop playing basketball.
D. Because her son failed in a few basketball matches.
28. What does the underlined part “keep my own feelings in check” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Hide my own feelings. B. Hurt my own feelings.
C. Follow my own feelings. D. Show my own feelings.
29. What can be inferred about the writer’s son?
A. He felt unhappy with his parents.
B. He stopped working on his game skills.
C. He played in the high school team at the age of 12.
D. He was finally accepted by his high school team.
30. What’s the best title of the passage?
A. Cry out when feeling down B. Give up at the right time
C. Victory comes from keeping trying D. Success comes from chances
十六
(2021-2022学年南通市)

C
In the weeks leading up to this year’s Double Eleven shopping festival, Peng Ling, a college student, received many advertising messages on her phone. The confusing thing was that she never bought things from some of the shops, so how could they know her phone number?
It can be quite annoying when our personal information is leaked（泄露）. But it would be even worse if our information is used for crimes.
On November l, the Personal Information Protection Law came into effect in China. The law has detailed rules to strengthen the protection of personal information. The law describes personal information as any kind of information about people who are or can be identified. So a person’s name, date of birth, ID number, address and phone number are all personal information. There are also some kinds of personal information that are considered as “sensitive”, such as fingerprints, faces, religious beliefs, medical health and all data relating to minors（未成年）under 14.
According to the law, activities such as collecting, using, processing and trading of personal information will be strictly controlled. One key rule is that those dealing with personal information should let users know and get permission（许可）.
Protection of personal information of online platform users is especially stressed. According to a report, the country has more than one billion Internet users and 60 percent of surveyed apps had collected users’ information illegally（非法地）. Many apps would collect users’ information even when the app was not in use.
For individuals, it’s important to realize the importance of protecting personal information. If it’s not necessary, don’t agree to share personal information. If you find that your personal information has been used illegally, you can report to cyberspace（网络）administrations（管理机构）with evidence.
For companies or platforms, they can only handle personal information when there is a specific purpose. They need to make sure the information is under strict protection. If they break the law, they may be fined up to 50 million yuan. People who steal or sell personal information will be fined and may face prison time.
38. What does the underlined word “confusing” in Para l probably mean?
A. Amazing. B. Not clear. C. Interesting. D. Easy to understand.
39. Which of the following belongs to sensitive personal information according to the law?
A. ID numbers. B. Date of birth. C. Phone numbers. D. Fingerprints.
40. What does Para 5 want to tell us?
A. When apps collect users’ information illegally.
B. How many Internet users there are in our country.
C. Why protection of personal information is needed.
D. How online users protect their personal information.
41. What is true according to the passage?
A. People should always be careful when sharing personal information.
B. Companies can collect personal information before getting permission.
C. People who steal or sell personal information will surely be put into prison.
D. Activities like collecting and using personal information will not be allowed.
十七
(2021-2022学年苏州市)
D
Hello, I’m Rob. Welcome to our programme. Today we’re talking about high-speed train travel. Many countries have very fast trains that transport people from city to city in super-quick time. Yes, high-speed train travel is becoming popular. Well, we’ll be finding out why the UK is hoping to do something that is already popular by building a new high-speed rail line.
We know that high-speed train travel has many good things. It helps to take traffic off the road, it causes less pollution, it can move lots of people and it’s quick. Yes, speed is important. Now, the TGV train in France takes about three hours to travel over 750 kilometres from Paris to Marseille in the south - very impressive.
But the UK has been slow to build high-speed rail lines. It has one from London to Paris, but the Transport Secretary, Patrick McLoughlin, thinks one line is not good enough. People can go from London to Paris on high-speed trains, but can’t go from London to Birmingham. That means you can get to Paris by train more quickly than you can travel to many British cities. The government wants to build another one — called HS2 — connecting London to the middle and north of England.
But not everyone agrees to the plan and there is much discussion. Some say it will be very expensive to build, although some experts（专家）say for every 1 pound spent, it will bring 2 pounds back. There are also worries that some of the countrysides will be destroyed. It could be a long time before a final decision is made. So now we’ll just have to accept that our trains in the UK will carry on at an unhurried speed while we watch with envy as another country’s high-speed train passes us by!
Thank you. We hope you’ve enjoyed today’s programme.
29. What is the type of the programme?
A. A news review. B. A drama series. C. A chat show. D. A weekly round-up.
30. Why does Rob mention the TGV train in paragraph 2?
A. To explain how it works. B. To show how fast it travels.
C. To report how far it goes. D. To prove how famous it is.
31. What can we infer from the article about the high-speed train travel in the UK?
A. It is slow. B. It is expensive. C. It falls behind. D. It becomes popular.
32. What does the host think of building a new rail line in the UK?
A. It will be completed soon. B. It is not a good idea.
C. It destroys the environment. D. It may take a long time.

一
(2021-2022学年南京市建邺区)
C
Paper cups, plastic bags and old newspapers. There are so many single-use things（一次性物品）that we throw away after using only once.
___①___ According to news website Quartz we are now living in a “throw-away society”. Single-use has become a natural way of life and can be seen almost everywhere.
___②___ Every day, we see new memes (表情包), stories and Internet slang (网络俚语) on social media. With so many of them coming out all the time, the lifespan (寿命) of each becomes short ---- they become “singe-use online products”. This also means social media users are always searching for the next big thing.
___③___ You may feel frustrated (沮丧) when trying to keep up with these memes and slang, but you just cannot help but keep scrolling(滚屏). It is endless ---- no matter it’s WeChat Moments (朋友圈), Sina Weibo or Facebook.
___ ④___  While you read single-use content (内容) online, you also produce it. Since 2017, WeChat Moments (朋友圈) has allowed users to make only the last three days of their posts viewable (可见的). As a result, more and more people don’t take their posts seriously.
Since it doesn’t take too much time and energy to communicate anymore, we now even have disposable (用后即扔的) friendships, according to a story in Fast Company.
A single-use way of life may give you quick pleasure. But the pleasure may not last for long because there is no deep thought behind it. Maybe we need to slow down and enjoy a more thoughtful way of life.
