2023高考英语语法专项复习学案并列句和状语从句

这是一份2023高考英语语法专项复习学案并列句和状语从句，共10页。
并列句和状语从句Part 1并 列 句并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成，这些简单句常由并列连词(短语)连在一起。[真题集训——明考点]一、语法填空常考点1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)I work not because I have to, ________ because I want to.2．(2016·四川高考)It was time for her to have a new baby, ________ it was also time for the young panda to be independent.3．(2015·广东高考)One day, the cow was eating grass ________ it began to rain heavily.4．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)But the river wasn't changed in a few days ________ even a few months.二、短文改错常考点1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Suddenly a football fell just in front of me but almost hit me.________________2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When I studied chemistry in high school, I reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor.________________3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, but he agreed.________________4．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Everyone was silent, waiting to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud.________________5．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, so once I started the car, my mind went blank.________________6．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I have grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years.________________ [语法精析——知规则] 并列连词用法例句and, both ... and ..., not only ... but (also) ...等表示并列、顺承或递进关系There the air is clean and the mountains are green.but, yet, whereas等表示转折关系The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.or, either ... or ..., not ... but ...等表示选择关系Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you.for, so表示因果关系。for连接的分句一般不能放在句首The leaves of the trees are falling, for it's already autumn.树叶在坠落，因为秋天已经到了。and, or表示条件或结果关系，常用于句型“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”中You have to move out of the way or the truck cannot get past you.你得让出路来，否则卡车无法从你身旁通过。while作为并列连词，强调两种情况的对比I drink black coffee while he prefers it with milk. Part 2状语从句编者按：状语从句 (Adverbial Clause) 是指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子，由状语从句连词和主句联系在一起。状语从句中的从句可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。状语从句根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。[真题集训——明考点]一、选择填空常考题1．（2020·江苏高考真题）They decide to have more workers for the project ____ it won’t be delayed.A．even if B．as if C．now that D．so that2．（2020·天津高考真题）—Why do people like pop music? I hate it so much.—______ it is not your style, that doesn’t mean it is bad.A．Only if B．Even though C．Now that D．In case3．（2020·天津高考真题）__________ he could give her sympathy, any practical help was almost beyond him.A．If B．Since C．Although D．Until二、语法填空常考点1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On our way to the house, it was raining ________ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there.2．(2019·天津高考改编)Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion ________ he wants their support.3．(2018·北京高考改编)________ we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.4．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Over time, ________ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.5．(2016·四川高考)The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. ________ it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats.三、短文改错常考点1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.________________2．(2015·陕西高考)My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up. ________________[语法精析——知规则]1．时间状语从句(1)when, while与as引导的时间状语从句Metals expand when they are heated.金属受热时膨胀。While/When I was reading, he came in.我正在看书时，他进来了。The students sang as they walked.学生们边走边唱。As a young man (＝ When he was a young man), he was fond of hunting.他年轻时喜欢打猎。(2)before与since引导的时间状语从句①before与since的常用句式It will be half a year before I come back.我将半年之后才回来。It won't be long before we meet again.用不了多久我们就会再见面的。It was three days before he came back.三天后他才回来。②since引导的从句如果用非延续性动词，所表示的是自从句谓语动作算起，意为“自从……有多久”；若用延续性动词或状态动词，所表示的就是自动作或状态的完成或结束时算起，意为“自从结束/完成……起有多久”。It's two years since we arrived here.我们到这儿两年了。It's three years since we lived here.我们不住在这里有三年了。(3)表示“一……就……”含义的词(短语)引导的时间状语从句①引导时间状语从句，且表示“一……就……”含义的词或短语有as soon as, the moment, the minute, immediately, instantly, directly, hardly/scarcely ... when/before, no sooner ... than ...等。