(新高考)高考英语二轮复习课时精炼考向16 主谓一致(2份打包，解析版+原卷版)

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考向16 主谓一致
高考主谓一致的知识结构
一致原则
考点详解
例句
语法一致
1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。
His father is working on the farm.
To study English well is not easy.
What he said is very important for us all.
The children were in the classroom two hours ago.
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
2. 由连接词and或both …… and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。
Lucy and Lily are twins.
She and I are classmates.
The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news.
Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
3. 主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with，together with，except，but，like，as well as，rather than，more than，no less than， besides，including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。
Mr. Green，together with his wife and children，has come to China.
Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.
She，like you and Tom，is very tall.
4. either，neither，each，every 或no +单数名词和由some，any，no，every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。
Each of us has a new book.
Everything around us is matter.
5. 在定语从句中，关系代词that，who， which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
He is one of my friends who are working hard.
He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。
Class Four is on the third floor.
Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.
注：people，police，cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child.
7. 由＂a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the rest of，the majority of +名词＂构成的短语以及由＂分数或百分数+名词＂构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。
There are a lot of people in the classroom. The rest of the lecture is wonderful.
50% of the students in our class are girls.
注：a number of 与the number of的区别
8. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
There comes the bus.
On the wall are many pictures.
Such is the result. Such are the facts.

逻辑一致
1. what， who， which， any， more， all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。
Which is your bag？Which are your bags？
All is going well. All have gone to Beijing.
2. 表示＂时间、重量、长度、价值＂等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。
Thirty minutes is enough for the work.
Ten miles is too long.
3. 若主语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。
＂The Arabian Nights＂ is an interesting storybook.
4. 表数量的短语＂one and a half＂后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式。
One and a half apples is left on the table.

一致原则
考点详解
例句
逻辑一致
5. 算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。
Twelve plus eight is twenty.
Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.
6. 一些学科名词是以 –ics 结尾，如：mathematics，politics，physics 以及news， works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
The paper works was built in 1990.
I think physics isn‘t easy to study.
7. trousers， glasses， clothes， shoes，jeans 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a（the） pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
My glasses are broken.
The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 
8. ＂定冠词the + 形容词或分词＂，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。
The old are taken good care of.
9. a (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词, 作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
A large quantity of people is needed here.
注意：quantities一般用复数。
Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.
10. a great deal of, a large amount of 修饰不可数名词, 作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数; large amounts of 修饰不可数名词, 作主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数。
A large amount of (A great deal of) damage was done in a very short time.
Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.
就近一致
1. 当两个主语由either … or， neither … nor，whether … or …，not only …but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。
Either the teacher or the students are our friends.
Neither they nor he is wholly right.
2. there be句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。
There are two chairs and a desk in the room.
Here引导的句子用法同上。
如：Here is a map and a handbook for you.
一、语法一致
语法一致：就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1. 　单数n.，不可数n.,　不定式，动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数。
☛His father is working on the farm.
☛ Time is money.
☛ To finish all the work on time is impossible.
☛Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
☛The children are in the classroom 2 hours ago.
◆由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多用单数但如果表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的
并列结构时，谓语动词用复数。
　 ☛What I bought were 3 English books.
☛What I say and do are helpful to you.
2. 由and 或both...and 连接起来的合成主语后面谓语动词用复数。
　 ☛Lucy and Lily are twins.
☛She and I are friends.
☛Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
◆如果and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就用单数。
☛The writer and artist has come.
◆由and 连接的并列单数主语前分别有each, every, no more than a(an), many a(an)修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
　 ☛Every student and every teacher was in the room.
☛No boy and no girl likes it.
3. 主语后面有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides,
including等引起的短语时，谓语动词的单复数由主语的单复数决定。
☛Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.
☛Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.　
☛She, like you and Tom, is very tall.
4. either, neither, each, every或no+单数neither/neither/none of ＋复数名词，还有some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
　☛Each of us has a new book.
☛Everything around us is matter.
　☛Neither of the texts is interesting.
None of us has been to South Africa.
5. 定语从句中，关系代词that, which, who 作主语时，谓语动词的数和先行词一致。
　☛He is one of my students who are working hard.
