(通用版)高考英语二轮复习专题06并列连词、复合句及特殊句式（2份打包，课件+习题，含答案）

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考点一    并列连词1.and
3.表示对比、转折关系的并列连词有but,yet,whereas,while等。Jane said she was ill,yet I saw her in the street just nw.简说她生病了,但刚才我在街上看到了她。He likes pp music,while I am fnd f flk music.他喜欢流行音乐,而我喜欢民间音乐。Sme f the studies shw psitive results,whereas thers d nt.有一些研 究结果令人满意,然而其他的则不然。
此外but还可用于“I?m srry but...”,“Excuse me but...”句型中。I am srry but I wn?t be able t cme tnight.对不起我今晚不能来。4.表示因果关系的并列连词有s,fr等。It must have rained last night,fr it is wet all ver.昨晚一定下雨了,因为到处都是湿的。The shps were clsed,s I didn?t get any milk.商店都关门了,所以我没买到牛奶。5.when也可用作并列连词,常用于下列句式: when...
We were having a meeting when smene brke in.我们正在开会,这时有人闯了进来。We were abut t set ff when it suddenly began t rain.我们正打算动身,突然下起了雨。I had just finished my hmewrk when Tm came t me.我刚写完作业,Tm就来找我了。,,nt als...等。He spke with bth kindness and understanding.他说话既亲切又善解人意。Neither Tm nr Helen is hard-wrking.汤姆和海伦都不勤奋。
Nt nly men but als wmen were chsen.选中的不仅有男性还有女性。They have a flat in twn as well as in the cuntryside.他们在城里有一套 公寓,在乡村也有。题组训练·用并列连词填空①Shall we g ut t the cinema    r    stay at hme?②There are many kinds f sprts,    but     my favrite is swimming.③Henry is very smart,    s    many f his classmates like him.④Wrk hard     and     yu will be admitted t a key university.⑤Hurry up     r     yu will miss the bus.
考点二    定语从句
一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
He has tw sns,wh wrk in the same cmpany.(He has nly tw sns.)他有两个儿子,他们在同一家公司上班。He has tw sns wh wrk in the same cmpany.(Perhaps he has mre than tw sns.)他有两个儿子在同一家公司上班。
He failed in the match,which was a great pity.(非限制性定语从句,先行词 为前面的句子)(=He failed in the match,and it was a great pity.)他在比赛中失败了,这太令人遗憾了。题组训练·句型转换①That is his father,and he wrks in Shanghai.That is his father,    wh    wrks in Shanghai.②I like the by,wh is very lvely.I like the by,    because/fr     he is very lvely.③He tld me a stry yesterday,and I thught it was very interesting.He tld me a stry yesterday,    which    I thught was very interesting.
二、关系代词的用法(一)限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法
1.先行词指人且在定语从句中作主语,需用wh/that引导,且不能省略。She is the girl wh/that lives next dr.她就是住在隔壁的女孩。2.先行词指物且在定语从句中作主语,需用that/which引导,且不能省 略。
The wrk that/which has just been finished is very imprtant.刚刚完成的那份工作很重要。3.先行词指物且在定语从句中作宾语,用that或which引导,且可省略that/ which。That is the bk(that/which) I want t read.那就是我想要读的那本书。4.先行词指人且在定语从句中作宾语,用whm/wh/that引导,且可省略 whm/wh/that。That?s the girl (whm/wh/that) I teach.那就是我教的女孩。
5.先行词指人或物且在定语从句中作定语,用whse或f whm/f which引导。This is the scientist whse achievements are well knwn.=This is the scientist,the achievements f whm are well knwn.=This is the scientist,f whm the achievements are well knwn.这就是那位成就卓著的科学家。This is the huse whse windw brke last night.=This is the huse,the windw f which brke last night.=This is the huse,f which the windw brke last night.这就是昨晚窗户被打破的那所房子。(注意等号后定语从句中的定冠词)
 6.as引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式:We have fund such materials as are used in their factry.我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。(as作主语)This bk is nt such as I expect.这不是我期望的书。(as作宾语)I have the same bk as he has.我和他有同样的书。(as作宾语)
题组训练·用wh,whm,that,which,whse,as填空④The huse     whse    windws face the nrth belngs t him.⑤The man    wh/whm/that    yu met just nw is my ld friend.⑥The man    wh/that    is walking in the playgrund is my ld friend.⑦Take the bk    which/that    is lying n the table.⑧She is such a girl    as    is always finding fault with ther peple.
