热点07 状语从句分类对比-十年（2013—2022）高考英语热门考点梳理与变式练

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十年（2013—2022）高考英语热门考点梳理与变式练
热点07 状语从句分类对比及引导词用法

1. (2013﹒北京)I took my driving license with me on holiday, ______ I wanted to hire a car.
A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. if only
【答案】A
【解析】本题的解题关键是弄清“我带驾照”跟“租车之间”之间的逻辑关系，这样正确答案就很容易锁定了。句意为度假时我带了驾照，以防我要租车。
2.(2013﹒江苏)In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, ______ it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world.
A. whatever B. whoever C. wherever D. whichever
【答案】C
【解析】在状语从句_____ it is discovered中，不缺少任何主要成分，所以引导词只能在从句中作状语，只可以选择副词性质的，所以答案很明显，选C。
3.(2013﹒湖南)You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason _____ you reach any decision.
A. although B. before C. because D. unless
【答案】B
【解析】解题思路：理清逻辑关系。对比reach any decision 和consult your feelings and your reason关系，不难看出，兼顾好情感与理智在前，做任何决定在后。
4. (2013﹒上海)They promised to develop a software package by the end of this year, ______ they might have.
A. however difficult B. how difficult
C. whatever difficulty D. what difficulty
【答案】C
【解析】题干的意思是：“他们承诺，无论可能有什么困难，到今年底都要开发出一个软件包”。本题是一个主从复合句，由句意“无论”可知是让步状语从句，从而排除选项B，D。从句中的关键词是实义动词have，用还原法，可知是短语have difficulty，所以从句为whatever difficulty they might have。如果选B，则从句要改为：however difficult it might be。
5.(2013﹒上海)I cannot hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise _____ I am sitting.
A. before B. until C. unless D. where
【答案】D
【解析】本题四个选项都为常见状语从句引导词，A. before引导时间状语从句，“在……之前”；B. until引导时间状语从句，“直到……为止”；C. unless引导条件状语从句，“除非……，如果不……”；D. where引导地点状语从句，“在……的地方”。
6.(2013﹒天津) _____ small, the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.
A. As B. If C. Although D. Once
【答案】C
【解析】although做连词意为“尽管，虽然”，符合前后的让步的逻辑关系；实际上，本句省略了主语和系动词it is。
7.(2014﹒北京)________ the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year.
A.As B.When
C.Even though D.In case
【答案】C
【解析】句意：即使(尽管)那个森林公园很远，每年还是有很多人去参观。even though 意为“即使，尽管”，引导让步状语从句；in case引导目的状语从句。故选C。
8.(2014﹒江苏)Lessons can be learned to face the future, ________ history cannot be changed.
A.though B.As C.since D.unless
【答案】A　
【解析】句意：尽管历史不可能被改变，但是我们可以吸取教训来迎接未来。根据语境可知此处用though引导让步状语从句，故A项正确。
9.(2014﹒天津)________ you start eating in a healthier way, weight control will become much easier.
A. Unless B. Although C. Before D. Once
【答案】D　
【解析】unless 如果不，除非，引导条件状语从句；although虽然，尽管，引导让步状语从句；before 以前，引导时间状语从句；once一旦，引导时间状语从句。句意：一旦你开始用健康的方式吃饭，体重控制将会变得容易多了。
10.(2014﹒浙江)Cathy had quit her job when her son was born ________ she could stay home and raise her family.
A.now that B.as if C.only if D.so that
【答案】D　
【解析】句意：凯西在她儿子出生的时候就辞去了工作，这样她就能在家里照顾家人了。根据句意知，此处是so that引导的目的状语从句，同时由从句中的could也可以推断出应该选so that。now that既然；as if似乎；only if只要。
11. (2015﹒北京)You won’t find paper cutting difficult _____you keep practicing it.
A. even if B. as long as C .as if D. ever since
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析：句意：只要你不断练习，你不会觉得剪纸很难。A. even though即使，虽然;B. as long as只要；C. as if犹如，好像；D. ever since自从。结合句意，故选B。
12.(2015﹒北京) _____the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.
A. Until B. Unless C. Once D. Although
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析:句意:一旦农田被毁坏，将需要许多年的时间才能得以恢复。A unti1 译为到...为止，直到....才，...以前; B. unless译为如果不，除非; C. once译为一旦，一 经..... :便; D. although译为虽然，然而，尽管。结合句意，故选C
13.(2015﹒天津) We need to get to the root of the problem______ we can solve it.
A. while B. after C. before D. as
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析：句意：在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。A. while当……时候，而；B. after在……之后； C. before 在……之前；D. as正如。根据句意可知选C。
14.(2015﹒福建)_________the students came from different countries, they got along quite well in the summer camp.
A. While B. Unless C. Since D. Until
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析：考查连词辨析。这里是一个while引导的让步状语从句。A.while尽管（引导让步状语从句）；B.unless除非（通常用于条件状语从句）；C.since自从（引导时间状语从句）；D.until直到…才…（通常用在时间状语从句中）。结合句意：尽管学生都来自不同的国家，他们在夏令营里面都相处得很好。故选A
15.(2015﹒江苏)It is so cold that you can’t go outside _____ fully covered in thick clothes.
