(新高考)高考英语二轮复习课时精炼考向04 介词(2份打包，解析版+原卷版)

这是一份(新高考)高考英语二轮复习课时精炼考向04 介词(2份打包，解析版+原卷版)，文件包含新高考高考英语二轮复习课时精炼考向04介词解析版doc、新高考高考英语二轮复习课时精炼考向04介词原卷版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共37页， 欢迎下载使用。
考向04 介词
【命题解读】
介词在英语中比较活跃，然而在高考中直接考查介词的题不是很多，但是介词却是考生最容易犯错误的语法项目之一。
【命题预测】
高考对介词的考查将不再局限于单个介词，将会更加注重对介词固定搭配中的介词的考查，精细化考查介词短语的辨析。在学习介词时，应重点掌握介词的基本用法，同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。
【复习建议】
1. 掌握介词的常见用法及易混介词的辨析；
2. 掌握介词与其他词所构成的一些固定短语；
3. 掌握在定语从句中介词的使用情况。
介词的分类
分类
特点
例词
简单介词
即一个介词
about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on等等。
合成介词
由两个介词构成合成词
into, onto, throughout, upon, within
短语介词
由短语构成
according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to等等。
双重介词
由两个介词搭配而成
from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between等等。
分词介词
由现在分词转化而来
considering(就……而论), including，regarding，concerning等。
兼类介词
由形容词直接转化而来
like, unlike, near, next, opposite等等。
考向① 介词短语的功能
介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。
介词短语的功能
例 句
作定语
They didn’t find the solution to the problem.
作状语
We have breakfast at seven.（表时间）
They were late for the meeting because of the heavy rain.（表原因）
What do you mean by doing such a thing?（表方法）
Nothing in the world could live without air or water.（表条件）
作表语
When I paid a visit to you yesterday, you were not at home.
作宾语补足语
I found the old building in a bad condition.
考向② 常考介词的辨析
介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，使用频率相当高，其用法跟冠词一样复杂。但根据近年来高考命题的情况来看，考生需要掌握以下内容。
1.表示相同或相似概念的介词（短语）的区别
表示的概念
介词（短语）
区 别
例
时间
in
on
at
at在一个时间点上；
in在一段的时间之内；
on在具体日子。
①at 8 o’clock, at noon
②in the 1990s, in January
③on Monday, on a warm morning
since
from
since 指从过去到现在的一段时间，和完成时连用；
from指从时间的某一点开始。
①We have not seen each other since 1995.
②I hope to do morning exercises from today.
in,
after
in指在一段时间之后，也可以指一段时间之内=within；
after表示某一具体时间点之后或用在过去时的一段时间中。
①We’ll be back in three days.
②After seven the rain began to fall.
③What shall we do after graduation?
in the end
at the end of
by the end of
in the end作＂最后＂、＂终于＂解，单独作句子成分，后不接介词of；at the end of 表示＂在……末梢＂，＂到……尽头＂，既可指时间，也可以指地上或物体，不可单独使用；by the end of 作
＂在……结束时＂，
＂到……末为止＂解，只能指时间。不可单独使用。
①In the end they reached a place of safety.
②At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden.
③They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week.
④By the end of last month he had finished the novel.
位置
between
among
一般说来，between表示两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间。
①You are to sit between your father and me.
②He is always happy among his classmates.
注意：但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，
强调的是两两相互间接关系时、在谈到一些事物或一组事物，而把它们视为分居两边时以及在谈事物间的差别时，就用between。
①Agreements were made between the
different countries.
②The little valley lies between high
mountains.
③They don’t know the difference between wheat, rice and coin.
in
on
to
in表示在某范围内；
on指与什么毗邻；
to指在某环境范围之外。
①Changchun is in the northeast of China.
②Mongolia is on the north of China.
③Japan is to the east of China.
on
in
on只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。
①There is a book on the piece of paper. ②There is an interesting article in the
newspaper.
③ He dug a hole in the wall.
in
into
in通常表示位置（静态）；
into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置。
①We walked in the park.
②We walked into the park.
through
across
through表示从内部通过，与in 有关；across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过，与on有关。
①Water flows through the pipe.
②The old man walked across the street.
in the corner
on the corner
at the corner
in the corner 表示在角落里，in指角的内面；on the corner表示＂在角上＂，on指的不是内面，也不是外面，而含内外兼有之意；at the corner指＂在拐角处＂，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。
①The lamp stands in the corner of the room.
