高考英语三轮冲刺纠错笔记专题13 完形填空（2份打包，解析版+原卷版）

这是一份高考英语三轮冲刺纠错笔记专题13 完形填空（2份打包，解析版+原卷版），文件包含高考英语三轮冲刺纠错笔记专题13完形填空解析版doc、高考英语三轮冲刺纠错笔记专题13完形填空原卷版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共81页， 欢迎下载使用。


专题13 完形填空
技巧1 熟词生义

1.He looked surprised, but got right to work, trying to find the _________ tire. 
A. spare  B. free  C. full   D. empty 

【错因分析】spare熟义是“抽出时间”。
【试题解析】在这篇文章中，spare意为“备用的”。
【参考答案】 A

2. Not too long ago, an incident that happened at Walt Disney touched me greatly. A guest told the front-desk clerk
she had had a wonderful vacation, but was heartbroken about losing several rolls of Kodak color film she had not
yet _________.
A. developed  B. taken  C. washed   D. loaded 

【错因分析】develop熟义是“发展”。
【试题解析】film在此意为“胶片”，故选A，develop意为“冲印”。
【参考答案】A


所谓“熟词生义”就是指有些词尽管我们认识，但出现在完形填空或者阅读理解中如果运用常见的含义来理解的话，会导致理解错误、文不对题、不知所云，这时我们就要换个角度运用这个词的特殊含义来理解。平时要注意这些“熟词生义”的练习、巩固、背诵。

Just the other day, a fierce storm hit our community. I looked out the window and witnessed a tree being ________ by the fierce winds.
A. crushed B. abused C. broken D. removed 
【解析】abuse的熟义“谩骂，虐待”，但在文中是“摧残，蹂躏”。
【答案】 B
技巧2 还原语境

A Heroic Driver
Larry works with Transport Drivers, Inc. One morning in 2009, Larry was 　41　along 165 north after delivering to one of his customers.
41. A. walking B. touring C. traveling D. rushing

【错因分析】 考生容易忽视语境关系盲目选择自认为正确的某个选项。
【试题解析】 根据Larry的工作性质和下文的deliver可知他送完货后应该是开着车沿着公路行驶。故用travel表示“（以某速度、朝某方向或在某距离内）行进”，而walk“步行”，rush“快速运输，速送”，tour“观光旅行”，在此均不符合语境。
【参考答案】 C

巧用语境推测法
近几年高考英语完形填空题的最大特点是重点考查语境理解。所谓语境，就是指文章上下文之间的联系，它包括文章语气的一致性、意思的连贯性、表述的合理性、论证的逻辑性等。正因为完形填空题主要考查考生对语境的理解能力，所以空格的前后多有暗示（后文暗示前文的居多）。考生在做题时，一定要从整体上把握文章的内容，弄清文章的结构和文章的内在逻辑关系，结合语境辨析所给选项，从中选出最符合语境的选项。

During my fourth-grade Christmas break, we flew to Rio to visit her. Looking at her large 　 　apartment, I became aware of how lonely my mother must have been in Brazil herself. It was then that I started to appreciate the tough choices she had to make on balancing family and work. 
A. comfortable B. expensive C. empty D. modern

【解析】很多考生由于忽略了上下文的语境而误选A、D项。 由下文的 “how lonely my mother must have been”可知，作者看到的是母亲住在空旷的公寓中。
【答案】C
【名师点睛】
完形填空中，若每题单独考虑，四个选项几乎均可成立，但完形填空考查的是在具体语境中对上下段、上下句乃至全文的整体理解和运用。考生往往只见树木不见森林，忽略对上下文的全面考虑而草率误选某一选项。
完形填空所选文章是一个完整的语篇，因此考生在做题时必须结合上下文语境进行综合考虑。考生在平时做题时应该把握好文章的主线和上下文的内在联系。
技巧3 瞻前顾后

It had been a year since Susan became blind. As the result of an accident she was suddenly thrown into a world of darkness. Susan’s husband Mark watched her sink into hopelessness and he was determined to use every possible means to help his wife.
Susan felt ready to return to her job, but how would she get there? She used to take the bus, but she now too frightend to get around the city by herself. Mark volunteered to ride the bus with Susan each morning and evening untill she could make it herself.
For two weeks, Mark accompanied Susan to and from work each day. He taught her how to rely on her other , specially her hearing to determine where she was and how to adapt to her new environment.
A. feelings B. organs C. skills D. senses
【错因分析】做此题时，考生很容易忽视前文的特定语境而误选。
【试题解析】本文讲述的是Susan丧失了视力，即成了一个盲人，因此她丈夫教她依靠别的“感官”，尤其是听觉来判断事情。
【参考答案】D


在解答这类完形填空时，考生要善于利用背景知识，也就是说利用文章所提供的上下文语境来解题。本文是围绕一个盲人来写的，这就是一个特定的背景。

After ______ the British flag at the Pole, they took a photograph of themselves before they started the 950-mile journey back.
A. growing B. putting C. planting D. laying
【解析】根据常识，南极地区冰雪覆盖，须费好大的劲将旗插进极地，plant在这里的意思是“安插”“插牢”。
【答案】C
技巧4 上下联系

1. That holiday morning I didn’t have to attend school. Usually, on holidays, Mother allows me to sleep in. And I
would certainly take full advantage of it. On this particular morning, _________, I felt like getting us early.
A. otherwise B. therefore C. however D. besides

【错因分析】 考生可能会因弄不清空格所在处上下文的关系而误选。
【试题解析】 该题后面的“getting us early”和前面的“sleep in”在行文上形成了对比，前后文之间为转折关系，故用however。
【参考答案】 C

2. …My brother fans his friends were all fans…they all bought tickets for the performance. However, at the last minute, one of the friends couldn’t go, so my brother ________ me the ticket. I was really excited!
A. booked B. offered C. returned D. found
【错因分析】 so 表示前后两部分存在因果关系，如果不注意这点就容易出现错误。
【试题解析】 前面讲到哥哥和他的朋友买了音乐会的票，准备去听音乐会，但最后时刻其中一个朋友去不了了，故可判断出哥哥把朋友的那张票给了我。offer“提供，供应”，符合语境。
【参考答案】B

考生在做这类题目时一定要很好的把握上下文的逻辑关系，掌握常见的几种表示转折、让步、条件、因果、并列等逻辑关系的词，再根据上下文语境判断出最佳答案。

1. Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements—usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
and ________ nitrogen. They are different in that their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin
performs one or more specific functions in the body.
A. mostly B. partly C. sometimes D. rarely
【解析】短文中的usually和and是本题逻辑推理的线索。And前后构成了并列关系，即and前的 usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen 这些维生素成分和and 后面的 nitrogen 成分形成并列关系，相应修饰 carbon, hydrogen, oxygen 的usually必然和修饰 nitrogen 的45空的词构成一一对应的逻辑关系。鉴于此，在空格处考虑填入的应是和usually相对应的频度副词，而语义与usually略有不同。mostly 和partly都表示了部分、量的含义，与频度无关。rarely(很少地，罕有地)虽表示了频度关系，但其意义与usually相反，不符合一一对应的一致性，因此排除。只有C项sometimes(不时，有时)恰到好处地表示了and前后两部分的逻辑对应。
【答案】C
2. Not everyone sees that process in perspective. It is important to do so.
It is generally recognized, _____, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, although its impact in the media was not immediately apparent.
A. indeed B. hence C. however D. therefore
【解析】这里有两种情况，第一可能是第二段前后的逻辑体现；第二就是段落的前后衔接。但是，这个题出现在第二段的第一句 ，那么，从完形填空注重逻辑关系的命题思路来看，我们优先考虑第二种情况。前段末句意为“不是每个人都能够正确看待这个进程”。而第二段首句为“大家普遍认为”，显然这两者之间存在了逻辑意义上的相反，此处可能体现了一种转折关系。
【答案】C
技巧5 前挂后连
One afternoon, my son Adam asked me, “Are all people the same even if they are different in color?”
I thought for a minute, and then I said, “I’ll explain, if you can just wait until we make a quick stop at the grocery store. I have something 1 to show you. ”
At grocery store, we bought some apples —red, green and yellow ones. Back home, I told Adam, “It’s time to answer your question.” I put one apple of each 26 on the table. Then I looked at Adam, who had a 2 look on his face.
1. A. expressive B. encouraging
C. informative D. interesting
2. A. worried B. satisfied
C. proud D. curious
【错因分析】做第1题时，考生容易脱离作者所要表达的思想情感而主观臆断，认为所展示之物一般都是富有表现力的，从而误选expressive。informative也有很强的干扰性，由于此词比较生僻，往往让有些考生举棋不定，最终误选此项；做第2题时，由于作者即将回答孩子先前提出的问题，而此时考生已经明白作者想利用苹果加以阐释，并认为这是一个绝妙的想法，因而考生主观地认为孩子对这种方式感到非常“满意”，从而误选satisfied。
【试题解析】根据下文作者回答问题的方法以及孩子的反应可知，作者有一些有趣的东西要展示给孩子。其实，孩子当时并不理解作者这样做的目的，所以很好奇。
【参考答案】1. D 2. D

阅读过程中，考生有事需要把握文章的语篇情感，尽量与作者的思想产生共鸣，正确理解作者所要表达的思想情感或内心感受。

I was so surprised that I was speechless. My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape. As a result, at the point in our game when I’d have predicted the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor, it was ______7 to 9 and Ed was leading.
【解析】surprised 一词道出了情况的转折，我们可以看到这时作者用词的转变。made an effort，get into shape 等这些褒义词的使用对这些空的选择起到了很好的引导作用。speechless, instead 都是由惊讶得出的。
【答案】instead
技巧6 习惯搭配
They told her to stay _________ until the emergency personnel arrived, but she thought the car was going to explode…she should not move…
A. quiet B. still C. away D. calm
【错因分析】容易犯忽视习惯搭配型错误。本题考生不知道stay till为固定搭配以及其意思，盲目认为still只是用作副词，意为“仍然”。
【试题解析】根据下文的“she should not move”可知，此处表示他们告诉她要保持不动的状态，直到救护人员到达。quiet安静的；still静止的；away不在，离开；calm沉着的。
【参考答案】B

Deeply touched by the boy’s words, Moody decided to create a foundation (基金会)that introduces teenagers to the basics of fishing in camping programs. “As a policeman, I saw 1 there was violence, drugs were always behind it. They have a damaging 2 on the kids，” says Moody.
1. A. where B. unless C. as D. whether
2. A. impression B. burden C. decision D impact
【解析】“凡是有暴力的地方，往往背后有毒品“，所以第 1空处缺少一个地点状语的引导词，即where；该句承接上文，意为“毒品对孩子们的危害影响极大”，短语have a damaging impact on sb.意为“对某人有很坏的影响”。
【答案】1. A 2. D

完形填空的解题技巧:
1. 重视首句，要有推断意识
完形填空一般不给出标题，但首句往往不设置空，通常是一个完整的句子，它是全文的关键句，也是主导句。考生要从这个窗口领悟文章的有用信息，根据有用信息推断文章的大意及主题，从此找到一个突破口展开思维，准确答题。
2. 通读全文，要有作者意识
完形填空不是单项选择，它必须建立在理解文章的基础上，因此要通读全文，从语篇的整体内容出发，根据具体语境，结合语言结构，全面考虑，把握文章的脉络，理解全文大意。在通读中，找出文章的主题，尤其是作者的观点，要有作者意识，与作者达成共鸣，把握全局，理清思路，抓住主线，按照作者的思路朝着正确的方向发展，根据特定情节，找到唯一正确的，合乎逻辑的答案。
3. 瞻前顾后，要有结构意识
做完形填空题时首先要做到＂瞻前顾后＂。完形填空题的选项一般从语法角度来看都可以选，但必须要根据文章前后的暗示词以及行文逻辑关系来选择。其次要注意词语用法上的细微差别，结合上下文辨析词汇的内涵、外延、褒贬以及修辞色彩。还要有结构意识，根据句子结构中所需的词汇做出恰当的选择。同时，也要注意一些惯用法，并结合英美生活常识等做出选择。
4. 反复推敲，要有纠错意识
填完所有空，还要复读一遍，从语法角度入手，仔细推敲时态、语态、语气、主谓一致、代词的格、Ⅰ非谓语动词的形式、形容词和副词以及名词的搭配，要有大胆的纠错意识。而且，还要克服定时思维，重视不同体裁的文章提供的任何细节，准确无误地做好完形填空题。