A. if B. unless C. once D. when
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析:句意:外面太冷了，你不要出去,除非用厚衣服完全裏起来。A项“如果”; B项“除非; C项“一旦”; D项....时候”。“unless fully covered”为连词+省略结构”，补充完整为“unless you are"。故选B项。“连词+省略结构省略了从句的主语(与主句主语一致)和主语后的动词be。考生应根据前后句意判断出前后逻辑关系，然后选择正确答案。同时,考生要注意归纳这类连词: when. while表示时间; if unless"表示条件”，once' 表示时间或条件; though although, even if(though)表示“ 让步”。
16.(2016﹒江苏)_____some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure.
A.Because B.If C.Unless D.While
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析:考查连词。连词because 因为，f如果; unless 除非，.如....... while尽管; 然而;当..时;句意:尽管- -些人被成功的渴望驱使着，但是其他人却被失败的恐惧驱使着前进。根据句意可知上下文之间存在转折关系，所以使用"while尽管.. ?”连接。故D项正确。
17.(2016﹒天津)______ the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.
A. Unless B. Until C. As D. While
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析:句意:随着人口平均年龄的增长，越来越多的老人要照顾。unless 除非; until 直到; as因为，正如，随着: while虽然，然而，当..... 时候。根据语境，故选C。
18.(2017﹒北京)______ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.
A. Once B. If C. Although D. Because
【答案】C
【解析】[解析]考查连词。句意:尽管鸟儿们用羽毛来飞翔,但是他们的一些羽毛还有其他用途，前后之间是让步关系，故选C。
19. (2017﹒北京)If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people _______ you figure it out.
A. because B. though C. until D. since
【答案】C
【解析】考查连词。句意：如果你无法理解某个东西，你可能会研究，学习和他人探讨直到你解决为止。根据句意可知选C。
20.(2017﹒江苏)Located _______ the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
A. why B. when C. which D. where
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析：考查状语从句。be located in+地点名词，位于/坐落某地，where引导的地点状语从句在此相当于in some place，故选D。句意：位于丝绸之路交汇处的江苏省将会对“一带一路”的建设做出更大的贡献。
21.(2018﹒北京)_________ we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
A. Although B. While C. If D. Until
【答案】C
【解析】[解析]考查状语从句。句意:如果我们不阻止气候变化,那么世界上的很多动植物都将会消失。动植物不灭绝的前提条件是阻止气候变化。although尽管;while...时候,尽管,然而;if如果;until直到。故C选项正确,
22.(2018﹒天津)Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend ___________they get sweet enough to be eaten.
A. ever since B. as if C. even though D. so that
【答案】D
【解析】[解析]考查连词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意:让我们这个周末再摘这些桃子，这样的话，它们吃起来就变得足够的甜。A. ever since自那时起; B. as if好像; C. even though尽管; D. so that以便。从句为目的状语从句，故用so that引导。故选D。
23.(2018﹒江苏)_______ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.
A. Once B. Unless
C. If D. When
【答案】B
【解析】考查连词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：除非你睡得好，否则一两个晚上之后，你会失去专注、计划和保持动力的能力。A. Once一旦；B. Unless除非；C. If如果；D. When当……时候。故选B。
24.(2019﹒江苏) The doctor shares his phone number with the patients __________ they need medical assistance.
A. if only B. as if C. even though D. in case
【答案】D
【解析】考查状语从句的连词。句意：医生给了病人他的手机号码，以防病人需要医疗援助。A. if only要是…多好；B. as if好像，仿佛；C. even though即使，尽管；D. in case以备，以防，免得。故选D。
25.(2019﹒天津) Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion _________ he wants their support.
A. since B. once C. unless D. after
【答案】C
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：汤姆是如此独立，以至于他从来不征求父母的意见，除非他想得到他们的支持。since因为；once一旦；unless除非；after在……之后，根据题意，故选C。
26.(2020﹒江苏)They decide to have more workers for the project ____ it won’t be delayed.
A. even if B. as if C. now that D. so that
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查连词辨析。句意：他们决定为这项工程增加工人，以免耽搁。A. even if即使；B. as if好像；C. now that既然；D. so that为了。空后it won’t be delayed是前面采取措施的目的，应使用so that引导目的状语从句。故选D。
27.（2021·天津）We all need to get involved in saving energy ________ it's at work, at home, or at school.
A．unless B．once C．whether D．because
【答案】C
【解析】考查状语从句连接词词义辨析。句意：无论是在工作中，在家里，还是在学校，我们都需要参与到节约能源的活动中来。A.unless除非；B.once 一旦；C.whether无论；是否；D.because 因为。分析句子，该空需要一个连词引导让步状语从句，根据句意及后面的or ，需要表示“无论是…还是…”，whether符合题意。故选C项。
28.（2016· 全国新课标卷III·语法填空）Over time, 45 the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
【参考答案】as/when
【答案解析】考查时间状语从句。句意：随着人口的增长，人们开始把食物切成小块，这样可以煮得快一点，这里是时间状语从句，when意为＂当……的时候＂，后跟长动作或短动作，故填as／when。
29.（2017·天津卷·完形填空）She had been talking to her mother about the lives of homeless people 42 they first saw the homeless man.
