高考英语三轮冲刺纠错笔记专题09“虚”“情”假意无人爱(2份打包,解析版+原卷版)
展开技巧1 情态动词重语气
1. Sme peple wh dn’t like t talk much are nt necessarily shy; they _______________ just be quiet peple.
A. must B. may C. shuld D. wuld
【错因分析】考生容易误选C项,认为是"一定是",实际上这里表示可能性。
【试题解析】句意:一些不爱说话的人并不是真的害羞,他们可能只是比较安静。must必须;may可能;shuld应该;wuld将要。由句意可知这里表示不确定的推测,要用may。
【参考答案】B
may/might接动词原形时表示对现在情况的推测,意思是"可能"。
She thught it might be wise t try her luck here. 她认为在这儿碰碰运气也许不错。
2. —What des the sign ver there read?
—N persn ______________ smke r carry a lighted cigarette, cigar r pipe in this area.
A. will B. may C. shall D. must
【错因分析】考生容易误选A项,认为这里要用will表示将来或意愿。shall在本句中用于第三人称,表示警告和禁止;will表示现在的意志、愿望等,意为"要,希望";may表示许可,或用于请求许可,意为"可,可以";must意为"必须,要,应当"。
【试题解析】句意:——那边的那个标志说的什么?——任何人都不准在这个区域吸烟、或携带点着的香烟、雪茄或烟斗。根据语境可知这里表示警告和禁止,因此要用shuld。
【参考答案】C
shall用作情态动词主要有以下两个用法:
(1)用于第一、三人称的疑问句,表示征求对方意见。
Shall I help yu? 要不要我帮你?
Shall I pen the windw? 要我把窗子打开吗?
Shall she g t the cncert with us this evening? 她要和我们一起去音乐会吗?
(2)用于陈述句中表示允诺、告诫、警告、威胁、命令、规定、必然性等(可用于各类人称)。
Yu shall suffer fr this. 你会为此事吃苦头的。(表威胁)
Each cmpetitr shall wear a number. 每个参赛者要戴一个号码。(表规定)
Yu shall hear everything as sn as yu cme. 你一来就可以听到所有的情况。(表允诺)
Yu shall g t the frnt at nce. 你马上到前线去。(表命令)
Dn’t wrry. Yu shall get the answer this very afternn.
不要着急,你今天下午晚些时候可以得到答案。(表允诺)
He shall be srry ne day. I tell yu. 我告诉你,他早晚会后悔的。(表警告)
Nthing shall stp us frm fighting against pllutin.
什么也阻止不了我们与污染作斗争。(表决心)
1.(2020.天津卷二.单项填空) Jim says we ______ stay in his huse as lng as we leave it clean and tidy .
A. mustB. canC. needD. shuld
2.(2018·北京卷)In tday’s infrmatin age, the lss f data _________ cause serius prblems fr a cmpany.
A. need B. shuld C. can D. must
3. I think the wrk ____________ be cmpleted ahead f time.
4. —It’s the ffice! S yu ____________ knw eating is nt allwed here.
—Oh, srry.
A. must B. will C. may D. need
情态动词的基本用法
(一)情态动词的特点
情态动词,在英文中主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等。它很接近中文里的能愿动词。从用法上来说,它有这样几个特点:
1. 各个情态动词自身都有一定的词义。
2. 情态动词不能在句中独立担当谓语。
3. 情态动词在句中不受任何人称、性、数变化的影响。
4. 情态动词后接的不定式(除ught外)都不带t,即接动词原形。
(二)常用情态动词的基本用法
英文中的情态动词主要有:can, culd; may, might; must; ught; need; dare, dared,另外,shall, will, shuld, wuld在一定的场合也可用作情态动词。
He can speak five languages. 他会说五种语言。
She must have arrived hme by nw. 现在她准到家了。
We shuld study hard fr ur mtherland. 我们应该为祖国而努力学习。
They needn’t be in such a hurry fr there is enugh time fr them.
他们还有足够的时间,用不着这么慌张。
1. can, culd 能,会
culd可以看作是can的过去式,这两个词除了时态不相同外,在表达意思的许多方面是相同的。当然culd也有自己独特的用法。
(1)表示脑力或体力上的能力
Nbdy can stp the develpment f science. 谁也无法阻止科学的发展。
She can sing that sng in English.她能用英文唱那歌。
He can submerge t a depth f abut twenty meters. 他能潜入约二十米深的水中。
He culd hardly supprt his family befre he fund the new jb.
他在找到那份新工作前几乎无法养家。
I culd nt understand the lecture n the cmputer given by Mr. Smith.
