高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 5 Languages around the world学案

指代

关系

副词

在从句中的作用

例句

时间名词

when（=at/ in/ on +which）

时间状语

I shall never forget the day __________________________（我们搬入新房子的那一天。）

地点名词

where（=at/ in/ on+ which）

地点状语

This is the village______________________________(这就是我父亲出生的村庄。)

原因名词

why（=for which）

原因状语

This is the reason ___________________________这是他错过早班车的原因。

关系副词和关系代词的选择要看先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分：如果作状语，则用关系副词；如果作主语、宾语、表语，则用关系代词，而不能只看先行词是什么。

I’ll never forget the day______________________________________我永远不会忘记我们在农场一起度过的那一天。

I’ll never forget the day ___________________我永远不会忘记我们在农场一起工作的那一天。

He works in the factory_______________________________他在我去年参观的那个工厂工作。

He works in the factory _______________________________他在制造这些自行车的那个工厂工作。

This is the reason___________________________________这就是他对我们解释的理由。

I don’t know the reason__________________________________我不知道他如此生气的原因。

1.where指代抽象地点，意为“在…… 中（下）”

where既可以指代具体的地点名词，也可指代抽象地点名词，常见的抽象地点名词：case, point, situation, condition, scene, stage, position，activity, platform, race, environment, atmosphere, family, job等。

I have reached a point in my life _________________________________我已经到了一个在我人生中自己做决定的地步了。

Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ______________________目前人们更加关心他们所居住的环境。

Life is like a long race ____________________人生像一场长跑比赛, 我们在比赛中和他人竞争以超越自己。

2.when指代抽象时间，意思为“在 ……的时间里”

when既可以指代具体的时间名词，也可指代抽象时间名词，常见的有occasion（时机）, time, age, period等。

Occasions are quite rare____________________________(我有时间和孩子们呆一天的)机会很少。

We are living in an age____________________生活在一个(许多事情靠计算机来做的)时代。

3.why不能引导非限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句不能用why引导, 要用for which。

I have told him the reason, ___________ I missed the early bus. 我没赶上早班车, 我已经告诉了他原因。

The main reason,________ he lost his job, was that he drank too much. 他失去工作的主要原因是酗酒。

4.way作先行词

①先行词way在定语从句中充当方式状语，引导词用 that 或in which  ，也可省略。（注意不用how, how不能引导定语从句。）

②充当主语、宾语，引导词用 that 或which，做主语时不可省略，做宾语时可省略。

This is the way _________ he solved the problem. 这就是他解决问题的方法。

This is the way __________ he used to solve the problem. 这就是他所使用的解决问题的方法。

This is the way _________ was used to solve the problem.

定语从句和它所修饰的先行词中间插入谓语、状语或另外的定语等成分，使定语从句与所修饰的名词分割开来，或者插入语把引导词与定语从句分割。理解句子时，注意找准先行词。

A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach us English.

 教我们英语的一位新老师明天就要到了。

The days are gone ____________ physical strength was what you needed to make a living.完全靠体力挣钱谋生的时代已经过去了。

I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, _____ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. 我和朋友爬到了山顶，在那里我们欣赏了美丽的湖光景色。

The scientist has made another discovery, ________ , of course, is of great importance. 科学家另有发现，当然，这个发现很重要。

1. Is this factory the one (_________ )you visited yesterday?

Is this the factory (____________) you visited yesterday?

2.The old man has three sons , one of __________ is a teacher.

The old man has three sons, and one of ________ is a teacher.

3.The news (____________) he told us is true.

The news __________our team won the game is true.

4.The doctor did all (_____) he could to save the boy.

The doctor did _________ he could to save the boy.

5._________is known to the world, Mark Twain was a famous writer.

___________is known to the world that Mark Twain was a famous writer.

__________ is known to the world is that Mark Twain was a famous writer.

6. You should leave things at the place ________ you can find them again easily.

You should leave things________ you can find them again easily.