A. since B. unless C. although D. as
【参考答案】A
【答案解析】考查连词。A. since自从；B. unless 除非；C. although尽管；D. as因为。句意：自从他们第一次看到无家可归的人，Hannah就一直在跟她的妈妈说流浪者的生活，根据句意可知选A。

一、时间状语从句
when/while/as引导的时间状语从句
一、when引导的时间状语从句
1. when引导的时间状语从句，其动词既可以是延续性动作的动词，也可以是瞬间性动作的动词，而且可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或者从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前。
When you apply for a job, you must present your credentials. 当你申请工作时，你必须递交你的有关证件。（同时）
When the students heard the teacher’s footsteps, they all atopped talking. 当学生们听到老师的脚步声时，他们都停止了讲话。（从句动作发生在前）
2. when还可表示just then（正在那时，突然）的意思，此时其所引导的从句只放在主句之后。
be about to do ... when ... 正要去做某事，突然……
be doing ... when ... 正在做某事，突然……
be on the point of doing ... when ... 正在做某事，突然……
We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们正要动身，突然天下起雨来。
The game had hardly/scarcely/barely begun when it started raining. 比赛刚刚开始就下起雨来。
二、while引导的时间状语从句
while表示＂在某一段时间里＂或＂在……期间＂，其所引导的从句的动作是延续性的，并侧重表示和主句的动作同时发生。
When the teacher paraphrased the text in English, the students listened attentively and took notes. 当老师用英语解释课文时，学生们聚精会神地听并做着笔记。
I can learn while I work. 我可以边工作边学习。
三、as引导的时间状语从句
as引导的时间状语从句其动词的动作是延续性的，而且侧重表示主句和从句的动作交替或同时发生，译为＂一边……，一边……＂或＂随着……＂。
We were having breakfast as she was combing her hair. 她梳头时我们在吃早饭。
It will warm up a little bit on Sunday as the cold front passes. 寒流一过，星期日就会有点暖意了。
before引导的时间状语从句
一、before的常见意思
1. before＂在……之前＂。
I have finished my dissertation before my supervisor went abroad. 在我的导师出国之前，我已完成了我的学位论文。
I’ll be back before you have left. 你离开之前我就会回来。
2. before＂……之后才＂。
It may be many years before we meet again. 可能要过许多年我们才能再见了。
It was three days before he came back. 他三天后才回来。
3. before ＂尚未来得及 ＂
Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar. 她还没有来得及动弹，就听见有很响的声音，接着就成了可怕的隆隆轰鸣声。 
Before they reached the house, a new great wave came, sweeping down trees, and sweeping them down too. 他们还没到屋子，又一个巨浪打来，冲倒了树，也冲倒了他们。 
4. before ＂要……先……＂
You should be a pupil before you become a teacher. 要当老师，先作学生。 
5. before＂趁……＂
You should do it before it is too late. 趁现在还不算太晚，你应该赶快做它。
二、掌握热点句型用法
1. it was（not）/had done＋一段时间＋before（vt-ed）…＂还要过多久才……（不多久就……了）＂
It was not long before he returned to Beijing. 不久他就回到北京。 
It was long before he married Wei Fang. 过了很久他才娶魏芳。 
2.it will（not）be＋一段时间＋before（一般式）… ＂还要过多久才……（不多久就……了）＂
It will be long before he goes abroad. 要过很久他才出国。 
3.there is +一段时间+to go（=left）＋before（一般式）... ＂在……之前＂
4.long before ＂不久前＂, 用于一般过去时和完成时中；before long = soon/not long after ＂不久后＂，用于一般将来时和一般过去时中。
as soon as/once/directly/the instant等引导的时间状语从句
as soon as 是最常见的表示＂一……就……＂的从属连词，其他连词还有once（一旦），directly（老式英国英语），immediately（主要用于英国英语），instantly，the instant (that)，the minute(that) ，the moment(that)等，它们通常都可与as soon as换用。
As soon as we got home, the telephone rang. 我们一到家，电话就响了。
I recognized her immediately I saw her. 我一看见她就认出她来了。
Directly the teacher came in everyone was quiet. 老师一进来，大家就静了下来。
hardly...when/no sooner...than引导的时间状语从句
hardly/barely/scarcely...when和no sooner...than的意思是＂刚……就＂，它们所引导的从句中的谓语动词通常为过去完成时。
He had no sooner (no sooner had he) arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚一到家，就又要他出另一次差。
★ hardly/barely/scarcely和no sooner置于句首时，从句要倒装。
No sooner had the words been spoken than he realized that he should have remained silent. 这些话刚一出口，他就意识到自己应该保持沉默。
since引导的时间状语从句
在含有since引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，从句的谓语动词通常为一般过去时，主句的谓语动词通常为现在完成时。
We’ve never met since we graduated from the college. 大学毕业后我们就再没见过面。
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走了以后，这里发生了巨大的变化。
till/until引导的时间状语从句
till和until同义，作＂直到……时(为止)＂解，till多用于非正式文体，until多用于句首。
Donald will remain in college until (till) he finishes his Ph.D course. 唐纳德将留在学校直到完成他的博士学位课程。
I won’t go with you until (till) I finished my homework. 等我做完作业我才和你一起去。
注意：
not until 置于句首，主句要倒装。
Not until 4:00 in the morning can he fall asleep.