我听不懂史密斯先生作的那个关于计算机的讲座。
(2)表示客观上的可能性
Yu can brrw this useful bk frm the library.
你可以从图书馆借到这种有用的书。
A mre suitable persn than him fr the jb cannt be fund.
不可能找到比他更适合这份工作的人了。
Nw peple can skate n the lake. 现在人们可以在湖上滑冰了。
When the strm stpped, the plane culd take ff. 当风暴停下来时,飞机可以起飞了。
(3)表示主观上的允许
Can I ask yu sme questins abut it? 我可以问你有关这件事的几个问题吗?
Yu cannt leave here till I cme back. 直到我回来你才能离开。
Such kind f thing can’t happen anymre later. 这类事以后不准再发生了。
Can yu tell me hw t get t the airprt? 你能告诉我怎么去机场吗?
Culd yu tell me hw t get t the airprt? 您能告诉我怎么去机场吗?
Culd I be frgiven my negligence? 请原谅我的疏忽,行吗?
(4)表示猜测、怀疑或惊诧(用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)
Hw can / culd yu be here? 你怎么会在这儿?
She culdn’t / can’t be s stupid t d that. 她不可能蠢得去做那种事吧。
He culdn’t / can’t be ver seventy. 他不可能有七十多岁了。
Where culd / can the by be nw? 那孩子现在能在哪儿呢?
另外,culd还常用于表示较客气委婉的看法、提问及用于虚拟语气的结构中。这时候,culd就不可以看作是can的过去式了。而是culd自己独特的用法。
Culd yu speak a little slwly? 您能稍微说慢一点儿吗?
I culd cme earlier if asked. 如果要让我早一点来,我可以来早一点。
I’m afraid that we culdn’t give yu any definite answer at this mment.
恐怕我们这时候还无法给予你任何确切的答复。
We wuld appreciate it if yu culd ffer us any help.
如果您能为我们提供帮助的话,我们将不甚感激。
Yu culd have dne better if yu had wrked harder at it.
如果你再加把劲,你本来可以做得更好一些的。
2. may, might 或许,可能,可以
might可以看作是may的过去式,这两个词除了时态不相同外,在表达意思的许多方面是相近的。当然may 和might又都有一些各自不同的独特用法。
(1)可能性
I may be busy frm tmrrw n. 从明天起我可能会忙起来。
I wndered if they might agree with the idea. 我想知道他们是否会同意这种想法。
She thught it might be wise t try her luck here. 她认为在这儿碰碰运气也不错。
Yu may catch sight f the sunrise frm here when yu get up befre 5 in the mrning.
你在早晨五点钟以前起来,或许能从这儿看到日出。
(2)表示允许
May I cme in? 我可以进来吗?
I’d like t have a smke here if I may. 如果可以的话我想在这儿抽一支烟。
The librarian tld her that she might return the bk t the library in three days.
图书馆理员告诉她说,她可以在三天后还那本书。
At the press cnference, a news reprter asked the chairman if she might truble him with a questin abut Taiwan issue. 在记者招待会上,一位新闻记者问大会主席她是否能提一个有关台湾问题方面的问题。
(3)may可以用来表示祝愿,也常用于表示目的或让步的状语从句中:
May that day cme sn. 但愿那天早日到来。
May yu succeed in winning the first prize in the game. 祝愿你比赛夺冠成功。
May yu cntinue in yur effrts and achieve greater successes. 祝愿你继续努力并取得更大的成功。
(4)might也常用于表示目的等状语从句中,或用于虚拟语气的结构中:
I culd nt cnvince him, try as I might. 我无论用什么样的办法也不能说服他。
He died s that the thers might live. 为了其他的人能活下去,他自己牺牲了。
One errr in calculatin might ruin the whle prject. 计算中出一点错就可能毁掉整个工程。
They left ff earlier n that day s that they might catch the first train.
那天,他们为了赶上头班车动身早一些。
If yu had made better use f yur time, yu might have learned mre.
假若你将自己的时间利用得更好一些,你本可以学到更多东西的。
★ 注意:在回答以may引导的问句时,一般说来避免使用may,以免显得太严厉、或不太客气,而改用其他方式。
—May I cme in? 我可以进来吗?