32. Where can we best put “But the idea of single-use is about more than just plastic and paper.”?
A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④
33. Why does the writer mention “WeChat Moments’ three days viewable” in Paragraph 5?
A. To show that WeChat take all the users’ privacy (隐私) seriously.
B. To explain the reason why the lifespan of memes and slang becomes short.
C. To teach WeChat users how to post something meaningful on their Moments.
D. To prove that we are producing single-use things when we read them online.
34. What is the writer’s opinion of single-use way of life?
A. Since single-use way of life gives us pleasure, we should enjoy it.
B. Single-use life will be helpful to our relationship with others.
C. We need to think twice and lead a more thoughtful way of life.
D. Single-use life is a natural way of life and we should get used to it.
35. The writer would probably talk about __________ if he continues to write this passage.
A. the disadvantages of singe-use way of life
B. the reasons that cause singe-use way of life
C. the ways to avoid singe-use way of life
D. different opinions about singe-use way of life.
【答案】32. A 33. D 34. C 35. C
【解析】我们正处于“抛弃型社会”中，我们现在不仅仅抛弃一次性使用的塑料和纸张，而且我们也在抛弃表情包，网络语言等电子产品，如果我们想过一种有思想的生活，我们就应该减少抛弃。
32推理判断题。“But the idea of single-use is about more than just plastic and paper.”表示“但一次性使用的概念不仅仅是塑料和纸张”，下文应紧跟一次性这种概念对我们生活的影响，①处前面提到了塑料和纸，①处后面说一次性无处不在，已成为生活方式，所以这句话放在①处最合适，故选A。
33推理判断题。根据“While you read single-use content (内容) online, you also produce it.”可知，此处说我们自己在线阅读时，也在产生一次性的东西，所以后面提到的朋友圈是为了支持这个观点，故选D。
34细节理解题。根据“Maybe we need to slow down and enjoy a more thoughtful way of life.”可知，作者认为要放慢节奏，三思而后行，不要过一次性的生活，要过一种更好的生活，故选C。
35推理判断题。根据最后一段“A single-use way of life may give you quick pleasure.”可知，作者在本段阐述了一次性生活所带来的负面的东西，接下来应该建议如何避免这种一次性的生活方式，故选C。

二
(2021-2022学年南京市栖霞区)
D
The Chacaltaya ski area sits upon a small mountain glacier(冰河)in Bolivia. Although the area is less than a kilometer long, it once hosted international ski competitions. In the past ten years, however, the snow has melted(融化) very quickly. As Chacaltaya glacier melts, dark rocks are uncovered. These rocks absorb more heat, causing the snow to melt faster. The cycle seems unstoppable in the long run. Today, the snow is almost gone, and so are Chacaltaya’s days as a popular ski resort.
A Global(全球的) Problem
In recent years, scientists all around the world have come to a terrifying(可怕的) conclusion.Global warming is a real problem, and one largely caused by human activity. But as experts discuss how to solve the problem, ice in mountains such as Chacaltaya, and near the North and South Poles, is melting faster than even the most pessimistic(悲观的)environmentalists once feared. Ten years ago, scientists warned that the Arctic Ocean(北冰洋)could lose all its ice in about a hundred years. Now, they think it could happen much sooner. As climate scientist Mark Scrreze puts it, “Reality is exceeding expectations.”
Glacicr Run
The ice sheet of Greenland is also melting more quickly than scientists predicted. Its largest outlet glacier, Jakobshavn Isbra, is moving toward the sea faster than we thought. In fact, the glacier is moving twice as fast as it was in 1995. Rising air and sea temperatures are two well-known causes. Researchers have also discovered other unexpected processes that cause them to melt faster. For instance, water from melting ice runs down cracks(裂缝)in the glacier and gets between the ice and the rock below. This makes it easier for the glacier to go into the warmer sea water.
Some researchers believe that Greenland’s melting if it continues, could add at least a meter to global sea levels by 2100. If the ice sheet of Antarctica, now largely unaffected(未受影响的),begins to melt, the next few centuries could see at least a two-meter rise in sea levels, forcing ten of millions of people out of their homes.
Drying Out
While the melting of glaciers may flood some areas of the Earth, global warming is making the water disappear from other places. Many scientists think the glaciers of the Himalayas and the Andes could disappear in this century. As a result millions of people in India, Bangladesh. Bolivia and Peru who depend on water from mountain glaciers like Chacaltaya could find themselves in critical situation. An increasing number of heat waves and droughts worldwide also suggests global warming is having an influence on humans right now. and that it could change the face of the world in the future.
How can we avoid these terrible consequences(后果)? “We have to have a serious and immediate change in attitude(态度),”says Laurie David, a producer of the movie An inconvenient truth, which helped to raise awareness(意识)of the problem. Many believe that an attitude of hope makes a good beginning. As most would agree, an informed public is clearly in a better position to help address this critical issue.
37. What is the main idea of this reading article?
A. Rising temperatures can cause global warming.
B. Global warming is causing problems on Earth.
C. Scientists are trying to slow the melting of glaciers.
D. GIobal warming is melting ski areas all around the world.
38. What does the underlined sentence “Reality is exceeding expectations” mean?
A. The Arctic ice melting faster than predicted. B. People having no water to drink in Peru.
C. The sun getting hotter than scientists thought. D. Experts solving the global warming problem.
39. What do some researchers believe will happen by the year 2100?
A. Global sea levels will rise by at least a meter.
B. There will be no more ice in the Arctic Ocean.
C. The ice sheet of Antarctica will have completely melted.
D. There will be fewer heat waves and droughts all over the world.
40. Which of the following would Laurie David probably agree with?
A. Global warming is a problem that will fix itself over time.
B. The average person can’t do much to affect global warming.
C. To stop global warming ,people need to change how they think.
D. Global warming will only be a problem many years in the future.
【答案】37. B 38. A 39. A 40. C
【解析】本文主要讲述了全球变暖这个问题。
37主旨大意题。根据“Global warming is a real problem, and one largely caused by human activity.”可知，全球变暖正在给地球带来问题。故选B。
38词句猜测题。根据“Now, they think it could happen much sooner.”可知，很多问题会很快出现，推出北冰洋的冰会很快消失，因此“Reality is exceeding expectations.”意为“The Arctic ice melting faster than predicted.”；故选A。
39细节理解题。根据“Some researchers believe that Greenland’s melting if it continues, could add at least a meter to global sea levels by 2100.”可知，到2100年，全球海平面至少会增加1米。故选A。
40细节理解题。根据“Many believe that an attitude of hope makes a good beginning.”和“We have to have a serious and immediate change in attitude(态度),”says Laurie David”可知，为了阻止全球变暖，人们需要改变他们的思维方式；故选C。
三
(2021-2022学年南京市玄武区)
D
When we see babies or pets, we can’t help gently touching them to show our love. And they give us happy feelings back. But a recent study shows that it’s different for plants.
A study, published in The Plant Journal, shows that plants don’t “like” to be touched. That’s because touching changes their genes (基因) and, even worse, can slow their growth.
Professor Jim Whelan of the La Trobe Institute in Australia gave an explanation. “The lightest touch from a human, animal, insect, or even plants touching each other in the wind, leads to a huge gene change in the plant,” Science Daily reported.
In order to test the theory, the scientists did an experiment on plants. They grew a number of plants to the age of four weeks. Then they touched them with a paintbrush every 12 hours over a 36-hour period.
They found that as a response to the touch, the mitochondria (线粒体) in the plants had been partly destroyed. The mitochondria, as Science Alert noted, are the “powerhouse of the cell. The mitochondria produce energy for the rest of the cell in both animals and plants.
If this “powerhouse” is weakened, the plants will lose a large amount of energy that should have supported their growth.
Whelan further explained to Science Daily, “If the touching is repeated, then plant growth is reduced by up to 30 percent.”
Although the process does have a strong effect on plants, usually the plants survive. Touching changes the plants, but it’s not necessarily a bad change.
According to Science Alert, frequent touching or moving plants will make them grow shorter than other ones.
The researchers believe this change, in some ways, could be helpful. It may help plants fight threats to their health such as insects and bad weather.
The new research findings have led to a deeper understanding of the plants’ response to touching. And the research might “open up new ways to reduce sensitivity (敏感性) and optimize (优化) growth in the future”, Science Alert reported.