直到凌晨4点他才睡着。(He can’t fall asleep until 4:00 in the morning.)
Not until he returned did we have supper.
直到他回来我们才吃晚饭。 (We didn’t have supper until he returned.)
each time/every time等引导的时间状语从句
这类连词主要有every time(每次)，each time(每次)，(the) next time(下次)，any time(随时)，(the) last time(上次)，the first time(第一次), by the time(当……的时候)。如：
You can call me any time you want to. 你随时都可以给我打电话。
Each time I went there, I saw him working. 我每次去那儿都看见他在工作。
Every time I see her I’ll think of it. 每次我看到她，我就想起这事。
Next time you come in, please close the door. 下次你进来，请关门。
He didn’t tell me the last time I saw him. 我上次见到他时他没告诉我。
The first time I heard about the firm closing down was when George told me.
我最初听到公司倒闭的消息是乔治告诉我的。
By the time, he was taken to the hospital he was nearly dead.
他被送到医院时已经几乎不行了。
注意：every time, each time, any time前不用冠词，(the) next time, (the) last time中的冠词可以省略，而the first time中的冠词通常不能省略。
二、让步状语从句
让步状语从句是状语从句中的一种。一般翻译为＂尽管……即使……＂就是我们日常生活中用的＂退一步说……＂的感觉。
引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些：though, although, as; even if, even though; whether...or...; no matter+疑问词，疑问词-ever。下面对这些连词引导的让步状语从句作一说明。
1. although/though引导的让步状语从句
although和though，都作＂虽然；尽管＂解，通常可以换用，although的语气较重。如果要强调＂但是＂语气，可使用yet，still或nevertheless来表示＂但是＂、＂依然＂或＂然而＂之意。
Although they have been talking for a long time, he cannot make her believe him.
虽然和她谈了半天，他还是不能让她信任自己。
2. even if/even though引导的让步状语从句
（1）even if引导的让步状语从句
even if ＂即使，纵然＂，从句表示的是尚未发生的动作或存在的情况。
Even if it rains tomorrow, we won’t change our plan. 即使明天下雨，我们也决不改变计划。
Even if I failed again, I will not give up the experiment. 即使我再次失败，我也决不会放弃实验。
（2）even though引导的让步状语从句
even though＂虽然，尽管＂，从句所表示的是已经发生的动作或存在的情况，通常可以和although/though换用。
Even though I didn’t understand a word, I kept smiling. 即使我一个字也不懂，我还是保持微笑。
Even though you say so, I do not believe it. 即使你这样说，我也不信。
3. as引导的让步状语从句
as引导让步状语从句时，意为＂尽管，虽然＂，从句多位于主句之前，而且必须使用倒装语序。通常如果从句中有形容词或名词作表语，则把表语置于句首，而且名词前要省略冠词；如果从句中有修饰动词的副词，则将该副词置于句首；如果从句中有情态动词，则将情态动词后的动词原形置于句首。此用法与though的倒装完全一致。(although无此用法)
Much as I admire his courage, I don’t think he acted wisely. 我虽然佩服他的勇气，但我认为他这样做是不聪明的。
Strong as you maybe, you cannot lift it. 虽然你可能很有力气，你却无法把它提起来。
Child as he is, he is very brave. 尽管他还是个孩子，但是他很勇敢。
4. while引导的让步状语从句
while＂虽然，尽管＂，多用于正式文体，且多位于句首，相当于although。
While I understand your point of view, I do not share it. 我虽了解你的观点，但不敢苟同。
While I sympathize, I really can’t do very much to help. 虽然我很同情，但我确实帮不了什么忙。
5. 疑问词-ever与no matter+疑问词引导的让步状语从句
（1）whatever/no matter what引导的让步状语从句
whatever和no matter what用法相同，都作＂无论什么＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。
Whatever/No matter what he says, don’t go. 不管他说什么，你都不要走。
We are determined to fulfill the task, whatever/no matter what happens. 不管发生什么，我们决心完成这项任务。
（2） whichever/no matter which引导的让步状语从句
whichever和no matter which用法相同，都作＂无论哪个＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。
Whichever/No matter which you buy, there is a six-month guarantee. 不论你买哪个，都有六个月的保修期。
Whichever/No matter which of the two men had stolen her purse, Barbara was determined to find them. 不管是这两个人中的谁偷了她的钱包，芭芭拉都决心找到他们。
（3）whoever/no matter who引导的让步状语从句
whoever和no matter who用法相同，都作＂无论谁＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。
You can’t come in, whoever you are. 不管你是谁，都不能进来。
Whoever/No matter who wants to speak to me on the phone, tell him I’m busy. 不管谁要我接电话，就说我现在正忙着呢。
（4） wherever/no matter where引导的让步状语从句
wherever和no matter where用法相同，都作＂无论在（或到）哪里＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。
Wherever/No matter where you go, I’m right here waiting for you. 无论你到哪里，我都依然在这里等着你。
（5）however/no matter how引导的让步状语从句
however和no matter how用法相同，都作＂无论如何……＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。
However much you regret doing that, there is nothing you can do about it now. 无论你可能多么懊悔你曾经做过的事，现在也无济于事了。
However high it may be, it can’t reach the sky. 它不论有多高，也高不到天上去。
（6） whenever/no matter when引导的让步状语从句
whenever和no matter when用法相同，都作＂无论何时＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。
Whenever I’m unhappy, he cheers me up. 不管什么时候我不高兴，他都给我鼓劲儿。
6. (no matter) whether...or引导的让步状语从句
由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两个方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。如：
You’ll have to attend the ceremony whether you’re free or busy. 不管你忙不忙，都要参加这个典礼。
Whether you believe it or not, it’s true.无论你是否相信，这都是真的。
三、原因状语从句
原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because, since, as , now that（既然）等，for 表示因果关系时（它引导的不是从句）为并列连词，语气不如because强。
1. because引导的原因状语从句
because表示人们不知道的直接的原因或理由，着重点在从句，其所引导的从句，为全句句意的中心所在。通常用于回答why引出的疑问句，语气最强，除特别强调外，该从句一般位于主句后面。
I didn’t go abroad with her because I couldn’t afford it.
