高考英语情态动词和虚拟语气 教案

这是一份高考英语情态动词和虚拟语气 教案，共4页。
1. 那个老妇女坚持声称哪个年轻人偷了他的钱包，并且他应该被送到警察局。
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2. 要是她年轻时遵循健康的生活方式，现在她就能身体棒棒的。
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3. 孩子们总希望长大，老年人却希望变得年轻。
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情态动词知识点
翻译练习：
1. 当我们一起共事时，他们也许没有把我当朋友看待。
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2. 你本不该告诉她真相。
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3. 你本可以做得更好，但你没有尽力而为。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________状语从句中的虚拟语气
虚拟语气在if引导的条件句中的用法三点：
从句（条件）
主句（目的）
表示于现在事实相反的虚拟条件句
If+主语+动词的过去式（be用were）
主语+wuld(shuld culd might)+动词原型
If I were yu, I wuld seize the chance t g abrad.
表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
If+主语+had+动词的过去分词
主语+wuld（shuld culd might）+have+动词的过去分词
If yu had taken my advice, yu wuld nt have failed in the exams.
表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句
If+主语+shuld（were t）+动词原型/动词的过去式
主语+wuld（culd shuld might）+动词原型
If he did nt cme tmrrw, we wuld put ff the meeting till next Mnday.
混合条件句——主从句时间不一致的情况下的虚拟语气
有时条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这是动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。
If yu had studied hard befre, yu wuld be a cllege student nw.
含蓄条件句
有时虚拟条件句并没用if从句表示出来，而是用介词短语（therwise，r，withut，but fr）上下文或其他方式来表示。
1. Withut yur help, we culdn’t have finished the wrk ahead f time.
= But fr yur help,…= If it had nt been fr yur help,…
2. I was ill that day. Otherwise, I wuld have taken part in the sprts meeting.
条件从句中省略if采用倒装语序的情况
在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，有时可以把虚拟条件中的连词if省去，而将had，shuld，were等助动词提到主语之前。
例： If she were yunger, she wuld d it.
Were she yunger, she wuld d it.
If yu had cme earlier, yu wuld have caught the bus.
Had yu cme earlier, yu wuld have caught the bus.
虚拟语气在as if/as thugh引导的方式状语从句中
1.表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。
He lks as if he were an artist.
2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。
She speaks English s fluently as if she had studied English in America.
3. 表示与将来事实相反，从句用wuld/culd/might+动词原形
He learns English s hard as if he wuld g t the
注意：1.在as if/as thugh 句中，如果有可能成为事实，用陈述语气。例：He lks as if he ging t be ill.
2.as thugh或as if引导的状语从句，从句主语和主句主语相同时，从句中可省略主语和部分谓语。
名词性从句中的虚拟语气
宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1.在动词wish/hlp后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
对现在情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去式或过去进行式。
I wish (that) I were a bird.
对过去情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去完成时。
I wish (that) I had met that film star yesterday.
对将来情况的虚拟：从句谓语“wuld/shuld/culd/might+动词原形”。
I wish I culd fly freely in the sky.
2. 在表示建议，命令，要求，忠告，等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
均以“shuld+动词原型”表示这种语气，“shuld”常被省略。
常用的此类动词有：
表示“提议，劝告，建议”的：prpse, suggest, recmmend, advise.
表示“要求”的： request, demand, require, (beg ask, desire)
表示“同意，坚持”的：insist
表示“决定，命令”的：cmmand, rder
We suggested that Tm (shuld) have a rest.
注意：suggest, insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示，表明，坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。
3.wuld rather，had rather，后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来相反，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。表示“宁愿做什么”或“对过去做的事的懊悔”。
1. I wuld rather they didn’t knw the news.
2. I wuld rather yu had gne, t.
3. I wuld rather g ut than d my hmewrk.
主语从句中的虚拟语气
“It is(was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that+sb./sth. (shuld) d sth.
常用的形容词：natural, necessary, imprtant, strange, essential, a pity that…
1. I dn’t think it necessary that tm (shuld) be assigned t the jb.
2. It is strange that he (shuld) treat his parents like that.
在“It is (was)+表示建议，命令，要求，忠告，等动词被动语态+that+sb./sth. (shuld) d sth.…..”
It is suggested/prpsed/advised/recmmended/ required/requested + that 从句
1. It is prpsed that the meeting (shuld) be put ff till next week.
表语从句或同位语从句中的虚拟语气
某些表示建议，请求，命令等主观意向的名词做主语时，其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气
这类名词常见的有：demand，desire，requirement，advice，recmmendatin，suggestin，rder，necessity，prpsal，plan，idea。
1. We all agreed t his advice that we (shuld) g t Dalian fr sightseeing.
2. My idea is that we (shuld) think it ver befre accepting it.
在It is high time + that 定语从句中的虚拟语气
表示“该做……..的时候了”
其动词形式用一般过去时或shuld+动词原型
It’s high time that yu went.