34. Why don’t plants like to be touched?
A. Plants’ genes will be changed.
B. Plants will grow much taller than others.
C. Plants growth will be reduced by up to 40 percent.
D. Plants will lose the ability to fight against bad weather.
35. What does the underlined word “weakened” in Paragraph 6 possibly mean?
A. Becoming stronger. B. Becoming less strong.
C. Becoming less changeable. D. Becoming more changeable.
36. What can we get from the new research?
A. A new way to increase sensitivity in the future.
B. A totally bad and strong influence on plants’ growth.
C. A wonderful method to help plants grow better and better.
D. A deeper understanding of the plants’ response to touching.
【答案】34. A 35. B 36. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项最新的研究成果，即外界的触摸对植物而言是一种负担，会改变它们的基因，延缓成长。
34细节理解题。根据原文“That’s because touching changes their genes”可知，人们的触碰会改变植物的基因。故选A。
35词句猜测题。结合前后文“The mitochondria produce energy for the rest of the cell in both animals and plants”和“the plants will lose a large amount of energy that should have supported their growth”可知，线粒体会为植物提供能量，如果它被削弱了，植物会失去促进其生长的能量。故“weakened”有“变弱”之意。故选B。
36细节理解题。根据原文“The new research findings have led to a deeper understanding of the plants’ response to touching”可知，新的研究结果使人们对这些植物对触摸的反应有了更深入的了解。故选D。
四
You might have seen beautiful rainbows in the sky before. They form when sunlight falls on water drops in the air. But in fact, moonlight can also create rainbows in the same way. They are called “moonbows”. They are similar to rainbows, but they are created by moonlight instead of direct sunlight.
Moonbows are rarer than rainbows. Different weather and astronomical（天文学的）conditions have to be just right for moonbows to be created.
The moon has to be very low in the sky-only 42 degrees from the horizon（地平线）. The moon period has to be a full moon or nearly full. The sky must be very dark for a moonbow to be watched clearly—any bright light can obscure it. Water drops must appear in the air in the opposite direction of the moon.
Moonbows appear on the opposite side of the moon and usually look white to the human eye. This is because their colors are not bright enough to be noticed by the human eye. It is possible, however, to view the colors in a moonbow using long exposure（长时间曝光）photography.
Moonbows more often appear in some locations around the world. Most of these locations usually have waterfalls, which create thin fog in the air. Some of these locations are the Yosemite National Park in California and Cumberland Falls State Resort Park in Kentucky, US; Victoria Falls on the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe; and Waimea in Hawaii, US.
Moonbows do really happen. So at a certain time and a certain place, when a moonbow happens to appear, you can’t miss it if you're right there.
42. According to the first two paragraphs, moonbows are ________.
A. created by sunlight B. much easier to find
C. seen during the day D. more difficult to form
43. Which of the following can be the conditions for a moonbow to form?
A. A half moon hangs high in the bright sky.
B. A full moon is 50 degrees from the horizon.
C. A nearly full moon hangs low in the dark sky.
D. Water drops are in the opposite direction of the sun.
44. What does the underlined word “obscure” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. cover B. drop C. connect D. produce
45. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. Conditions of moonbows. B. Background of moonbows.
C. Locations of moonbows. D. Development of moonbows.
【答案】42. D 43. C 44. A 45. C
【解析】文章介绍了罕见的月虹形成的原因，条件等。
42细节理解题。根据第二段“Moonbows are rarer than rainbows. Different weather and astronomical （天文学的）conditions have to be just right for moonbows to be created.”可知，月虹比彩虹少见，更难形成，故选D。
43细节理解题。根据第三段“The moon has to be very low in the sky-only 42 degrees from the horizon（地平线）. The moon period has to be a full moon or nearly full. The sky must be very dark for a moonbow to be watched clearly”可知，月亮在天空中必须非常低，离地平线只有42度。月亮周期必须是满月或接近满月。天空一定很暗，才能清楚地看到月虹，故选C。
44词义猜测题。根据“The sky must be very dark for a moonbow to be watched clearly—any bright light can obscure it.”可知，天空一定很暗，才能清楚地看到月虹，任何光线都能遮住它，所以单词“obscure”指的是“遮住，覆盖”，与cover同义，故选A。
45主旨大意题。根据“Moonbows more often appear in some locations around the world.”可知，这里介绍的是能够容易出现月虹的一些地方，故选C。
五
(2021-2022学年泰州市海陵区)
D

On Nov.16, seven astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS) woke up to an alarm (警报). A Russian missile (导弹) test had just bombed a satellite into more than 1,500 pieces of space debris (残骸). Some got very close to the ISS.
NASA says space debris like this can travel at more than 28,000 km/h. That’s much faster than a bullet (子弹) (about 3,500 km/h). Even a pea-sized piece of debris could “wipe out” a space station or kill an astronaut if he or she is doing a spacewalk, says Live Science.
Since the 1950s, humans have sent thousands of rockets and satellites into space. Many are still there, and we now face an ever-increasing problem of space rubbish. In 2006, for example, National Geographic reported that a tiny piece of space rubbish hit the ISS, taking a small piece of glass out of a window. In June of this year, a piece of debris ran into one of the station’s robotic arms, which are just like the arms of a robot, and left a hole.
Scientists are trying different ways to deal with the problem. One way is to use a huge net. In 2018, the UK’s Survey Space Center caught some space rubbish with a net in an experiment. It first found the debris, and then collected it with a net and a harpoon (鱼叉).
Another way is to use robotic arms. Clear Space 1, the European Space Agency’s task to clean space rubbish, is going to be sent into space in 2025. It will use robotic arms to catch debris. This plans to throw the debris into Earth’s atmosphere (大气层), where it will burn up as it falls because of strong friction (摩擦).
59. The bomb of the Russian missile mainly causes ________ according to the article.
A. plants B. soil C. food D. space debris
60. According to NASA, space debris moves ________ as fast as a bullet.
A. eight times B. nine times C. seven times D. six times
61. What happens to a space station if it gets “wiped out”?
A. It gets cleaned. B. It gets rebuilt. C. It gets broken. D. It gets old.
62. The best ways to deal with space debris is ________ according to the article.
a. throwing it away into the planet
b. throwing it into the sun to burn up
c. collecting it with nets and harpoons
d. throwing it into Earth’s atmosphere to burn up
A. ad B. cd C. ab D. bd
63. What can we infer from Paragraph 3-4?
A There is nothing we can do to deal with space debris.
B. The astronauts are quite safe in space even there is space debris.
C. More and more tasks are failing because we don’t want to cause space rubbish.
D. Thousands of old rockets and satellites are turning into space rubbish for years.
【答案】59. D 60. A 61. C 62. B 63. D
【解析】本文介绍了太空垃圾的危害以及科学家为解决这一问题尝试的办法。
59细节理解题。根据“A Russian missile (导弹) test had just bombed a satellite into more than 1,500 pieces of space debris (残骸).”可知，这枚俄罗斯导弹炸毁了一颗卫星，导致产生了太空残骸。故选D。
60推理判断题。根据“NASA says space debris like this can travel at more than 28,000 km/h. That’s much faster than a bullet (子弹) (about 3,500 km/h).”可知，太空残骸飞行的速度是子弹的8倍（28,000 ÷3,500=8）。故选A。
61词义猜测题。根据“Even a pea-sized piece of debris could ‘wipe out’ a space station or kill an astronaut if he or she is doing a spacewalk”可知，太空残骸会摧毁空间站或者杀死太空行走的宇航员，因此“wipe out”表示“摧毁”，选项中“It gets broken.”表示“被破坏”，与其近义。故选C。
62细节理解题。根据最后两段“It first found the debris, and then collected it with a net and a harpoon (鱼叉).”以及“This plans to throw the debris into Earth’s atmosphere (大气层), where it will burn up as it falls because of strong friction (摩擦).”可知，处理太空垃圾的两个办法是：用网和鱼叉收集太空残骸，以及把太空残骸扔进地球大气层燃烧掉；c和d正确。故选B。
63推理判断题。根据“Since the 1950s, humans have sent thousands of rockets and satellites into space. Many are still there, and we now face an ever-increasing problem of space rubbish.”可知，人类已经发送了很多火箭和卫星，现在它们仍然在太空中，太空中的垃圾越来越多，由此推测这些火箭和卫星多年来都在变成太空垃圾。故选D。

六
(2021-2022学年盐城市亭湖区)
C
Every year, as the summer days grow shorter, an amazing change happens in Canadian forests.As summer changes to autumn, the trees turn colors, changing from summer greens to shades of red, orange, and yellow. It’s a truly wonderful sight! From a distance, the forest looks as if it’s on fire.