7. 判断以下句子是什么句型？

1. It was in this place that he was born.
2. This is the place where he was born.
3. It was in the factory where he worked that we met each other together.
4. He is such a good teacher /so good a teacher as we all like.
5.  He is such a good teacher /so good a teacher that we all like him.
6. The reason why he didn’t come yesterday is that he was ill.

指代

关系

副词

在从句中的作用

例句

时间名词

when（=at/ in/ on +which）

时间状语

I shall never forget the day __________________________（我们搬入新房子的那一天。）

【答案】（when we moved into our new house.

【解析】（先行词the day还原到从句中为: we moved into our new house on the day , 作时间状语，用when 或 on which）

地点名词

where（=at/ in/ on+ which）

地点状语

This is the village______________________________(这就是我父亲出生的村庄。)

【答案】where my father was born.

【解析】（先行词the village还原到从句中为: my father was born in the village, 作地点状语，用where 或in which）

原因名词

why（=for which）

原因状语

This is the reason ___________________________这是他错过早班车的原因。

【答案】why he missed the early bus.

【答案】（先行词the reason还原到从句中为: he missed the early bus for the reason, 作原因状语，用why 或for which）

关系副词和关系代词的选择要看先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分：如果作状语，则用关系副词；如果作主语、宾语、表语，则用关系代词，而不能只看先行词是什么。

I’ll never forget the day______________________________________我永远不会忘记我们在农场一起度过的那一天。

【答案】（that/ which）I spent with you on the farm.

【解析】 (先行词the day还原到从句中为: I spent the day with you on the farm, 作spent的宾语，用that/ which)

I’ll never forget the day ___________________我永远不会忘记我们在农场一起工作的那一天。

【答案】when I worked with you on the farm.

【解析】 (先行词the day还原到从句中为:I worked with you on the farm on the day, 作时间状语，用when或on which)

He works in the factory_______________________________他在我去年参观的那个工厂工作。

【答案】（that/ which ）I visited last year.

【解析】(先行词the factory还原到从句中为: I visited the factory last year, 作visited 的宾语，用that/ which)

He works in the factory _______________________________他在制造这些自行车的那个工厂工作。

【答案】where these bikes are made.

【解析】(先行词the factory还原到从句中为: these bikes are made in the factory, 作地点状语, 用where或in which)

This is the reason___________________________________这就是他对我们解释的理由。

【答案】 (that/ which )he explained to us.

【解析】(先行词the reason还原到从句中为: he explained the reason to us, 作explained的宾语，用that/ which)

I don’t know the reason__________________________________我不知道他如此生气的原因。

【答案】 why he was so angry.

【解析】( 先行词the reason还原到从句中为: he was so angry for the reason, 作原因状语， 用why或for which)

1.where指代抽象地点，意为“在…… 中（下）”

where既可以指代具体的地点名词，也可指代抽象地点名词，常见的抽象地点名词：case, point, situation, condition, scene, stage, position，activity, platform, race, environment,atmosphere, family, job等。

I have reached a point in my life _________________________________我已经到了一个在我人生中自己做决定的地步了。

【答案】where I should make decisions of my own.

Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ______________________目前人们更加关心他们所居住的环境。

【答案】where they live.

Life is like a long race ____________________人生像一场长跑比赛, 我们在比赛中和他人竞争以超越自己。

【答案】where we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.

2.when指代抽象时间，意思为“在 ……的时间里”

when既可以指代具体的时间名词，也可指代抽象时间名词，常见的有occasion（时机）, time, age, period等。

Occasions are quite rare____________________________(我有时间和孩子们呆一天的)机会很少。

【答案】 when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.

We are living in an age____________________生活在一个(许多事情靠计算机来做的)时代。

【答案】 when many things are done on computers.