☛He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
【典例分析】
1.（2018·新课标卷I·语法填空）While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 than walking, cycling or swimming.
【答案】is
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时，且主语是it，表示单数概念。故填is。
2. He is one of the most selfish men that _______ ever lived; that’s why hardly _______ making friends with him.
A. has；anyone likes B. have；does anyone like
C. has；no one likes D. have；anyone likes
【答案】D
【解析】考查主谓一致。that引导的定语从句修饰的是名词复数men，因此定语从句的谓语动词应用have。第一个空考查的是定语从句中谓语动词的单复数，one of+复数名词+关系代词+复数动词，因此第一个空用have；后半句译为＂那就是几乎没有任何人和他交朋友的原因＂，hardly表示＂几乎不＂，根据句意，后面应是肯定句，故排除C项；hardly作为否定副词放在句首时，句子才使用倒装语序，因此排除B项。故选D项。
6. 集体名词family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等，指整体时，用单数；指集体的成员时，用复数。
☛His family is a happy one.
　☛The whole family are watching TV.
　☛The population of China is 1400 million.(人口)
　☛One third of the population here are workers.(人)
◆people, cattle, police作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
7. 由a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of ＋名词，或者是分数/百分数＋名词构成的短语作主
语，谓语动词的数由名词的单复数决定。
☛The rest of the lecture is wonderful.
☛A lot of time is wasted.
☛A lot of people take part in the meeting.
☛2/3 water is drunk by him.
☛2/3 students are absent.
8. 倒装句中，谓语v.的数与其后的主语一致。
　☛On the wall are many pictures.
☛Such is the result.
☛Such are the facts.
【典例分析】
（2018· 浙江卷· 语法填空）Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese
56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.
【答案】dishes
【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。
二、意义一致原则
1. 表示时间、度量、长度、价值等的复数名词作主语，因为其在概念上是一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
　☛Twenty minutes is enough for the work.
☛One hundred dollars is stolen from the ATM.
2. 如果是书名，片名，格言，剧名，报名，国名等的复数形式作主语，谓语动词用单数。
　☛The Arabian Nights is an interesting story book.
one and a half ＋复数n.，谓语动词用单数。
　☛One and a half apples is left on the table.
3. 算是中表示数目通常用单数（加减乘除）
4. 表示学科的以-ics结尾的名词作主语，用单数。
　☛Physics is an important subject in middle schools.
☛Mathematics is the study of numbers.
☛Politics, economics, athletics等。
5. 复数形式的单复数同形的名词作主语，意义一致。
☛The glass works was built up in 1980.
☛These glass works are near the railway station.
6. 由两部分组成的名词，trousers, glasses, shorts, scissors等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。a pair of等量词时，
视情况而定。
7. The ＋ adj. 表示一类人，作主语时用复数。
　 ☛The young are usually very active.
☛The old are lonely.
三、就近一致原则
就近一致：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
1. 当两个主语由either … or， neither … nor，whether … or …，not only …but also连接时，谓语动词和邻
近的主语一致。
☛Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.
他的父母和我都不能说服他改变注意。
2. there be句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个
主语保持一致。
☛There are two pens，a book and three pencils on the desk. 书桌上有两支钢笔，一本书和三支铅笔。
☛There is a book，two pens and three pencils on the desk.  书桌上有一本书，两支钢笔和三支铅笔。 
3. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
☛Here is a map and a handbook for you. 这是一张你的地图和一本手册。
Such are the facts. 事实就是如此。
4. 就远原则：谓语动词与前面主语一致。
主语后面接连接性短语时，这种结构并不影响主语和谓语的关系，即谓语动词的数与主语的数保持一致。此类连接性短语有as well as，as much as，along with，with，like，rather than， together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等。
☛Your sister as well as your parents is very kind to me.你姐姐和你父母一样，对我很好。
☛She，like you and betty，is very clever.像你和betty一样，她也很聪明。 
【典例分析】
The father as well as his three children ___________ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.