②I met with him at the street corner.
③He sat on the corner of the table.
除了
besides
except
but
except for
besides指＂除了……还有，再加上＂；except指＂除了，减去什么＂，不能放在句首。but 与except意思近似，表示＂除了……外＂经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑问词后面。except for表示＂如无……就，只是＂表明理由细节。
①All went out besides me.
②All went out except me.
③I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.
④His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
表示的概念
构成
例
动作（表进行概念、表被动的关系）
at+名词
at dinner/table在吃饭 at work在工作 at war交战
at cards 在玩牌            at work 在办公 at play  在玩耍     
at rest在休息        school在上学       at press正在排印
at church在做礼拜
beyond+名词
beyond belief难以置信   beyond control不听管教。
beyond compare无可比拟 beyond description难以形容
beyond expression无法表达 beyond suspicion无可怀疑
in+名词
或in +名词+of+名词
in the army在当兵 in need of需要 in action在运转
in progress在进行 in operation在运行中 in use 开始使用
in sight看得见 in store贮藏着
in course of construction正在兴建当中。
in (good) repair维修良好的
in course of shipment. 定的货正在运输途中。
in charge of 负责                             in the charge of 由……负责
in possession of 拥有                      in the possession of 被……拥有
on+名词
on business办事/出差 on holiday/vacation/leave在休假
on watch值班 on duty值勤/日
on guard在值勤 on strike在罢工
on sale出售 on loan借贷
on the march在行军 on trial在试用
on the air在广播　　 on fire在燃烧
on the move 在移动，搬迁，离开
on show/display/ exhibition在展出
under+名词
under control在控制之中 under discussion在讨论
underdevelopment在发展中 under observation在观察中
under test在被测试 under construction在建设中
under fire在炮火中        under examination在检查/调查中
under consideration在考虑中 under repair在修理中
under arrest被逮捕 under attack受到袭击
under medical treatment在治疗中 under study在研究中
其他
against one’s opinion反对某人的见解
for one’s opinion同意某人的见解
above reproach无可指责，无可非议
above suspicion不受怀疑
above criticism无可指责
at the mercy of在……支配下；任由……摆布
for sale供出售 for rent供出租 within sight看得见
【典例示例】
1.（2020·江苏卷·单项填空）Taking on this challenge will bring you _____ someone who shares your interests.
A.in exchange for B.in answer to C.in contact with D.in memory of
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:接受这个挑战会让你和你有共同兴趣的人接触。A. in exchange for作为交换；B. in answer to回答；C. in contact with接触，与……有联系；D. in memory of纪念。根据空后someone who shares your interests及常识可知，此处指“和与你有共同兴趣的人接触”。故选C。
2.（2020·天津卷·单项填空）For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake ______ a monkey.
A.in the shape of B.beyond the reach of
C.at the mercy of D.on the side of
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:我五岁生日的时候，妈妈给我烤了一个猴子形状的蛋糕。A. in the shape of呈……形状；B. beyond the reach of超出……的能力之外C. at the mercy of 受……的支配；D. on the side of拥护……，站在……的一边。蛋糕是猴子“形状”的。故选A。
3.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）Favorable policies are ___________ to encourage employees' professional development.
A. in effect B. in command C. in turn D. in shape
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语。句意：好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。A. in effect实际上；B. in command指挥；C. in turn轮流，依次；D. in shape在外形上，处于良好的状态。故选A。
4. （2019· 新课标I卷·语法填空）Modem methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform(perform) consistently over a large area.
【答案】of/for
【解析】考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of 连接，＂methods of doing sth.＂,意为＂……的方法＂，构成固定结构。或者意为＂对于跟踪北极熊的方法＂用for。故填of/for。
5.（2019·新课标I卷·语法填空）Scientists have responded by noting (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68 (high) than they actually are.
【答案】of/for
6.（2019·新课标III卷·语法填空）We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 63 dogs，seven to be exact.
【答案】of
【解析】考查介词。＂a pack of＂意为＂一群＂。故填of。
7.（2017·新课标卷I·　短文改错）At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, he agreed.
