(新高考)高考英语三轮冲刺大题优练6 七选五 议论文(2份打包，解析版+原卷版)

A

【2019·北京卷】

Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished(完成) in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals.   1   Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent?

  2   They focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent; above that level, the team’s performance begins to decline. Interestingly, this trend isn’t evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance.

To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(协调) their actions.   3   In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent, while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team’s performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told, “There is no I in TEAM.”   4 

Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比赛), whenever a person is added, everyone else pulls the rope with less force.

  5   An A-team may require a balance — not just A players, but a few generous B players as well.

A. It’s not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.

B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent

C. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers’ attention.

D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.

E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.

F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.

G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.

【答案】BEGDF

【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些有雅量的普通球员。

1.上文说大多数人认为建立一个伟大团队的最好方法就是聚集一群最有天赋的个人。下文说公司花费数百万雇佣顶级商业人士。该空承上启下，也是在举例，B选项（运动队老板花费数百万美元吸引顶尖人才。）切题，故选B。

2.下文说他们专注于足球、篮球和篮球。结果有好有坏。这些都属于体育方面，该空引出下文，E选项（最近的几项研究调查了体育世界中人才的作用。）切题，故选E。

3.上文说为了解释这一现象，研究人员探索了一场精彩的表现要求队员们行动相互协调的程度，下文说明了研究结果，该空承上启下，G选项（这项任务的相互依赖性使棒球区别于足球和篮球。）切题，故选G。

4.上文说一个球星为了个人得分，而影响团队的表现，该空承接上文，D选项（球星显然没有遵守运动员精神的基本原则）切题，故选D。

5.下文说一支一流球队可能需要达到一种平衡，不仅仅有最好的球员，也有一些有雅量的普通球员。该空引出下文，F选项（建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。）切题，故选F。

B

【2015·全国I卷】

Building Trust in a Relationship Again

Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences.   6   Trust is a risk. But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.

Unfortunately, we’ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we’ve been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore.   7   It’s understandable, but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.

  8   Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.

  9   If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, we’ll have our trust tested or violated.

You didn’t lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.   10   Instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.

A. Learn to really trust yourself.

B. It is putting confidence in someone.

C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.

D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.

E. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.

F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.

G. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.

【答案】BEACG

【解析】本文为议论文，文章主要讲述了人们一旦失去了信任，如何再次建立信任。

6.空前一句：信任是我们从以往经历中获得的习得性行为。选项B中的It代指上文刚出现的trust。故选B。

7.根据前句“Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore.”可知他们因为曾经受过严重的伤害因此不能忍受背叛再次发生。可知选E。

8.根据后句“Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.”可知此段主要讲述要学会信任自己，因此选A。

9.根据后句“If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance.”可知此段主要讲述不要把自己当成受害者。故选C。

10.根据前一句“Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.”和后一句“Instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.”可知看到事情的积极面，并不意味着你就要忽视所发生的事情。故选G。

A

Financial Education — Awareness Dilemma

When it comes to financial education, the majority of today’s youth will regard it as a necessity for certain specific people who want to make their career in the financial world.   1   Actually, elementary financial education is a must for all, as money transaction is an essential part of our day-to-day life.

Suppose you have $100 in a saving account that pays simple interest at the rate of 2% per year. If you leave the money in the account, how much will you have accumulated after 5 years: more than $102, exactly $102, or less than $102? The test might look simple, but only half of the people surveyed gave the correct answer.

  2   The explanation goes as follows: People with low levels of financial literacy suffer from that lack of knowledge at every stage of their lives. Researchers on this subject say people with a high degree of financial literacy are more likely to plan for their retirement.   3   

On the contrary, people who have a lower degree of financial literacy tend to borrow more, accumulate less wealth, and pay more in fees related financial products. They are less likely to invest, more likely to experience difficulty with debt, and less likely to know the terms of their mortgages and other loans. Thus, the cost of this financial ignorance is very high.   4   

What is the solution?   5   Like reading and math, financial education must become part of the core curriculum in our schools. Likewise, parents should engage in regular, constructive conversations about money matters. This will give their kids a solid foundation for financial well-being, which will keep on giving returns throughout the course of their lives.