(二)非限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法
1.关系代词在任何情况下都不能省略。I want t buy a dictinary,which is valuable t my learning.(which不能省略)我想买本字典,字典对我的学习很有价值。2.wh(主语,宾语),whm(宾语),which(主语,宾语)不能用that代替。This is New Yrk,which I have visited fr several times.(which不能用that代替)这就是纽约,我参观过这里好几次了。3.which引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词可以是一个词,也可以是个句子。He was late again,which made the teacher very unhappy.(先行词为整个主
句)他又迟到了,这使老师很不高兴。4.关系代词as也可引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为句子,as在从句中作 主语、宾语等。As we knw,China is a develping cuntry.我们知道,中国是个发展中国家。As is knwn t us all,China is in the east f Asia.众所周知,中国在亚洲的东部。(三)关系代词除上面的基本用法外,还有下列特殊用法:1.有时为了使表达的意思更清楚,用“which+名词”引导定语从句。He advised me t hide behind the dr,which advice I tk at nce.他建议 我躲在门后,我立即照着做了。
2.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句(1)当介词放在关系代词的前面时,关系代词常用which或whm,并且不 能省略。He paid the by $10 fr washing ten windws,mst f which hadn?t been cleaned fr at least a year.他付给男孩10美元擦洗10扇窗户,这10扇窗户中大部分至少一年没擦了。In the dark street,there wasn?t a persn,t whm she culd turn fr help.在黑暗的街道上一个人也没有,她没有人可以求助。(2)在限制性定语从句中,当介词位于定语从句的末尾时,可用that/which (指物),that/whm/wh(指人)作介词的宾语,而且作介词宾语的关系代词
可以省略。This is the her  we are prud f.这是我们引以为荣的那个英雄。This is the pen  I wrte the letter with.这是我写信时用的那支钢笔。(3)在非限制性定语从句中,“介词+which/whm”中的介词不能移到从 句的后面。He has visited Gu?an N.One High Schl fr several times,in which he
has many friends.(in不能放在定语从句句末)他已经参观固安一中几次了,在那里他有很多朋友。(4)“复合介词短语+关系代词which”引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗 号分开,定语从句常用倒装语序。He lived in a big huse,in frnt f which std a big tall tree.他住在一所大房子里,房子前面有一棵又大又高的树。(5)“介词+which/whm+不定式”结构。The pr man has n huse in which t live.=The pr man has n huse (that/which)he can live in.=The pr man has n huse in which he can live.=The pr man has n huse t live in.那个穷人没房子住。
题组训练·单句填空⑨He may win the cmpetitin,in     which     case he is likely t get int the natinal team.⑩Frank?s dream is t have his wn garden in     which     t prduce many beautiful flwers.(四)几组关系词的辨析1.关系代词that 和which的区别(1)在限制性定语从句中,用关系代词that不用which的情况:
　　(2)当先行词指事/物时,定语从句中关系代词用which不用that的情 况:
fault. Whenever I met her,　which     was fairly ften,she greeted me with a sweet smile. All the presents 　that     yur friends gave yu n yur birthday shuld be put away. This is the very bk 　that     I have been lking fr. He was late fr the pening ceremny,　which     was very surprising t me.