—Yes, please. / Sure. / Certainly. 请进。
—Please dn’t. 请不要进来。
—N , yu mustn’t. 不行。
3. must 应该,必须,一定
(1)表示出于职责、义务该做某事
We must prtect peple’s rights. 我们应该保护人民的利益。
Everyne must be lyal t his mtherland. 每个人都应该忠于自己的祖国。
Yu must serve the peple when yu grw up. 你们长大成人后应该服务于人民。
Students must wrk hard at their study. 学生应该努力学习。
(2)表示出于主观意识而必须要做某事
We must speed up the pace f ur ecnmic refrm. 我们必须加速经济改革的步伐。
We must keep steps t the scientific develpment. 我们一定要与科学的发展保持步调一致。
Yu must hurry up r yu’ll be late. 你必须得快点儿,不然会迟到的。
★ 注意:在这种用法中must表示出于主观意识而必须要做某事;have t却表示由于某种客观原因而不得不做某事。除此以外,have t自身有时态的变化形式。
I have t g nw fr I’ve gt a meeting 15 minutes later.
我现在必须要走了,因为我15分钟后有个会要开。
He has t be back hme by five t fetch his sn frm kindergarten.
他必须在五点钟前回家去幼儿园接他的儿子。
Jenny had t tidy up the rm befre her mther came back.
珍尼不得不在她妈妈回家以前将房间整理好。
★ 注意:在这种用法中,回答以must引导的问句时,若是否定答复,不可以用mustn’t 而需要用needn’t 或是dn’t have t,因为mustn’t意思是"绝不能、一定不要",而没有"不必"的意思。
—Must we hand in ur exercises tday? 我们今天必须交作业吗?
—Yes, yu must. 是的,必须交。
—N, yu needn’t(r, yu dn’t have t ). 不,不必今天交。
(3)表示禁止(用于否定句)
Yu must nt speak ill f thers. 你一定不要说别人的坏话。
Cars must nt park here. 这里禁止停车。
Smking must nt allw in the ffice. 严禁在办公室吸烟。
Yu mustn’t talk t girls like that. 你绝不能那样对女孩子说话。
(4)表示猜测、推测,must常用于肯定句中表示猜测。对现在或未来的事进行猜测时,后接动词原形;对已经发生的事进行猜测时,后接have + 过去分词。
Yu must be tired after wrking s lng. 你工作这么长时间,肯定累了吧。
It must be that naughty by crying utside. 肯定是那个调皮的孩子在外面大叫。
It must have rained last night fr it is s wet utside. 外面这么湿,昨晚肯定下雨了。
The idea must be accepted by the sciety sner r later.
这种想法肯定迟早会被社会所接受的。
I didn’t see yu in class yesterday. Yu must have been absent.
我昨天上课没见着你,你肯定没有来。
4. ught 应该(后接带t的不定式构成谓语动词)
(1)表示出于职责、义务该做某事
Yu ught nt t be s careless in yur wrk. 你不应该在工作上如此粗心大意。
We ught t study hard fr the sake f ur mtherland. 我们应该为了我们的祖国而努力学习。
His dctr said t him that he ughtn’t t smke s much. 他的医生说他不应该抽这么多烟。
Oughtn’t yu t give us a chance t try? 你难道不应该给我们一个尝试的机会吗?
(2)表示极有可能发生某事
As an aut repairman, Dick ught t knw what is wrng with the car.
作为一个汽车修理工,狄克应该知道这部车的毛病所在。
If we set ff right nw, we ught t be able t get there in time.
如果我们马上出发,我们应当能够按时到达那里。
Tmrrw ught t be a nice day fr we have such a fine sunset tday.
今天有这么好的晚霞,明天准是个晴天。
5. need需要(用于否定句和疑问句)
There are still ne and a half hurs t g, we needn’t be in such a hurry.
还有一个半小时,我们无需如此慌张。
I hardly need say hw much we missed yu. 不用说我们是多么地想念你。
Need yu g s sn? 你需要这么早就去吗?
Yu need have n anxiety n my accunt. 你不必为我而着急。
6. dare, dared敢(用于否定句、疑问句和疑问句)
Dare yu stay here alne in the night? 你敢在夜里待在这儿吗?
Nbdy dared mentin that matter. 没有人敢提那件事。
Hw dared yu say that t her? 你怎么敢对她说那件事?
Even if yu dare d it, I wn’t allw yu t because it’s t dangerus.
即使你敢做,我也会让你做那件事,因为太危险了
7. shall用作情态动词时,适用于第二人称和第三人称。
主要表示下面几层意思:
(1)许诺
Yu shall hear everything directly yu cme. 你一来就可以听到一切了。
"Whatever yu want yu shall have, "said the Fairy. 仙女说:"你想得到什么,你就可以有什么。"
I dn’t want t be hard n yur daughter; she shan’t be pressed.