【答案】删除for
【解析】时间名词有every，each，last等词修饰时，其前不用介词。故删除for。
2. 常见同一形容词与不同介词搭配时意义上的差别
常见形容词
搭配
意义
absent
(be) absent from
缺席
(be) absent in
不在这里而在……
afraid
(be) afraid of
担心……
(be) afraid for
为……而担心
angry
(be) angry with sb.
对某人生气
(be) angry at/about sth.
因某事而生气
anxious
(be)anxious for sth
急于想得到
(be)anxious about sth./sb.
对某事/某人担心
different
(be) different from
与……不同
(be) different to
不关心
familiar
(be) familiar with
精通，熟悉
(be) familiar to
为……熟知（悉）
good
(be) good at
擅长于
(be) good for
对……有益
(be) good to
对……友好/态度好
popular
(be) popular with sb.
受……欢迎
(be) popular for
因……而流行
strict
(be) strict with sb.
对某人要求严格
(be) strict in sth.
对某事要求严格
3．容易混淆的含有介词固定搭配的词组
类 型
举 例
差一冠词，大相径庭
in front of（在……前面)——in the front of（在……前部）
in charge of（负责）——in the charge of（由……负责）
out of question（毫无疑问）——out of the question（不可能）
at table（在吃饭；在吃饭时）——at the table（在桌子旁边）
有无介词，意义不同
know sb.认识某人——know about sb.了解某人
shoot sb.击中某人——shoot at sb.向某人射击
search sb.搜身——search for sb.搜寻某人
believe sb.相信某人的话——believe in sb.信任某人的人格
benefit sb.使某人受益——benefit from sb.从某人那里得到益处
画蛇添足，误加介词
serve the people为人民服务（容易在serve后加for）
enter the room进入房间（容易在enter后加into）
follow me跟在我后面（容易在follow后加behind）
marry sb.与某人结婚（容易在marry后加with）
go abroad出国（容易在go后面加to）
live upstairs住在楼上（容易在live后面加 in）
母语思维，误用介词
be caught in the rain被雨淋着（不用by）
leave for some place动身去某地（不用to）
set an example to sb.为某人树立榜样（不用for）
in the direction朝着……方向（不用to）
do a favor for sb.帮某人一个忙（不用to）
different from和……不同（不用with）
with the help of在……的帮助下（不用under）
steal sth. from sb.偷某人的东西（不用of）
read sth. to sb.给（为）……读（念）……（不用for）
【难点释疑】
一、常用介词辨异
1. about，on，of 关于
①on多用于慎重的、正式的语言交际场合。常见于＂学术上＂的＂论文＂或＂演说＂等题目，可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读，有＂论及＂之意。
②about表示的内容多为普遍、不那么正式，有＂述及＂之意。
③of作＂关于＂讲，表示提及、涉及某人（事）时，只表示事情存在或发生，并不涉及详情；有时与about意义相近，但有时意义很不同，常与动词know、hear、learn（听说）、speak、talk、think、tell等连用。
2. except，except for，except that，but，besides，beside
①except＂除……之外＂，指不包括……，后面常接名词、代词（人称代词常用宾格），还可接介词短语、副词和动词不定式，此时相当于but，但不定式常不带to。
②except for＂除了，只有＂，意思和except一样，主要指说明基本情况后，而在细节上加以修正，后面常接名词性短语。
③except that＂除了，只是＂，意思和except、except for一样。但在用法上，其后常接名词性从句，也可接when、where等词引导的其他从句。
④but所含＂除……外＂的意思不如except明确。but多用在代词（主要是不定代词、否定代词和疑问代词）之后。
⑤besides表示＂除……外还有＂，所排除的事物常包括在所述范围之内。另外，besides可用作副词，相当于also，有＂而且，加之，何况＂之意。
⑥beside也是介词，表示＂在附近＂，只不过形似besides，容易相互混淆。
如果在区别前后有同类的词语时，就用except，否则就用except for。
3. including，included
①including是一个介词，意为＂包括＂，它一般放在包括对象的前面。
②included是一个过去分词，意为＂包括＂。它一般用于被动语态中，也可放在包括对象的后面。
4. in，later，during 都与时段名词搭配
①in作介词，同时段名词搭配，即＂in + 时段名词＂，一般用于将来时。
②later表示＂……以后＂，常同时段名词搭配，即＂时段名词 + later＂，常与过去时连用。
③during作介词时，同时段名词搭配，即＂during + 时段名词＂，常与现在时或将来时等连用。
5. in，with，by 用
①with通常指＂用＂具体的或有形的工具、器官等，有时也表示＂用＂某种手段、音调等。
②by作介词表示＂用＂时，一般指＂用＂方式、手段等。后面常接动名词或名词，后面接名词时，该名词前面一般不加修饰语。
③in指＂用＂语言、字体、墨水、体裁、风格、方式、现金、顺序等。
二、介词的省略
1. 当表示时间的词前有this，that，next，last，every，each，some，any，all等时，介词常省略。
Come any day you like. 你想哪天来就哪天来。
2. 表示时间的名词前有不定冠词，且不定冠词作＂每一……＂解时，前面不用介词。
An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 每天吃一个苹果，医生不找我。
3. 习惯搭配中介词的省略
一些常和动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常省略，常见的此类搭配有：spend money/time (in) doing sth，waste money/time (in) doing sth，have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth，be busy doing sth，stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth等。
三、介词不可遗漏的情况