题组训练·用关系代词that或which填空 I refuse t accept the blame fr smething 　that    was smene else?s
2.关系代词as和whichas和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为整个主句或主句中 的一部分内容,先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,as与which均不可省略,有时两者可以互换。He married her,as/which was natural.他跟她结婚了,这是很自然的事。(1)下列情况通常只用as而不用which:1)当定语从句置于主句前面时,用as不用which。As yu see,the Chinese peple are hard-wrking.(定语从句在句首)正如 你所知道的,中国人民是勤劳的。注意下面句子的多种表达方法:
 题组训练·用as,it,what填空 　What    is knwn t us all is that China has the largest ppulatin in the wrld. 　It    is knwn t us all that China has the largest ppulatin in the wrld.
 　As    is knwn t us all,China has the largest ppulatin in the wrld.2)先行词作主语且定语从句使用被动语态时,通常用as不用which,从句 谓语通常为:be knwn,be said,be reprted,be annunced,be mentined 等。如果从句是主动语态,一般用which作主语。She has been absent again,as is expected.她又缺席了,这在预料之中。Tm has made rapid prgress,which makes me very happy.汤姆进步很快,这使我很高兴。另外,as常用在下列习惯用语中:as(it)seems likely,as(it)ften happens,as (it)was pinted ut,as(it)was said earlier,as I remember(it),as I understand (it),as(it)appears,as is ften the case,as anybdy can see,as we have expected。
Jack has wn first prize,as it ften happens.像往常一样,杰克得了一等奖。She has read widely in Rmantic Literature,as it appears frm her essay.她广泛涉猎了浪漫主义文学,这从她的文章中可以看出来。(2)下列情况通常用which而不用as:
题组训练·单句填空  A lt f language learning,     as     has been discvered,is happening in the first year f life,s parents shuld talk much t their children during that perid.  There is n simple answer,     as     is ften the case in science.
三、关系副词的用法(一)当关系词在定语从句中作状语时,要用关系副词。其中when=表时 间的介词(如:in,at,n,during等)+which;where=表地点的介词(如:in,at,n, under等)+which;why=表原因的介词(如:fr)+which。I still remember the day when I first came t Beijing.(when=n which)我还记得第一次来北京的那一天。Can yu tell me the ffice where he wrks?(where=in which)你能告诉我他工作的办公室吗?D yu knw the reasn why he is absent?(why=fr which)你知道他缺席的原因吗?此外,当先行词为situatin,case,stage,pint等,且关系词在定语从句中作
状语时,也要用关系副词where引导。They have reached the pint where they have t separate with each ther. 他们已经到了必须分手的地步。题组训练·单句填空 He wrte a letter　where    he explained what had happened in the acci-dent. Sales directr is a psitin　where    cmmunicatin ability is just as imprtant as sales skills.(二)where/when=介词+关系代词(which),有时为表达清楚,还可以在关 系副词where/when前加介词frm/t等。China is the birthplace f kites,frm where kite flying spreads t Japan,
Thailand, India and s n.中国是风筝的发源地,从这里放风筝传到了日本、泰国、印度等国家。(三)关系副词when,where可用于非限制性定语从句中,而关系副词why 不可以。
四、注意way和time后接定语从句的情况1.当先行词是way(意为“方式,方法”)时,引导定语从句的关系词有下 列三种形式。What surprised me was nt what he said but the way  he said it.让我吃惊的不是他说的话,而是他说话的方式。注意下面两个句子中关系词的不同,试比较:The way  he explained t us was quite simple.他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。
The way  he explained the sentence t us was nt difficult t un-derstand.他向我们解释句子的那种方式不难理解。2.先行词是time,若time作“次数”讲,应用关系代词that引导定语从句, that可省略;若time作“一段时间”讲且作状语,应用关系副词when或 “介词at/during+which”引导定语从句。This is the secnd time (that) the President has visited the cuntry.这是总 统第二次访问这个国家了。This was at a time when/during which there were n radis,n telephnes r n TV sets.
这是在一个没有收音机、没有电话,也没有电视的时期。题组训练·用适当的关系代词、关系副词或“介词+关系代词”填空 I dn?t like the way　that/in which    he laughs at her. This is the secnd time　that    I have been here. Can yu still remember the time　that/which    we spent tgether in ur childhd?