A. is going B.go C.goes D.are going
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：在冬天的每个星期天下午，这位父亲和他的三个孩子都去结冰的河面上滑冰。当 as well as 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数应与as well as前面的名词或代词保持一致。本题的谓语动词应与The father保持一致，用单数形式；由时间状语 every Sunday afternoon可知，本句应用一般现在时。故选C项。
四、 ＂名词+介词短语＂作主语
名词或代词后接as well as，with，along with，together with，except，but等短语作主语时，谓语动词的形式应和介词短语前的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。
☛She as well as other students likes playing computer games. 她和其他学生都喜欢玩电脑游戏。
☛He with his parents is working in the fields. 他正和他的父母在地里干活。
☛Nobody but you and me knows it. 除了你和我，没人知道。
五、不定代词作主语
1. 当作主语的名词前有each，neither，either，every修饰或each，neither，either作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
☛Each student has a book. 每一个学生都有一本书。
☛Either answer is correct. 两个答案都是正确的。
☛Neither parent is with him. 他的父母都没有和他在一起。
☛Every minute is important to us. 每一分钟对大家都很重要。
2. 当复合不定代词someone，anyone，somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody，something，anything，nothing，everything等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
☛Somebody is waiting for you outside. 有人在外面等你。
☛Is everybody here today? 今天大家都到了吗?
☛Something is wrong with my watch. 我的手表出故障了。
☛Nobody was away yesterday. 昨天没有人离开。
【典例分析】
All we need ___________ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
A. are B. was C. is D. were
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致及时态用法。句中的主语为代词all，代指的是物，故谓语动词用单数形式。再根据从句中的can可以判断用一般现在时。句意：我们所需要的是一小块土地，在整个一年的生长季节，我们能够种各种不同的水果树。故C正确。
六、特殊名词作主语
1. 国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时，即使其形式上是复数，谓语动词也要用单数。
☛The United States lies to the east of China. 美国在中国的东方。(国名)
☛Engels was good at learning foreign languages. 恩格斯擅长学外语。(人名)
2. ＂the+形容词＂作主语时，表示某类人，谓语动词用复数。
☛The sick are taken good care of. 病人得到很好的照顾。
☛The old are supposed to be spoken to politely. 跟老人讲话要有礼貌。
3. 以-s结尾的学科名词，如maths，physics，politics等和以-s结尾的抽象名词，如news，plastics等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。
☛Physics is very difficult for me to learn. 物理对我来讲很难学。
☛The news was very exciting. 这条新闻十分激动人心。
4. 单复数形式相同的名词，如Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词前的修饰语来确定。
☛A Chinese wants to see you. 一个中国人想见你。
☛Ten sheep are eating grass there. 那边有10只绵羊在吃草。
【注意】Chinese，Japanese，English等前加the表示一国人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The Chinese speak Chinese. 中国人说汉语。
七、表数量概念的词或短语作主语
1. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
☛Ten years has passed quickly. 10年很快就过去了。
☛Ten dollars is enough. 10美元就够了。
☛100 kilometers is a long way. 100千米是一段很长的路。
2. 加减乘除运算中的谓语动词用单数，其中加法与乘法也可用复数。
☛Two and two is/are four. 2加2等于4。
☛Six times one is/are six. 6乘以1等于6。
3. ＂many a/more than one+单数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
☛There is more than one answer. 有不止一个答案。
☛Many a student has passed the exam. 许多学生通过了考试。
4. ＂one and a half+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语用单数。
☛One and a half days is all I can spare. 一天半是我所能支配的全部时间。
☛One and a half pears is left on the plate. 一个半梨被留在盘子里。
5. the rest of... 短语作主语时，如果of后接复数名词，谓语用复数；如果of后接不可数名词，谓语用单数。
☛The rest of the bikes are on sale. 余下的自行车降价出售。
☛The rest of the bread is gone. 剩余的面包不见了。
6. ＂none of+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。
☛None of the dogs was/were there. 那儿没有狗。
7.＂a number of+名词复数＂表示＂许多/大量的……＂，其后的谓语动词用复数；＂the number of+名词复
数＂表示＂……的数量＂，其中心词为number，故谓语动词用单数。
☛A number of farmers are standing over there. 许多农民站在那边。
☛The number of the students in this school has reached over 2，000.