我不想对你女儿太严厉,她不会受压制。
I prmise that yu shall see her again befre lng.
我保证你不久就能再见到她。
(2)命令
Yu shall cme t my ffice immediately. 你必须马上来我的办公室。
She shall nt stay in my garden. 她不可以待在我的花园里。
He shall nt cme int my study. 不许他进我的书房。
Yu shall d as yu are tld. 按告诉你的那么做。
(3)决心(表示某事一定会发生)
That day shall cme. 那一天一定会到来。
It has been decided that he shall be given the jb. 已经决定让他做那份工作了。
This law shall cme int effect n January 1st 2001. 这个法律于2001年1月1日生效。
(4)规定
Each cmpetitr shall wear a number. 每个参赛者要佩戴一个数字标。
The renter shall keep the huse in a neat and rderly state. 租赁者要保持房屋整洁有序。
The supplier shall make shipment befre Octber and the purchaser shall make payment within 15 days after receipt f the gds. 卖方十月以前装运,买方在收到货物后十五天内付款。
8. shuld用作情态动词时,有时表示具体的意思,有时没有意义。主要用于下面几个方面:
(1)表示出于职责、义务该做某事
Yu shuldn’t cme t such a decisin hastily. 你不应该匆忙做出这么一个决定。
Yu shuld write t yur parents at least nce a mnth. 你应该至少每月给你父母亲写一封信。
We shuld read English alud every mrning. 我们应该每天早晨朗读英文。
They shuld d it fr their wn gd. 为了他们自己利益他们应该做这件事。
(2)表示对某种情况的估计
She shuldn’t be ut in such an early mrning. 她不会这么一大早就出去了吧。
This bk shuld be published in tw mnths at mst. 这本书最多两个月后就会出版的。
The effect f the tax shuld be felt in higher prices.
人们可能会从各种上涨的物价中感觉到这种税的影响的。
The event shuld lead them t a even wrse ecnmic crisis.
这次事件可能会将他们引向更严重的经济危机。
(3)表示惊讶、失望等情绪
I think it is dreadful that anyne shuld be s miserable. 我认为,竟然每个人都如此伤心就太糟糕了。
Why shuld I pay him fr nthing? 我干吗要白白付给他钱?
It seems s unfair that this shuld happen t me. 这件事竟然发生在我身上,似乎太不公平了。
It’s strange that it shuld be s cld tday. 奇怪,今天怎么会这么冷。
(4)用于某些从句中表示虚拟语气
The dctr insisted that the girl shuld be hspitalized. 大夫坚持认为那个女孩要住院治疗。
She std away s that he shuld enter the rm first. 她让到一边,好让他第一个进入房间。
I’ll write it dwn lest I shuld frget it. 我将它记下以免遗忘。
Take an umbrella with yu in case it shuld rain. 带上雨伞,以防下雨。
9. will, wuld
wuld可以看作是will的过去式,这两个词除了时态不相同外,在表达意思的许多方面是相近的。当然will 和wuld又都有一些各自不同的独特用法。
(1)用于第二人称疑问句,表示请求(在这种用法中wuld使语气更为客气、委婉)
Will yu tell her that I’ll be back in twenty minutes? 请告诉她我二十分钟后回来,好吗?
If yu want help, just let me knw, will yu? 你需要帮助就告诉我,好吗?
Wuld yu tell me hw t get t the shpping center? 您能告诉我怎么去购物中心吗?
Wn’t yu cme in and have a little whisky?
你要不要进来喝一点儿威士忌?(或是:你进来喝一点儿威士忌,好吗?)
(2)用于表示愿望
G where yu will. 去你想去的地方吧。
I will pay yu at the rate yu ask. 我会按你要的利率付给你钱的。
He wuldn’t let the dctr take his bld pressure. 他不愿意让大夫给他量血压。
They had t bey whether they wuld r nt. 不管他们愿意与否,他们必须要遵从。
(3)表示习惯、倾向(可译成"总是会、老是,等" )
Smetimes the cat will lie there all afternn. 有时侯,那只猫会整个下午都躺在那儿。
Oil and water will nt mix. 油和水不能混合。
He wuld sit there fr hurs, ding nthing at all. 他总是在那儿一坐就是几个小时,什么都不干。
(4)表示猜测(可译成"一定是……、想必……,等" )
This will be the huse yu’re lking fr. 这想必就是你要找的房子吧。
He will have gne back t New Zealand. 他一定是回新西兰去了。
That wuld be in 1999, I think. 那大概是在1999年吧。
(5)will用于表示决心(可译成"一定要,决心"等 )
We will never talk abut that subject again. 我们决不会再谈论这个话题了。
I will make this cmputer wrk even if I have t stay up all night.