1. 含有不及物动词的不定式在形容词easy，hard，difficult，comfortable等后作状语，且构成不定式的动词与句子的主语存在动宾关系或主语是不定式动作发生的地点时，介词不能遗漏。
The chair is comfortable to sit on/in. 这把椅子坐着舒服。
The man is difficult to work with. 这个人很难共事。
2. 当非谓语动词表示被动意义时，相关介词也不可省略。
The problem is well worth paying attention to. 这个问题很值得关注。
3. 在被动语态中，动词短语中的介词不能遗漏。
Your pronunciation should be paid attention to. 你应该注意你的发音。
4. 在定语从句中，当从句的谓语和先行词构成动宾关系且从句谓语为不及物动词时，必须加上介词。
The library which we often go to is not far away from our school. 我们经常去的那个图书馆离我们的学校不远。
5. 在too...to...，enough... to...，so... as to...等结构中，含有不及物动词的不定式作结果状语，构成不定式的动词为不及物动词，且该动词与主语构成动宾关系或主语为不定式动作发生的地点时，介词不能遗漏。
The ice is too thin to skate on. 冰太薄了，不能在上面滑。

【检测过关】
1. Some experts think, _____ genes, intelligence also depend on an adequate diet, a good education and a nice home environment.
A. instead of B. apart from C. except for D. far from
2. —I can’t find your sister, where is she?
—She’s gone away ________ the weekend.
A. in B. at C. for D. on
3. Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau says “an entire country is in shock and mourning” ______ a deadly bus crash in the province of Saskatchewan.
A. in the absence of B. in the wake of C. in the event of D. in the light of
4. We didn't travel much during the holiday, ______ because of the tight budget, but also because of the huge crowds.
A. in turn B. in vain C. in part D. in effect
5. _________the cultural differences, the film's advertising materials should have explained, in brief, the moral behind Ne Zha's story to make it more appealing to foreign audiences.
A. Considered B. Supposed C. Given D. Supposing
6. To our joy, the hotel itself can hold 70 guests and, ______, there are several self-cooking apartments.
A. in particular B. in the end C. in general D. in addition
7. The ride sharing service is only a trial in limited regions, and will continue to improve ______ feedback from the public.
A. in line with B. in contrast with C. in control of D. in favor of
8. A former tai chi world champion is teaching tai chi classes in New York _____ broadening the appeal of Chinese culture.
A. in place of B. in hope of . C. in praise of D. in case of
9. The last two decades has witnessed Macao's boom and stability ________ “one county, two systems”.
A. in anticipation of B. in sympathy with
C. on good terms with D. on the basis of
10. A new study shows that despite new technologies we keep using our old devices well even after they go .
A. out of order B. out of shape C. out of style D. out of business
11. the heroes sacrificing their lives for the country's glorious causes, red is chosen as the basic color of the national flag.
A. In regard to B. In proportion to
C. In salute to D. In response to
12. A range of green campaigns have been launched globally ____ the gravity of the climate crisis.
A. in contrast to B. in terms of C. in defence of. D. in response to
13. What astonished the public was that the murder case had been dismissed ______ any definite proof.
A. in the charge of B. in the absence of
C. in the possession of D. in the name of
14. Music treatment involves a specialist playing an instrument or singing _______ the patient’s mood.
A. by means of
B. on behalf of
C. on account of
D. in response to
15. I slipped into the professor's room quietly, on ______ wall there was a big slogan saying "Learn for a Stronger China".