高考完形大荟萃
题组一 2020年真题
Cloze 1（2020·新课标全国卷II）
It was just after sunrise on a June morning. “Nicolo,” whose real name cannot be 41 to the public because of Italy’s privacy laws, 42 working the whole night at a factory in Turin. As he often did, he stopped by the “after work auction(拍卖)” 43 by the Italian police where things 44 on the trains were sold to the highest bidder. There, among many other things, Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought would look 45 above his dining room table. Nicolo and another bidder 46 until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32.
When Nicolo retired and went to live in Sicily, he 47 the paintings with him. He hung them above the same table he had 48 from Turin. His son, age 15, who had 49 an art appreciation class, thought that there was something 50 about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair. It was signed(签名) “Bonnato” or so he thought, but when he 51 it, he only found “Bonnard,” a French 52 he had never heard of. He bought a book and was 53 to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same 54 as his father’s painting.
“That’s the garden in our picture,”Nicolo’s son told his father. They 55 learned that the painting they 56 was called “The Girl with Two Chairs.” They 57 the other painting and learned that it was 58 Paul Gauguin’s “Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog.” The 59 called the Italian Culture Ministry; the official confirmed that the paintings were 60 and worth as much as $50 million.
41. A. attached B. allocated C. exposed D. submitted
42. A. finished B. delayed C. considered D. tried
43. A. attended B. reserved C. canceled D. run
44. A. shown B. found C. kept D. hidden
45. A. nice B. familiar C. useful D. real
46. A. battled B. debated C. discussed D. bargain
47. A. held B. left C. registered D. brought
48. A. chosen B. received C. ordered D. moved
49. A. missed B. failed C. taken D. led
50. A. concrete B. unusual C. unappealing D. natural
51. A. appreciated B. touched C. researched D. witnessed
52. A. painter B. designer C. author D. actor
53. A. expected B. surprised C. anxious D. ready
54. A. room B. kitchen C. hall D. garden
55. A. apparently B. confidently C. eventually D. temporarily
56. A. owned B. borrowed C. sold D. stole
57. A. collected B. cleaned C. framed D. studied
58. A. suitably B. actually C. rightly D. specifically
59. A. girl B. artist C. family D. police
60. A. copies B. originals C. models D. presents
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个名叫Nicolo的人在拍卖会上以低价购得两幅画。后来他学艺术欣赏的儿子经过研究发现这两副画可能来自著名画家，他们打电话给意大利文化部，那儿的官员证实这两幅画都是画家的真迹，价值至少5000万美元。
41.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nicolo完成了一整夜在Turin一家工厂的工作，他的真实名字因意大利的隐私法不能暴露给公众。A. attached参加；B. allocated分配；C. exposed暴露；D. submitted上交。根据下文的because of Italy's privacy可知此处用be exposed to“暴露”符合语境，故选C项。
42.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nicolo完成了一整夜在Turin一家工厂的工作，他的真实名字因为意大利的隐私法不能暴露给警方。A. finished完成；B. delayed推迟；C. considered考虑；D. tried尝试。根据上文的It was just after sunrise on a June morning可推测Nicolo刚在工厂里上完了夜班，即完成了一整夜的工作，故选A项。
43.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：像往常一样，他顺便去了“下班后拍卖”，这个拍卖会是由意大利警方进行的，在火车上发现的东西卖给出价最高的竞标人。A. attended参加；B. reserved保护；C. cancelled取消；D. run进行。结合常识可知，拍卖会上需要有警察来维持秩序，进行拍卖，故选D项。
44.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：像往常一样，他顺便去了“下班后拍卖”，这个拍卖会是由意大利警察管理的，在火车上发现的东西卖给出价最高的竞标人。A. shown展示；B. found发现；C. kept保存；D. hidden隐藏。根据句意可知，此处是指拍卖的东西都是从一列火车上发现的，故选B项。
45.
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那里，很多其它东西中，Nicolo看到了两幅画，他觉得它们看起来挂在自己的餐桌上方会很漂亮。A. nice漂亮的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. useful有用的； D. real真的。根据下文的Nicolo and another bidder 46 until Nicolo finally won the paintings for 32$可推测Nicolo认为这两幅画挂在自己的餐桌前会很漂亮，所以才会出高价买，故选A项。
46.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nicolo和另外一个竞标人竞争，直到Nicolo最终以32美元的价格赢得了这两幅画。A. battled竞争；B. debated辩论；C. discussed 讨论；D. bargained讨价还价。根据上文的were sold to the highest bidder可知此处用“竞争”符合语境，故选A项。
47.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Nicolo退休去Sicily居住时，他带上了这两幅画。A. held拿着；B. left离开，留下；C. registered注册；D. brought带来。根据下文的he hung them above the same table可知，Nicolo搬家时带上了这两幅画，故选D项。
48.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他把它们挂在同一张桌子的上面，这张桌子是他从Turin搬来的。A. chosen选择；B. received收到；C. ordered 命令；D. moved搬。根据上文的the same table可知，Nicolo搬家时也把桌子搬来了，故选D项。
49.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他15岁的儿子在上一门艺术欣赏课，他认为那幅有一个年轻女孩坐在花园椅子上的画是不寻常的。A. missed错过；B. failed失败；C. taken拿；D. led导致。根据句意可知，此处考查固定短语take classes“上课”，故选C项。
50.
考查形容词词义辨析，句意：句意：他15岁的儿子在上一门艺术欣赏课，他认为那副有一个年轻女孩坐在花园椅子上的画是不寻常的。A. concrete具体的；B. unusual不寻常的；C. unappealing不吸引人的；D. natural自然的。根据下文的it was signed ''Bonnato'' or he thought可知，儿子认为这幅画可能是一个著名画家的画，故觉得它有些不同寻常，故选B项。
51.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：画上署名Bonnato或者他认为是这样，但当他仔细研究它时，他只发现了“Bonnard”，一个他从未听说过的法国画家。A. appreciated欣赏；B. touched触摸；C. researched研究；D. witnessed目睹。根据下文的he only found ''Bonnard''可推测儿子仔细研究了画，故选C项。
52.
考查名词词义辨析。句意：画上署名Bonnato或者他认为是这样，但当他仔细研究它时，他只发现了Bonnard，一个他从未听说过的法国画家。A. painter画家；B. designer设计师；C. author 作家；D. actor演员。根据下文的a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard可知，此处用画家符合语境，故选A项。
53.
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他买了一本书，非常吃惊的发现里面有一幅艺术家Pierre Bonnard的画，他坐在和父亲画里面一样的花园里，一样的椅子上。A. expected意料的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. anxious焦虑的；D. ready准备好的。根据下文的sitting on the same chair in the same 54 as his father's painting可知此处用“吃惊的”符合语境，故选B项。
54.
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他买了一本书，非常吃惊的发现里面有一幅艺术家Pierre Bonnard的画，他坐在和父亲画里面一样的花园里，一样的椅子上。A. room房间；B. kitchen餐厅； C. hall 大厅；D. garden花园。根据上文的with a young girl sitting on a garden chair可知此处用“花园”符合语境，garden是原词复现，故选D项。
55.
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们最终知道他们拥有的这幅画叫做“有两把椅子的女孩”。A. apparently明显地；B. confidently自信地；C. eventually 最后；D. temporary暂时的。根据上文的he bought a book and was 53 to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same as his father's painting可知，此处是指经过一系列的对比和研究，他们终于从一本书上得知了其中一副画的名字，故选C项。
56.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们最终知道他们拥有的这幅画叫做“有两把椅子的女孩”。A. owned拥有；B. borrowed借；C. sold卖；D. stole偷。根据上文的Nicolo finally won the paintings for 32$可知，这幅画的所有权是Nicolo的，即他们拥有它，故选A项。
57.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们研究了另一幅画，发现它事实上是Paul Gauguin的《Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog》。A. collected收集；B. cleaned打扫；C. framed制定；D. studied研究。根据上文的but when he 51 it可知此处用“研究”符合语境，research和study是同义词复现，故选D项。
58.
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们研究了另一幅画，发现它事实上是Paul Gauguin的《Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog》。A. suitably适合地；B. actually事实上；C. rightly正确地；D. specifically具体地。根据句意可知，此处是指他们研究了另外一副画，事实证明也是一副著名画家的画，故选B项。
59.
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这家人给意大利文化部打电话，官员肯定这些画是原版，价值高达5000万美元。A. girl女孩；B. artist艺术家；C. family家庭；D. police警察。根据上下文可知，此处是指Nicolo一家为了鉴别画的真伪给意大利文化部打电话，故选C项。
60.
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这家人给意大利文化部打电话，官员肯定这些画是原版，价值高达5000万美元。A. copies复制品；B. originals原版；C. models 模型；D. presents礼物。根据下文的as much as $50 million可推测，这两幅画都是画家的原版，故选B项。
Cloze 2（2020·新课标全国卷III）
As a businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for whom you feel affection, 41 can also drive you mad. They’ll come rushing in, 42 their handbag’s been stolen. They’ll 43 that they left it in the changing room, create havoe (混乱) and then 44 it had been in their car all the time. They’ll have out half the 45 in the shop, and want the only style you don’t have left in a 46 colour. I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep 47 .
I remember the first really 48 customer we had at Covent Garden. She was 49 absolutely everything, nothing was right and I was rather 50 that she became a “regular”. After a while, she 51 for the way she behaved at the beginning. She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat 52 , and since she’d found it too much to cope with (应对), she’d taken it out on 53 people.
That taught me a valuable 54 and I pass it on to the people who 55 in the market. Don’t take it 56 . If a customer is rude or difficult, just think “Maybe she’s had a row with her husband. Maybe her child’s not 57 .” Always water it down and don’t let your ego (自我) get 58 . If you do, you won’t be able to 59 it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that 60 everyone’s day.
41. A. shopkeepers B. customers C. salespersons D. receptionists
42. A. saying B. pretending C. guessing D. replying
43. A. agree B. promise C. imagine D. swear
44. A. forget B. decide C. discover D. assume
45. A. foods B. catalogues C. belongings D. goods
46. A. particular B. different C. matching D. natural
47. A. fighting B. smiling C. waiting D. changing
48. A. generous B. polite C. careless D. difficult
49. A. curious about B. displeased with C. patient with D. uncertain about
50. A. relaxed B. delighted C. surprised D. embarrassed
51. A. searched B. argued C. prayed D. apologized
52. A. by chance B. by herself C. on purpose D. on duty
53. A. rude B. such C. other D. lonely
54. A. lesson B. trick C. skill D. trade
55. A. work B. shop C. meet D. quarrel
56. A. kindly B. secretly C. personally D. casually
57. A. ready B. away C. up D. well
58. A. out of sight B. in the way C. behind the scene D. above the law
59. A. stress B. expect C. handle D. blame
60. A. ruins B. makes C. starts D. saves