我即使整晚不睡觉也一定要让这台计算机工作起来。
(6)wuld常用于虚拟条件句,表示与事实相反或不太可能实现的情况
But fr yur help we wuld have been late. 要不是你帮忙我们就迟到了。
Well, I wuldn’t wrry abut it. It wn’t d me any gd.
好了,我不会担心那件事的,因为它不会给我带来什么好处。
技巧2 不同情感不同意,不同意思不同构
1. —Where is my dictinary? I remember I put it here yesterday.
—Yu ____________ it in the wrng place.
A.must put B.shuld have put
C.might put D.might have put
【错因分析】考生容易误选A项,原因是受汉语表达习惯的影响,认为"你一定是把它放错地方了"。根据前面的语境可判断出,本题考查情态动词表推测的用法。所以要用might have dne。shuld have dne表示"(过去)本来应该做某事"。must意为"一定",是肯定的推测,与所提供的情景矛盾。might put表示现在发生的事。
【试题解析】句意:——我的字典在哪儿?我记得昨天把它放这儿了。——你可能放错地方了。结合语境可知,这里表示对过去发生的事情的推测,表示一种可能性,may/might have dne表示"过去可能做了(某事)",故用might have put。
【参考答案】D
1.(2020.江苏卷.单项填空) If I hadn’t been faced with s many barriers, I _____where I am.
A. wn’t beB. wuldn’t have beenC. wuldn’t beD. shuldn’t have been
2.(2019·江苏卷·单项填空)What a pity! Yu missed the sightseeing, r we _________a gd time tgether.
A. hadB. will haveC. wuld have hadD. had had
3. That car nearly hit me; I ______________.
A. might be killed C. may be killed
B. might have been killed D. may been killed
1."must have dne"
表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成"一定做过某事",该结构只用于肯定句。
It must have rained last night, fr the grund is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了,因为地面还是湿的。
Yu must have been mad t speak t the servant. 你和仆人说话,一定是发疯了。
2."can’t have dne"
表示对过去事情的否定推测,译成"不可能做过某事"。
Mr Smith can’t have gne t Beijing, fr I saw him in the library just nw.
史密斯先生不可能去北京了,我刚才还在图书馆见过他。
Mary can’t have stlen yur mney. She has gne hme. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱,她回家去了。
3."can have dne"
表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句,译成"可能做过……吗?"。
There is n light in the rm. Can they have gne ut? 屋里没有灯,他们可能出去了吗?
There is nwhere t find them. Where can they have gne?
到处找不到他们,他们可能到什么地方去呢?
4."culd have dne"
是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。
He culd have passed the exam, but he was t careless.
本来他能够通过考试,但是他太粗心。
5."may have dne"
表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是"可能已经"或"也许已经",用于肯定句中。
—What has happened t Gerge? 乔治发生了什么事?
—I dn’t knw. He may have gt lst. 我不知道,他可能迷路了。
6."might have dne"
表示对过去事情的推测,might与may意思相同,但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。
She might have achieved greater prgress, if yu had given her mre chances.
如果你多给她点机会,她可能已经取得了更大的成绩。
7."wuld have dne"
虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是"本来会……"。
I wuld have tld yu all abut the by’s stry, but yu didn’t ask me.
我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事,但是你没有问我。
8."shuld have dne"
意思是"本来应该做某事,而实际没做"。"shuldn’t+have+dne"表示本来不应该做某事,而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含义。
Tm, yu are t lazy. The wrk shuld have been finished yesterday.
汤姆,你太懒惰了,这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。
Lk, Tm is crying. I shuldn’t have been s harsh n him.
看,汤姆哭了,我本不应该对他如此严厉的。
9."ught t have dne"
表示过去应该做而实际并没有做,译成"理应做……",往往表示遗憾。与"shuld have dne"用法基本一样。
I ught t have gne hme last Sunday. 我理应上星期日回家。
Yu ught nt t have given him mre help. 你不应该帮助他那么多。
10."need have dne"
表示本来需要做某事而实际没有做。"needn’t have dne"则表示"本来不需要做某事而实际做了"
I needn’t have bught s much wine — nly five peple came.
我本来没有必要买这么多酒,只来了五个人。
He need have hurried t the statin. In that case, he wuldn’t have missed the train.