A. Financial education must start early.

B. However, they miss an important point.

C. Why does each of us have to face a financial challenge?

D. Why does financial literacy matter so much in our society?

E. Rich people are generally better educated on financial management.

F. Besides, these people have more than double the wealth of people who don’t.

G. For example, they frequently make late credit card payments, overspend their credit limit, etc.

B

Much meaning can be conveyed clearly with our eyes, so it is often said that eyes can speak.

Do you have such kind of experience?   6  , but not too long. And if he is sensing that he is being stared at, he may feel uncomfortable.

  7  . If you are looked at for more than necessary, you will look at yourself up and down to see if there is anything wrong with you. If nothing goes wrong, you will feel angry toward others’ stares with you that way. Eyes do speak, right?

  8  . But things are different when it comes to staring at the opposite sex. If a man glances at a woman for more than 10 seconds, his intentions are obvious, that is, he wishes to attract her attention to make her understand that he is admiring her. In fact, continuous eye contact occurs between lovers only, who will enjoy looking at each other tenderly for a long time to show affection that words cannot express.

However, the normal eye contact for two people engaged in conversation is that the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener is attentive.   9  , as if he tries to control you, you will feel uncomfortable. A poor liar usually exposes himself by looking too long at the victim, since he believes in the false idea that to look straight in the eye is a sign of honest communication.   10  .

Evidently, eye contact should be done according to the relationship between two people and the specific situation.

A. Quite the contrary

B. The same is in daily life

C. In a bus you may look at a stranger

D. Looking too long at someone may seem to be rude

E. This shows the listener is interested in your speech

F. If a speaker looks at you continuously when speaking

G. Sometimes it doesn’t matter to look at someone too long

C

Politeness is the practical application of good manners, the goal of which is to make all of the parties relaxed and comfortable. It’s a flexible management of words and actions, by which we make other people have a better opinion of us and themselves. It seeks to build a positive relationship.   11  .

However, in the rush of daily life being polite is social behavior that we find rare nowadays.   12   They don’t even take the time to look around. This has led to the loss of simple social rules some might take for granted and that are particularly powerful.

  13  , people become less and less attentive to others’ feelings, for human interaction(互动) is almost lost. Take for instance the rudeness we tolerate when a person is looking at his phone when talking to us.

Being polite is not just a simple social elegance.   14  . These days “Please” and “Thank You” are forgotten. And not many people are aware that these two simple words can easily open or close any door to us. Unfortunately, they often forget to say these words.

Hope is not lost. There are many ways we can improve our behavior to achieve skills in politeness. There are simple things we can do to be considered as a polite and well-mannered person.   15  , they will respect you back. Just make a change in our behavior to start. Use simple words like “Excuse me”, “Please”, and “Thank you” every day. Be kind to receive kindness. Care and politeness will get you far in all aspects of life.

A. As technology progresses

B. People have become more self-absorbed

C. As long as you show your politeness for people

D. Since for many people being polite remains a challenge

E. Many languages have specific means to show politeness

F. It aims to respect a person’s need to be liked and understood

G. It’s also about being kind, caring and respectful to another person

A

【答案】BDFGA

【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了金融教育意识的困境。今天的大多数年轻人都会把它看作是某些特定的人在金融界谋生的必要条件。实际上，基础金融教育是所有人的必修课。

1.上文提示：提到金融教育，今天的大多数年轻人都会把它看作是某些特定的人在金融界谋生的必要条件。下文提示：实际上，基础金融教育是所有人的必修课。故B项（然而，他们忽略了一个重要的问题。）串联上下文，符合题意。故选B。

2.根据下文“The explanation goes as follows”可知，此句是对一个问题的解释；再分析本段可知，本段主要讲述了金融知识对我们社会的重要性。故D项（为什么金融知识对我们的社会如此重要？）适合做本段主旨句。故选D。