我没有和她一起出国是因为费用太高。
Don’t scamp your work because you are pressed for time.
不要因为时间仓促而马马虎虎。
2. as引导的原因状语从句
as引导的原因状语从句所引出的理由在说话人开来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉而不需要强调，从句多位于主句之前，通常可以和since换用，as语气稍弱。
As I didn’t know the way, I asked a policeman. 我不认识路，因而问警察。
As it is snowing, we shall not climb the mountain. 由于在下雪，我们不去爬山了。
3. since引导的原因状语从句
since表示人们已知的事实，不许强调的原因，故常译为＂既然……＂，通常位于主句前。since从句是次要的，重点强调主句的内容，相当于now that。
Since traveling by air is much faster, they decided to take a plane.
既然乘飞机旅行快得多，他们就决定坐飞机。
Since you won’t help me, I’ll ask someone else.你既然不帮我，那我就请别人帮忙。
4. now(that)引导的原因状语从句
now(that)＂因为；既然＂，通常可以和since换用。其中that可省去，用来表示一种新的情况，再加以推论。
Now(that) you’ve passed your test you can drive on your own. 你既已考试合格，就可以独自开车了。
I do remember, now (that) you mention it. 你这一提，我倒的确想起来了。
5. seeing (that)引导的原因状语从句
seeing (that)＂鉴于；由于＂，通常用于非正式文体。
Seeing (that) the weather is bad，we’ll stay at home.天气不好，我们还是呆在家里吧。
6. in that引导的原因状语从句
in that＂因为；基于……的理由＂，可以和because换用，多用于正式文体，它所引导的原因状语从句总是位于主句之后。
Advertisement is distinguished from other forms of communication in that the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered. 广告不同于其他交际形式，因为登广告的人要为其所提供的信息付费。
I’m in a slightly awkward position, in that he’s not arriving until 10th.
我的处境有点难堪，因为他要十号才来。
四、地点状语从句
一、where引导的地点状语从句
1.从属连词where表示＂在（或到）……的地方＂。
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。
Put it where you found it. 把它放在原来的地方。
2. where 在地点状语从句中，除指地点外，还可指处境等。
He said he was happy where he was. 他说他对自己的处境很满意。
It’s your fault that she is where she is. 她今天落到这个地步都怪你。
3. 有时地点状语从句中的某些词可以省略。
Fill in the blanks with the given phrases. Change the form where necessary. 用所给的短语填空，必要的地方可以改变其形式。
Avoid structure of this kind where possible. 只要可能，就要避免这种结构。
二、wherever引导的地点状语从句
从属连词wherever意为＂在（或到）……的各个地方＂。
You can go wherever(anywhere) you like these days. 这些天你可以去你想去的地方。
Where (Everywhere) they went, the experts were warmly welcomed. 专家们每到一处，都受到热烈的欢迎。
五、目的状语从句
1. in order that引导的目的状语从句
in order that＂为了；以便＂。多用于正式文体，通常可以与so that换用。☆
They stopped at Hangzhou in order that they could go around West Lake. 他们在杭州停了下来，以便游览西湖。
The expert spoke slowly in order that everyone should understand. 专家讲得很慢，以便人人都能听得懂。
2. so (that)引导的目的状语从句
so that＂为了；以便＂。so that通常可以与in order that换用，它所引导的目的状语从句总是放在主句之后，在非正式文体中，常省略that。
Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 你要讲得清楚，他们才可能听得懂。
She wanted tea ready at seven so she could be out by eight. 她想让茶点在七点钟以前就备好，这样她八点就可以出门了。
3. in case/for fear (that)/lest等引导的目的状语从句
in case，for fear(that)和lest这三个从属连词都表示否定目的，意思是＂以免＂，＂以防＂。in case多用于英国英语，它所引导的从句中的谓语动词可以是陈述语气形式，也可以是虚拟语气形式；for fear(that)引导的从句中的谓语带有may，might，should等情态动词；lest用于正式文体，它所引导的从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气形式。
Take your umbrella with you, lest it should rain.