When I was a boy, my grandmother told me that a strange little man came at night with a paint brush to paint the leaves those wonderful colors. And I believed her for it was a wonderful way of explaining this change to a little boy. But as I grew older, my natural curiosity led me to do some research on my own. As always, science had the answer.
Trees need food, just like all lives. Leaves produce food for the tree. It’s just sugar, which is sometimes called glucose (葡萄糖). Leaves use sunlight to change water and CO2 into oxygen (氧气). The process by which leaves do this is known as photo-synthesis (光合作用). A chemical called chlorophyll (叶绿素) helps make this happen.Chlorophyll is the reason why leaves are green summer.
However, Canadian winters are long, cold and dark. There isn’t enough sunshine in winter for the leaves to make food. In autumn, as the days shorten, the trees get a signal to slow down. It’s time to take a rest. Don’t worry, though. They have enough food prepared to last all winter.
When the leaves stop making food, they no longer need to make chlorophyll. Slowly, the chlorophyll disappears. Remember, this is the chemical that makes leaves green.As the chlorophyll goes away, so does the green color. We begin to see the other colors that are always there. We could not see them before because green is a strong color.
58. The writer thought ________ changed the color of leaves in autumn when he was a child.
A. the sun B. a strange man
C. the wind D. his grandmother
59. Which of the following shows the structure of this passage?
A. B. C. D.
60. What is the passage mainly about?
A. How a strange man painted trees.
B. What food trees need during a year.
C. Why leaves change colors in autumn.
D. What magic chemicals we have now.
【答案】58. B 59. B 60. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了树叶在秋天变色的原因。
58细节理解题。根据文中“When I was a boy, my grandmother told me that a strange little man came at night with a paint brush to paint the leaves those wonderful colors. ”可知当他还是个孩子时，他认为是一个奇怪而身材矮小的人改变了树叶的颜色，故选B。
59文章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段提出树叶在秋天变色的现象，第二段主要讲述了作者小时候奶奶给出的解释，第三到第五段介绍了叶子变色的科学原理。选项B符合题意，故选B。
60主旨大意题。通读全文可知作者认为秋季树叶很美丽，从小时候相信奶奶给出的树叶变色的童话解释，到后来认识到树叶变色的科学原理，故文章主要介绍了叶子变色的原理，故选C。

七

(2021-2022学年盐城市盐都区)
(C)
What if a bowl of ramen (拉面) made by a top chef was placed in front of you, but you were too sick or tired to eat? It wouldn’t matter how good the ramen is any more--you wouldn’t enjoy it anyway.
Say the boss decides to give you an extra bowl of the world’s best ramen on the house and lets you invite someone to eat for free. But you do not have any loved ones to invite not even a close friend. Your feelings of loneliness will make the ramen tasteless as well.
Ramen is like the expensive things that many of us think we want in life. Nice cars, long vacations, fancy clothes. They’re nice to have, but we shouldn’t forget that the most important things in life are our health and our loved ones. We must first take good care of our health and our loved ones before we worry about having nice things.
Being rich is not always about having more money, it can also come from the heart. Having a rich heart is about finding inner peace. Once you have achieved this, you will be thankful for what you have and be less bothered by what you don’t have. Otherwise, all the riches in the world will not be able to fill your heart.
The next time you are enjoying a bowl of delicious ramen with a loved one or a close friend, think about how lucky you are. When life brings you difficult problems and challenges, remember that these same people are there for you to help you get past difficult times.
57. In Paragraph 2, the author wants to tell us that _______.
A. we shouldn’t eat ramen alone B. being lonely is a common thing
C. eating alone is no fun for anyone D. even the best ramen can be tasteless
58. The most important things in life are ________.
A. the expensive things B. nice cars C. long vacations D. our loved ones and health
59. To have a rich heart, you should first ________.
A. get more money B. find inner peace C. be thankful for what you have D. find out what you don’t have
60. What is the main idea of the story?
A. The best way to enjoy a bowl of ramen. B. How to get past challenges.
C. How to become a rich person. D. The importance of having loved ones.
【答案】57. C 58. D 59. B 60. D
【解析】本文通过吃一碗拉面展开讨论，告诉我们生命中最重要的事情是我们的健康和我们所爱的人。
57推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Your feelings of loneliness will make the ramen tasteless as well.”可知，你的孤独感也会让拉面变得毫无味道，由此推断，第二段是为了告诉我们，一个人吃饭很无趣。故选C。
58细节理解题。根据第三段“ They’re nice to have, but we shouldn’t forget that the most important things in life are our health and our loved ones.”可知，生命中最重要事情是我们的健康和我们所爱的人。故选D。
59细节理解题。根据第四段“Having a rich heart is about finding inner peace.”可知，要有一颗富有的心，你首先应该找到内心的平静。故选B。
60主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The next time you are enjoying a bowl of delicious ramen with a loved one or a close friend, think about how lucky you are. When life brings you difficult problems and challenges, remember that these same people are there for you to help you get past difficult times.”及全文可知，全文的中心是在讲爱你的人的重要性。故选D。

八
(2021-2022学年盐城市盐都区)

(D)
I was locked inside the cabin (小木屋). I found a saw (锯) and began to use it to make a hole secretly so that I could get out. One day, Pap returned from a trip to the store looking very angry. He began to shout and knock furniture to the floor. I sat back, waiting. I thought he’d take a stick to me.
His lawyer (律师) had told him that he would never be able to force Judge Thatcher to give him the money. He also said that Widow Douglas was again asking the court (法庭) to take me away from him, and this time the lawyer thought that the widow (寡妇) would succeed.
I knew that I did not want to return to live with the widow. I could never return to live in a proper house and go to school. I had got used to the type of life that Pap and I lived. I didn’t want to change again.
Pap said he would never allow the court to take me away from him. He would hide me in another cabin, and no one would find me. I began to worry. I knew that I had to get away before we moved out of our present cabin.
Pap told me to go to his boat and bring the food and whiskey (威士忌) that he had bought at the store. I took them up to the cabin, and then went back down to bring the boat up the shore (岸).
I looked back at the cabin, and then over at the woods. If I wanted to, I could take off running right now. I’d keep going as far away as my feet would carry me. But that was when Pap shouted, “Boy, are you asleep or drowned (淹死)?”
61. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 mean?