五、定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的比较引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词除了起连接主句和从句的作用外, 它们还有一个最重要的作用,那就是它们分别在定语从句中作成分。具 体地说,关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语,而关系副 词在定语从句中作状语。因此,在选择关系词时,最重要的是分析一下 定语从句中所缺的成分,若从句中缺主语、宾语、定语或表语,那么需 用关系代词;若从句中缺状语,那么需用关系副词。试比较下面的句子:(1)D yu still remember the days (that/which) we spent in Qingda?你还 记得我们在青岛度过的日子吗?(2)D yu still remember the days when we spent the summer hlidays in Qingda?
你还记得我们在青岛过暑假的日子吗?在句(1)中,定语从句中缺宾语,因此可用关系代词that/which来引导从句, 也可省略;在句(2)中,定语从句中缺时间状语,因此需用关系副词when来 引导从句。题组训练·用that,when,why,where,which填空 I want t knw the date    when    yu were brn. I have frgtten the date    that/which    yu tld me. D yu knw the reasn    why    he is absent tday? That is the reasn    that/which    I want t knw. Many cuntries are nw setting up natinal parks    where    animals and
plants can be prtected. This is the factry    that/which    his father built.
考点三    名词性从句
一、名词性从句的结构和功能总述名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词 性从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句。名词性从句主要有四种从 句结构:以that引导的从句;以whether/if引导的从句;以连接代词/副词 wh,where,why等引导的从句;以what或wh-ever等引导的名词性关系从 句。此外,as if/as thugh也可引导表语从句。具体用法见下表:
题组训练·完成下面句子①Can yu tell me    hw I can    (我如何能)get t the railway statin?②These phtgraphs will shw yu    what ur village lks/is like    (我 们村看上去是什么样子的).
二、以that引导的从句(一)主语从句1.that从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语,常见的句型有:
2.在口语中,that常可省略,尤其是在非常短的句子中,但that从句位于句 首时,that是不能省略的。It?s a pity(that)yu?re leaving.你要离开,真遗憾。That we are invited t the cncert this evening is gd news t us.我们被邀请去参加今晚的音乐会,这对我们来说是个好消息。(二)that从句作宾语从句1.that从句可作及物动词的宾语,常用的结构有:
2.that从句作介词宾语,常用结构有:
(三)that引导的从句作表语从句、同位语从句
(四)that引导同位语从句与that引导的定语从句的区别
题组训练·单句填空③It is bvius t the students    that    they shuld get well prepared fr their future.④The news     that     we are having a hliday tmrrw is nt true.
三、以whether/if(是否)引导的从句(一)whether/if(是否)引导的表语从句、同位语从句
(二)whether/if(是否)引导的主语从句
(三)whether/if(是否)引导的宾语从句
题组训练·用whether/if填空⑤It is still under discussin    whether    the ld bus statin shuld be re- placed with a mdern htel r nt.⑥I am nt sure    whether/if    he will cme here r nt. ⑦This decisin will have an effect n    whether    r nt he will succeed.
四、连接代词/副词where,wh,hw,why等引导的从句(一)连接代词/副词引导的主语从句连接代词/副词引导主语从句时,常用it作形式主语。如:It makes n difference where we shall have the meeting.我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。It has nt been decided yet wh will preside ver the meeting.由谁来主持 会议还没有决定。(二)连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句1.能接连接代/副词引导的宾语从句的动词有很多,常见的有see,tell,ask, knw,decide,imagine,suggest,dubt,wnder,shw,discuss,understand,in-
frm,advise等。I can?t imagine hw he did it.我不能想象他是如何做的这件事。They culdn?t understand why I refused it.他们不明白我为什么拒绝这件事。2.作介词宾语。如:It all depends n hw we slve the prblem.这完全要看我们如何解决这个问题。We are wrrying abut what we shuld d next.我们正在为下一步该做什么而烦恼。
(三)连接代词/副词引导的表语从句、同位语从句The prblem is where we shuld stay.问题是我们应该待在哪里。(表语从句)The questin hw I shall get in tuch with him has nt been answered.我如何能和他取得联系的问题还没有得到答复。(同位语从句)题组训练·单句填空⑧I?m afraid he?s mre f a talker than a der,which is　why    he never finished anything.⑨Many yung peple in the West are expected t leave　what    culd be life?s mst imprtant decisin—marriage—almst entirely up t luck.