3.why不能引导非限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句不能用why引导, 要用for which。

I have told him the reason, ___________ I missed the early bus. 我没赶上早班车, 我已经告诉了他原因。

【答案】for which

【解析】非限制性定语从句不能用why引导, 要用for which。

The main reason,________ he lost his job, was that he drank too much. 他失去工作的主要原因是酗酒。

【答案】for which

【解析】非限制性定语从句不能用why引导, 要用for which。

4.way作先行词

①先行词way在定语从句中充当方式状语，引导词用 that 或in which  ，也可省略。（注意不用how, how不能引导定语从句。）

②充当主语、宾语，引导词用 that 或which，做主语时不可省略，做宾语时可省略。

This is the way _________ he solved the problem. 这就是他解决问题的方法。

【答案】(that/in which)

【解析】(先行词the way还原到定语从句中为：he solved the problem in the way，作方式状语，引导词用 that 或in which，也可省略。)

This is the way __________ he used to solve the problem. 这就是他所使用的解决问题的方法。

【答案】(that/in which)

【解析】(the way作used的宾语，that/which可省略)

This is the way _________ was used to solve the problem.

【答案】that/which

【解析】(the way作was used的主语，that/which不可省略)

这就是被使用的解决问题的方法。

定语从句和它所修饰的先行词中间插入谓语、状语或另外的定语等成分，使定语从句与所修饰的名词分割开来，或者插入语把引导词与定语从句分割。理解句子时，注意找准先行词。

A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach us English.

 教我们英语的一位新老师明天就要到了。

The days are gone ____________ physical strength was what you needed to make a living.完全靠体力挣钱谋生的时代已经过去了。

【答案】when

I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, _____ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. 我和朋友爬到了山顶，在那里我们欣赏了美丽的湖光景色。

【答案】where

The scientist has made another discovery, ________ , of course, is of great importance. 科学家另有发现，当然，这个发现很重要。

【答案】which

1. Is this factory the one (_________ )you visited yesterday?

【答案】that/which可省略

【解析】 (the one作表语，that引导定语从句，修饰the one)

Is this the factory (____________) you visited yesterday?

【答案】that/ which

【解析】(that/which引导定语从句并作宾语，可省略)

2.The old man has three sons , one of __________ is a teacher.

【答案】whom

【解析】(定语从句，用引导词whom)

 The old man has three sons, and one of ________ is a teacher.

【答案】them

【解析】(并列句，用代词them)

3.The news (____________) he told us is true.

【答案】that/which

【解析】(定语从句，引导词用that和which都可)

The news __________our team won the game is true.

【解析】(同位语从句，引导词只用that，不用which)

【答案】that

4.The doctor did all (_____) he could to save the boy.

【答案】that

【解析】（有先行词all，that引导定语从句）

The doctor did _________ he could to save the boy.

【答案】what

【解析】 (没有先行词，what引导宾语从句)

5._________is known to the world, Mark Twain was a famous writer.

【答案】As

【解析】(as 引导非限制性定语从句)

___________is known to the world that Mark Twain was a famous writer.

【解析】 (it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语)

【答案】It

__________ is known to the world is that Mark Twain was a famous writer.

【答案】What

【解析】(what引导主语从句)

6.You should leave things at the place ________ you can find them again easily.

【答案】where

【解析】(有先行词，where引导定语从句, 也可用at which)

You should leave things________ you can find them again easily.

【答案】where

【解析】(没有先行词，where引导地点状语从句，不可用at which)

7. 判断以下句子是什么句型？

【答案】

1. It was in this place that he was born. (强调句)
2. This is the place where he was born. (定语从句)
3. It was in the factory where he worked that we met each other together. (where引导定语从句，that构成强调句)
4. He is such a good teacher /so good a teacher as we all like. (as引导定语从句)
5. He is such a good teacher /so good a teacher that we all like him. （that引导结果状语从句）
6. The reason why he didn’t come yesterday is that he was ill. (why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句)