A. I thought he would hit me. B. I thought he couldn’t move.
C. I thought he needed a stick. D. I thought he would give me a stick.
62. Who wanted to take me away from Pap?
A. The lawyer. B. Judge Thatcher. C. Widow Douglas. D. Mark Twain.
63. “I” was expecting ________ .
A. to live with the widow B. to find a chance to run far away
C. to wear fine clothes and shoes D. Pap to let “me” live with the widow
64. Which of the words below can best describe Pap?
A. Serious. B. Patient. C. Strict. D. Rude.
65. Which is the right order of what happened in the passage?
a. Pap decided to hide me in another cabin. b. I lived with the widow and went to school.
c. Pap locked me in a cabin and I tried to get out. d. Pap went to the store to buy food and whiskey.
A. d-c-b-a B. b-c-d-a C. c-d-b-a D. c-d-a-b
【答案】61. A 62. C 63. B 64. D 65. B
【解析】本文写了作者被Pap囚禁在小木屋里，后来想逃跑的事。
61词句猜测题。根据“One day, Pap returned from a trip to the store looking very angry. He began to shout and knock furniture to the floor.”可知，Pap当时很生气，情绪很激动，“我”觉得他会打“我”。故选A。
62细节理解题。根据“He also said that Widow Douglas was again asking the court (法庭) to take me away from him,”可知，Widow Douglas要带走我。故选C。
63细节理解题。根据“I knew that I had to get away before we moved out of our present cabin.”可知，“我”想找机会逃跑。故选B。
64推理判断题。根据“He began to shout and knock furniture to the floor.”以及“Boy, are you asleep or drowned?”可知，Pap是粗鲁的。故选D。
65细节理解题。根据“I knew that I did not want to return to live with the widow. I could never return to live in a proper house and go to school.”可知，“我”一起和寡妇生活在一起，并且去上学。故第一个是b；根据“I was locked inside the cabin (小木屋). I found a saw (锯) and began to use it to make a hole secretly so that I could get out.”可知，“我”被Pap锁在小木屋里，“我”想要逃跑。故第二个是c；根据“Pap told me to go to his boat and bring the food and whiskey (威士忌) that he had bought at the store.”可知，Pap去买了食物和威士忌。故第三个是d；根据“Pap said he would never allow the court to take me away from him. He would hide me in another cabin, and no one would find me.”可知，Pap要把“我”藏在另一个没有人能找到的木屋里。故第四个是a。因此故事发生的正确顺序是b-c-d-a。故选B。
九
(2021-2022学年盐城市亭湖区)

D

Huck is my name, Huckleberry Finn. The story started when my best friend, Tom Sawyer and I found $12, 000 in a cave. That money made us rich. We got $6, 000 each. Judge Thatcher, an important man in St. Petersburg, put it in the bank, and now we get a dollar a day interest (利息）.
Then a kind old lady called Widow Douglas invited me to live with her because I haven’t got a family or a home. My mother died a long time ago, then my dad, Pap, disappeared. He was a violent (狂暴的) man especially when he drank a lot, which was most of the time, and he often beat me. I was scared of him. I didn’t go to school like the other boys of my age. I lived on the streets and in the woods.
My life changed after I lived with the widow (寡妇). She gave me a bed to sleep in and bought new clothes for me. She read stories to me and taught me how to eat at a table. But then her sister Miss Watson arrived. She brought her black slave (奴隶) Jim with her. I liked Jim but I didn’t like Miss Watson very much. She often shouted at me.
Widow Douglas sent me to school every day. I didn’t like going there at first because learning was very difficult. But when I could read and write a bit, I didn’t mind going.
The months passed and winter came. The weather got cold. One morning I woke up and there was snow on the ground. On my way to school, I saw some footprints outside the widow’s house. There was a cross on the heel (脚后跟) of the left one. My heart jumped. Only one person wore boots with a cross on the left head! Pap!
“He’s heard about my money,” I thought. “And he wants it!”
That night I went to see Jim. Jim had a magic ball made of animal hair. There was a spirit inside the ball that could answer people’s questions about the future.
61. How did Huck get the money which was given to Judge Thatcher to put in the bank?
A. Huck’s father gave him.
B. Window Douglas gave him.
C. Huck and Tom Sawyer found the money in a cave.
D Huck’s mother left the money to him before she dies.
62. How did Huck feel about living with Widow Douglas?
A. He didn’t mind his new life. B. He hated his new life.
C. He wanted to get away from his new life. D. He loved his new life.
63. From the passage, we can know that __________.
A. Miss Douglas was very kind to Huck B. Mr. Thatcher was unimportant to Huck
C. Miss Watson was quite patient with Huck D. Huck’s dad was very generous to him
64. Which is the right order of what happened in the story?
①Widow Douglas sent Huck to school. ②Huck’s mother died.
③Widow Douglas invited Huck to live with her. ④Widow Douglas read stories to Huck.
A. ③④②① B. ②④③① C. ③②④① D. ②③④①
65. What can we learn about Huckleberry Finn according to the passage?
A. Huck had a happy life with his parents.
B. Thatcher offered a bed to Huck to sleep in.
C. Huck knew that Pap wanted to get his money.
D. It was Jim who helped Huck when he was in trouble.
【答案】61. C 62. D 63. A 64. D 65. C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲Huckleberry Finn和Tom Sawyer在洞穴发现钱及后面被寡妇Douglas收养的故事。
61细节理解题。根据“The story started when my best friend, Tom Sawyer and I found $12, 000 in a cave.”可知钱是Tom Sawyer和Huck一起在洞穴里发现的，故选C。
62推理判断题。根据“Then a kind old lady called Widow Douglas invited me to live with her because I haven’t got a family or a home.”及“My life changed ashang'liangfter I lived with the widow (寡妇). She gave me a bed to sleep in and bought new clothes for me. She read stories to me and taught me how to eat at a table.”可知善良的Douglas收养作者并给他买衣服，读故事，教他餐桌礼仪，故可推知作者对新生活是喜爱的，故选D。
63推理判断题。根据“She gave me a bed to sleep in and bought new clothes for me. She read stories to me and taught me how to eat at a table.”可知Douglas给他床睡觉，给他买新衣服，读故事并教他餐桌礼仪，因此Douglas是很善良的，故选A。
64细节理解题。根据“My mother died a long time ago”及“Then a kind old lady called Widow Douglas invited me to live with her because I haven’t got a family or a home.”及“She read stories to me and taught me how to eat at a table.”及“Widow Douglas sent me to school every day.”可知妈妈去世是首先发生的；接下来Douglas邀请他来居住，并给他读故事，最后送他去上学。故顺序是②③④①。故选D。
65细节理解题。根据“Only one person wore boots with a cross on the left head! Pap!”及“He’s heard about my money, I thought. And he wants it!”可知Huck知道Pap想要他的钱。故选C。
十
(2021-2022学年无锡市梁溪区)
C
We all know there is a problem with plastic pollution. Five trillion plastic bags are used every year. One million plastic drinking bottles are bought every minute. What if we could use plastic waste to build roads? This is what Toby McCartney has already done.
In 2019, McCartney’s UK-based company, MacRebur, built the world’s first plastic road in Elgin town, Scotland. The plastic waste was made into grains (颗粒) and then mixed with bitumen (沥青). The road looks just like any other road. But it has improved strength and is more stretchy (有弹性的) thanks to the plastic.