五、以what或wh-ever等引导的名词性从句what可用来引导名词性从句,此时what=the thing(s)which/that,有时what 可以用作前置定语,如what help,what funny stries等。此外,whever= anyne wh;whichever=anyne wh/anything that(whichever也可指人); whatever=anything that(whichever和whatever也可作定语)。有时where (=the place where)和when(=the time when)也可以用来引导名词性从 句。(一)主语从句What they need is a gd textbk.他们需要的是一本好课本。Whatever he likes will be given t him.
他喜欢的任何东西都会给他。Whichever bk he bught wuld be paid fr.无论他买了哪一本书都要付款。Whever did this jb must be rewarded.无论谁干了这项工作一定要得到酬谢。(二)宾语从句She will give whever(=anyne wh)needs help warm supprt.凡需要帮助的人,她都会给予热情的支持。(作动词宾语)I spent what little time I had with my family.我仅有的那一点时间都与家人在一起度过了。(作动词宾语)She walked up t where(=the place where)he std.
她走到他站着的地方。(作介词宾语)I can judge by what(=the things that)I knw f him.我可以根据我对他的了解来判断。(作介词宾语)Yu can write abut whatever tpic(=any tpic that)yu prefer.你可以写 你喜欢的任何话题。(作介词宾语)(三)表语从句This is what my father has taught me.这就是我父亲曾经教给我的。(四)同位语从句I gave the girl a big dll,exactly what she lnged t have.我给了这个女孩一个大洋娃娃,那正是她渴望拥有的东西。
(五)宾语补足语We?ll make him whatever he is fit fr.他适合干什么,我们就培养他干什么。I?ll call the baby whatever name yu like.你喜欢什么名字,我就叫这个小孩什么名字。He has made the cmpany what it is tday.他把公司办成了今天这个样子。题组训练·单句填空⑩    Whichever    ne f yu breaks the windw will have t pay fr it. The bk can be f help t    whever    wants t d the jb. She is very dear t us.We have been prepared t d    whatever    it takes
t save her life.
六、名词性从句的几个易混点(一)that通常不可省略的情况1.that引导的主语从句置于句首时;That prices will g up is certain.物价要上涨是肯定的。2.当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时,引导第二个和以后几个 从句的that不可省略;He tld me he had t leave and that he wuld be back sn.他告诉我他得离开且很快就回来。3.由it作形式宾语时,that引导的宾语从句中的that大多不可省略。
 —Hw abut camping this weekend,just fr a change?—OK,       whatever    yu want.
您可以说这是之前安排好的。(二)as if/as thugh,because,why也可引导表语从句。It lked as if it was ging t rain.看起来天好像要下雨。That?s because he didn?t wrk hard enugh.那是因为他不够努力工作。(强调原因)That was why I asked fr three days? leave.那就是为什么我请了三天假。(强调结果)注意:because引导表语从句时,主句主语不能是reasn或cause,而且since 和as不能引导表语从句。The reasn is that...才是正确的。
Yu can put it that it was arranged befre.