It’s high time that yu shuld g.
If nly 引起的感叹句中的虚拟语气
If nly引出感叹句，意思是“要是…..多好”，表示说话人的一种愿望。
例：If nly he didn’t drive s fast!(现在)
If nly the rain wuld stp.(将来)
Lk at the terrible situatin I am in !if nly I had fllwed yur advice(过去)
may/might (nt) 可能(不);
请求(疑问句)
can 表能力;许可;(有时)会
culd 表能力;可能
can’t/culdn’t 不可能;没有能力
ught (nt) t (不)应该
shuld 应该;按说应该(根据常理推测);竟然;
need (nt) (不) 必要
must 必须;肯定推测;非要
wuld 意愿;过去将来;做某事的倾向
will 意愿 ; 决心
shall 第一人称 疑问句 请求
第二第三人称 陈述句 命令;警告;规定;许诺
情态动词+have dne
用法
例句
must have dne
表示主观上对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必，准是，一定做了某事”
She must have gne thrugh a lt.
He must have visited the White Huse during his stay in the United States.
may/might have dne
表示对过去已发生行为的推测，意为“也许/或许已经（没有）……“。一般用于肯定句或否定句中，不用于疑问句。用might则表示语气更加不肯定。
Yu may have learnt the news.
He may nt have heard his name called.
Srry I’m late. I might have turned ff the alarm clck and gne back t sleep again.
can…have dne
cannt have dne
表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。（can换成culd时语气委婉）
Where can she have gne?
Culd he have dne such a flish thing?
The by can’t have finished reading the bk s sn because it is difficult even t an adult.
culd have dne
可用于肯定句中，表示“可能已经……”之意，此外，还可以表示过去能做而没做的事，有一种对过去为付诸实施的事情的惋惜。
He culd have killed himself driving at a dangerus speed.
Yu culd have been mre cnsiderate.
Yu culd have dne better, but yu were t careless.
might have dne
表示“本来可能……，但实际上没有发生的事情”。另外，还可以表示“本来应该或可以做某事”之意，含有轻微的责备语气。
Yu shuld nt swim in that sea. Yu might have been eaten by a shark.
He might have given him mre help, thught he was busy.
shuld/ught t have dne
用于肯定句时，表示本该做某事，而实际上未做；用于否定句时，则表示不该做的事反而做了。
He shuld have knwn that the plice wuld never allw this srt f thing.
Yu shuldn’t have dne it s carelessly.
Yu ught t have returned the bk earlier.
Yu ught nt t have refused his ffer.
needn’t have dne
表示做了本来不必去做的事。注意：didn’t need t d表示“没必要做而实际上也没有做某事”
Yu needn’t have watered the plants, fr it is ging t rain.
I didn’t need t buy the dictinary. I had a cpy at hme.
had better have dne
用于事后的建议，含轻微责备的口吻，意为“当时最好做了某事”，其否定式had better nt have dne表示相反的含义。
Yu had better have started earlier.
Yu had better nt have sclded her.
wuld rather have dne
表示“当时宁愿做了某事”，其否定式wuld rather nt have dne表示相反的含义，两者都表示“后悔”之意。
1．I wuld rather have taken his advice.
2．I wuld rather nt have tld him the truth.
经典练习：
1. When I was yung, my family _______ (put n) ur best clthes and g t church n Sunday.
2. - They are said t have been familiar with each ther.
- But they _______ (nt be). They were intrduced nly hurs ag.
3. Being cnstantly expsed t advertisement is annying, but it _____ (be) pleasant.
4 – Cngratulatins! I hear yu’ve wn the first prize in the singing cmpetitin.
-- Yu ______ (mistake). I’m in the dance class.
5. Yu __________(wrk) that late last night. It was harmful t yur health.
6. The meeting has been n fr ten minutes. Why ______ yu be s late tday?
7. Yu _________ (cme) t the cnference yesterday. What was the reasn fr yur absence.
8. --- Why were yu absent frm the lecture yesterday?
--- If yu _______ (knw), I visited a relative f mine in hspital.
9. It has been annunced that candidates ________ (remain) in their seats until all the papers have been cllected.
10. I have lst ne f my glves. I ________ (drp) it smewhere.
11. -- I stayed at a htel while in New Yrk .
-- Oh, did yu? Yu __________ (stay) with Barbara.
12. It’s t late. I think he ___________ (g) t bed
1. wuld put n 2. culdn’t have been 3.can 4 must be mistaken
5. needn’t have wrked 6. shuld 7. shuld have cme 8. must knw
9. shall remain 10. must have drpped 11. culd have stayed 12. culd/might have gne