A. where B. which
C. whose D. that
16. ________________ the heavy rain，the couple went to the supermarket to buy their son a gift.
A. In spite of B. Except for
C. But for D. Instead of
17. I am always delighted when receiving your invitation, ______ the party on June 9th after the national college entrance examination, I shall be pleased to attend.
A. On account of B. With regard to
C. In response to D. In view of
18. ________ your generous help, I do believe I have a better understanding of your country and culture.
A. But for B. Out of
C. Thanks to D. As to
19. You can't wear this yellow jacket ______________ that shirt; it'll look terrible.
A. on B. above
C. up D. over
20. Mary nearly missed the flight doing too much shopping.
A. in need of B. on top of
C. in front of D. as a result of
21. All children should get access to a high-quality education ________ their race, zip code or family income.
A. depending on B. regardless of
C. due to D. apart from
22. This is not an economical way to get more water; ________, it is very expensive.
A. worse still B. on the contrary
C. in short D. in addition
23. This was returned because the person ________ this letter was addressed had died three years ago.
A. to whom B. to which
C. which D. whom
24. In many countries in the world, breakfast is a snack ______ a meal, but the traditional English breakfast is a full meal.
A. less than B. more than
C. other than D. rather than
25. Music treatment involves a specialist playing an instrument or sing ________ the patient’s mood.
A. by means of B. with regard to
C. in response to D. on account of
26. After she became ill, I felt ______ with her—she was cheery while I felt gloomy.
A. out of tune B. out of breath C. out of curiosity D. out of mind
27. Having been treated in the hospital for as long as six months, the man injured in the car crash is now eventually back _______ his feet.
A. at B. in
C. on D. to
28. Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree ______ people view “volunteer” as an important social role.
A. by which B. to which C. in which D. from which
29. Maybe some of you are curious about what my life was like on the streets because I’ve never really talked about it ______.
A. in place B. in turn C. in force D. in depth
30. The flat is good value for money because not only did they sell it to me at a cheap price, but they threw in some old furniture _________.
A. at their command B. for good measure
C. beyond my reach D. beneath their dignity
31. According to the company’s rule, one’s payment is ______ the work done, not to the time spent doing it.
A. in proportion to B. in addition to
C. in contrast to D. in regard to
32. The steamboat was fully furnished with life preservers. The passengers might be saved __________ accidents.
A. in spite of B. instead of
C. in case of D. in place of
33. There is no reason to be disappointed. ________, this could be rather amusing.
A. Above all B. As a result
C. Apart from that D. As a matter of fact
34. The senior teacher always goes swimming and does push-ups to stay ________.
A. in place B. in order
C. in shape D. in fashion
35. Lucia impressed her peer students with her musical talent, as well as several foreign languages ______.
A. on her own B. under her control C. in her charge D. at her command
36. Friendship can never be a trade; ______, it needs the most thorough and unprofitable concept.
A. in addition B. by contrast C. in return D. by chance
37. When all is said and done, there doesn’t seem to be ________ a mystery to explain.
A. kind of B. close to
C. far from D. much of
38. Cambridge gave a positive answer inquiries on whether it recognizes gaokao scores.
A. in favor of B. in response to
C. in salute to D. in consequence of
39. What matters in life is working hard ________ hardly working.
A. as well as B. less than
C. rather than D. other than
40. The younger generation are raised in a more open environment, which has enabled them to develop____ their values in life.
A. in charge of B. in contrast to C. in exchange for D. in tune with
41. Some experts think, ________ genes, intelligence also depends on an adequate diet, a good education and a nice home environment.
A. instead of B. except for
C. apart from D. far from
42. Word came that 30 firefighters gave their lives to our country _______ national property security.
A. in exchange for B. in response to
C. in terms of D. in contrast with
43. I hope that we will be able to make it through the tough times and back to the business of working together ________ our common goals.
A. on behalf of B. in honor of C. on top of D. in search of
44. We have already discussed this plan _____, so next we should spare no effort to carry it out.
A. at length B. at random C. at ease D. at best
45. Most students study because it’s unavoidable. ________, there are students who actually enjoy it.
A. As a result B. In addition
C. In conclusion D. By contrast