“Our technology can not only help solve the problem of plastic waste but also produce roads that deal better with changes in the weather, reducing cracks (裂缝) and potholes (路面的坑洼),” McCartney told the BBC.
McCartney’s idea came from a trip to India. “I saw people in India would put plastic waste into potholes and burn it. The plastic would melt (熔化) down and form a seal in the hole,” said McCartney.
“I knew that there must be some similarities between the plastic and bitumen, which both come from oil. That’s how I started to think about mixing them,” he said.
“We’re just a small part of ending the plastic problems, but it’s nice to be part of it,” McCartney said. “I just don’t want my daughters to live in a world where there are more plastics in our oceans than fish.”
31. Paragraph 1 is written to show that plastic pollution is ________.
A. faster than expected B. better than other pollution
C. a serious problem D. mostly unknown
32. Compared (比较) with normal roads, the plastic road ________.
a. is not easy to break
b. is afraid of hot weather
c. is more stretchy
d. costs more money
A. ab B. ac C. bc D. bd
33. What does McCartney mean in the last paragraph?
A. Plastic pollution will soon be solved with his help.
B. Children should also join to reduce plastic pollution.
C. Plastic pollution is becoming more and more serious.
D. He is willing to offer help in reducing plastic pollution.
【答案】31. C 32. B 33. D
【解析】本文主要讲述了塑料污染的严重性，为了解决这个问题，Toby McCartney想出了一个主意——用塑料垃圾建造道路。
31推理判断题。根据文中第一段“Five trillion plastic bags are used every year. One million plastic drinking bottles are bought every minute.”可推理出，第1段表明塑料污染是一个严重的问题。故选C。
32推理判断题。根据文中“The road looks just like any other road. But it has improved strength and is more stretchy (有弹性的) thanks to the plastic.”可推理出，与普通道路相比，塑料道路不易断裂，且更有弹性。故选B。
33推理判断题。根据文中““We’re just a small part of ending the plastic problems, but it’s nice to be part of it,” McCartney said.”可推理出，McCartney在最后一段的意思是他愿意为减少塑料污染提供帮助。故选D。
十二
(2021-2022学年泰州市海陵区)
C

Life has a way of shaping us. Life can make you doubt or question your purpose. These are thoughts that I have had in my head for many years. Poetry prepares me for my purpose. My purpose is poetry.
In my journey towards purpose, poetry is my safety net. I started writing at the age of 5. By 13, I had written quite a lot of poems. Poetry was my escape from bullying by my peers (同龄人) and teachers when studying in an American country school. They bullied me because of the way I looked. This bullying gave me low self-respect. Poetry was my way to be seen, be heard and be known.
For each important moment in my life I write poetry. In hard times, I write poetry. I connect with poetry on a deep level. It helps me out of pain. However, writing poetry can’t support me. So I turned to teaching instead.
While living in China, my job is an English teacher. I help teach two classes. The two Chinese teachers I work with tell me how to teach the students English. The teachers decide what I need to do in the classroom. With challenging situations like this, I keep on writing poetry. I write down my feelings. I draw pictures of the real world. I accept a new me. I learn to think about things with confidence. My relationship with poetry grows over time. Poetry stays in the depths of my soul (灵魂).
There is nothing stopping you. The only person standing in your way is you. You have the power. Keep going. Keep believing. Remember that your hard work is not in vain. Go for it! Your purpose is waiting for you!
54. The author said poetry was her safety net because ________.
A. it helped her out of pain B. it was a way for her to make friends
C. it gave her a sense of achievement D. it made her popular among her peers
55. What made the author change herself and think with confidence?
A. The respect from her partner. B. The love from her students.
C. The non-stop poetry writing. D. The career of being a teacher.
56. The phrase “in vain” means ________ in the last paragraph.
A. necessary B. important C. successful D. useless
57. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the author?
A. The author began writing poetry when she was 5.
B. The author used to be bullied by her peers and teachers in America.
C. The author moved to China to make more money to publish her poetry.
D. The author worked as an English teacher, but she continued writing poetry.
58. The best title for this passage can be ________.
A. Work to discover your purpose B. Be brave to face the bully
C. Failure is the mother of success D. Dig up to the depths of your soul
【答案】54. A 55. C 56. D 57. C 58. A
【解析】本文讲述了自己的目标是诗歌，她一直努力去达到她的目标。
54推理判断题。根据“In hard times, I write poetry. I connect with poetry on a deep level. It helps me out of pain.”可知，作者说诗歌是她的安全网，因为它帮助她摆脱痛苦。故选A。
55推理判断题。根据“With challenging situations like this, I keep on writing poetry. I write down my feelings. I draw pictures of the real world. I accept a new me. I learn to think about things with confidence.” 可知，不间断的诗歌写作，让作者改变了自己，充满自信地思考。故选C。
56词句猜测题。根据“Keep going. Keep believing.”和“Go for it!”可知，要一直努力，一直相信自己，因此努力学习不是无用的，故选D。
57推理判断题。根据“However, writing poetry can’t support me. So I turned to teaching instead.”和“While living in China, my job is an English teacher. I help teach two classes.”可知，这位作者搬到中国是教英语，而不是为了赚更多的钱来出版她的诗歌。故选C。
58标题归纳题。根据“Poetry prepares me for my purpose. My purpose is poetry.”和“Keep going. Keep believing. Remember that your hard work is not in vain. Go for it! Your purpose is waiting for you!”可知，本文讲述要一直努力工作，来找到自己的目标。故选A。
十三
(2021-2022学年南京市玄武区)

E
My mom’s life was a busy one. Raising four kids on her own was a full time job in itself, but she also worked outside the home. Surprisingly, she always seemed to find a little bit of extra time for us despite (不管) her schedule (预定计划).
She would take us over to my aunt’s in the evening when she worked as a waitress in a small diner. We would just be finished with school and have to hurry, so my mom would be on time for work. I thought she would pass us over to our aunt and hurry off as soon as we made it through the front gate, but that didn’t happen. Instead, we would sit on the porch (门廊), my mom in her waitress uniform, and we would rock in my aunt’s big wooden swing (秋千) and talk about what happened that day.
“I learned how to add numbers up to the hundreds,” my sister Sandy would say.
“That’s wonderful,” my mom would reply, holding her tight.
“I learned how to write my name!” Larry, my younger brother, would shout.
My mom would get a piece of paper and a pencil out of her purse and hand it to my brother. “Show me how you do it,” she’d ask softly.
“Do you have enough time to hear what I did today?” I’d ask her.
Mom would smile at me and nod. “I’m never too busy for something important like that!”
She gave us the gift of time again and again throughout the years. Later on in her life, when she came to live with us after her retirement (退休), my mom gave the gift of time to my children too. They would run around excitedly, asking their grandma if she would play with them, or read them a story, or go for a walk with them. By then my mom had health problems, but she would always nod and sit down and read to them or tell them stories about when she was a little girl. Those moments were a wonderful gift that my children still talk about and treasure.
In the last few years of her life, I would take her to lunch or sit with her on the porch, and we would talk about the past, the dream of the future, and just enjoy being with each other. My mom would listen as I shared all of my hopes, my fears, and my dreams for my family. I would look at her and ask her if she minded me taking up so much of her free time.
“Nonsense,” she’d tell me. Then she’d give me a wink and say, “I’m never too busy to spend time with you. It’s one of the greatest joys of my life.”