考点四    状语从句
一、时间状语从句(一)when,while,as1.从属连词when既可引导一个持续性动作,也可引导一个短暂性动作; 可用于主句动作和从句动作同时发生,也可用于从句动作先于主句动作 发生的情况。 When I lived there,I used t g t the seashre n Sundays.我住在那里时,星期天常到海滨去。When the film ended,the peple went back.电影一结束,看电影的人便回去了。2.从属连词while引导的动作必须是持续性的,侧重主句动作和从句动作 相对比。
Please dn?t talk s lud while thers are wrking.别人在工作时请别那么大声谈话。3.从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成,可译 为“一边……,一边……”或“随着……”。He hurried hme,lking behind as he walked.他匆匆忙忙回家去,一边走一边回头望。As time ges n,it?s getting warmer and warmer.随着时间的推移,天气变得越来越暖和了。4.如果主句表示的是短暂性动作,而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示 在一段时间内正在进行的动作,此时when,while与as可互换使用。When/While/As I was walking dwn the street,I came acrss an ld friend f mine.当我沿大街行走时,碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。
题组训练·用when,while,as填空①    When/While/As    I was waiting at the bus stp,I nticed a plice car in frnt f the stre.②    When    Jhn arrived,I was cking lunch.③    As    he grew lder,he lst interest in everything except gardening.(二)as sn as,immediately,directly,the mment,the minute,the instant和 nce(一……就……)这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即发 生,常译为“一……就……”。
The by burst int tears immediately he saw his mther.那个男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。注意:n ;也可表示“一……就… …”,这一结构的时态搭配为:n sner与hardly/scarcely所在的主句的 谓语动词应用过去完成时,而than与when引导的从句的谓语动词应用一 般过去时。此外,当把n sner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时,其所在的 主句应用倒装语序。  
题组训练·单句填空④He had n sner finished his speech    than    the students started cheer- ing.⑤Yu will be successful in the interview    nce    yu have cnfidence.⑥Just use this rm fr the time being,and we?ll ffer yu a larger ne as     sn     as it becmes available.(三)till,until和肯定句:主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词,主句、从句都为肯定式, 意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。He remained there until/till she arrived.他在那儿一直待到她来。
Yu may stay here until/till the rain stps.你可以在这里待到雨停。2.否定句:主句的谓语动词必须是非延续性动词,从句为肯定式,意为 “某动作直到某时间才开始”。He wn?t g t bed till/until she returns.直到她回来他才会去睡。3.till不可以置于句首,而until可以。Until yu tld me I had n idea f it.直到你告诉我,我才知道此事。4.nt until...句型的强调和倒装用法。直到你告诉我,我才知道这件事。
It was nt until yu tld me that I had any idea f it.(强调句型)Nt until yu tld me did I have any idea f it.(nt until置于句首,主句要 部分倒装)题组训练·同义句转换I didn?t leave until she came back.⑦    Nt until    she came back    did I    leave.⑧    It was    nt until she came back    that    I    left    .(四)befre和since1.若表达“还未……就……;不到……就……;……才……;还没来得及 ……就……”时,需用连词befre。We had sailed fur days and fur nights befre we saw land.
我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。We hadn?t run a mile befre he felt tired.我们跑了还不到一英里他就感到累了。Befre I culd get in a wrd,he had measured me.我还没来得及插话,他就给已经我量好了尺寸。2.befre从句中谓语不用否定式。Befre they reached the statin,the train had gne.他们到火车站前(他们还没到火车站),火车就已开走了。3.“It will be/was+一段时间+befre...”常翻译成:……才;……就。It was half a year befre I came back.半年后我才回来。
It wn?t be lng befre we meet again.过不了多长时间我们就会再见面了。4.since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词,主句的谓语动词是延续性 的或者是反复发生的动作。since从句的时态若是一般过去时,主句中 的时态常是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。I have written hme fur times since I came here.自从我来到这儿,我已经给家里写过四封信了。She has been wrking in this factry since she left schl.她离开学校以后就一直在这个工厂工作。5.在“It is+一段时间+since从句”句型中,since引导的从句的谓语动词 若是延续性动词,常理解为某一状态的终止;若是终止性动词,则理解为
某一动作的开始。It is three years since the war brke ut.(终止性动词)自战争爆发以来已有三年了。It is three years since I smked(=since I stpped smking).(延续性动词)我不吸烟已有三年了。如果译成“我吸烟已有三年了”,应为:It is three years since I began t smke.(终止性动词)题组训练·英译汉⑨It is three years since she was in ur class.　    她离开我们班已有三年了。    ⑩It is three years since he lived here.　    他不在这儿住已有三年了。    
单句填空 As is reprted,it is 100 years    since    the university was funded. Because f the heavy traffic,it was time fr lunch    when     she gt t her ffice. I have heard a lt f gd things abut yu     since     I came back frm abrad. (五)every time,each time,next time,the last time,any time等名词短语用来 引导时间状语从句,表示“每当……;每次……;下次……”等。Every/Each time I was in truble,he wuld cme t help me ut.每当我处于困境,他就会来帮助我。
Next time yu cme,d remember t bring yur sn here.下次你来这里的时候,一定记着把你儿子带来。The last time she saw James,he was lying in bed.上次她看见詹姆斯的时候,他正躺在床上。
二、地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的从属连词where,wherever指具体地点时,从句可用 于主句之前或之后;表示抽象条件的含义时,从句需放在主句之前。We shuld g where the Party needs us mst.我们应到党最需要我们的地方去。Yu are free t g wherever yu like.你愿意去哪里就去哪里。Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者,事竟成。Where there is smke,there is fire.无火不生烟。/无风不起浪。
题组训练·单句填空 After the war,a new schl building was put up    where    there had nce been a theatre. I have kept the prtrait    where    I can see it every day,as it always reminds me f my university days in Lndn.