这所学校的学生数量已达到2000多人。
8. ＂a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词＂作主语，谓语动词由of后的名词来确定。如果of后是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；如果of后是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。
☛A lot of time is needed. 需要大量的时间。
☛Plenty of workers are working. 许多工人在工作。
八、动名词、不定式和从句作主语
动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数。
☛Doing morning exercises is good for your body. 做早操对你的身体有益。
☛To play with fire near a gas station is very dangerous. 在加油站附近玩火很危险。
☛What he said at the meeting is very important. 他在会上的发言很重要。
【典例分析】
The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________ around $8，450 a year, which ________ a burden for some of them.
A. are；is B. are；are C. is；are D. is；is
【答案】A　
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：那所大学估计，对国际学生来说，一年的生活开销大约是8450美元，这对他们中某些学生来说是一个负担。第一空的主语是living expenses，是复数，因此谓语动词用复数；第二空的主语是which，指代的是前面整个句子，因此谓语动词用单数。
【巧学妙记】
主谓一致记忆口诀
单单复复最常见，集体名词谓用单。
如若强调其成员，复数谓语记心间。
有些名词谓常复，people、police即这般。
主语单数后接介，谓语单数介无关。
many a作主语也如此，谓语动词应用单。
or、nor、but also、there be，近主原则挂嘴边。
关系代词定主语，谓语根据先行词判。
不定式短语、动名词，主语从句谓全单。
时间、货币与距离，谓语多单复少见，
rest，means，following等，意义决定其复、单。
none，all，half of等，of之宾语定答案。
还有分数、百分数，仍据of之宾定复、单。
代词all指人谓复数，all指事情谓用单。
量词用法请注意，谓语要随量词变。
and连接两名词，身兼两职一定冠。
no，each，every后单名，两种事物一概念。
以上情况请记清，谓语动词全用单。
形容词带the一类人，姓氏复数加定冠，
-s结尾的海峡、山脉与群岛，谓语用复勿用单。
代词neither，either，each，用作主语谓全单。


【检测训练】

1. Large quantities of information, as well as timely help________ to us over the past 2 years.
A. have been offered B. has been offered
C. was offered D. had been offered
2. At that time ________two important players ________a big problem for Lang Ping.
A. to lose; is B. losing; was
C. lose; was D. losing; is
3. Now Mr. Lee, along with all his students, ________ discussing Reading Skills which was newly published in America.
A. is B. are C. have been D. had been
4. The famous musician , as well as his students________ to perform at the opening ceremony last year.
A. were invited B. was invited C. have been invited D. has been invited
5. Mr. Wang was the only one of the most ________ teachers who ________ praised on Teachers' Day.
A. inspiring; was B. inspired; was C. inspiring; were D. inspired; were
6. Many a quarrel ________ through a misunderstanding.
A. has come across B. has come about C. have come out D. have come up
7. -When is Jack going to finish writing that essay?
I don't know. He _______ day in and day out
A. has been working B. has worked
C. had been working D. was working
8. It ____ Madame Curie and his husband Pierre who discovered radium.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
9. _________your teacher _____ from them very often? Certainly.
A. Do, hear B. Does, hear C. Do, receive D. Does. receive
10. Which teacher _________ lessons to you every day?
A. does gives B. does give C. do give D. gives
11. I feel it is you as well as your wife that ______ for your son's bad performance at school.
A. are to blame B. is to be blamed
C. are to be blamed D. is to blame
12. Have you read all the information that this case?
A. relate B. relate to C. relates to D. relates
13. Sitting over there was the student who they thought __________ to speak at the opening ceremony.
A. selected B. selecting C. was selected D. selects
14. Among those presents _____ an iPad that his father gave him for his birthday.
A. have included B. is included C. has included D. are included
15. The publication of Great Expectations, which ______ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’s status as a leading novelist.
A. have been B. were C. was D. will be
16. —How much do you know about Nolan’s’ new film to be released next month?
—Well. the Movie Channel ________ it in a variety of forms.
A. covers B. covered C. has covered D. will cover
17. The evidence suggests that single fathers ____ more likely to work than single mothers.
A. should be B. are C. \ D. be
18. How to protect children from unsuitable material on some websites while encouraging them to use the Internet __________ in many areas of the world.