3.根据上文“Researchers on this subject say people with a high degree of financial literacy are more likely to plan for their retirement.”可知，受金融教育程度高的人更有可能为退休做打算，这说的是受金融教育程度高的人的一个特点，F项（此外，这些人的财富是那些没有金融知识的人的两倍多。）是其另外一个特点。故F项是对上文的补充说明，符合题意。故选F。

4.根据上文“Thus, the cost of this financial ignorance is very high.”可知，这种对于金融知识一窍不通的代价是非常高的。故G项（例如，他们经常延迟信用卡付款、超支信用额度等）是对上文的具体说明，符合题意。故选G。

5.根据上文“What is the solution?”可知，空格处应是对以上问题的解决办法，以及根据下文“Like reading and math, financial education must become part of the core curriculum in our schools.”可知，金融教育必须成为我们学校核心课程的一部分。故A项（金融教育必须及早开始。）承接上下文，符合题意。故选A。

B

【答案】CBDFA

【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了许多含义可以通过我们的眼睛清楚地传达，所以人们常说眼睛会说话。作者列举了一些例子，来说明眼神交流应该根据两个人之间的关系和具体情况来进行。

6.根据上文“Do you have such kind of experience?”和下文“but not too long. And if he is sensing that he is being stared at, he may feel uncomfortable.”（但不要太久。如果他感觉到有人盯着他看，他可能会感觉不自在。）可知该空承上启下，C选项（在公共汽车上，你可能会看着一个陌生人）切题，故选C。

7.根据下文“If you are looked at for more than necessary, you will look at yourself up and down to see if there is anything wrong with you.”（如果你被过多地审视，你会不由自主上下打量自己，看看自己是否有什么问题。）该空引出下文，是日常生活中常有的事。B选项（日常生活也是如此）切题，故选B。

8.根据下文“But things are different when it comes to staring at the opposite sex.”（但当你盯着异性看时，情况就不一样了。）可知，该空引出下文，与下文形成转折，D选项（盯着别人看太久似乎不礼貌）切题，故选D。

9.下文“as if he tries to control you, you will feel uncomfortable.”（就好像他试图控制你，你会感到不舒服。）可知，该空引出下文，F选项（如果说话的人一直看着你）切题，故选F。

10.根据上文“A poor liar usually exposes himself by looking too long at the victim, since he believes in the false idea that to look straight in the eye is a sign of honest communication.”（一个不会说谎的人通常会因为长时间盯着对方而暴露自己，因为他相信直视对方的眼睛是诚实交流的一种错误观念。）可知，A选项（恰恰相反）切题，故选A。

C

【答案】FBAGC

【解析】这是一篇议论文。礼貌是良好礼仪的表现，但是随着生活节奏的加快人们对礼貌似乎有所忘却，也能够容忍不礼貌的行为。礼貌用语虽小，但能够在很多方面影响我们的生活。

11.该空上句提到礼仪有助于建立积极的人际关系。F项（礼仪的目的是尊重一个人被爱和被理解的需要）与上句承接自然，且两句在句式结构上相同。故选F项。

12.该空下句提到人们甚至不愿意花时间观察周围事物。B项（人们变得更加以自我为中心，更加自恋）与下句联系紧密，不愿花时间看周围是人们以自我为中心的一种表现形式。故选B项。

13.该空下句提到人们变得越来越不关心礼仪。A项（随着科技的进步）在语境上和下句联系紧密。且越来越不关心和随着科学发展都表现出动作的渐变，在逻辑上也能很好的衔接。故选A项。

14.该空上句提到礼貌不仅仅是简单的社会礼仪。G项（它也关乎对人友善，关爱和尊重他人）和上句是递进关系，尤其通过上句的not just和本句的also可以看出两句联系紧密。故选G项。

15.该空下句提到他们也会尊重你。C项（只要你尊重他人）和下句构成条件状语从句，且句该主从句的意义符合逻辑关系和文意。故选C项。