三、原因状语从句1.引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有:because,as,since,nw that。每 个连词的含义不尽相同。
I was absent frm the meeting because I was ill.因为我病了,所以我没有参加会议。As it is raining,we shall nt g t the park.由于在下雨,我们不去公园了。Nw that/Since everybdy is here,let?s begin ur meeting.既然大家都在这里,我们开始开会吧。2.此外,when,seeing that,cnsidering that也可以表示原因,意为:既然;考虑 到。It was flish f yu t take a taxi when yu culd walk there in five min- utes.既然你在5分钟之内能步行到那里,却坐出租车,真够愚蠢的。
题组训练·单句填空      Nw     that my head had cleared,my brain was als beginning t wrk much better.
四、目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的从属连词有:s that,in rder that,in case等。1.in rder that,s that两个连词都意为“以便……;为了……”,它们引导的状语从句中常用 情态动词。in rder that比s that正式,引导的状语从句可置于主句之前 或之后,而s that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。I?ll speak slwly s that yu can understand me.我会慢慢说,以便你能明白我的意思。In rder that we might see the sunrise,we started fr the peak early.为了能 看到日出,我们很早就出发去了山顶。2.fr fear that与in case
引导目的状语从句时,fr fear that表示“唯恐,以免”某事会发生;in case 表示“以防(万一)”出现某种情况。Mary didn?t want t get ut f bed fr fear that she might wake her baby (up).玛丽不想起床,生怕吵醒她的宝宝。Take yur raincat in case it rains.带上雨衣以防下雨。题组训练·单句填空 I tk my driving license with me n hliday, in     case     I wanted t hire a car.   She finally ran away fr     fear     that her parents wuld scld her.
五、结果状语从句1.引导结果状语从句的从属连词有:s that,,。在非 正式语体中,由,引导的从句中的that可以省略,注意 其结构:  Mike is such an hnest wrker that we all believe in him.=Mike is s hnest a wrker that we all believe in him.
迈克是一个如此诚实的工人,以至于我们都信任他。It is such fine weather that we all want t g t the park.天气如此晴朗,以至于我们都想去公园。He earned s little mney that he culdn?t supprt his family.他挣这么少 的钱,以至于养不起家。注意:(1)为了强调形容词和副词,当s或such置于句首时,主句要用倒装 语序。S clever a student was he that he was able t wrk ut all the difficult prblems.他是如此聪明的一个学生,以至于能够解出所有难题。(2)当s或such所在的主句主语与结果状语从句中的主语一致时,还可简
化为 t...。He was s clever a student that he was able t wrk ut all the difficult prblems.→He was s clever a student as t be able t wrk ut all the difficult prb- lems.题组训练·用s或such填空  It is nt surprising that     such     little wrms eat s little grain.  Can yu believe that in     such     a rich cuntry there shuld be s many pr peple? He is    s    smart a by that I like him very much.