【解析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者是一位生意人，遇到过各种各样让人抓狂的顾客，而有一个难缠的顾客，一开始对每件事都不满意，结果居然成了常客。最后顾客告诉作者，是因为自己和丈夫分居了，于是把气撒到其他人身上，这让作者学到了宝贵的一课，那就是要学会淡化和难缠顾客之间的矛盾，不然当事情发展成不愉快的场面时，结果只会毁了每个人的一天。
41.
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但就像任何一个你喜欢的人一样，顾客也会让你抓狂。A. shopkeepers店主；B. customers顾客；C. salespersons售货员； D. receptionist接待员。根据上文I care deeply about my customers可知作者是生意人，因此此处指的是顾客让自己抓狂。故选B。
42.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会冲进来，说手提包被偷了。A. saying说；B. pretending假装；C. guessing猜测；D. replying回答。结合后文their handbag’s been stolen可知此处是指说的内容应用say。故选A。
43.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会发誓说他们把它忘在更衣室里了，搞得一团糟，然后发现它一直在他们的车里。A. agree同意；B. promise承诺；C. imagine想象；D. swear发誓。顾客冲进作者的店里，信誓旦旦地说自己的包是忘在了更衣室里。故选D。
44.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会发誓说他们把它忘在更衣室里了，搞得一团糟，然后发现它一直在他们的车里。A. forget忘记；B. decide决定；C. discover发现；D. assume假设。结合后文it had been in their car all the time可知顾客一开始说包忘在了更衣室，结果最后发现包一直在他们自己的车里。故选C。
45.
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们会试用商店里一半的商品，只想要一种你没有那种特别颜色的存货。A. foods食物；B. catalogues目录；C. belongings所有物；D. goods商品。结合后文in the shops可知此处指的是商店里的商品。其它选项不符合语境。故选D。
46.
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们会试用商店里一半的商品，只想要一种你没有那种特别颜色的存货。A. particular特别的；B. different不同的；C. matching相配的；D. natural自然的。结合上文the only style you don't have left in a可知顾客试了店里一半的商品，结果想要的只是那种有特别颜色（particular）没有存货的款式。其它选项带入不符合语境。故选A。
47.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道店员会有多沮丧，但我努力说服他们保持微笑。A. fighting打架；B. smiling微笑；C. waiting等待；D. changing改变。结合上文可知，一些顾客有一些很无厘头的要求和行为，面对这种情况，虽然店员会很沮丧，“但是”一词边是转折，与“沮丧”一词情感色彩相反，结合选项，B项“微笑”符合句意。故选B。
48.
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我还记得我们在Covent Garden遇到的第一个难缠的顾客。A. generous慷慨的；B. polite礼貌的；C. careless粗心的；D. difficult难缠的，困难的。结合后文nothing was right可知这位顾客对一切都不满，很难缠。故选D。
49.
考查动词短语辨析。句意：她对每件事都很不满意，没有什么是对的，令我相当惊讶的是，她居然成了“常客”。A. curious about好奇；B. displeased with对……不满意；C. patient with对……有耐心；D. uncertain about对……不能肯定。结合后文nothing was right可知这个顾客对一切都不满意。故选B。
50.
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她对每件事都很不满意，没有什么是对的，令我相当惊讶的是，她居然成了“常客”。A. relaxed放松的；B. delighted高兴的；C. surprised惊讶的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。结合上下文可知这位顾客对每件事都不满意，但是居然成了“常客”，这让作者感到很惊讶才对。故选C。
51.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不久，她为自己一开始的行为道歉。A. searched搜索；B. argued争论；C. prayed祈祷；D. apologized道歉。顾客一开始很难缠，对一切都不满，结果后来成了常客，她开始为自己一开始的行为道歉。apologize for“为某事道歉”。故选D。
52.
考查介词短语辨析。句意：她一周前和丈夫分居了，现在一个人住在一套公寓里，因为她觉得实在难以应付，就把气撒在别人身上。A. by chance偶然；B. by herself她独自地；C. on purpose故意地；D. on duty值班。结合上文She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat可知女顾客和丈夫分居了，因此现在是独自住在一套公寓里。故选B。
53.
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她一周前和丈夫分居了，现在一个人住在一套公寓里，因为她觉得实在难以应付，就把气撒在别人身上。A. rude粗鲁的；B. such这样的；C. other其他的；D. lonely寂寞的。结合上文since she'd found it too much to cope with, she'd taken it out on可知她难以应付这样压力，于是决定把气撒在其他人身上。other people“其他人”。故选C。
54.
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这给我上了宝贵的一课，我把它传授给了在市场上工作的人。A. lesson课程，教训；B. trick诡计；C. skill技能；D. trade贸易。结合后文作者的感悟，可知这件事让作者学到了宝贵的一课。故选A。
55.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这给我上了宝贵的一课，我把它传授给了在市场上工作的人。A. work工作；B. shop购物；C. meet会面；D. quarrel争吵。结合后文in the market可知是指在市场上工作的人。故选A。
56.
考查副词词义辨析。句意：别太在意。A. kindly亲切地；B. secretly秘密地；C. personally亲自地；D. casually随便地。结合后文作者指出不要让自我妨碍了你，要淡化这种情绪可知此处作者想说的是不要太在意这些事。短语take it personally“在意，把这些放在心上”。故选C。
57.
考查副词词义辨析。句意：也许她的孩子不太好。A. ready迅速地；B. away离开；C. up向上；D. well好地。根据上文Maybe she’s had a row with her husband可知此处列举的是顾客家中有不好的事情发生的情况。故选D。
58.
考查介词短语辨析。句意：一定要淡化它，不要让你的自我妨碍你。A. out of sight看不见；B. in the way妨碍，挡道；C. behind the scene幕后；D. above the law凌驾于法律之上。上文作者提到不要太在意这些顾客，要淡化这种不好的情绪，不要让自己的自我妨碍了自己。故选B。
59.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你这样做了，你将无法处理它，整个事情发展成一个不愉快的场面，毁了每个人的一天。A. stress强调；B. expect期待；C. handle处理；D. blame责备。结合本段内容主要是在说明如何处理粗鲁难缠的顾客的问题。故选C。
60.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你这样做了，你将无法处理它，整个事情发展成一个不愉快的场面，毁了每个人的一天。A. ruins毁灭；B. makes制作；C. starts开始；D. saves拯救。结合上文the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that可知一旦事情发展成不愉快的场面，那么最终只会毁了每一个人的一天。故选A。

Cloze 3（2020·江苏卷）

Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough. Success 36 fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the 37 in our lives.
When twelve-year-old John Wilson walked into his chemistry class on a rainy day in 1931, he had no 38 of knowing that his life was to change 39 . The class experiment that day was to 40 how heating a container of water would bring air bubbling (冒泡) to the surface. 41 , the container the teacher gave Wilson to heat 42 held something more volatile (易挥发的) than water. When Wilson heated it, the container 43 , leaving Wilson blinded in both eyes.
When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later, his parents 44 to find a way to deal with the catastrophe that had 45 their lives. But Wilson did not regard the accident as 46 . He learned braille (盲文) quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind. There, he not only did well as a student but also became a(n) 47 public speaker.
Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from 48 for lack of proper treatment. For him, it was one thing to 49 his own fate of being blind and quite another to allow something to continue 50 it could be fixed so easily. This moved him to action. And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the 51 Wilson made to preventing the 52 .
Wilson received several international 53 for his great contributions. He lost his sight but found a 54 . He proved that it’s not what happens to us that 55 our lives-it’s what we make of what happens.
36. A. depends B. holds C. keeps D. reflects
37. A. dilemmas B. accidents C. events D. steps
38. A. way B. hope C. plan D. measure
39. A. continually B. gradually C. gracefully D. completely
40. A. direct B. show C. advocate D. declare
41. A. Anyway B. Moreover C. Somehow D. Thus
42. A. mistakenly B. casually C. amazingly D. clumsily
43. A. erupted B. exploded C. emptied D. exposed
44. A. deserved B. attempted C. cared D. agreed
45. A. submitted to B. catered for C. impressed on D. happened to
46. A. fantastic B. extraordinary C. impressive D. catastrophic
47. A. accomplished B. crucial C. specific D. innocent
48. A. deafness B. depression C. blindness D. speechlessness
49. A. decide B. abandon C. control D. accept
50. A. until B. when C. unless D. before
51. A. opposition B. adjustments C. commitment D. limitations
52. A. preventable B. potential C. spreadable D. influential
53. A. scholarships B. rewards C. awards D. bonuses
54. A. fortune B. recipe C. dream D. vision
55. A. distinguishes B. determines C. claims D. limits
【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。因为一次意外，威尔逊失明了。但是，他并没有抱怨命运的不公，而是努力地学习，接受教育。他通过自己的努力帮助很多人恢复了视力，获得了很多国际大奖。他的例子告诉我们：成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中发生的事情的看法。
36.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。A. depends依靠；B. holds握，持有；C. keeps保持；D. reflects反映。结合空后的介词on可知，仅仅擅长某件事并有激情是不够的。成功从根本上“取决于”我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。depend on：取决于。故选A。
37.
考查名词词义辨析。句意：成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。A. dilemmas进退两难的处境；B. accidents意外事故；C. events事，事件；D. steps脚步，步骤。结合文章最后一句“He proved that it’s not what happens to us that 55 our lives-it’s what we make of what happens”可知，我们对所发生的事情的看法决定了我们的生活。空处对应what happens(发生的事)。故选C。
38.
考查名词词义辨析。句意：1931年的一个雨天，当12岁的约翰·威尔逊走进他的化学教室时，他根本不知道自己的生活将彻底改变。A. way方法，方式；B. hope希望；C. plan计划；D. measure措施。John Wilson“无法”预知将会发生的事情。故选A。
39.
考查副词词义辨析。句意：1931年的一个雨天，当12岁的约翰·威尔逊走进他的化学教室时，他根本不知道自己的生活将彻底改变。A. continually不断地；B. gradually逐渐地；C. gracefully优雅地；D. completely完全地。结合下文可知，一场意外导致他失明，这“完全”改变了他的生活。故选D。
40.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天的课堂实验是为了展示加热一个盛水的容器会如何使空气冒泡到表面。A. direct指导，引导；B. show展示；C. advocate提倡，倡导；D. declare宣布。那天的课堂实验的目的是“展示”加热一个盛水的容器会如何使空气冒泡到表面。故选B。
41.
考查副词词义辨析。句意：不知怎么的，老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的东西。A. Anyway无论如何，不管怎样；B. Moreover而且；C. Somehow不知怎么地；D. Thus因此。不知怎么的，老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的东西。故选C。
42.
考查副词词义辨析。句意：不知怎么的，老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的东西。A. mistakenly错误地；B. casually随意地；C. amazingly令人惊奇地；D. clumsily笨拙地。老师“误”在容器里装了更容易挥发的东西而没有装水，结果导致了爆炸的发生。故选A。
43.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当威尔逊把它加热时，容器爆炸了，导致威尔逊失明。A. erupted爆发，喷出；B. exploded爆炸；C. emptied腾空，掏空；D. exposed揭露，使暴露。因为容器内装的不是水，而是更容易挥发的物质，所以，当威尔逊把它加热时，容器“爆炸”了，导致Wilson失明。故选B。
44.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：两个月后，当威尔逊出院回家时，他的父母试图找到一种方法来应对发生在他们生活中的灾难。A. deserved值得，应得，应受；B. attempted视图，尝试；C. cared关心，在乎； D. agreed同意。孩子失明了，身为父母，他们当然要“试图”找到一种方法来应对发生在他们生活中的灾难。故选B。
45.
考查动词短语辨析。句意：两个月后，当威尔逊出院回家时，他的父母试图找到一种方法来应对发生在他们生活中的灾难。A. submitted to提交，服从……；B. catered for迎合；C. impressed on给……留下印象；D. happened to发生。这场事故“发生”在了威尔逊一家人的生活中。故选D。
46.
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但威尔逊并不认为这次事故是灾难性的。A. fantastic极好的；B. extraordinary不同寻常的；C. impressive给人深刻印象的；D. catastrophic灾难性的，毁灭性的。根据上文his parents 44 to find a way to deal with the catastrophe that had 45 their lives.以及结合生活常识，失明对于任何一个人来说都是一场灾难。根据but转折可知，威尔逊并没有将这场事故看作是“灾难性的”。故选D。
47.
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那里，他不仅是一名出色的学生，而且成为了一名出色的演说家。A. accomplished才华高的，有成就的；B. crucial至关重要的，关键性的；C. specific特定的，具体的；D. innocent无辜的，天真的。前一句提到威尔逊很快学会了盲文，并在伍斯特盲人学院继续接受教育。结合该句中的not only…but also…可以推知，他不仅是个好学生，而且是个非常好的公共演说家。选项中只有A选项表达此意。故选A。
48.
考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，他在非洲工作，那里的许多人因为缺乏适当的治疗而失明。A. deafness聋，听力不佳；B. depression沮丧；C. blindness瞎；D. speechlessness哑口无言。结合后文中的“And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the 51 Wilson made to preventing the 52 ”可知，很多人因为威尔逊的努力而复明。由此推知，在非洲，有很多人因为缺乏适当的治疗而“失明”。故选C。
49.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他来说，接受自己失明的命运是一回事，而在事情可以如此容易地解决的情况下，让事情继续下去则完全是另一回事。A. decide决定；B. abandon抛弃；C. control控制；D. accept接受。根据上文中的“But Wilson did not regard the accident as 46 . He learned braille(盲文)quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind. There, he not only did well as a student but also became a(n) 47 public speaker”可知，威尔逊失明之后，他没有抱怨命运的不公，反而努力进取，由此推知，他“接受”了自己失明的事实。故选D。
50.
考查连接词词义辨析。句意：对他来说，接受自己失明的命运是一回事，而在事情可以如此容易地解决的情况下，让事情继续下去则完全是另一回事。A. until直到；B. when在……情况下，当……时候；C. unless如果不；D. before在……之前。在很容易解决那么多人失明的情况下，让他们继续失明下去完全是另一回事。when表示“在……情况下”。故选B。
51.
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为威尔逊努力地去预防可预防的情况，在非洲和亚洲，数千万人都可以恢复视力了。A. opposition反对；B. adjustments调整，调节；C. commitment奉献，投入；D. limitations限制。根据前文中的“This moved him to action”可知，威尔逊行动起来，努力地去预防那些可以预防的情况。因为他的“奉献”，很多人恢复了视力。该空和53空后的great contributions呼应。故选C。
52.
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为威尔逊努力地去预防可预防的情况，在非洲和亚洲，数千万人都能够恢复视力了。A. preventable可预防的，可阻止的；B. potential潜在的，有潜力的；C. spreadable(黄油等)容易被涂开的；D. influential有影响力的。结合空前的prevent可知，威尔逊努力地去预防“可以预防的”情况。故选A。
53.
考查名词词义辨析。句意：威尔逊因其巨大的贡献获得了几个国际奖项。A. scholarships奖学金；B. rewards奖励，回报；C. awards奖，奖品；D. bonuses红利，津贴。因为他的巨大贡献，威尔逊获得了几个国际“大奖”。故选C。
54.
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他失明了，但找到了视野。A. fortune运气，财富；B. recipe食谱，秘诀；C. dream梦，梦想；D. vision视野。根据前文叙述可知，虽然威尔逊失明了，但是他却通过努力，帮助了很多人，为世界做出了巨大贡献。由此推知，他虽然看不见，但是他的“眼界”开阔，做到了很多人都做不到的事情。故选D。
55.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他证明了并不是发生在我们身上的事情决定了我们的生活，而是我们如何看待发生的事情。A. distinguishes区分，辨别；B. determines决定；C. claims宣称；D. limits限制。结合第一段中的“Success 36 fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the 37 in our lives”可知，成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中发生的事情的看法。即：并不是发生的事情“决定”我们的生活，而是我们对发生的事情的看法“决定”了我们的生活。故选B。