这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。Directly you feel any pains, you must go to the doctor.你一感觉疼痛就必须去找医生。We will leave the minute you are ready.你一准备好，我们就出发。②hardly/scarcely ... when/before, no sooner ... than ...中主句应用过去完成时，从句应用一般过去时；当no sooner ...和hardly/scarcely ...位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.他一听到这个消息就哭了。No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.我们刚到火车站火车就开走了。(4)until与till引导的时间状语从句①until与till引导时间状语从句的区别I had waited a long time till/until he came back.他回来时我已等了很长时间。It was not until he told me about it again that I had any idea of it.直到他又告诉我一遍我才明白。②not until位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。Not until he comes will we start our discussion.直到他来了我们才能开始讨论。③until/till用于肯定句时，主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词；用于否定句时主句的谓语动词必须是非延续性动词。They waited till/until I returned.他们一直等到我回来。(5)引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词(短语)①其他常见的引导时间状语从句的连词(短语)还有after, whenever, every time, each time, next time, the first/last time, any time, by the time, the day/year等。Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.每当我们遇到困难，他们就来帮助我们。②by the time引导的时间状语从句如果用一般现在时，主句则用将来完成时；从句如果用一般过去时，主句则用过去完成时。By the time you come back, we will have finished the job.到你回来的时候，我们将已经完成了这项工作。By the time we got there, the rain had stopped.到我们到达那儿时，雨已经停了。 2．条件状语从句(1)引导条件状语从句的常见从属连词有if, unless, as/so long as, in case (万一), once, on condition that, provided/providing (that), supposing/suppose (that)等。You'll be late unless you get up earlier.除非你早点起床，否则你会迟到的。As long as you don't lose heart, you will succeed.只要你不灰心，你就会成功。Supposing that they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help？假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能求助于谁呢？(2)在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。In case there is a fire, what will we do first?万一发生火灾，我们首先做什么？ 3．让步状语从句(1)although, though,  as与while引导的让步状语从句①although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序； though引导让步状语从句时，可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序；as引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序，即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数可数名词，前置时要省略冠词。Although/Though he may be troubled, he always presents a calm smiling face.尽管他可能会遇到麻烦，但他总是露出平静的微笑。Much as/though I have traveled, I have never seen anyone who's as capable as John.虽然我已经去过很多地方，但我从未见过像约翰这么能干的人。Child as he is, he knows a lot.尽管他还是一个孩子，但他却懂得很多。Try as he may, he never succeeds.尽管他很努力，但他从未成功过。②although与though都可以与yet, still, nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。③though还可以作副词，意为“可是，然而”，置于句末。I have got a cold. It is nothing much, though.我感冒了，不过不太严重。④while引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。While I admit that there are problems, I don't agree that they cannot be solved.尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。(2)even if/though引导的让步状语从句①even if/though表示“即使，纵然”，有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。②even if/though引导让步状语从句时，可用虚拟语气，也可以用陈述语气。I'll do it, even if/though it takes me all the afternoon.我要做这件事，即使它将花去我整个下午的时间。Even if/though I were in your place, I wouldn't take the job.即使我处于你的位置，我也不会接受这份工作。(3)“no matter＋疑问词”与“疑问词＋­ever”引导的让步状语从句①“no matter＋疑问词”相当于“疑问词＋­ever”，二者都可以引导让步状语从句。Don't trust him, no matter what/whatever he says.无论他说什么，不要相信他。②whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever还可以引导名词性从句，但“no matter＋疑问词”不可以。(4)whether ... or (not) ...引导的让步状语从句Whether you believe it or not, it is true.不管你相信与否，这是真的。 4．原因状语从句(1)because/as/since/now thatThe old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he wanted to sit next to his wife.那位老人让露西换坐到另一把椅子上，因为他想挨着妻子坐。I can't go with you, as I have a lot of work to do.我不能和你一起去，因为我有很多工作要做。Now that/Since everyone is here, let's begin our meeting.既然大家都在这儿，我们开始开会吧。(2)when (既然), seeing that (鉴于，由于)，considering that (考虑到), in that (因为)等也可以引导原因状语从句The book is different from that book in that this one is about chemistry and that one about history.这本书不同于那本书，因为这本是关于化学的而那本是关于历史的。It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could walk there in five minutes.既然步行五分钟就能到那里，你却乘出租车，真够愚蠢的。 5．结果状语从句(1)引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so, so that, so ... that ..., such ... that ...。在非正式语体中，由so ... that ..., such ... that ...引导的句子中的that可以省略，注意其结构：Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe in him.＝Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe in him.迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以至于我们都信任他。It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。He earned so little money that he couldn't support his family.他挣这么少的钱，以至于他养不起家。(2)such ... that ...引导的状语从句与such ... as ...引导的定语从句的区别。①He is such a clever boy as everyone likes.(like后少宾语，as要在从句中充当成分，故该句为定语从句)他是一个人人都喜爱的聪明孩子。②He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him.(从句中不缺成分，故该句为状语从句)他是一个如此聪明的孩子，以至于人人都喜欢他。 6．其他状语从句状语从句类型从属连词地点状语从句where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere目的状语从句so that, in order that, in case (以免，以防), for fear that (唯恐，以防), least方式状语从句as, as if/though比较状语从句as ...as, not as/so ... as, the same ... as, 比较级＋than, the more ... the moreWe must camp where we can get water.我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。I'll speak slowly so that you can make sense of what I said.我会说得慢一些以便让你听懂我说的话。The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.那个老太太对待那个男孩就好像他是她的亲生儿子一样。He is taller than any other student in our school.他比我们学校的任何一个学生都高。[名师指津]　①so that与in order that引导目的状语从句时，常与can, could, may, might等情态动词连用，in order that引导的目的状语从句可以置于主句前或后，但so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。②what引导的比较状语从句的句式：A is to B what C is to D．A对B而言正如C对D一样。Air is to us what water is to fish.空气之于我们就如同水之于鱼一样(重要)。[应用落实——通方法]一、单句语法填空1．The  film Ne Zha appeals so much to children         it caters well to their taste.2．What we are about to do is perfectly legal.         please don't discuss it with anyone.3．But you don't know that         I started senior English in the beginning, I found it difficult and quite different from what we had learned in junior school.4．Now I have made         great progress in my English study that I am more interested in learning it than before.5．When hunger strikes, we can reach for a healthy, nutritious meal,         we can choose the junk food of high sugar.6．It was         successful that he designed the present one, which measures roughly 200 square meters.7．Bravely       the players fought, they had no chance of winning.8．We need to get to the root of the problem         we can solve it.  [解题技法]语法填空解题“2策略”1．分析单词、短语或句子的逻辑关系或句式结构(1)完整的句子中，如果两个单词或短语并列，要填并列连词；(2)若两个句子(两个主谓结构)之间没有句号或分号，也没有连词，空格处必定填连词。2．注意固定句式中的连词二、单句改错1．We can take a bus and ride a bike to get there.2．You have to read because you want to become a good reader.3．I forgave him but gave him a hug.4．When I was 10, once my parents were away on business, but I had to stay at home alone for a day.5．There is only a little rain and the weather is neither too hot or too cold.6．Because the answer seemed a little strange, nobody but I doubted it.7．Shaking hands is the most popular way to greet each other while people meet.8．They said this was so a beautiful day that they would remember it forever. [解题技法]短文改错解题“3视角”1．根据句意、前后的逻辑关系去判断连词是否正确。2．根据短语搭配和固定句式判断连词。3．注意排查中式英语，如将although/though和but, because和so连用。遇到此种情况，一般删除后面的but, so，以免影响一个句子的第一个单词首字母大写的原则。三、高考写作佳句1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)无论我们的团队在哪里训练，我们都会尽力而为，我们都希望能赢。                                                                                _2．(2019·北京高考书面表达)当老师告诉我们这个以“劳动光荣”为主题的活动时，我们都欢呼起来。                                                                                _3．(2019·江苏高考书面表达)李江推荐中国传统服装，而苏华更喜欢校服。                                                                                _4．(2018·北京高考书面表达)如果你还有其他问题，请随时告诉我。                                                                                _5．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)如果你感兴趣，您可以发送电子邮件至12345@sina.com或亲自报名。四、用适当的连词填空My classmate Michael studied very hard __1__ he went to senior school. Every day he worked __2__ everyone else in my class left the classroom. He said he wouldn't stop trying __3__ he got satisfying scores in his studies. Hard __4__ he tried, he made little progress. But he didn't lose heart at all __5__ he believed as long as he persisted he would succeed one day. __6__ time went by, he made improvements in his studies and he was admitted to a university in Beijing at last.We had a get­together party __7__ we started our new life in university. Everyone had got offers from universities, __8__ we had a very good time. When we stood __9__ we used to play and study, we couldn't help thinking of our happy old days. We believed we would never forget each other, __10__ we would go or whatever we would do.