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高考英语一轮复习知识点教案:主谓一致
展开主 谓 一 致
定义:主谓一致是指主语和谓语的单复数形式要一致。
1) 语法一致原则,即主语语法形式上的单复数形式与谓语的单复数复数形式要一致。The girl has found her mother.
2) 意义一致原则,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。致。Three years in a strange land seems like a long time.
3) 就(靠)近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,
一般一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。例如:There is one desk and two chairs in the room.
There are two chairs and one desk in the room.
There is much water in the thermos.
但当 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数。
例如:Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.
一 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数
Reading and writing are very important.
注意: 当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.
典型例题
The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were
答案B. 注: 先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C.。本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别, monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。
二 主谓一致中的就(靠)近原则
1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students inin the class.
2)当either… or…, neither… nor与not only… but also…连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。 如果句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。
Either you or she is to go.
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.
三 谓语动词与前面的主语一致
当主语后面跟有with, together with, as well as, like, except, but, no less than 等词引起的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.
He as well as I wants to go boating.
四 与后接名词或代词保持一致
1)用half of, part of, a portion of, most of 等词引起主语时,动词通常与of后面的名词,代词保持一致。
Most of his money is spent on books.
Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.
2)由more than… of 作主语时,动词通常与of后面的名词,代词保持一致。
More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.
百 百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市。
五 谓语需用单数
1) 代词each、either、neither和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语,或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数。
Each of us has a tape-recorder.
Either of the stories is interesting.
Neither of them is interested in maths.
There is something wrong with my watch.
Nobody wants to go there.
2)在一些短语,如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式。
Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书。
3) 当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。
The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.
<<天方夜谭>>是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。
4) 表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数。
Three hours is enough for us to finish the experiment.
Ten dollars is too cheap for this pair of shoes.
六 谓语需用复数
“the + 形容词/-ed分词”这一表示一类人的结构作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
The injured have been taken to hospital.
The young are required to respect the old.
这种结构表示物时,谓语动词用单数。
The good in him outweights the bad.
七 指代意义决定谓语的单复数
1) 在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。
All is right. (一切顺利。)
All are present. (所有人都到齐了。)
2) 集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时,意为这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时表示这个集体。
His family isn't very large. 他家不是一个大家庭。
His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者。
但集合名词people, police, cattle等在任何情况下都用复数形式。
Are there any police around?
八 有些名词如number有时看作单数,有时看作复数
A number of + 名词复数 + 复数动词。
The number of + 名词复数 + 单数动词。
A number of books have lent out.
The number of this school is 3,000
九 “one of + 复数名词 + who/that/which分句”结构中的主谓一致问题
在此结构中,关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one,因此分句中的动词应该用复数形式。
例如:This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked. 这是所有提出的最有趣的问题之一。
只有当one之前有the或the only等修饰语时,关系代词的先行词才是one, 而非靠近它的复数名词,因而分句中的动词应该用单数形式。
例如:Sarah was the only one of the youngest girls who plays in the band. 莎拉是乐队中唯一一位最年轻的姑娘。
十 what-分句作主语的主谓一致问题
在大多数情况下,由what引导的名词性分句作主语时,其后的谓语动词(多数是be的某种形式),应该按语法一致原则,采取单数形式。
例如:What is needed is act. 需要的是行动。
然而,在下列情况下,以what-分句为主语的谓语动词也可以用复数形式。
①在以what-分句为主语时,主句的系表结构中,如果表语是复数,谓语动词也可以用复数形式。
例如:What they want are promises.他们需要的是诺言。
②当what-分句中的谓语动词和表语均为复数形式时,主句的谓语动词也可以用复数形式。
例如:What appear to be large windows in the second story are glass heat collector.在二楼看上去像大窗户的东西是玻璃聚热器。
③当what-分句是个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词也可以用复数形式。
例如:What I say and think are no business of yours.
(= What I say is…and what I think is…)
我所说、所想的与你不相干。
其它名词性分句如that-分句以及某些非限定分句作主语时,其谓语动词采用单数形式。
例如:That they were wrong in this matter is now clear to us all. 他们在这个问题上是错的,这一点我们现在都清楚了。
To talk to him in English is my greatest pleasure.
与他用英文交谈是我最大的乐趣。
Playing with fire is dangerous.
玩火是危险的。
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