题组二 2019年真题
Cloze 1（2019·新课标全国卷II）
It’s about 250 miles from the hills of west-central lowa to Ehlers’ home in Minnesota. During the long trip home, following a weekend of hunting. Ehlers ___41___about the small dog he had seen ___42___ alongside the road. He had ___43___ to coax(哄)the dog to him but, frightened, it had ___44___.
Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that ___45___ dog. So, four days later, he called his friend Greg, and the two drove ___46___. After a long and careful ___47___. Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving ___48___ away. Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with ___49___. It just started licking(舔)Ehlers’ face.
A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one ___50___ as lost in the local paper. The ad had a ___51___ number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers ___52___ the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had ___53___ their dog.
Jeff had ___54___ in lowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie, but the gun shots had scared the dog off. Jeff searched ___55___ for Rosie in the next four days.
Ehlers returned to Minnesotan, and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan. “It’s good to know there’s still someone out there who ___56___ enough to go to that kind of ___57___,”says Lisa of Ehlers’ rescue ___58___.
I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as ___59___ to it as I am to my dogs,” says Ehlers. “If it had been my dog, I’d hope that somebody would be ___60___ to go that extra mile.”
41. A. read B. forgot C. thought D. heard
42. A. read B. trembling C. eating D. sleeping
43. A. tried B. agreed C. promised D. regretted
44. A. calmed down B. stood up C. rolled over D. run off
45. A. injured B. stolen C. lost D. rescued
46. A. home B. past C. back D. on
47. A. preparation B. explanation C. test D. search
48. A. cautiously B. casually C. skillfully D. angrily
49. A. surprise B. joy C. hesitation D. anxiety
50. A. predicted B. advertised C. believed D. recorded
51. A. house B. phone C. street D. car
52. A. called B. copied C. counted D. remembered
53. A. fed B. adopted C. found D. cured
54. A. hunted B. skied C. lived D. worked
55. A. on purpose B. on time C. in turn D. in vain
56. A. cares B. sees C. suffers D. learns
57. A. place B. trouble C. waste D. extreme
58. A. service B. plan C. effort D. team
59. A. equal B. allergic C. grateful D. close
60. A. suitable B. proud C. wise D. wiling
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Ehlers和他的朋友救助了一只丢失的小狗，最终帮它找到了主人。
41. C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文Ehlers和朋友一起去找那只狗可知，此处是指Ehlers一直在想关于那只狗的事，think about考虑。故选C。
42. B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文作者去哄小狗可知，这只狗是在路边发抖，trembling发抖。故选B。
43. A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文可知，他在尽力的哄那只狗，try to do sth尽力做某事。故选A。
44. D 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。他在尽力的哄那只狗，可是它很害怕，所以此处是指那只狗被吓跑了，run off“跑开”的意思。故选D。
45. C 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文可知，这只狗是别人丢失的，因此此处用lost“丢失”。故选C。
46. C 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，四天后，Ehlers给他的朋友Greg打电话，他们俩又驱车返回。 根据上文可知，此处是指他们又返回到之前见到那只走失的狗的地方，back向后，回原处。故选C。
47. D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据下文Greg在越过田野的地方看到了那只小狗可知，此处是指他们在仔细寻找小狗，search寻找。故选D。
48. A 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。根据文中提到的frightened, nervousness, fear等词并结合上文并根据下文Ehlers最终成功的安抚了它可知，小狗非常的谨慎小心，cautiously谨慎地，小心地。故选A。
49. B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据下文小狗开始舔Ehlers的脸可知，它不再害怕，而是很开心，joy开心。故选B。
50. B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当地的一个农民告诉他们，这听起来像是当地报纸上刊登的那只丢失的狗。根据本句的in the local paper及语境可知，此处是指在报纸上刊登的，advertise登广告。故选B。
51. B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据下文Ehlers给狗的主人打电话可知，此处是指广告上有电话号码，phone number电话号码。故选B。
52. A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据上下文语境可知，此处是指Ehlers给Jeff和Lisa（狗的主人）打了电话，call打电话。故选A。
53. C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据上下文语境可知，Ehlers给他们打电话是要告知他找到了他们的狗，find找到。故选C。
54. A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文狗听到枪声吓跑了可知，此处是指Jeff带着狗在打猎，hunt打猎。故选A。
55. D 【解析】考查介词短语辨析。根据上文Ehlers找到的Jeff的狗可知，Jeff在狗丢失后没有找到他的狗，in vain徒劳。故选D。
56. A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：很高兴知道还有那么一个人，他足够关心你，会去做这样麻烦的事。根据上文可知，此处是指Ehlers对狗足够关心，care关心。故选A。
57. B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据上文Ehlers开车把那只小狗Rosie送到100英里远的机场，把它航空托运到密歇根可知，这是件很麻烦的事情，trouble麻烦。故选B。
58. C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据上文可知，此处是指Lisa在评论Ehlers帮助他们找回狗付出的努力，effort努力。故选C。
59. D 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我想无论是谁丢了狗，可能就像我接近我的狗一样去接近它。根据下文Ehlers说的话可知，此处是指他对待那只狗就像对自己的狗一样，close to靠近。故选D。
60. D 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望有人愿意付出更多的努力。根据上文语境可知，此处是表达他希望面对这样的事情，大家能愿意去付出更多努力去帮忙，be willing to do乐意做某事。故选D。
Cloze 2（2019·新课标全国卷III）
The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March- ___41___ six months out of the year.
Of course, we ___42___ it when the sun is shining," says Karin Ro, who works for the town’s tourism office. “We see the sky is ___43___, but down in the valley it’s darker — it’s like on a ___44___ day.”
But that ___45___ when a system of high-tech ___46___ was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks(山峰)into the valley below. Wednesday, residents(居民)of Rjukan ___47___ their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to ___48___. The mirrors are controlled by a computer that ___49___ them to turn along with the sun throughout the ___50___ and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam(束)of light onto the town’s central ___51___, creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light ___52___, Rjukan residents gathered together.
“People have been ___53___ there and standing there and taking ___54___ of each other," Ro says. "The town square was totally ___55___. I think almost all the people in the town were there. "The 3,500 residents cannot all ___56___ the sunshine at the same time. ___57___, the new light feels like more than enough for the town’s ___58___ residents.
"It's not very ___59___,” she says, "but it is enough when we are ___60___.”
41. A. only B. obviously C. nearly D. precisely
42. A. fear B. believe C. hear D. notice
43. A. empty B. blue C. high D. wide
44. A. cloudy B. normal C. different D. warm
45. A. helped B. changed C. happened D. mattered
46. A. computers B. telescopes C. mirrors D. cameras
47. A. remembered B. forecasted C. received D. imagined
48. A. repair B. risk C. rest D. use
49. A. forbids B. directs C. predicts D. follows
50. A. day B. night C. month D. year
51. A. library B. hall C. square D. street
52. A. appeared B. returned C. faded D. stopped
53. A. driving B. hiding C. camping D. siting
54. A. pictures B. notes C. care D. hold
55. A. new B. full C. flat D. silent
56. A. block B. avoid C. enjoy D. store
57. A. Instead B. However C. Gradually D. Similarly
58. A. nature-loving B. energy-saving C. weather-beaten D. sun-starved
59. A. big B. clear C. cold D. easy
60. A. trying B. waiting C. watching D. sharing
【语篇解读】本文属于记叙文，讲述北欧一个小镇长达半年没有阳光照射，为此在附近的山顶安装了一套镜子设备把阳光反射到小镇的广场。每当光线照射的时候，人们就聚集在广场上，为寒冷的冬季增添一丝明亮。
41. C 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A. only仅仅；B. obviously 显然地；C. nearly几乎；D. precisely准确的。根据前文from late September to mid-March可知，从九月底到三月中旬，差不多半年，故选C。
42. D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. fear害怕；B. believe相信；C. hear听见；D. notice注意。根据后文We see the sky is 43 , but down in the valley it's darker可知，我们看到天空是蓝色，但是到山谷的时候，就会变得更暗了，故可知，太阳照耀的时候，我们观察得到，故选D。
43. B 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. empty空的；B. blue蓝色的；C. high搞得；D. wide宽的。根据常识可知，有太阳的时候，天空是蓝色的，故选B。
44. A 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. cloudy多云的；B. normal正常的；C. different不同的；D. warm温暖的。根据前文down in the valley it's darker可知，到山谷的时候，天变暗了，像阴天一样，故选A。
45. B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. helped帮助；B. changed改变；C. happened发生；D. mattered关系重大。根据后文可知，该镇引入一套阳光反射镜来改变这种情况，故选B。
46. C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. computers电脑；B. telescopes望远镜；C. mirrors镜子；D. cameras相机。根据后文to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks可知，从附近的山顶上反射太阳光，故可知，为一枚镜子，故选C。
47. C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. remembered记得；B. forecasted预报；C. received获得，收到；D. imagined想象。根据句意可知，该镇的居民获得了冬天里的第一缕阳光，故选C。
48. D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. repair修理；B. risk风险；C. rest 休息；D. use使用。根据前一句their very first ray of winter sunshine可知，获得了冬天的第一缕阳光，是由于反射板投入使用了，故选D。 put sth to use把某物投入使用。
49. B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些镜子由电脑控制，指导他们整天跟着太阳的位置移动而移动，在大风的天气就自动关闭。A. forbids禁止；B. directs指导，导演；C. predicts预测；D. follows跟随，追随。本句描述这套系统的工作原理，电脑控制镜子的移动，故选B。
50. A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. day白天；B. night夜晚；C. month月；D. year年。根据文章可知，太阳光出现在白天，故选A。
51. C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. library图书馆；B. hall大厅；C. square广场；D. street街道。根据后文The town square可知，镜子反射聚集的光会照在小镇的中心广场上，故选C。
52. A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. appeared出现；B. returned归还；C. faded褪去；D. stopped停止。根据后文Rjukan residents gathered together可知，当光照出现的时候，居民出来，故选A。
53. D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. driving驾驶；B. hiding隐藏；C. camping露营；D. sitting坐。根据本句and standing there可知，光照出现的时候，人们会出来活动，坐在那里，站在那里，故选D。
54. A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. pictures照片，图片；B. notes笔记；C. care照顾；D. hold抓住。根据文章可知，会彼此拍照，故选A。
55. B 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. new新的；B. full满的；C. flat平坦的；D. silent沉默的。根据后文I think almost all the people in the town were there.可知，差不多全镇的人都在广场上，故可知广场全是人，故选B。
56. C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. block阻挡；B. avoid避免；C. enjoy喜欢，享受；D. store储存。根据句意可知，并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，故选C。
57. B 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A. Instead代替；B. However然而；C. Gradually逐渐地；D. Similarly相似地。前一句意思为并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，后一句，新的光线为小镇人们的意义不仅仅提供光线，故可知前后句属于转折关系，故选B。
58. D 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. nature-loving热爱自然的；B. energy-saving节能的；C. weather-beaten受风雨侵蚀的；D. sun-starved渴望阳光的。根据前文可知，小镇差不多半年没有阳光，故可知小镇人们渴望阳光，故选D。