=Take your umbrella in case it rains.
带上你的伞，以防下雨。
He took an umbrella with him for fear that it might rain. 他带了一把伞，以防下雨。
六、结果状语从句
1. so that引导的结果状语从句
（1）so that引导的结果状语从句只能位于主句之后，中间可以有逗号。
Suddenly it began to rain heavily, so that it was almost impossible to carry on driving. 突然下起了大雨，几乎无法继续开车。
Linda phoned me in on arrival so that I know she was safe and sound. 琳达到达后给我打了电话，因而我知道她平安无事。
（2）＂so that＂既可引导结果状语从句也可引导目的状语从句。究竟是引导的结果状语从句还是目的状语从句，除了根据句意来判断外，还可根据结构形式来加以判断。若从句前有逗号，一般为结果状语从句，如果从句中有情态动词，通常则为目的状语从句。
They started out early, so that they didn’t miss the train. 他们早早就出发了，所以没误火车。（结果状语从句）
They started out early so that they would not miss the train. 他们早早出发是为了不误火车。（目的状语从句）
2. so...that引导的结果状语从句
so...that＂如此……以致＂，that在非正式文体中可以省略，so后面接形容词或副词。
She spoke so fast that nobody could catch what she was saying. 她说话如此之快竟没有人听出来她在讲什么。
There is so little time left that I have to tell you about it later. 现在剩下的时间不多了，我只好以后再给你讲这件事。
3. such...that引导的结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的such...that的具体内容是：such + a/an + 形容词+名词+that从句。其中的名词可以是可数名词的单数或复数，也可以是不可数名词。such + a/an + 形容词 + 单数名词 + that从句可换成so + 形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + that从句。
The Japanese student made such rapid progress that he soon began to write articles in Chinese. 那个日本留学生进步很快，不久就开始用中文写文章了。
The professor told us such a funny story that all the students laughed.
＝The professor told us so funny a story that all the students laughed.
教授讲了个很有趣的故事，(以致于)所有的学生都笑了起来。
4. such that引导的结果状语从句
such that引导的结果状语从句多用于正式文体，主句为＂主—系—表＂句型。
The force of the explosion was such that it blew out all the windows. 爆炸的力量很大，所有的窗户都被炸掉了。
His anger was such that he lost control of himself. 他气得不能克制自己的感情。
七、条件状语从句
1. if引导的条件状语从句
if可引导非真实条件状语从句(见＂虚拟语气＂)和真实条件状语从句。
If he said that, he can’t be telling the truth.
如果他说了那样的话，他不可能是说实话。
2. unless引导的条件状语从句
unless引导的是否定条件状语从句，在意义上相当于if...not，而且语气较强，一般不用于虚拟语气。
You’ll be late unless you hurry.
你会迟到的，如果不赶快的话。
3. only if引导的条件状语从句
only if在引导条件状语从句时意为＂只有……(才)；只有在……的时候，唯一的条件是……＂。
I’ll let you use the car only if you keep it in good condition.
只要你把车保养好，我就让你用。
4. as/so long as引导的条件状语从句
as/so long as意为＂只要；如果＂。
As long as it doesn’t rain, we can play.
只要不下雨我们就能玩。
5. provided (that)/providing (that)引导的条件状语从句
provided (that)/providing (that)意为＂假如；如果＂。
I will agree to go provided / providing (that) my expense is paid.
假如为我负担费用，我就同意去。
Providing you promise not to tell anyone else I’ll explain the secret.
假如你承诺不告诉别人，我就告诉你这个秘密。
6. on condition that（条件是）和suppose / supposing (that)（假设；如果）也可引导条件状语从句
I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep it a secret.
我可以告诉你真相，条件是你答应保守秘密。
Suppose/ Supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?

在条件状语从句中，通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态。不过，有时表示条件的 if之后可能用 will，但那不是将来时态, 而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(will为情态动词)。
If you will sit down for a few moments, I’ll tell the manager you’re here. 请稍坐片刻，我这就通知经理说您来了。
八、方式状语从句
表示行为方式的状语从句常由as（依照……，像……一样），as if（正如……，似乎……），as though（似乎……，好像……），（just）as... so...（正如……）引导，多置于主句之后。
1. as，(just) as... so...引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as...so...结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是＂正如……＂，＂就像＂，多用于正式文体。
Always do to the others as you would be done by.
你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待别人。
As water is to fish, so air is to man.
我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。
2. as if，as though两者的意义和用法相同，引导的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作＂仿佛……似的＂，＂好像……似的＂。
They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它们不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）
He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.
他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。）
【名师点睛】
as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语。
He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。
He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。
The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger. 波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。

一、单项选择
1．I was about to answer the stranger’s question ______ my friend signaled me to stop.
A．then B．when C．while D．as
2．—When did you arrive ________ we camped last Friday?
—It was not until midnight ________ it was raining hard.
A．where; when B．which; that C．where; that D．which; when
3．Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but he hung up ________I could answer the phone.