他本来需要快点去车站的,那样的话,他就不会误了火车。
技巧3 虚拟时空多变幻
1. I _________ thrugh that bitter perid withut yur generus help.
【错因分析】此题考生容易误认为空格处表示现在的情况,用"wuld+动词原形",从而填成了wuldn’t g,实际上这是对过去的假设。
【试题解析】句意:如果没有你的慷慨帮助我不能度过那段艰难的时期。度过那段艰难的时期是过去发生的事情,因此这里是对过去发生的事情的假设,又因这里表示否定意义,因此要用culdn’t have dne。
【参考答案】culdn’t have gne
虚拟语气中,主句用"wuld / might / culd + 动词原形"表示现在或将来的情况,用"wuld / might / culd + have + 过去分词"表示过去的情况。
1.(2018·北京卷)They might have fund a better htel if they _________ a few mre kilmeters.
A. drve B. wuld drive
C. were t drive D. had driven
2. But fr their help, we _______ the prgram in time.
A. cannt finish B. will nt finish
C. had nt finished D. culd nt have finished
3. It is hard fr me t imagine what I wuld be ding tday if I ____________ in lve, at the age f seven, with the Melinda Cx Library in my hmetwn.
A. wuldn’t have fallen B. had nt fallen
C. shuld fall D. were t fall
注意:
1. wuld/shuld/culd/might
主句谓语中的shuld主要用于第一人称;wuld表示结果还表示过去经常做某事,might表示可能性,culd表示能力、允许或可能性。比较:
If yu tried again, yu wuld succeed.
要是你再试一试,你就会成功的。 (wuld表结果)
If yu tried again, yu might succeed.
要是你再试一试,你可能会成功的。 (might表可能)
If yu tried again, yu culd succeed.
要是你再试一试,你就能成功了。(culd表能力)
2. 错综时间虚拟条件句
即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致,如从句指过去,而主句即指的是现在或将来,此时应根据具体的语境情况,结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整:
If it had rained last night, the grund wuld be wet nw.
要是昨晚下过雨的话,现在地面就会是湿的。
Yu wuld be much better nw if yu had taken my advice.
假若你当时听我的话,你现在就会好多了。
3. If虚拟条件句的否定(含蓄条件句) 常考两个句型:If it weren’t fr...和If it hadn’t been fr...,其意为"若不是(有)" "要不是"。
If it weren’t fr water, n plant culd grw. 要是没有水植物就无法生长。
If it hadn’t been fr yur assistance, we wuldn’t have succeeded.
=But fr yur assistance, we wuldn’t have succeeded.
=Withut yur assistance, we wuldn’t have succeeded.
要是没有你的支持,我们不会成功的。
4. If虚拟条件句的倒装形式,即把were,had,shuld置于句首。
Were I in schl again (= If I were in schl again), I wuld study harder.
如果我再上学,我一定更加努力地学习。
Had yu asked me, I wuld have tld yu.
=If yu had asked me, I wuld have tld yu.
要是你问我的话,我就告诉你了。
技巧4 特定环境特定语气
1. The dctr recmmended that yu ______________ swim after eating a large meal.
A. wuldn’t B. culdn’t C. needn’t D. shuldn’t
【错因分析】考生容易误选B项,原因是不知道recmmend的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气。
【试题解析】句意:医生建议你在大吃一顿后不要游泳。recmmended后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气,即shuld+动词原形,shuld可以省略。
【参考答案】D
2. It is imprtant that we ______________.
A. shall clse the windw befre we leave B. will clse the windw befre we 1eave
C. must clse the windw befre we leave D. clse the windw befre we 1eave
【错因分析】考生容易误选C项,原因是没有掌握主语从句中用虚拟语气的用法。
【试题解析】It is imprtant(necessary,strange) that...主语从句中,谓语用shuld + 动词原形表示虚拟语气,shuld可以省略。
【参考答案】D
表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词(如:advise建议,cmmand命令,demand要求,desire渴望,insist坚持,intend打算,prpse提议,rder命令,require需要,request要求,recmmend劝告)后的宾语从句中,要用虚拟语气,即shuld+动词原形,shuld可以省略。
I suggest that we (shuld) set ff at nce. 我建议我们应该立刻出发。
1.(2018·江苏卷·单项填空)There is a gd scial life in the village, and I wish I _______ a secnd chance t becme mre invlved.
A. had B. will have
C. wuld have had D. have had
2. I’m ashamed that yu ______________(d) such a thing.
名词性从句中的虚拟语气
1. wish与hpe接宾语从句的区别在于:hpe表示一般可以实现的希望,宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较:
We hpe they will cme. (We dn’t knw if they can cme. 我不知道他们是否会来。)
We wish they culd cme. (We knw they are nt cming.我知道他们不会来。)
2. if nly 与 I wish一样,也用于表示与事实相反的愿望,其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish后所接时态的情况相同:
If nly she had had mre curage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。
If nly I had listened t my parents! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。
If nly she wuld g with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!