I will always remember those wonderful words and the loving heart behind them. It is a gift my mom give to me for which I will forever be grateful. In this busy world of ours, and in a life filled with challenges, she always had time to share her joy with me.
37. According to the passage, we know that the writer grew up ________.
A. in a small diner B. in a low-paid family
C. only with her aunt D. with four sisters and brothers
38. What did the children do on the porch of their aunt’s?
A. They shared their daily experiences.
B. They told funny stories to their aunt.
C. They helped their mother do some work.
D. They played games together with their aunt.
39. After retiring, the writer’s mother ________.
A. always stayed alone at home
B. looked after the writer’s children
C. moved to live with her daughter Sandy
D. often gave gifts to the writer’s children
40. What’s the best title for the passage?
A. Always for Pleasure B. Mon’s Gift of Time
C. My Children’s Memory D. Wonderful Retirement Life
【答案】37. B 38. A 39. B 40. B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者回忆了自己的母亲。母亲努力工作独自抚养着四个孩子，日子虽然过得很忙碌，但是母亲总是能抽出时间陪伴自己的孩子和孙子，而作者则视这些陪伴的时光为珍贵的礼物。
37推理判断题。根据原文“Raising four kids on her own was a full time job in itself, but she also worked outside the home”可知，作者的母亲要工作并独自养育四个孩子，负担很重，由此可推断这一家子的经济状况比较紧张。故选B。
38细节理解题。根据原文“Instead, we would sit on the porch (门廊), my mom in her waitress uniform, and we would rock in my aunt’s big wooden swing (秋千) and talk about what happened that day”可知，在他们阿姨家的门廊上，他们会聊这一天发生的事。故选A。
39细节理解题。根据原文“Later on in her life, when she came to live with us after her retirement (退休), my mom gave the gift of time to my children too”可知，作者的母亲退休之后，又帮作者照顾孩子。故选B。
40最佳标题。本文是一篇记叙文，作者回忆了自己的母亲。母亲努力工作独自抚养着四个孩子，日子虽然过得很忙碌，但是母亲总是能抽出时间陪伴自己的孩子和孙子，而作者则视这些陪伴的时光为珍贵的礼物。故选B。
十四
(2021-2022学年常州市溧阳市)
C
Memory collects and stores information that we need for different tasks. It also plays an important role in helping us recognize (识别) and remember important people and special things.
Some diseases destroy the brain’s memory function (功能). Yet even without these terrible diseases, some people, like busy entrepreneurs (企业家), can risk losing stored memories and the ability to form and keep new ones. Besides, our unhealthy lifestyles, for example, little sleep, can hurt memory function.
Luckily, science gives us hope with ways to improve our memory.
Use games and apps to train your brain.
A 2017 study found that a lot of video games can improve memory-related areas in the brain. If you aren’t a fan of video games, consider brain-training and memory apps to play with when you have a break. You can also try crossword, find-a-word and picture search apps. Board games (棋类游戏) also help.
Exercise regularly. While mental exercise helps improve your memory skills, physical exercise is also important. Several research studies show that regular physical exercise is good for memory.
Reduce stress levels. Research has found that some people with dementia (痴呆) actually didn’t have it at all. Instead, stress had hurt their memory. By using stress reduction methods they were able to get and even improve memory function again.
Eat your vegetables and fruit. A study showed that men may improve their memory by eating more vegetables and fruit. The study included about 28, 000 men in their early 50s who answered questions every four years. The study showed the men who ate more vegetables and fruit each day didn’t have poor thinking skills as often as those who ate less each day.
29. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?
A. Busy people usually have memory loss. B. Diseases destroy people's memory.
C. There are some causes of memory problems. D. We should have healthy lifestyles.
30. The underlined word “mental“ means ______________ in Chinese.
A. 脑力的 B. 适当的 C. 丰富的 D. 剧烈的
31. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Loss of sleep can lead to poor memory.
B. Playing video games is bad for our memory.
C. In fact, poor memory is caused by stress.
D. Memory loss can be avoided by eating healthily.
32. What's the best title for the passage?
A. Results of a study on memory B. Why memory is important to us
C. How to lead a healthy lifestyle D. Ways to improve memory
【答案】29. C 30. A 31. A 32. D
【解析】本文是说明文，短文就如何提高记忆力给出了几点建议。
29主旨大意题。根据“Yet even without these terrible diseases, some people, like busy entrepreneurs, can risk losing stored memories and the ability to form and keep new ones. Besides, our unhealthy lifestyles, for example, little sleep, can hurt memory function”，可知本段解释导致记忆问题的原因，故选C。
30词句猜测题。根据下文“exercise helps improve your memory skills”，可知说的是脑力锻炼，故选A。
31推理判断题。根据“Some diseases destroy the brain’s memory function…Besides, our unhealthy lifestyles, for example, little sleep, can hurt memory function”，可知睡眠不足会导致记忆力下降；“Loss of sleep can lead to poor memory”说法正确，故选A。
32细节理解题。通读全文，结合“Luckily, science gives us hope with ways to improve our memory”，可知短文就如何提高记忆力给出了几点建议；“Ways to improve memory”符合文意，故选D。
十五
(2021-2022学年常州市)
C
The list for the sixth-grade basketball team was announced online. I was a little worried because I knew how much my 12-year-old son wanted to make the team.
I read the list of 13 names for a few minutes. Finally, I had to tell myself that my son wasn’t among the players who were allowed to continue playing. I felt sad. I wished it would be about victory. Like every parent, I love to say, “You did it!”
Instead, I had to give my son a speech to comfort my son, which was a lot less exciting, but probably more important. It was not really a speech, but a further discussion about spirit, courage and not giving up. Although it was painful for me to see myself so disappointed (失望), I needed to keep my own feelings in check. Sure, I wanted to call the coach to say he made a big mistake, but I would not. Nor would I let my son know that I thought it unfair (不公平的). Instead, I put my own feelings aside and let my son have a safe place to calm down his own moods.
And when he was done, I needed to encourage him to continue to improve skills. That day was a loss, but the only way to get another win was to put on his trainers and get on the basketball court again.
My son is 15 years old now. And, after being cut from the team for three years in a row (连续地)，he got to see his name on the list for the high school team. Last week, my husband and I watched him play in his first game. The smile on his face when he made his first shot in is something I will never forget. After so many failures, it was a win that didn’t come easy for him. And it wouldn’t have happened if he had given up trying.
27. Why did the writer feel sad at first?
A. Because her son didn’t keep feeling confident.
B. Because her son didn’t enter the basketball team.
C. Because her son decided to stop playing basketball.
D. Because her son failed in a few basketball matches.
28. What does the underlined part “keep my own feelings in check” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Hide my own feelings. B. Hurt my own feelings.