59. A 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. big大的；B. clear清晰的；C. cold冷的；D. easy容易的。根据前文可知，镜子反射的光线有限，范围不够大，故选A。
60. D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. trying尝试；B. waiting等待；C. watching观看；D. sharing分享。根据句意可知，大家一起晒太阳就足够了，故选D。
Cloze 3（2019·北京卷）
Regardless of the weather or the distance, Paul Wilson will make sure low-income students in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes on time.
A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been ___11___ free rides to college students for the past eight years. Since he first started ___12___ his car to the young people. Wilson has ___13___ am astonishing 64, 000 miles, and has had countless pleasant and often humorous ___14___ with the students he transports to and from school. The students who he's ___15___ have gone on to become physicians, teachers and engineers, but what they've also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in Wilson. Some students ___16___ call him “Grandpa”.
Tina Stern ___17___ rides from Wilson for all her four years in college and the trips meant much more to her than just free ___18___. "It's not just a ride；you're not just sitting there in ___19___ silence or with your headphones on.” Stern said. “He asks you questions and actually ___20___ the answers, so the next time you ride with him, he'll ___21___ those things."
Wilson first worked as a driver through a student-support programme of the non-profit organisation. On Point for College. Although the ___22___ asks the members only to drive students to and from their classes, Wilson often goes ___23___ to ensure the welfare and safety of the students. If they have problems with registration.
Wilson is there to ___24___ them. If they run out of certain daily necessities. Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what's needed. If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school, Wilson never ___25___ to buy them a meal.
For many students, Wilson's help is not only appreciated, it's also entirely ___26___ for them to be able to complete their college education. Some students don't have a reliable car, while others have to ___27___ vehicles with parents who work six days a week. For them, riding with Wilson has ___28___ them to complete their education — but according to Wilson, he benefits just as much from the ___29___. “I just love driving and I love these kids, "Wilson said. "It's such a(n) ___30___ to be a part of these kids’ lives, even just for a few hours, getting to know them and hearing their stories."
11. A. linking B. sending C. offering D. distributing
12. A. donating B. lending C. delivering D. volunteering
13. A. paved B. covered C. measured D. wandered
14. A. arguments B. interviews C. negotiations D. wandered
15. A. met B. driven C. addressed D. conversations
16. A. even B. ever C. once D. already
17. A. earned B. received C. assessed D. demanded
18. A. transportation B. style C. time D. communication
19. A. forced B. awkward C. ridiculous D. suspicious
20. A. selects B. recites C. guesses D. remembers
21. A. act on B. settle on C. check on D. agree on
22. A. club B. league C. college D. programme
23. A. far B. around C. beyond D. forwards
24. A. assist B. watch C. urge D. warm
25. A. expects B. attempts C. manages D. hesitates
26. A. extra B. unusual C. necessary D. adequate
27. A. share B. fuel C. repair D. exchange
28. A. required B. allowed C. reminded D. convinced
29. A. experience B. arrangement C. appreciation D. employment
30. A. effort B. ambition C. privilege D. convenience
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了76岁的Paul Wilson八年来免费接送低收入的学生上学的感人事迹。
11. C 【解析】根据第一段可知，Paul Wilson确保低收入的学生按时到达学校。由此可以推知，该句应指：Wilson给那些学生提供免费的乘车服务。故C选项正确。
12. D 【解析】根据上文中的“free rides”可知，Wilson是主动自愿将自己的汽车提供给那些学生的。故D选项正确。
13. B 【解析】Wilson让那些学生免费搭车，迄今他已经行程64,000英里。表示“行走一段路程”，应用cover。B选项正确。
14.D 【解析】Wilson在接送学生们上下学的过程中，和学生之间肯定有“谈话，交谈”，故D选项正确。
15. B 【解析】根据上文可知，Wilson每天接送那些学生，这些学生现在已经成为了物理学家，教师，工程师等。该空应该对应上一句中的“he transports to and from school”，故B选项正确。drive意为“驾车送（人）”。
16. A 【解析】这些学生将Wilson当作他们的偶像和朋友，有的甚至称他为“爷爷”。该空表示递进，故A选项正确。
17. B 【解析】根据后面的介词from可以推知，Tina Stern从Wilson那儿获得免费的乘车机会。B选项正确。
18. A 【解析】对Tina Stern来说，这些行程不仅仅只是免费的运送而已。A选项正确。transportation意为“运送”。
19. B 【解析】Tina说：“那不仅仅是坐车而已。你并不只是坐在那儿，陷入令人尴尬的沉默中，也不是戴着耳麦坐在那儿。” 坐在车里，彼此不交谈，只是沉默，这当然是令人尴尬的。故B选项正确。
20. D 【解析】在坐车的时候，Wilson会问这些学生问题，然后记住答案。D选项正确。
21. C 【解析】在坐车的时候，Wilson会问这些学生问题，然后记住答案。下一次这些学生再坐车的时候，Wilson会检查上次提到的这些东西。该句指的是在乘车期间，Wilson会利用这个机会了解考查学生们的学习情况。故C选项正确。
22. D 【解析】根据上一句中的“programme”可知，D选项正确。Wilson最初通过一个非盈利组织On Point for College的一个项目作一名司机。该项目只要求它的成员们接送孩子们上下学。
23. C 【解析】结合下文中提到的“If they have problems with registration, Wilson is there to ____ them. If they run out of…If a student gets hungry…”可知，Wilson的所作所为超过了该项目的要求。故C选项正确。
24. A 【解析】如果孩子们在登记方面有问题，Wilson会去帮助他们（解决相关的问题）。A选项正确。
25. D 【解析】从上文举的例子可知，该部分都表达的是Wilson对孩子们的帮助。因此该处应指：当孩子们在上下学的途中饿了的时候，Wilson都会马上给他们去买吃的，从未犹豫过。D选项正确。
26. C 【解析】根据下文中“Some students don’t have a reliable car, while others….For them, riding with Wilson has ____ them to complete their education”可以推知，对于那些乘车有困难的学生来说，乘坐Wilson的车对于他们完成大学教育来说是必须的。C选项正确。
27. A 【解析】有的学生没法得到可靠的汽车，有的学生必须和他们一周工作六天的家长共用车辆。表示“共用”，需用share。A选项正确。
28. B 【解析】乘坐Wilson的汽车使得他们可以完成大学教育。表示“使得某人做某事，使某人能够做某事”应该用allow sb. to do sth.。故B选项正确。
29. A 【解析】Wilson认为自己从接送学生们上学的“经历”中受益颇多。A选项正确。
30. C 【解析】Wilson认为自己从接送学生们上学的“经历”中受益颇多。在这个过程中，他认识了这些学生，听到他们的故事，他认为这是自己的“荣幸”，故C选项正确：荣幸，荣耀。
题组三 2018年真题
Cloze 1（2018·新课标全国卷I）
During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41 the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn’t want to 42 a few dollars? More than that, I’d always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I weren’t 43 enough about free credits, news about our 44 was appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmaster, which 45 I would be learning from one of the game’s 46 . I could hardly wait to 47 him.
Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this 48 was no game for him； he meant business. In his introduction, he made it 49 that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to 50 the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future professions and, 52 , to our lives. I managed to get an A in that 53 and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54 .
Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I’m still putting to use what he 55 me: “The absolute most important 56 that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 57 . On every single move you have to 58 a situation, process what your opponent (对手) is doing and 59 the best move from among all your options.” These words still ring true today in my 60 as a journalist.
41. A. put forward B. jumped at C. tried out D. turned down
42. A. waste B. earn C. save D. pay
43. A. excited B. worried C. moved D. tired
44. A. title B. competitor C. textbook D. instructor
45. A. urged B. demanded C. held D. meant
46. A. fastest B. easiest C. best D. rarest
47. A. interview B. meet C. challenge D. beat
48. A. chance B. qualification C. honor D. job
49. A. real B. perfect C. clear D. possible
50. A. attend B. pass C. skip D. observe
51. A. add B. expose C. apply D. compare
52. A. eventually B. naturally C. directly D. normally
53. A. game B. presentation C. course D. experiment
54. A. criterion B. classroom C. department D. situation
55. A. taught B. wrote C. questioned D. promised
56. A. fact B. step C. manner D. skill
57. A. grades B. decisions C. impressions D. comments
58. A. analyze B. describe C. rebuild D. control
59. A. announce B. signal C. block D. evaluate
60. A. role B. desire C. concern D. behavior
【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章讲述了我在大二学的免费课程——下棋及它对我生活的指导意义。
41.B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。我在大二时，学校教育处提供一种名叫思维象棋的免费课程，这个课程3个学分。我急于接收这个课程，是因为我想节省点钱。put forward提出； jumped at急于接收；tried out尝试；turned down拒绝。故选B。
42.C 【解析】考查动词辨析。我在大二时，学校教育处提供一种名叫思维象棋的免费课程，这个课程3个学分。我急于接收这个课程，是因为我想节省点钱。waste浪费；earn赚钱； save节省；pay付钱。故选C。
43.A 【解析】考查形容词辨析。我总是想学象棋，即便是我对免费的学分不激动，单是我们导师的信息就足以吸引我。excited激动的；兴奋的；worried担心的；moved感动的；tired劳累的。故选A。
44.D 【解析】考查名词辨析。我总是想学象棋，即便是我对免费的学分不激动，单是我们导师的消息就足以吸引我。title头衔；题目； competitor竞赛者；textbook教科书； instructor导师。故选D。
45.D 【解析】考查动词辨析。这意味着我将师从这个游戏最好的大师之一。Urged督促 ；demanded要求； held握住； meant意味着。故选D。
46.C 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。这意味着我将师从这个游戏最好的大师之一。Fastest最快的；easiest最早的；best最好的；rarest最稀少的。故选C。
47.B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。我迫不及待地想见到他。Interview面试； meet见面； challenge挑战；beat击败。故选B。
48.D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。一位先前的毕业生回校教书，这项工作对他来说根本不是游戏。Chance机会；qualification合格；honor荣誉；job工作。故选D。
49.C 【解析】考查形容词辨析。在他的介绍中，他明确指出这些学分不容易得到。Real真实的；perfect完美的； clear清楚的； possible可能的。故选C。
50.B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。为了通过考试，我们必须写一篇关于把我们在课堂里学到的东西应用于未来的职业中。Attend参加；pass通过；skip跳跃；observe遵守。故选B。
51.C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。我们必须写一篇关于把我们在课堂里学到的知识应用于未来的职业中。apply把……运用于……
52.A 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。最终，把我们在课堂里学的知识应用到我们的生活中。eventually最终；naturally自然地； directly直接地；normally正常地。故选A。
53.C 【解析】考查名词辨析。我设法在这个课程中获得了个A。game游戏；presentation介绍；陈述；course课程；experiment实验。故选C。
54. B 【解析】考查名词辨析。我还学习了课堂之外对我很有用的生活课程。Criterion标准；classroom教室；department部门；系； situation情况。故选B。
55.A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。和Ashley学了象棋课程之后10年里，我仍在应用他教我的东西。Taught教；wrote写；questioned提问；promised承诺。故选A。
56.D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。你在学下棋的时候，学到的绝对重要的技能是如何做出好的决定。Fact事实；step步；manner方式；skill技能。故选D。
57.B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。你在学下棋的时候，学到的绝对重要的技能是如何做出好的决定。Grades等级；decisions决定；impressions印象；comments评论。故选B。
58.A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。每一步你都必须分析形势，审视对手要做什么。Analyze分析；describe描述；rebuild重建；control控制。故选A。
59.D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。从你所有的选择中，评估出最好的一步。Announce宣布；signal发信号；block阻塞；evaluate评估。故选D。
60.A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。现在这些话对我作为一名新闻记者的角色来说仍然是正确的。
Cloze 2（2018·新课标全国卷II）
Two weeks earlier, my son, Ben, had got in touch. He’d moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I’d 41 seen him. So imagine my 42 when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.