A．unless B．until C．before D．since
4．________ it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which perform for us.
A．Because B．Though C．As D．When
5．I have known Dr. John for a long time, may be since Bet ___________in that university.
A．worked B．works C．has worked D．had worked
6．Tell your doctor with a detailed medical history ______ he can give you the accurate treatment.
A．even if B．so that C．in case D．as though
7．________, we must believe in ourselves and efforts must pay off one day.
A．However life is difficult B．However is life difficult
C．However difficult life is D．However difficult is life
8．Changing your habits can be hard and developing new habits takes time, but ________ you stay motivated, you will meet your goal.
A．in case B．so long as C．as far as D．even if
9．They are hoping for a return to normality ______ the war is over.
A．now that B．as if C．unless D．in case
10．________there is a will, there is a way.
A．How B．When C．What D．Where
11．______ she came back, she threw her arms around me, ______ sad and helpless.
A．The instant when; looked B．The instant when; looking
C．The instant; looked D．The instant; looking
12．______ I agree with you, I don’t think your solution is the best.
A．If B．Since C．While D．As
13．You should always try to achieve more, _________ well you have done before.
A．however B．whatever C．whenever D．wherever
14．The panda mom has_________of parenthood that she can’t be entrusted with the baby.
A．such a little experience B．so little experience
C．so little an experience D．such a little experience
15．________in everyday life consumers have seen lots of successful examples of advertisements like Kodak, Nike, Coca-Cola, and McDonald’s, there are still some examples that do not reach the expected goal.
A．As B．Because C．In addition D．While
16．_________ it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us.
A．Because B．Though C．Given D．When
17．The manager believes that stupid ________ Mr. Smith is, ________ he said makes perfect sense.
A．that; which B．as; what C．as; that D．though; which
18．The two collectors have determined to buy the precious Egyptian vase,  _______.
A．however much it costs B．no matter how it costs
C．however much does it cost D．no matter how much does it cost
19．—When is the school art festival?
—It will be held on time if it ________ next Monday.
A．don’t rain B．won’t rain C．doesn’t rain D．didn’t rain
20．________ everybody knows about it, I don’t want to talk any more.
A．For B．Even C．Since D．However
21．________ many children like KFC, I think they'd better try not to eat it too often.
A．Because B．When
C．Although D．If
22．________, I have never seen anyone who’s as capable as John.
A．As long as I have traveled B．Now that I have traveled so much
C．Much as I have traveled D．As I have traveled so much
23．His plan was such a good one ________ we all agreed to accept it.
A．so B．and C．that D．as
24．The famous scientist grew up ________ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.
A．when B．whenever C．where D．wherever
25．—Is everyone here today?
—No. Tom is at home ________ he has got a bad cold.
A．because B．if C．until D．unless
26．The teacher speaks very loudly ________ all the students can hear her.
A．so that B．because
C．since D．when
27．—Hurry up! The bus is coming.
—Wait a minute. Don’t cross the street ________ the traffic lights are green.
A．until B．after
C．while D．since
28．Jane, please turn off the lights ________ you leave the classroom.
A．after B．before C．until D．since
29．The park rules state that no child shall be allowed to play on the slide, ______ accompanied by an adult.
A．if B．when C．unless D．since
30．We’ll have to finish the job, .
A．whatever long it takes B．it takes whatever long
C．however long it takes D．long however it takes
二、完形填空
When my dad finally finished the triathlon in Montauk, the crowd cheered. It showed me how his hard work paid off. I wondered whether a small boy of my size could ____31____ something like that. My father ____32____ me and said I could train with him.
After a few weeks of ____33____ , I signed up for my first triathlon. Before the competition, I nervously waited for the ____34____ . When someone fired the gun, I was ____35____ , swimming towards the distant buoy (浮标)that marked my turn. I ____36____ the half-mile swim and ran towards my bike. I was dripping wet, trying to ____37____ it. Once on my bike, I experienced an excitement specific to ____38____ . I went through the transition zone (转换区)again and ____39____ my running shoes. At the start of the run part of the triathlon, my ____40____ already felt like they were made of cement (水泥).
For me, the real competition began during the run, ____41____ now I could see each competitor as a target. No matter my ____42____ in the field, each racer was either following me or being followed. The run part of the race boiled down to ____43____ tolerance. “Shut up, legs”, one of my favorite quotes, kept me from ____44____ the burning feeling. Then I crossed the finish line. I took a breath and then began a (n) ____45____ with the other finishers. The sense of accomplishment was there for all of us.
31．A．preview B．deserve C．achieve D．benefit
32．A．satisfied B．encouraged C．puzzled D．embarrassed
33．A．performing B．fighting C．meeting D．training
34．A．result B．seat C．gun D．audience
35．A．up B．round C．off D．along
36．A．finished B．considered C．assessed D．arranged
37．A．point at B．get on C．get back D．find out
38．A．running B．traveling C．cycling D．swimming
39．A．took off B．switched to C．cleaned up D．fell off
40．A．arms B．hands C．shoulders D．legs
41．A．because B．although C．until D．unless
42．A．status B．position C．task D．function
43．A．risk B．drug C．stress D．pain
44．A．showing off B．bringing in C．thinking about D．carrying out
45．A．experiment B．celebration C．argument D．cooperation
三、语法填空
1
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
New research has found that fruit and vegetable consumption and exercise can increase levels ____46____ happiness.