C. Follow my own feelings. D. Show my own feelings.
29. What can be inferred about the writer’s son?
A. He felt unhappy with his parents.
B. He stopped working on his game skills.
C. He played in the high school team at the age of 12.
D. He was finally accepted by his high school team.
30. What’s the best title of the passage?
A. Cry out when feeling down B. Give up at the right time
C. Victory comes from keeping trying D. Success comes from chances
【答案】27. B 28. A 29. D 30. C
【解析】作者的儿子六年级时想加入学校篮球队，但失败了。本文主要叙述了在查到名单里没有儿子后，作者的心理变化以及对儿子的鼓励。最后经过三年的坚持，儿子终于成功加入篮球队。
27细节理解题。根据“I had to tell myself that my son wasn’t among the players who were allowed to continue playing. I felt sad.”可知，作者感觉难过，是因为儿子没能进入篮球队。故选B。
28词句猜测题。根据“Although it was painful for me to see myself so disappointed (失望), I needed to...”可知，本句话是although引导的让步状语从句，表示虽然失望，但是不能表现出来，即隐藏自己的情感。故选A。
29推理判断题。根据“he got to see his name on the list for the high school team”可知，儿子进入了高中篮球队，选项D正确。故选D。
30标题归纳题。根据“After so many failures, it was a win that didn’t come easy for him. And it wouldn’t have happened if he had given up trying.”可知，本句话点明主旨：不放弃尝试才能成功。选项C“成功来自不断的尝试”最适合做标题，故选C。
十六
(2021-2022学年南通市)

C
In the weeks leading up to this year’s Double Eleven shopping festival, Peng Ling, a college student, received many advertising messages on her phone. The confusing thing was that she never bought things from some of the shops, so how could they know her phone number?
It can be quite annoying when our personal information is leaked（泄露）. But it would be even worse if our information is used for crimes.
On November l, the Personal Information Protection Law came into effect in China. The law has detailed rules to strengthen the protection of personal information. The law describes personal information as any kind of information about people who are or can be identified. So a person’s name, date of birth, ID number, address and phone number are all personal information. There are also some kinds of personal information that are considered as “sensitive”, such as fingerprints, faces, religious beliefs, medical health and all data relating to minors（未成年）under 14.
According to the law, activities such as collecting, using, processing and trading of personal information will be strictly controlled. One key rule is that those dealing with personal information should let users know and get permission（许可）.
Protection of personal information of online platform users is especially stressed. According to a report, the country has more than one billion Internet users and 60 percent of surveyed apps had collected users’ information illegally（非法地）. Many apps would collect users’ information even when the app was not in use.
For individuals, it’s important to realize the importance of protecting personal information. If it’s not necessary, don’t agree to share personal information. If you find that your personal information has been used illegally, you can report to cyberspace（网络）administrations（管理机构）with evidence.
For companies or platforms, they can only handle personal information when there is a specific purpose. They need to make sure the information is under strict protection. If they break the law, they may be fined up to 50 million yuan. People who steal or sell personal information will be fined and may face prison time.
38. What does the underlined word “confusing” in Para l probably mean?
A. Amazing. B. Not clear. C. Interesting. D. Easy to understand.
39. Which of the following belongs to sensitive personal information according to the law?
A. ID numbers. B. Date of birth. C. Phone numbers. D. Fingerprints.
40. What does Para 5 want to tell us?
A. When apps collect users’ information illegally.
B. How many Internet users there are in our country.
C. Why protection of personal information is needed.
D. How online users protect their personal information.
41. What is true according to the passage?
A. People should always be careful when sharing personal information.
B. Companies can collect personal information before getting permission.
C. People who steal or sell personal information will surely be put into prison.
D. Activities like collecting and using personal information will not be allowed.
【答案】38. B 39. D 40. C 41. A
【解析】本文主要讲述个人信息泄露的问题。国家制定了相关法律保护个人信息。
38词义猜测题。根据“The confusing thing was that she never bought things from some of the shops, so how could they know her phone number?”可知，她没有在商店买东西，但是却收到了广告信息，这很令人困惑，“confusing”意为“令人困惑”，与“not clear”同义。故选B。
39细节理解题。根据“There are also some kinds of personal information that are considered as ‘sensitive’, such as fingerprints, faces, religious beliefs, medical health and all data relating to minors under 14.”可知，指纹是敏感的个人信息。故选D。
40段落大意题。根据“Protection of personal information of online platform users is especially stressed...Many apps would collect users’ information even when the app was not in use.”可知，第五段主要讲述为什么需要保护个人信息。故选C。
41细节理解题。根据“For individuals, it’s important to realize the importance of protecting personal information. If it’s not necessary, don’t agree to share personal information.”可知，人们在共享个人信息时应始终小心谨慎，A选项表述正确。故选A。
十七
(2021-2022学年苏州市)
D
Hello, I’m Rob. Welcome to our programme. Today we’re talking about high-speed train travel. Many countries have very fast trains that transport people from city to city in super-quick time. Yes, high-speed train travel is becoming popular. Well, we’ll be finding out why the UK is hoping to do something that is already popular by building a new high-speed rail line.
We know that high-speed train travel has many good things. It helps to take traffic off the road, it causes less pollution, it can move lots of people and it’s quick. Yes, speed is important. Now, the TGV train in France takes about three hours to travel over 750 kilometres from Paris to Marseille in the south - very impressive.
But the UK has been slow to build high-speed rail lines. It has one from London to Paris, but the Transport Secretary, Patrick McLoughlin, thinks one line is not good enough. People can go from London to Paris on high-speed trains, but can’t go from London to Birmingham. That means you can get to Paris by train more quickly than you can travel to many British cities. The government wants to build another one — called HS2 — connecting London to the middle and north of England.
But not everyone agrees to the plan and there is much discussion. Some say it will be very expensive to build, although some experts（专家）say for every 1 pound spent, it will bring 2 pounds back. There are also worries that some of the countrysides will be destroyed. It could be a long time before a final decision is made. So now we’ll just have to accept that our trains in the UK will carry on at an unhurried speed while we watch with envy as another country’s high-speed train passes us by!
Thank you. We hope you’ve enjoyed today’s programme.
29. What is the type of the programme?
A. A news review. B. A drama series. C. A chat show. D. A weekly round-up.
30. Why does Rob mention the TGV train in paragraph 2?
A. To explain how it works. B. To show how fast it travels.
C. To report how far it goes. D. To prove how famous it is.
31. What can we infer from the article about the high-speed train travel in the UK?
A. It is slow. B. It is expensive. C. It falls behind. D. It becomes popular.
32. What does the host think of building a new rail line in the UK?
A. It will be completed soon. B. It is not a good idea.
C. It destroys the environment. D. It may take a long time.
【答案】29. A 30. B 31. C 32. D
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道，文章讲述英国希望的高铁线。讲述高铁的优势；英国在高铁线修建的落后，并讲述了不同人对这个计划的不同看法。
29推理判断题。根据第一段“Today we’re talking about high-speed train travel”，“we’ll be finding out why the UK is hoping to do something that is already popular by building a new high-speed rail line”及倒数第二段“But not everyone agrees to the plan and there is much discussion”可知文章讨论高铁旅行，英国希望做一些事情来修建一条新的高铁线。并讲述了不同人对这个计划的不同看法。可推断这是一条新闻评论。故选A。
30推理判断题。根据第二段“ it’s quick. Yes, speed is important” 及“ the TGV train in France takes about three hours to travel over 750 kilometres from Paris to Marseille in the south”可知举例子是为了讲述高铁的速度很快。故选B。
31推理判断题。根据第三段“the UK has been slow to build high-speed rail lines”可知，英国在高铁线的建造上已经落后了。故选C。
32推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“It could be a long time before a final decision is made”可知，可知最后的决定下定之前可能有很长一段时间。可推断作者的看法是在英国修建一条新的铁路可能要花费很长时间。故选D。