A. have long been discussed B. has long been discussed
C. were long been discussed D. was long been discussed
19. This is one of the largest factories been rebuilt since last year.
A. which have B. that have C. which has D. that has
20. The number of people in the world ________ about 6 billion and large quantities of waste _______ each year.
A. total; has been produced B. totals; is produced
C. totals; are produced D. total; are being produced
21. Generally speaking, tiredness _____ directly ______ a driver’s response time.
A. is; relate to B. is; related to C. be; relating to D. be; related to
22. Over the past decade, the number of Monarch butterflies _____________ significantly.
A. has fallen B. fell C. is falling D. have fallen
23. The book with cartoons in them __________ intended for children aged 2-8.
A. have been B. is C. are D. were
24. The newly-published novel is so popular that more than one copy sold out.
A. have been B. has been C. have D. are
25. We travelled in Europe and visited some caves that early Viking times in about
800 A. D.
A. date back to B. are dated back to C. were dated from D. dating from
26. As we know, two thirds of the earth _________ covered with water..
A. are B. was C. is D. were
27. Zhong Nanshan, as well as three other outstanding medical workers,__________the highest honor of our country last month.
A. are awarded B. is awarded C. were awarded D. was awarded
28. The proposal that smart devices should carry security labels was introduced a voluntary basis at first, which _______the research findings that these devices were able to put consumers' privacy and security at risk.
A. on, based on B. by, based on
C. on, was based on D. by, was based on
29. At the foot of the mountain____________a family,________members make a living by raising cattle and sheep.
A. lives, its B. lives, whose C. live, where D. live, whose
30. Meat _______ out in this shop. We can _________ now.
A. have been sold, get nothing B. has been sold, get nothing
C. has been sold, get some D. have been sold, get some
31. Officials say that few patients ____with the COVID-19 owing to the effective prevention.
A. infected B. have infected C. be infected D. are infected
32. The church tower which __________ now will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.
A. has built B. has been built C. is building D. is being built
33. Visitors have no access ______ the remains of the building that _______ being studied by the archaeologists.
A. to; was B. of; was C. of; were D. to; were
34. Large quantities of money _________ spent on the project so far; it is enough.
A. is B. were C. has been D. have been
35. It is you rather than Lucy who________for the accident.
A. is to blame B. is to be blamed
C. should blame D. are to blame
36. ________nothing to do with us.
A. What she did have B. What she did is
C. What did she do has D. What she has done has
37. A lot of new wooden furniture, as well as some latest household appliances, ________ by the Smiths for their new house a week ago.
A. has been bought B. have been bought
C. was bought D. were bought
38. There________a girl and two boys waiting for you since this morning.
A. was B. were C. has been D. have been
39. According to doctors, three hours of outdoor exercise a week good for health.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
40. When and how to restore daily life______yet.
A. has not been decided B. are not decided C. is not decided D. have not decided
41. I, who______your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
42. Nothing but several glasses______bought by my father the day before yesterday.
A. have been B. were C. was D. would be
43. There _______ a series of creative inventions that are being exhibited in the centre.
A. was B. were C. are D. is
44. （2014·湖南）All we need _________ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
A. are B. was
C. is D. were
45. At the foot of the hill ________ a big lake surrounded by trees.
A. lays B. is laying C. lies D. is lying
46. —Tomorrow you'll go to your new school to study.
—Yes, a new term I am looking forward ________.
A. to arriving B. to arrive C. to arrives D. arrives
47. All the facts in California’s record-breaking heatwave suggest that the wildfires to the brutally hot temperature, so it’s suggested that people with health problem carefully.
A. were linked; are taken care of B. be linked; be taken care of
C. should be linked; are attended to D. were linked; be attended to
48. It's reported that a large number of people ________ been killed and the number _______added up to nearly 70,000.
A. has; has B. have; have
C. has; have D. have; has
49. The doctor suggested that she _______ in bed, while her smiling face suggested there ______ nothing serious.
A. stay; was B. stayed; was C. stayed; be D. stay; be
50. We live day by day,but in the great things,the time of days and weeks_______so small that a day is unimportant.
A. is B. are
C. has been D. have been