种程度可以……)等结构同样可以表示结果。他起床太晚了,没有赶上那班公共汽车。He didn?t get up early enugh t catch the bus.=He gt up t late t catch the bus.题组训练·同义句转换He is s yung that he can?t jin the army. He is nt ld     enugh    t jin the army. He is    t    yung t jin the army. He is     s     yung as nt t jin the 引导的状语从句与引导的定语从句的区别。首先观察两个句子:
2.除结果状语从句外,(太……而不能……),enugh t...(达到某
①He is such a clever by as everyne likes.他是一个人人都喜爱的聪明孩子。②He is such a clever by that everyne likes him.他是一个如此聪明的孩子,以至于人人都喜欢他。第①个句子中everyne likes成分残缺,缺少宾语,故可判断此处为定语 从句;第②句中everyne likes him结构完整,不缺任何成分,故可判断此 处为状语从句。题组训练·用as,that填空 Such advice     as     he was given prved almst wrthless.   It was such a bring speech     that     I fell asleep.
六、条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的从属连词有:if,unless(=如果不;除非……否 则……),s/as lng as(只要),in case(如果),n cnditin that(条件是),sup- pse/suppsing(that)(假设),prviding/prvided that(如果)等。Yu?ll fail the exam unless yu study hard(=if yu dn?t study hard).除非你努力学习,否则你考试会不及格。As lng as yu dn?t lse heart,yu will succeed.你只要不灰心就会成功。 Suppse/Suppsing(that)they refuse us,wh else can we turn t fr help?假如他们拒绝了我们,我们还能求助于谁?In case there is a fire,what will we d first?
如果发生火灾,我们首先做什么?题组训练·单句填空 　Unless    ur manager bjects t Tm?s jining the club,we shall accept him as a member. Yu may use the rm as yu like　as/s    lng as yu clean it up afterwards.
七、方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的从属连词有:as,as if,as thugh等。方式状语从句应 放在主句之后。其中as if或as thugh引导的从句一般用虚拟语气,但如 果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现,也可用陈述语气。D as yu are tld,r yu?ll be fired.叫你做什么你就做什么,否则你会被解雇。The ld lady treats the by as if he were her wn grandsn.(虚拟语气)这 位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是她自己的孙子似的。I feel as if I have a fever.(陈述语气)我感觉我好像发烧了。
 Leave the table     as     it is. Jack wasn?t saying anything but the teacher smiled at him as    if    he had dne smething very clever.
八、让步状语从句1.althugh/thugh(尽管,虽然),even thugh/even if(即使,尽管)引导的让 步状语从句。althugh与thugh两者意思相同,一般可互换,都可以与yet,still或never- theless连用,但不能和but连用。He is unhappy,thugh/althugh he has a lt f mney.虽然他很有钱,但他并不幸福。Althugh/Thugh it was raining hard,yet they went n playing ftball.虽然雨下得很大,但他们还是继续踢足球。Even thugh it is raining,we?ll g there.(陈述语气)尽管下着雨,我们也要去那里。
Even if I were busy,I wuld g.(虚拟语气)即使忙,我也要去。注意:thugh还可用作副词,意为“可是,然而”,置于句末。如:He said he wuld cme;he didn?t,thugh.他说他会来,可是他没有来。(不管……还是……),疑问词+-ever与n matter+疑问词 (不管……;无论……)引导的让步状语从句。Whether yu believe it r nt,it is true.不管你相信与否,那都是真的。Whatever(=N matter what)yu say,he wn?t believe yu.无论你说什么,他都不会相信你。
Whever yu are(=N matter wh yu are),yu must bey the rules.无论 你是谁,你都要遵守规则。注意:whever,whatever,whmever,whichever还可以引导名词性从句。Yu can take whatever yu like.(宾语从句)你喜欢什么就可以拿什么。3.when,while也可作从属连词表让步,while常用在句首,when常用在句 中,相当于althugh。Suddenly,she stpped when she ught t have cntinued.尽管她应该继续下去,她却突然停住了。While I admit that there are prblems,I dn?t agree that they cannt be slved.