While ____47____ link between lifestyle and well-being has been ____48____ (previous) documented and often used in public health campaigns to encourage healthier diets and exercise, new findings show that there is also positive causation(因果关系) from lifestyle to life satisfaction.
Findings show that the ability of individuals to delay satisfaction and apply self-control plays a major role in influencing lifestyle decisions, ____49____ in turn have a positive impact on well-being.
With it being well known that lifestyle diseases ____50____ (be) a leading cause of ill health and mortality (死亡率) worldwide, these findings could have significant implications for public-health-policy makers.
Dr. Gschwandtner from the University of Kent said, “Behaviors that enable the planning-self____51____ (strengthen) long-term goals are likely to be especially helpful in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. If a better lifestyle not only makes us healthier but also ____52____ (happy), then it is clear win-win situation.”
Professor Kambhampati from the University of Reading said. “There has been a bigger shift in recent ____53____ (year) for healthier lifestyle choices. Establishing that ____54____ (eat) more fruit and vegetables and exercising can increase happiness and offer health benefits is a major development. This may also prove _____55_____ (use) for policy campaigns around environment and sustainability.”
2
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Scientists in Antarctica have made a surprising and welcome ____56____ (discover) — the world’s largest breeding ground for fish. Researchers from Germany came across the fish while ____57____ (make) a map of the seabed of the Antarctic Weddell Sea. They found around 60 million ice-fish breeding in an area about 240 square kilometers. The research team had been setting down a number of ____58____ (camera) to a depth of 530 meters under the Wed-dell Sea for months. “Such a huge breeding area of ice-fish in the Weddell Sea was ____59____ (previous) undiscovered, and it is totally attractive,” said Autun Purser, ____60____ deep-sea biologist.
The researchers have been exploring the region hoping ____61____ (establish) it as an official Marine Protected Area. They say the seas are a unique habitat that must ____62____ (preserve). They want to keep fishing and some other scientific research from ____63____ (pollute) the waters. A recent University of Cambridge study found that fishing in Antarctica is bringing millions of other species from 1,500 ports around the globe, ____64____ are threatening the area’s special eco-system. Antun said, “So far, the remoteness and difficult sea-ice conditions of Antarctica have protected it, but we must keep _____65_____ mind that we should be very careful with oceanic conservation.”
3
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Every pet owner has a bit of worry when loading an animal on a plane. The dog probably ___66___(disappear) like luggage and there is no way to be sure that she is properly loaded. Every year, more than thirty ___67___(dog) die on US airlines, mostly due to some carelessness or mistake by the airline. But ___68___I saw in China during the COVID-19 epidemic (疫情) was quite different.
In Kunming, while getting seated on the plane, I received a We Chat message from Lu Chunli, a woman ___69___(work) in the baggage department. She told me she had leaded my dog Feifei on the plane. She gave me ___70___(she) phone number and asked me to call if there were any problems. This was the best customer ___71___(serve) I’ve ever seen.
After I arrived in Being, I was waiting at the oversized luggage arrival desk for Feifei ___72___(arrive). A young man, whose name I ___73___(unfortunate) did not get, was very welcoming and brought out a chair so I could sit while waiting.
These acts of kindness may seem simple, ___74___they made my trip much less troublesome. Kind people like Lu and the young man in Beijing make the world ____75____better place.
4
We have two apple trees in our backyard and our dog Prana loved apples. When she went outside, she would grab an apple, and stick it back in her mouth. The apples had been on the ground and were often ___76___ (mud), so I wasn’t always happy that Prana had brought them into the house. ___77___ (sense) my disapproval, she would turn her head so I wouldn’t see her ___78___ (hide) treasure. It was our little game. One autumn day, ___79___ (expect), we were hit by a big snow fall, for which no one was prepared. Prana went outside, digging holes and bringing the apples to the surface, so ___80___ could be seen above the snow. I wondered ___81___ she was doing this. When I called her ___82___ into the house, she had one apple in her mouth as usual. About five minutes later, I looked outside. Surprisingly, the yard was ___83___ (complete) covered with birds. It was before she entered the house that Prana ___84___ (dig) up all those apples for her bird and squirrel friends to eat. She knew that they wouldn’t have stored enough food to survive such ____85____ early winter!
5
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike, which made him proud of ____86____(he), One day the king wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all talented artists to come and present their finest work. The artist was sure his work would prove the best.____87____when he presented his work to the king’s official, the old man laughed and told him the king was not likely ____88____(choose) it. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River where he could learn a little from the ____89____(great) artist in the world.
Out of ____90____(curious), the artist packed his bags and went there ____91____person. When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river ____92____he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river. The next morning he set out to find the well-known ____93____(paint). He was impressed by the mountains being silently reflected in the water as the small boat moved ____94____(gentle) along the river. When he eventually passed the milky white waterfalls and blue mountains which ______95______(surround) by soft clouds, his breath was taken away by the greatest artist on earth—Mother Nature.