★ if nly 通常独立使用,没有主句。
3. wuld rather后的句子用虚拟语气只分现在和过去
在wuld rather后的that从句中,句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气, 表示宁愿做什么,具体用法为:
(1)一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望
I’d rather yu went tmrrw (nw). 我宁愿你明天(现在)去。
(2)用过去完成时表过去的愿望
I’d rather yu hadn’t said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。
4. as if (thugh)从句用虚拟语气
以as if (as thugh)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句,有时用虚拟语气,与wish用法相同。
He acts as if he knew me. 他显得认识我似的。
They treat me as thugh I were a stranger. 他们待我如陌生人。
He talks as if he had been abrad. 他说起话来好像曾经出过国。
★ 注意:(1)从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实,也可用陈述语气:
It lks as if we’ll be late. 我们似乎要迟到了。
(2)It isn’t as if... 的翻译:
It isn’t as if he were pr. 他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷)。
5. 从句中shuld+动词原形,shuld可省略
(1)在 lest, fr fear that( 以免), in case(以防)引导的目的状语从句中的虚拟语气。
She walked quietly lest she (shuld) wake up her rmmates.
她走得很轻以免吵醒她的室友。
(2)表应当做值得做一类动词后的宾语从句
建议advise, suggest, prpse, recmmend命令rder, cmmand
请求ask, demand, require, request指示direct
敦促urge提议mve, vte 希望desire
坚持insist 打算intend安排arrange
试比较下列句子:
I insisted that he (shuld) stay. 我坚持要他留下。
He urged that they g t Eurpe. 他敦促他们到欧洲去。
He suggested that we shuld leave early. 他建议我们早点动身。
He rdered that it (shuld) be sent back. 他命令把它送回去。
He requires that I (shuld) appear. 他要求我出场。
The general directed that the prisners shuld be set free.
将军指示释放那些俘虏。
*suggest表"暗示",insist表"坚持认为"不用虚拟语气。
比较:
He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。
He insisted that I shuld read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。
He suggested that we (shuld) stay fr dinner. 他建议我们留下吃饭。
I suggested that yu had a secret understanding with him. 我觉得你与他心照不宣。
(3)rder, suggestin, idea, plan, prpsal, advice, demand等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句。
Our suggestin is that yu(shuld)be the first t g.
我们的建议是你应该第一个去。
(4)advice, agreement, cmmand, decisin, decree, demand, determinatin, indicatin, insistence, rder, preference, prpsal, request, requirement, stipulatin, suggestin, idea, plan, rder
上述demand/suggest等动词过去分词 或imprtant,natural,strange,necessary,surprised,apprpriate等形容词后的主语从句。
It is rdered that the army (shuld) get there by 4 a.m. 军队必须在上午4点之前到达那里.
6. It’s time后的从句用虚拟语气:从句谓语通常用过去式表示 (早)该干某事了,有时也用过去进行时或"shuld+动词原形"(较少见,且shuld不能省略)。
It’s time I was in bed. 我该上床睡了。(不用were)
注意:It’s time = It is (the very/high/right/abut) time。
7. wish引导的虚拟语气
(1)表示与现在事实相反的愿望,构成:主语 + wish (that) +从句主语+动词过去式(be一律用were)。
I wish I knew everything in the wrld. 我希望我知道世界上的一切。
I wish that the experiment were a success. 我希望实验是成功的。
(2)表示与过去事实相反的愿望,构成:主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + wuld/culd + have + 过去分词或had + 过去分词。
I wish that yu had called yesterday. 我希望你昨天打来电话。
I didn’t g t the party, but I d wish I had been there.
我没有去参加聚会,但我真希望我去过那儿。
(3)表示将来不大可能实现的愿望,构成:主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + wuld/shuld/culd/might + 原形动词。
I wish that he culd try again. 我希望他能再试一次。
I wish that smeday I shuld live n the mn.
我希望有一天我能在月球上生活。
高考真题真感悟
= 1 \* ROMAN I. 单项填空
1.(2020.天津卷一.单项填空)Yu ____________ have sclded him fr his pr perfrmance. After all, he had dne his best.
A. mustB. shuldC. mustn’tD. shuldn't
2.(2020.新课标Ⅰ.短文改错) I thught it must t be easy t ck.
3.(2019·天津卷)The wrkers were nt better rganized, therwise they ____________ the task in half the time.