I was 43 ! I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to 44 . The bay was 45 in sunshine, and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore. Getting a little 46 , I realized one kayak（皮划艇） was in 47 . ＂Something’s not 48 !＂ I took off my T-shirt and 49 into the water. I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the middle. He was 50 violently. Linking arms with one of the instructors. I helped 51 the young man out of the water. He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something 52 to me. Those brown eyes were very 53 . ＂What’s his name?＂ I asked the instructor. ＂Ben,＂ he replied, and immediately I 54 . That stranger was my son!
The instructors called for an ambulance. 55 , after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to 56 and later the family met up for dinner. We chatted about everything and then Ben 57 to me. ＂I just want to say thank you,＂ he said. ＂You 58 my life!＂
I still can’t believe what a 59 it was. I’m just so glad I was there 60 to help my son.
41. A. also B. often C. even D. last
42. A. delight B. relief C. anger D. worry
43. A. scared B. shocked C. thrilled D. ashamed
44. A. talk B. stay C. meet D. settle
45. A. bathed B. clean C. deep D. formed
46. A. faster B. closer C. heavier D. wiser
47. A. trouble B. advance C. question D. battle
48. A. real B. right C. fair D. fit
49. A. stared B. sank C. dived D. fell
50. A. arguing B. fighting C. shouting D. shaking
51. A. lead B. persuade C. carry D. keep
52. A. happened B. occurred C. applied D. appealed
53. A. sharp B. pleasant C. attractive D. familiar
54. A. agreed B. hesitated C. doubted D. knew
55. A. Fortunately B. Frankly C. Sadly D. Suddenly
56. A. return B. relax C. speak D. leave
57. A. joked B. turned C. listened D. pointed
58. A. created B. honored C. saved D. guided
59. A. coincidence B. change C. pity D. pain
60. A. on board B. in time C. for sure D. on purpose
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者13年后和儿子见面的情景。在和儿子见面的地点，作者救了一个年轻人，没有想到的是，年轻人竟然是自己13年未见的儿子。
41.D 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。根据空前句中可知，儿子在三岁的时候离开，到现在已经13年了。由此可以暗示出是上一次见面。A. also也；B. often经常；C. even甚至；D. last上一次，故选D项切题。
42.A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据上下文可知，13年没有见到自己的儿子，突然收到儿子的电子邮件，并且说要来看自己。由此可以推知，我很快乐、开心。A. delight高兴，愉快；B. relief (痛苦、忧虑等的)解除，减轻；C. anger怒，忿怒；D. worry担心。故选A项切题。
43.C 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。根据第一段可知，作者13年没有见到自己的儿子，突然收到儿子要来拜访自己的电子邮件，肯定是欣喜若狂。A. scared惊恐的；B. shocked震惊的；C. thrilled欣喜若狂的；D. ashamed惭愧的。故选C项切题。
44.C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据空前可知，我很早就到了拜伦湾，我们应该在那里见面。A. talk谈话；B. stay停留；C. meet见面；D. settle解决。故选C项切题。
45.A 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。根据上下文可知，早晨海湾应该是沐浴在阳光里。A. bathed沐浴；B. clean清扫；C. deep深处；D. formed形成。故选A项切题。
46.B 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。根据常识和下文儿子出现意外情况可知，只有是离的比较近一点，才能意识到一只皮划艇出现意外。A. faster迅速的；B. closer靠近，逼近(其他船只等)；C. heavier重的，沉重的；D. wiser有智慧的；聪明的。故选B项切题。
47.A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据下文儿子出现意外情况可知，一只皮筏艇处于麻烦之中。A. trouble麻烦，困难；B. advance前进，进展；C. question问题，疑问；D. battle战斗，战役。故选A项切题。
48.B 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。根据上句皮划艇处于麻烦之中可知，某件事不正常。A. real真实的；B. right正确的，正常的；C. fair公平的；D. fit合适的。故选B项切题。
49.C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据上文皮划艇有麻烦和下文我去帮忙救人可知，我脱掉我的T恤衫，跳入水中。A. stared盯着看，目不转睛地看，凝视；B. sank下沉，沉没；C. dived潜水，跳水；D. fell打倒；击倒。故选C项切题。
50.D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据上文a man lying across the middle和下文He was unconscious可知，应该是剧烈的颤抖、摇动。A. arguing争论，辩论；B. fighting打架；C. shouting呼喊；D. shaking摇动。故选D项切题。
51.C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。我帮助把年轻人带出水面。A. lead领导，引导，带领；B. persuade说服，劝服；C. carry搬运，装运；D. keep保持；保存，保留；故选C项切题。
52.B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据句意可知，当我看着他的脸时，我想到了一些事情。occur跟to短语时，表示“想到”，而不是“发生”，happen后接不定式，是"碰巧"的意思。故选B项切题。
53.D 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文，“What’s his name?”可知，他棕色的眼睛对我来说是很熟悉的。A. sharp锐利的；锋利的；B. pleasant愉快的，快乐的，舒适的；C. attractive有吸引力的；引人注目的；D. familiar亲密的，熟悉的。故选D项切题。
54.D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“That stranger was my son”可知，我马上就知道。A. agreed同意，赞成，承认，答应；B. hesitated犹豫，踌躇；C. doubted怀疑；疑惑；D. knew知道，了解。故选D项切题。
55.A 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。根据空后句子可知，应该是幸运地。A. Fortunately幸运地，侥幸地；B. Frankly率直地，坦白地，真诚地；C. Sadly悲哀地，悲伤地；D. Suddenly突然地，忽然地；故选A项切题。
56.D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据空前was well enough可知，应该是被允许出院。A. return返回；报答；B. relax放松，休息；C. speak说；D. leave离开。故选D项切题。
57.B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“I just want to say thank you”可知，Ben转向我向我说谢谢。A. joked开玩笑；B. turned转向；C. listened听；D. pointed指出。故选B项切题。
58.C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“I helped carry the man out of the water”可知，应该是挽救了我的生命。A. created创造；创作；B. honored尊敬；尊重；给与荣誉；C. saved救，拯救；D. guided指导，指挥；故选C项切题。
59.A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。我没有想到这是多么巧合的一件事呀!A. coincidence巧合，巧事；B. change改变，变更，变换；C. pity怜悯，同情；D. pain疼痛；痛苦。故选A项切题。
60.B 【解析】考查介词词组词义辨析。我高兴的是我在那儿及时帮助了我的儿子。A. on board在船上；B. in time及时；C. for sure肯定；D. on purpose目的。故选B项切题。
题组四 2017年真题
Cloze 1（2017·全国新课标卷Ⅰ）
While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this 41 process and found something that has changed my 42 at college for the better: I discovered ASL — American Sign Language(美式手语).
I never felt an urge to 43 any sign language before. My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends. The 44 languages were enough in all my interactions(交往). Little did I know that I would discover my 45 for ASL.
The 46 began during my first week at college. I watched as the ASL Club 47 their translation of a song. Both the hand movements and the very 48 of communicating without speaking 49 me. What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the 50 . This newness just left me ___51___ more.
After that, feeling the need to 52 further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL club’s meetings. I only learned how to 53 the alphabet that day. Yet instead of being discouraged by my 54 progress, I was excited. I then made it a point to 55 those meetings and learn all I could.
The following term, I 56 an ASL class. The professor was deaf and any talking was 57 . I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant. 58 , if there had been any talking, it would have 59 us to learn less. Now, I appreciate the silence and the 60 way of communication it opens.
41. A. searching B. planning C. natural D. formal
42. A. progress B. experience C. major D. opinion
43. A. choose B. read C. learn D. create
44. A. official B. foreign C. body D. spoken
45. A. love B. concern C. goal D. request
46. A. meeting B. trip C. story D. task
47. A. recorded B. performed C. recited D. discussed
48. A. idea B. amount C. dream D. reason
49. A. disturbed B. supported C. embarrassed D. attracted
50. A. end B. past C. course D. distance
51. A. showing B. acting C. saying D. wanting
52. A. exercise B. explore C. express D. explain
53. A. print B. write C. sign D. count
54. A. slow B. steady C. normal D. obvious
55. A. chair B. sponsor C. attend D. organize
56. A. missed B. passed C. gave up D. registered for
57. A. prohibited B. welcomed C. ignored D. repeated
58. A. Lastly     B. Thus    C. Instead   D. However
59. A. required   B. caused    C. allowed   D. expected
60. A. easy    B. popular    C. quick     D. new
41. A 考查形容词辨析。searching寻找的，探索的；planning计划的；natural自然的；formal正式的。句 意：我自己经历了这个探索的过程。根据前文While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration可知大学为探索提供了舞台，所 以这里指的是作者＂探索＂的过程。故选A。
42. B 考查名词辨析。progress进步；experience经历；major主修课目；opinion观点。句意：我发现有 些东西改变了我的大学生活经历。故选B。
43. C 考查动词辨析。choose选择；read看，读；learn学习；create创造。句意：我以前从没有过学习手 语的冲动。故选C。
44. D 考查形容词辨析。official官方的；foreign外国的；body肢体的；spoken口语的。根据前文My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends.可知作者的家人及朋友都可以听得到，因此作者认为在平 时的交流中，口语就足够了。spoken language口语。故选D。
45. A 考查名词辨析。love热爱；concern关心，顾虑；goal目标；request请求。句意：我没想过我会发 现自己对美式手语的热爱。前文中I never felt an urge to 43 any sign language before表明 作者以前从未想过学习手语，而根据后文内容可知作者非常喜欢手语。故选A。
46. C 考查名词辨析。meeting会议；trip旅行；story故事；task任务。句意：故事发生在我上大学的第 一周分析语境可知在这里作者开始讲述在大学学习手语的事情，故选C。
47. B 考查动词辨析。record记录；perform表现，表演 ；recite背诵；discuss讨论。句意：我观看他们 在ASL俱乐部表演一首歌的翻译。分析语境可知ASL 俱乐部是手语俱乐部，应该是在用手语表 演一首歌。故选B。
48. A 考查名词辨析。idea想法；amount数量；dream梦想；reason原因。句意：手部的动作和不用语言 进行交流的想法吸引了我。分析语境可知作者当时在看手语表演，而手语就是为了帮助交流而设 计的手势。故选A。
49. D 考查动词辨析。disturb打扰；support支持；embarrass使……难堪；attract吸引。分析语境可知ASL 俱乐部的表演吸引了作者，否则作者也不会去学习手语。故选D。
50. B 考查名词辨析。end结束，末尾；past过去；course课程；distance距离。句意：我所看到的和我 在过去经历的事情完全不同。固定短语in the past在过去。故选B。
51. D 考查动词辨析。show展示；act行动；say说；want想要。句意：这种新奇的感觉使我想了解更多。 分析语境可知作者被手语吸引，想要进一步了解，所以也有了后文中的参加手语俱乐部的会议， 上手语课的经历。故选D。
52. B 考查动词辨析。exercise锻炼；explore探索；express表达；explain解释。句意：在那之后，我感 觉到想要探索更多关于手语的东西，我参加了ASL 俱乐部的一次会议。故选B。
53. C 考查动词辨析。print打印；write写；sign签名，打手语；count数。句意：那天我只学会了打字母 表的手语。分析语境可知作者第一次参加手语俱乐部的会议，学会的应该是最基本的打字母表的 手语。当然，打印字母表、在字母表上签名、数字母表和学习手语都没有联系。故选C。
54. A 考查形容词辨析。slow缓慢的；steady平稳的；normal正常的；obvious明显的。句意：我并没有 因为缓慢的进步而沮丧，相反我很兴奋。因为作者只学会了打字母表的手语，所以进步是很慢的。 故选A。
55. C 考查动词辨析。chair主持，使……入座；sponsor赞助；attend参加；organize组织。句意：我下 定决心参加俱乐部所有的会议去学习我能学习的一切。attend meeting参加会议。故选C。
56. D 考查动词辨析。miss错过，想念；pass通过；give up放弃；register for报名注册。句意：接下来 的一个学期，我报名上了一个手语班。故选D。
57. A 考查动词辨析。prohibit禁止；welcome欢迎；ignore忽视；repeat重复。句意：教授的耳朵听不见， 任何口语交流都是禁止的。根据后文if there had been any talking可知在课堂上没有口语交流。故选 A。
58. C 考查副词辨析。lastly最后，终于；thus因此，如此；instead反而；however然而。句意：反而， 如果当时有口语交流，那只会造成我们学的手语更少。根据前文I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant.可知作者很快意识到安静并不是令人不愉快的，反而有口语交流会影响手语的学习。 故选C。
59. B 考查动词辨析。require要求；cause造成；allow允许；expect期待。句意：如果当时有口语交流， 那只会造成我们学的手语更少。故选B。
60. D 考查形容词辨析。easy简单的；popular受欢迎的；quick快速的；new新的。句意：现在我很感激 当时的安静并且享受它带来的一种新的交流方式。分析语境可知手语对于作者来说是一种新的交 流方式，故选D。
Cloze 2（2017·新课标卷II）
In 1973, I was teaching elementary school. Each day, 27 kids 　41　"The Thinking Laboratory."That was the 　42　students voted for after deciding that "Room 104" was too 　43　.
Freddy was an average 　44　, but not an average person. He had the rare balance of fun and compassion(同情). He would 　45　the loudest over fun and be the saddest over anyone’s 　46　.