A. accmplishedB. had accmplished
C. wuld accmplishD. wuld have accmplished
4.(2018·天津卷)I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm nt sure.
A. shuld leave B. must have left
C. might leave D. culd have left
5.(2018·天津)If we ___________the flight yesterday, we wuld be enjying ur hliday n the beach
A. had caught B. caught
C. have caught D. wuld catch
6.(2018·江苏)It’s strange that he _______ have taken the bks withut the wner’s permissin.
A. wuld B. shuld
C. culd D. might
7. The law is equally applied t everyne. N ne _______ be abve it.
A. shallB. must
C. mayD. need
8. —I spend tw weeks in Beijing last year.
—Then yu must have visited the Great Wall during yur stay, ________ yu?
A. mustn’tB. didn’t
C. haven’tD. hadn’t
9. The bus wuld nt have run int the river ________ fr the bad tempered lady.
A. if it were ntB. had it nt been
C. if it wuld nt beD. shuld it nt be
10. If she ________ generus as she makes ut, she wuld have dnated mre mney in the catastrphe.
A. had beenB. were
C. wuld beD. was
11. —Where are yu ging t hang the picture?
—I haven’t decided yet. I ______________ hang it in the dining rm.
A. mightB. must C. needD. wuld
12. If yu were t have a few minutes free, I ______________ the pprtunity t ask yu ne mre questin.
A. wuld appreciateB. wuld have appreciated
C. were t appreciateD. had appreciate d
13. We ______________ be careful with the wrds we say when we are angry.
A. mayB. can C. mightD. shuld
14. After making the speech, he went thrugh it in his mind t reflect where he ______________ better.
A. culd dB. wuld d
C. culd have dneD. wuld have dne
15. One f ur rules is that every student ______________ wear schl unifrm while at schl.
A. mightB. culdC. shallD. will
16. Obviusly, a gd habit ______________ help us t speed up t reach ur destinatins.
A. needB. mustC. canD. shall
17. —Can’t yu drive a little faster?
—N. If I ______________ anther speeding ticket, my dad wuld take away my car.
A. wuld getB. wuld have gtC. had gtD. gt
18. —What if I had parked my car here just nw?
—What luck! Yu ______________.
A. wuld have been fined B. shuld be fined
C. wuld be fined D. must have been fined
19. Yu ______________ wrry abut me. I’ve decided t jin a lcal health club.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. daren’t
20. The first thing yu must remember is that in rder t succeed, it is almst cmpulsry that yu ______________ ptimistic.
A. be B. are C. must be D. have been
= 2 \* ROMAN II. 单句语法填空
1. —Can’t yu stay a little lnger?
—It’s getting late. I really ______________ g nw. My daughter is hme alne.
2. Yu ______________ feel all the training a waste f time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later yu’ll be grateful yu did it.
3. Yu ______________ be careful with the camera. It csts!
4. It ______________ be the pstman at the dr. It’s nly six ’clck.
5. Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I ______________ (dance) as well as her.
6. It is lucky we bked a rm, r we ______________ (have) nwhere t stay nw.
7. —Did yu visit the famus cultural relics last mnth?
—N, we ______________ (visit) it, but we spent t much time shpping.
8. He walked in as if he ______________ (buy) the schl, and the wrd quickly gt arund that he was frm New Yrk City.
9. I recmmend that yu ______________ (try) Baihe.cm.
10. All the students ______________ put n masks befre ging t schl in case they are infected with flu virus.
学习心得
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情态动词+have dne
用法
must have dne
一定做过某事,其否定形式为can’t/culdn’t have dne
can/culd have dne
本来能够做某事但却未做
可能做过某事
can’t/culdn’t have dne
不可能做过某事
may/might have dne
或许/可能做过某事
shuld/ught t have dne
本该做但却未做,其否定形式表示本不该做但却做了
needn’t have dne
做了本没有必要做的事情
时态类型
主句谓语形式
条件句的谓语形式
例句
与现在事实相反
wuld / shuld / culd / might + 动词原形
动词过去式did
*be 多用were
If I were yu, I shuld study English.
I wuld certainly g if I had time.
与过去事实相反
wuld / shuld / culd / might + have dne
动词过去完成式
had dne
If yu had taken my advice, yu wuld nt have failed in the test.
If I had left a little earlier, I wuld have caught the train.
与将来事实相反
wuld / shuld / culd / might + 动词原形
动词过去式
If yu came tmrrw, we wuld have the meeting.
If it were t rain tmrrw, the meeting wuld be put ff.
shuld + 动词原形
were + t d
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