Before the school year 　47　, I gave the kids a special 　48　, T-shirts with the words "Verbs Are Your 　49　" on them. I had advised the kids that while verbs (动词)may seem dull, most of the 　50　things they do throughout their lives will be verbs.
Through the years, I’d run into former students who would provide 　51　on old classmates. I learned that Freddy did several jobs after his 　52　from high school and remained the same 　53　person I met forty years before. Once, while working overnight at a store, he let a homeless man 　54　in his truck. Another time, he 　55　a friend money to buy a house.
Just last year, I was 　56　a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door. A woman 　57　the interruption and handed me an envelope. I stopped teaching and 　58　it up. Inside were the "Verbs" shirt and a 　59　from Freddy’s mother. "Freddy passed away on Thanksgiving. He wanted you to have this."
I told the story to the class. As sad as it was, I couldn’t help smiling. Although Freddy was taken from us, we all 　60　something from Freddy.
41. A. built B. entered C. decorated D. ran
42. A.name B. rule C. brand D. plan
43. A. small B. dark C. strange D. dull
44. A. scholar B. student C. citizen D. worker
45. A. speak B. sing C. question D. laugh
46. A. misfortune B. disbelief C. dishonesty D. mistake
47. A. changed B. approached C. returned D. ended
48. A. lesson B. gift C. report D. message
49. A. Friends B. Awards C. Masters D. Tasks
50. A. simple B. unique C. fun D. clever
51. A. assessments B. comments C. instructions D. updates
52. A. graduation B. retirement C. separation D. resignation
53. A. daring B. modest C. caring D. smart
54. A. wait B. sleep C. study D. live
55. A. paid B. charged C. lent D. owed
56. A. observing B. preparing C. designing D. conducting
57. A. regretted B. avoided C. excused D. ignored
58. A. opened B. packed C. gave D. held
59. A. picture B. bill C. note D. diary
60. A. chose B. took C. expected D. borrowed
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己的学生Freddy的性格特征，以及多年后他的生活和工作状况，并说明了作者自己从他身上学到了一些东西。
41. B 【解析】考查动词。在1973年，作者正在教小学。每天27个小孩进入"思想实验室"。enter "进入"，符合语境。build "建造"；decorate "装饰"；run"管理，经营"。
42. A 【解析】考查名词。根据下文的"Room 104"可知，"The Thinking Laboratory"是学生们选举出来的名字。name" 名字"；rule"规则"；brand "品牌"；plan"计划"。故选A项。
43. D 【解析】考查形容词。Room 104这个名字被学生们选举换成The Thinking Laboratory，所以可判断出学生们认为Room 104这个名字太乏味了。dull "枯燥的，无趣的"，符合语境。故选D项。
44. B 【解析】考查名词。 根据上文中的"I was teaching elementary school"可知，作者正在教小学，故可推知Freddy 是一个普通的学生。故选B项。
45. D 【解析】考查动词。根据下文中的"the loudest over fun"可知，Freddy对有趣的事情会笑得最大声。故选D项。
46. A 【解析】考查名词。根据上文中的the saddest可知，Freddy对别人的不幸是感到最悲伤的。misfortune "不幸"；disbelief "不信，怀疑"；dishonesty"不诚实"；mistake"错误"。故选A项。
47. D 【解析】考查动词。 根据语境可知，此处表示在学年结束前。 end "结束"，符合语境。change "改变"；approach"靠近"；return"返回"。
48. B 【解析】考查名词。在学年结束前，给孩子们的应是礼物。故选B项。
49. A 【解析】考查名词。根据下文可知，作者认为尽管动词看起来是枯燥的，但是孩子们在一生中所做的大多数趣事就是动词。再结合选项可知，A项符合语境。
50. C 【解析】考查形容词。由while可知，空处与dull形成对比，故选C项。simple "简单的"；unique"独特的"；clever"聪明的"。
51. D 【解析】考查名词。根据语境可知，很多年来，作者偶然遇到以前的学生会给他提供一些他们老同学的最新消息，所以作者才了解到Freddy的一些情况。update "最新消息"，符合语境。assessment "评估，评价"；comment "评论"；instruction "指导，教导"。
52. A 【解析】考查名词。 根据空前的"did several jobs"可知，此处表示Freddy从高中毕业后。graduation "毕业"，符合语境，故选A项。retirement "退休"；separation "分离"；resignation "辞职"。
53. C 【解析】考查形容词。根据下文中的"he let a homeless man ... a friend money to buy a house"可知，他让一个无家可归的人睡在他的卡车里，还借给朋友钱去买房子，故可推知他仍然是作者四十年前遇到的那个乐于助人的人。caring"乐于助人的"，符合语境。故选C项。
54. B 【解析】考查动词。根据上文中的"while working overnight"可知，Freddy上夜班时，让一位无家可归的人在他的卡车里睡觉。故选B项。
55. C 【解析】考查动词。 因为Freddy是一位乐于助人的人，所以是借给朋友钱买房子。lend "借出"，符合语境。 pay "支付"；charge "(向……)收费"；owe"欠(钱)，负(债)"。
56. D 【解析】考查动词。 根据下文中的"I stopped teaching"可知，作者正在举办一个研习班，这时有人敲教室的门。conduct"实施，执行"，符合语境。故选D项。observe "观察"；prepare "准备"；design"设计"。
57. C 【解析】考查动词。根据下文中的"I stopped teaching"可知，作者当时正在上课，所以这位女士为打断作者讲课而请求原谅并递给作者一个信封。excuse "原谅(某人的小错)"，符合语境。regret"遗憾，后悔"；avoid"避免"；ignore"忽视"。
58. A 【解析】考查动词。 根据上文中的"handed me an envelope. I stopped teaching"可知，一位女士递给作者一个信封，作者停止了教学并打开它。故选A项。pack "打包，装箱"；give "交给"； hold"握住，抓住"。
59.C【解析】考查名词。根据下文中的"Freddy passed away on Thanksgiving..."可知，这个信封里装着一张Freddy的妈妈写的便条。故选C项。picture "图片"；bill"账单"；diary"日记"。
60. B 【解析】考查动词。 根据上文中的"Although Freddy was taken from us"可知，尽管Freddy从我们中被带走了，但是我们所有人都从Freddy那儿拿走了一些东西，即从Freddy的身上学到了一些东西。故选B项。
【名师点睛】
本篇完形填空很好地体现出重在考查语篇理解能力，且不在情节上、词汇考查大做文章的趋势。其中对于语篇的上下文复现考查非常之多。 语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。语篇中有词汇和结构同现的现象，如与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词汇同时出现，结构同现，同义同现，修饰同现，因果同现等。因此，利用上下文寻找解题信息，确定正确答案。如：
I learned that Freddy did several jobs after his 52 from high school and remained the same 53 person I met forty years before .
53.A.daring B.modest C.caring D.smart
【分析】同义词同现，根据第二段第二句“He had the rare balance of fun and compassion（同情）”，这里的compassion与选项中的caring虽然词性不同，但表达的是相同的意思，属于同义词同现。
经典演练
Cloze 1
When my dad finally finished the triathlon（铁人三项）in Montauk, the crowd cheered. It showed me how his hard work paid off and it 1 my curiosity. I wondered whether a small boy of my size could 2 something like that. I found myself 3 this out loud and my father overheard me. He 4 me and said I could train with him.
Training with my dad turned out to be very 5 .We would get up early for a morning jog, or go for a swim in the pool after school. After a few weeks of 6 , I signed up for my first triathlon. Before the competition, I nervously waited for the 7 .When someone fired the gun, I was 8 , swimming towards the distant buoy（浮标）that marked my tum. I 9 the half-mile swim and ran towards my bike. I was dripping wet, trying to 10 it. Once on my bike, I experienced an excitement specific to 11 . I went through the transition zone（转换区）again and 12 my running shoes. At the start of the run part of the triathlon, my 13 already felt like they were made of cement（水泥）.
For me, the real competition began during the run, 14 now I could see each competitor as a target. No matter my 15 in the field, each racer was either following me or being followed. The run part of the race boiled down to 16 tolerance. "Shut up, legs", one of my favorite quotes, kept me from 17 the burning feeling. Then I crossed the finish line. I took a breath and then began a(n) 18 with the other finishers. The sense of accomplishment was there for all of us.
Looking back, I 19 the small boy on that day in Montauk who thought he couldn't 20 it. Now, that same boy is not only a huge fan, but also a training partner.
1. A. showed B. excited C. tested D. controlled
2. A. preview B. deserve C. achieve D. benefit
3. A. saying B. taking C. trying D. giving
4. A. satisfied B. encouraged C. puzzled D. embarrassed
5. A. disappointing B. frightening C. relaxing D. challenging
6. A. performing B. fighting C. meeting D. training
7. A. result B. seat C. gun D. audience
8. A. up B. round C. off D. along
9. A. finished B. considered C. assessed D. arranged
10. A. point at B. get on C. get back D. find out
11. A. running B. traveling C. cycling D. swimming
12. A. took off B. switched to C. cleaned D. repaired
13. A. arms B. hands C. shoulders D. legs
14. A. because B. although C. until D. unless
15. A. status B. position C. task D. function
16. A. risk B. drug C. stress D. pain
17. A. showing off B. bringing in C. thinking about D. carrying out
18. A. experiment B. celebration C. argument D. cooperation
19. A. remember B. believe C. discover D. respect
20. A. use B. move C. do D. prove
【语篇解读】本文是夹叙夹议文。作者以自己参加铁人三项赛的经历说明：在比赛中，当你觉得自己筋疲力尽时，不要放弃，坚持下去，直到抵达终点。不管成绩或名次如何，你都会有一份属于自己的成就感。
1.B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据语境可知，当爸爸完成了在蒙托克的铁人三项赛时，观众欢呼雀跃的情景，让作者切实感受到爸爸付出的努力得到了回报，这也“激发了(excited)”作者的好奇心。A. showed表现；B. excited激发；C. tested测试；D. controlled控制，故选B。
2.C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据该空后的something like that可知，that指代上文爸爸的成就，所以作者想知道像他这样个头的小男孩是否能“取得(achieve)”爸爸那样的成绩。A. preview预习； B. deserve应得；C. achieve成绩；D. benefit好处，故选C。
3.A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据该空后的my father overheard me可知，作者把自己的想法“说了(saying) ”出来。A. saying说；B. taking谈话；C. trying尝试；D. giving给，故选A。
4.B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据该空后的I could train with him可知，爸爸“鼓励(encouraged)”作者去自我体验并和他一起训练。A. satisfied使满意； B. encouraged鼓励；C. puzzled迷惑 D. embarrassed使尴尬，故选 B。
5.D 【解析】考查形容词词义。根据下一句 We would get up early for a morning jog, or go for a swim in the pool after school.可知，结果证明，作者跟爸爸的训练“极富挑战性(challenging)”。 A. disappointing失望的；B. frightening令人恐惧的；C. relaxing令人放松的；D. challenging有挑战性的，故选 D。
6.D 【解析】考查动名词词义辨析。根据该空前的Training with my dad的提示可知，该空填training符合语境。A. performing表演；B. fighting战斗；C. meeting会议；D. training训练，故选D。
7.C 【解析】考查名词词义。根据该空后的When someone fired the gun可知，比赛开始时，作者紧张地等待着“发令枪(gun)”响。A. result结果；B. seat座位；C. gun枪；D. audience观众，故选C。
8.C 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。根据该空前后的 When someone fired the gun 以及 swimming towards the distant buoy 可知，发令枪一响，作者就“出发了(off)”。 A. up向上；B. round在周围 ；C. off出发；D. along沿着，故选C。
9.A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据该空前的swimming towards the distant buoy以及该空后的ran towards my bike可知，作者参加铁人三项赛，先参加游泳项目，“完成了(finished)”游泳项目，然后骑自行车。A. finished完成；B. considered考虑 ；C. assessed估价；D. arranged安排，故选A。
10.B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据该空前的ran towards my bike和该空后的Once on my bike可知，作者浑身湿淋淋的，努力“骑上(get on)”自行车。A. point at指着 ；B. get on上（车）； C. get back回来；D. find out发现，故选B。
11.C 【解析】考查动名词词义辨析。根据该空前的Once on my bike可知，作者骑上自行车后，就感到了“骑自行车(cycling)”所特有的一种兴奋。A. running跑；B. traveling旅行； C. cycling骑车； D. swimming游泳，故选C。
12.B 【解析】考查动词和动词短语辨析。根据该空后的the run part可知，作者“换上(switched to)”跑鞋，要参加跑步比赛。A. took off起飞；B. switched to换上；C. cleaned清洁；D. repaired修理，故选B。
13.D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据该空前的the run part可知，作者最后进行的是跑步比赛，那么在此时作者感到的应该是他的“双腿(legs)”就像水泥做得一般难以迈动。A. arms胳膊；B. hands 手；C. shoulders肩膀；D. legs腿，故选D。
14.A 【解析】考查连词及上下文逻辑。根据该空前的the real competition began during the run和该空后的target可知，“对于我来说，真正的比赛是从跑步阶段开始的”与“现在我将每一名选手视为要超越的目标”，这两个分句之间构成因果关系，故填because，故选A。
15.B 【解析】考查名词词义。根据该空后的each racer was either following me or being followed可知，在赛场上，不论作者身处哪个“位置(position)”，每个参赛者不是跟随作者就是被作者所跟随。A. status地位；B. position位置；C. task任务；D. function功能，故选B。
16.D 【解析】考查名词词义。根据语境，特别是下一空后的the burning feeling可知，铁人三项赛的跑步赛段归根到底就是忍耐“痛苦(pain)”。A. risk冒险；B. drug 药物；C. stress压力；D. pain痛苦，故选D。
17.C 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。作者在跑步阶段，靠自己钟爱的名言“闭嘴，迈腿”，让自己不去“想(thinking about)”身上那种火烧火燎的疼痛感。A. showing off炫耀；B. bringing in带来； C. thinking about考虑；D. carrying out实施，故选C。
18.B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据该空后的The sense of accomplishment可知，完成铁人三项赛后，作者与其他到达终点的选手们一起“庆祝(celebration)”，一起分享完成比赛的成就感。A. experiment试验；B. celebration庆祝；C. argument争论；D. cooperation合作，故选B。
19.A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。回望过去，作者“想起(remember)”当日在蒙托克的情景，那个小男孩觉得自己无法“做到(do)”像爸爸一样完成铁人三项赛。如今，还是这个男孩，他不但是铁人三项赛的铁杆粉丝，还是一位陪练。A. remember想起；B. believe相信；C. discover发现；D. respect尊敬，故选A。
20.C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。那个小男孩觉得自己无法“做到(do)”像爸爸一样完成铁人三项赛。 A. use用； B. move移动；C. do做；D. prove证明，故选C。
Cloze 2
This is really simple but I was caught off guard(措手不及). As my son and I were 　1　a restaurant today, I 　2　the door for several older couples going in and out. Just as I was about to let it go, I saw someone coming around the corner so I 　3　. She saw my little boy and told me to go first. I told her to 　4　because I wasn’t in any 　5　— we’re still technically on vacation.  　6　, we’d had our lunch.
I’ve held doors 　7　I was a kid because that’s what my mother 　8　me in and now I just do it out of 　9　. Maybe people will say thanks, but most of them 　10　blow past like the world 　11　them something or whatever excuse they make for ignoring that 　12　.
This girl, however, 　13　a big smile, saying "Thank you". It’s a tiny thing and she probably didn’t even 　14　its effect. But I could suppose she 　15　appreciated it. It wasn’t until she was in the 　16　and walking past that I found she was a beautiful girl, so I’m not the first person to open a door for her. I just got back from Florida, was dirty and 　17　and hadn’t even showered yet. I am 99% sure it had nothing to do with my 　18　. I can only assume she was actually 　19　.
Anyway, this probably wouldn’t mean anything to most people but I valued her sincere　20　.
1. A. passing B. leaving C. entering D. reaching
2. A. knocked at B. pushed aside C. held D. answered
3. A. waited B. approached C. quitted D. departed
4. A. back away B. come over C. hold on D. go ahead
5. A. question B. danger C. hurry D. difficulty
6. A. In other words B. As a result C. For example D. After all
7. A. since B. unless C. before D. when
8. A. convinced B. educated C. inspired D. invested
9. A. reputation B. interest C. curiosity D. respect
10. A. just B. also C. never D. again
11. A. guarantees B. promises C. affords D. owes
12. A. entrance B. tolerance C. gesture D. elegance
13. A. brought about B. set out C. took up D. put on
14. A. doubt B. realize C. comment D. acknowledge
15. A. authentically B. deliberately C. frequently D. gradually
16. A. crowd B. corner C. doorway D. suite
17. A. exhausted B. available C. untidy D. unprepared
18. A. status B. attraction C. garment D. dignity
19. A. merciful B. grateful C. considerate D. aggressive
20. A. appearance B. character C. appreciation D. commitment
【文章大意】自幼以来，作者一直会为别人礼貌地扶门以便其进出，但一个女孩的感谢却让作者感触颇深。
1.B 【解析】今天当作者和他的儿子要离开(leaving)一家饭馆的时候，他为几对年老的夫妇扶(held)着门以便他们进出。下文中的"we’d had our lunch"是关键提示。
2.C 【解析】参见上题解析。下文中的"I’ve held doors"是关键提示。answer the door意为"开门，应门"，不符合语境。
3.A 【解析】根据上文中的"Just as I was about to let it go， I saw someone coming around the corner "和下文的内容可知，正当作者准备松开门时，看到拐角处有人走过来，便继续扶着门等待(waited)。故A项符合语境。approach"接近，靠近"；depart"离开"。
4.D 【解析】根据上文中的"She saw my little boy and told me to go first. I told her to. . . on vacation"可知，作者在度假并且刚吃过午饭，因此不着急，所以他让这个女孩先走。go ahead"先走，先行"符合语境。back away"向后退"；come over"来访，拜访"；hold on "等一下，坚持下去"。
5.C 【解析】参见上题解析。not be in any hurry"不着急"为固定用法，符合语境。
6.D 【解析】根据上文作者为女孩扶着门让其先走的内容及下文中的"we’d had our lunch"可知，after all"毕竟，终究"符合语境。in other words"换句话说"；as a result"结果"；for example"比如，例如"。
7.A 【解析】根据语境可知，自幼以来，作者就为别人扶着门，因为这是作者的妈妈教导(educated)他的事情。since"自……之后，自……以来"在该句中引导时间状语从句。
8.B 【解析】参见上题解析。convince"说服，使确信"。inspire"激励，鼓舞"；invest"投资"。
9.D 【解析】现在作者做这件事是出于尊重(respect)。reputation"名誉，名声"；curiosity "好奇心"。
10.A 【解析】根据文中的"Maybe people will say thanks， but most of them 　　 blow past"可知，作者认为或许人们会对他表示感谢，但是大多数人只是(just)飞奔而过。
11.D 【解析】根据语境可知，大多数人面对作者的善举只是飞奔而过，就像世界欠(owes)了他们什么东西或者他们能为忽视这一举动做出任何辩解一样。guarantee"保证"；promise"保证，承诺"；afford"提供，买得起"。
12.C 【解析】参见上题解析。此处的"gesture"指作者为他人扶门的善举。entrance"入口"；tolerance"宽容"；elegance"优雅，高贵"。
13.B 【解析】根据下文中的"a big smile， saying ‘Thank you’"可知，此处指这个女孩面带微笑向作者致谢。put on a smile"面带笑容"为习惯用法，符合语境。bring about"导致，引起"；set out"动身踏上，着手进行"；take up"开始从事，占用(时间、空间或精力)"。
14.D 【解析】这是一件很小的事情，甚至她可能没意识到(realize)这件事情的影响。doubt"怀疑"；comment"评论"；acknowledge"承认"。
15.A 【解析】根据语境可知，但是作者可以推断这个女孩是真正地感谢自己的善举。authentically"真正地"符合语境。deliberately"故意地"；frequently"经常地，频繁地"；gradually"逐渐地"。
16.C 【解析】根据"It wasn’t until. . . walking past. . . a beautiful girl"可知，此处指直到这个女孩走到门口与作者擦身而过，作者才发现她很漂亮。doorway"门口，门道"符合语境。
17.C 【解析】根据上文中的"I just got back from Florida， was dirty and"和下文中的"hadn’t even showered yet"可知，作者刚从佛罗里达回来，不修边幅，甚至还未洗澡。故untidy"不整洁的"与上文中的"dirty"相呼应，符合语境。exhausted"筋疲力尽的"；available"可用的，可获得的"；unprepared"无准备的"。
18.B 【解析】根据语境可知，作者在此想要表达的是这个女孩向他表达谢意并不是因为他的个人魅力。故attraction"吸引，吸引力"符合语境。status"社会地位"；garment"衣服"；dignity"尊贵，体面"。
19.B 【解析】根据上文中的"appreciated"可知，作者推断这个女孩是真的心存感激。grateful"感激的"符合语境。merciful"宽大的，仁慈的"；considerate"体贴的，考虑周到的"；aggressive"有进取心的"。
20.C 【解析】无论怎样，这对大多数人来说可能没有意义，但作者却很看重她真诚的感谢。故appreciation"感激，感谢"符合语境。上文中的"appreciated"亦是关键提示。appearance "外观，外貌"；character"性格"；commitment"承诺，保证"。
Cloze 3
In a world where comparisons happen non-stop, it is difficult to look outside yourself and to ever be    　1　with who you are. There’s always someone who’s a bit    　2　. The only solution is to reach   　3　and measure against what Warren Buffett calls your own inner yardstick. There is no more 　　4　measure for comparison than who you were yesterday, last week or last decade, when you were at your    　5　.
Nothing useful ever comes from comparison to others.  　6　you see yourself as better than someone and you get  　7　, or you see someone else as better than you and you feel like all your hard work is for  　8　. It is a fool’s game. Not one of us is  　9　alike. The only direct and honest comparison is  　10　yourself. Everything else is apples to oranges.
My opinion is that you are only　11　to compare yourself to someone else if their life  　12　is the same as your own. Good luck finding that match. And one thing is for sure. No matter how hard you work and how  　13　you are, there will always be someone who can run a little faster, jump a little higher, score a little better or look a little nicer in a swimsuit. And if there’s not, you can  　14　someone is coming up fast behind you. So how can you always win in life? Become your best  　15　.
Having an image of your most recent past limits is the perfect thing to  16　you to the next level. If you ran 7 flights of stairs yesterday, then do 8 today. Who   　17　if the guy next to you did 15? It doesn’t make a bit of   　18　. You are a more fit person today than you were yesterday. Your own   　19　is all you need.
If you 　 20　to a slightly higher standard of yourself every day, you will always be at the top of your game.
1. A. patient B. strict C. content D. concerned
2. A. stronger B. wiser C. lazier D. better
3. A. out B. up C. inside D. outside
4. A. accurate B. careful C. useful D. powerful
5. A. end B. best C. side D. convenience
6. A. Whether B. If C. Once D. Either
7. A. lazy B. inspired C. busy D. satisfied
8. A. fun B. nothing C. sure D. success
9. A. really B. fully C. exactly D. actually
10. A.to B.by C. for D. within
11. A. allowed B. suggested C. instructed D. directed
12. A. position B. situation C. occasion D. accommodation
13. A. diligent B. dedicated C. optimistic D. addicted
14. A. declare B. conclude C. announce D. bet
15. A. assistant B. coach C. competitor D. teacher
16. A. lead B. push C. expose D. cause
17. A. wonders B. says C. cares D. asks
18. A. difference B. sense C. change D. effort
19. A. benefit B. result C. habit D. progress
20. A. commit B. devote C. tend D. contribute
【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。作者在文中论述了和别人比较没有意义。我们要和过去的自己比较，用自己的内在标准衡量自己。
1. C 考查形容词词义辨析。patient耐心的；strict严格的；content满意的；concerned担心的。由语境可 知，在这个充满对比的世界中，我们总是无法对自己满意。总是有人比我们好。故C选项正确。
2. D 考查形容词词义辨析。strong强壮的，结实的；wise英明的；lazy懒惰的；good好的。结合上题 解析可知，D选项正确。
3. C 考查副词。唯一的解决办法就是深入我们的内心，按照我们自己的内在标准来衡量自己。C 选项切题。
4. A 考查形容词词义辨析。accurate精确的；careful细心的，认真的；useful有用的；powerful强大的， 强有力的。除了和过去的你相比，没有更为精确的衡量标准了。故A选项正确。
5. B 考查名词词义辨析。end结束，尽头，末端；best最好的事物；side边；convenience方便。人们要 和自己过去比的话，应该是和过去最佳时期进行比较，故B选项正确。
6. D 考查连词词义辨析。whether是否；if如果，是否；once一旦；either或者，要么。either…or…意为＂ 要么…… 要么……＂。要么你看到自己比别人强的时候，你会变得懒惰，不思进取；要么你看到别人 比你好， 你感觉你的努力没有用。故D选项正确。
7. A 考查形容词词义辨析。lazy懒惰的；inspired受鼓舞的；busy忙碌的；satisfied满意的。结合上题 解析可知，A选项切题。
8. B 考查名词（代词）。fun乐趣；nothing什么也没有；sure确实的；success成功。for nothing意为＂ 免费的，徒然的＂。结合上题解析可知，B选项正确。
9. C 考查副词词义辨析。really真正地，真地；fully完全地，充分地；exactly精确地，恰好，正好；actually 事实上，实际上。和别人去比是傻子的游戏，因为人和人没有完全相似的。故C选项正确。
10. D 考查介词。文章第一段最后提到要和昨天的自己，上周的自己或者是10年前的自己去比较，用自 己内在的衡量标准去衡量自己，所以在此应该是自己内在的比较，故D选项正确。
11. A 考查动词词义辨析。allow允许；suggest建议；instruct指示，指导；direct引导。句意：你只可以 与那些和你生活状况一样的人去比较。即允许自己和别人相比较。故A选项正确。
12. B 考查名词词义辨析。position位置，职位；situation情况，形势；occasion场合，时机；accommodation 住处，住所。和别人比较要在同等情况下进行比较，也就是生活情形相同的，否则没有可比性。 故B 选项正确。
13. B 考查形容词词义辨析。diligent勤奋的；dedicate专注的，投入的；optimistic乐观的；addicted上瘾 的，沉迷于……的。不管你多么的努力，你是多么的投入，总是有人会跑的比你快，跳得比你高…… 故B 选项切题。
14. D 考查动词词义辨析。declare宣布；conclude得出结论，结束；announce宣布；bet打赌。即使现在 没人比你强，肯定也有人在背后努力会超过你的。you can bet意为＂肯定，毫无疑问＂。故D选 项正确。
15. C 考查名词词义辨析。assistant助手，助理；coach教练；competitor竞争者；teacher教师。作者强 调不要和别人去比，要自己和自己比，要让今天的自己超越昨天的自己，所以自己才是自己的对 手，故C 选项正确。
16. B 考查动词词义辨析。lead领导；push推，促进；expose使暴露；cause引起，造成。自己心中有一 个最近达到过的极限是最好的东西，它可以敦促自己朝下一个高度前进。故B选项正确。
17. C 考查动词词义辨析。wonder疑惑，想知道；say说；care在意；ask问，要求。如果你旁边的小伙 子跑了15段楼梯谁又在乎呢？从上文可知作者要人们做到自己一天比一天进步，而不去和别人比， 不去在意别人的进步。C选项切题。
18. A 考查名词词义辨析。difference区别；sense感官，感觉；change改变；effort努力。别人做得再好 和我们也毫无关系，我们只和自己比较，所以即使你跑7段楼梯，别人跑15段，那和我们一点关 系都没有。make a different意为＂有关系，有影响＂，故A选项正确。
19. D 考查名词词义辨析。benefit好处；result结果；habit习惯；progress进步，进展。从上下文可知此 处是指我们没必要去和别人比，去看别人的成绩，只要我们自己每天都在进步，那么我们就是一 个成功的人，你的进步就是你需要的东西。故D选项正确。
20. A 考查动词词义辨析。commit  犯罪，保证；devote献（身），奉献，投入(时间、精力等)；tend倾 向于； contribute贡献。如果你保证每天都有所提高，那么你将永远都是胜利者。A选项正确。
词汇大阅兵


________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________