【暑假高三预备】新高考地区英语高二（升高三）暑假专项-第09讲 并列句和状语从句 讲学案

这是一份【暑假高三预备】新高考地区英语高二（升高三）暑假专项-第09讲 并列句和状语从句 讲学案，共12页。学案主要包含了学习目标，基础知识，考点剖析，真题演练，过关检测等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第09讲并列句和状语从句讲与练
【学习目标】
1.认识连接并列句和状语从句的连词
2.掌握并列句和状语从句的运用
【基础知识】

1．并列连词及重点句式
(1)并列连词的功能及常用的并列连词
并列连词既可以连接并列的单词或短语，也可以连接并列的分句。在语法填空无提示词的考查中，当两个或两个以上的单词、短语之间没有连词时，一般是填并列连词；当两个或两个以上的句子之间没有连词时，就需要根据逻辑关系来判定用并列连词还是从属关联词。
常见的并列连词有：
并列连词
并列关系或递进关系
and, when (＝and just at that time), not only ... but also ..., neither ... nor ..., both ... and ...
转折或对比关系
but, while (而，尽管), yet, not ... but ...
选择关系
or, either ... or ..., otherwise, or else (否则，要不然)
因果关系
for, so
(2)并列句的重点句式
●祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句。
●sb was doing sth when .../sb was about to do sth when ...
2．并列句的易错点
(1)并列句本身的易错点
并列句本身的易错点主要集中在三方面：一是逻辑关系不清，误用连词；二是连词的多余，如，although/though不能和but连用，because不能和so连用；三是连词的缺失，要牢记，两个谓语之间或两个分句之间应有一个连词。
(2)并列句与定语从句的区别
并列句与定语从句的主要区别在于：并列句是由and, but等并列连词连接两个简单句，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。
[典例1]　①They live in a small house, in front of stands an orange tree.
②They live in a small house, and in front of stands an orange tree.
解析　两句的区别是连词and，句①逗号后为非限制性定语从句，空格处为引导词，表示物，故填which；句②and连接两个并列分句，空格处指代前面分句中的small house，故填it。
(3)并列句与状语从句的区别
并列句是连词连接两个“互不依存的主谓结构”，两者之间是并列关系；而在状语从句中前后两个句子一个是主句，一个是从句，从句是用来修饰主句的。
[典例2]　① money is necessary for a happy life, it can't buy happiness.
②Money is necessary for a happy life, it can't buy happiness.
解析　两个题都应该填连词。句①空格所在句子是让步状语从句，故填从属连词Although/Though；句②空格前后是转折关系，是两个并列的简单句，故填并列连词but。

1．定语从句的引导词和解题步骤
●定语从句的引导词
定语从句
关系
代词
先行词是人
who/that(主语)，whom/that(宾语)，whose＝of whom(定语)
先行词是事或物
which/that(主语或宾语)，
whose(＝ of which，定语)
关系
副词
一般情况下，先行词为时间，在定语从句中作状语，用when(状语)；先行词为地点，在定语从句中作状语，用where(状语)；先行词为原因，在定语从句中作状语，用why(状语)，但特殊情况除外(参考下面的易错点)。
判断
方法
将先行词代入定语从句，代入后无需加介词的用关系代词，需要加介词的则用关系副词，然后根据所作成分再去确定具体用哪个引导词。
●定语从句的解题步骤

[典例]　But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid－1980s, I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
解析　第一步：找出句子中的先行词，并将其还原代入从句中，使从句成为一个完整的句子“in the mid－1980s I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild”；
第二步：确定被代入部分在从句中充当的成分。in the mid－1980s在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词；
第三步：先行词in the mid－1980s指时间，故填when。
2．定语从句的易错点
易错点1　what不能引导定语从句
[典例]　(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy.
解析　逗号后的从句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词your letter，在从句中作主语，指物。故将what改为which。
易错点2　that不能引导非限制性定语从句
[典例]　(2020·湖南省雅礼中学高三月考(一))Fortunately, the boy that I stayed with was crazy about football, that made my stay enjoyable.
解析　第二个that前的整个句子作先行词，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，后面的定语从句应用which引导，故将第二个that 改为which。
易错点3　定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的选择
[典例]　I simply cut the branch the bird was sitting on.
解析　定语从句的先行词为表示地点的branch，但定语从句缺少宾语，故填that/which。注意：此处不能用where。
易错点4　逗号后面的引导词不一定用which
[典例]　(2020·全国百校联盟高三TOP300尖子生联考)Despite this, the term was not made known to the academic world until the 20th century, which geographer Sven Hedin wrote a book titled “The Silk Road” in 1938.
解析　第二个逗号后为非限制性定语从句， 先行词the 20th century在从句中作时间状语，因此用when引导。故将which改为when。
易错点5　that与which的误用
下列情况只用that不用which
●当先行词是all, any, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词或被它们修饰时；
●当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时；
●当先行词被the only, the very, the just, the same等修饰时；
●当先行词既有人又有物时。
易错点6　非限制性定语从句中as和which的误用
as和which均可用来引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的内容，但as可位于句首，而which常位于句中；as常用于肯定句，而which可用于否定句；as常用于被动句，而which常用于主动句。此外，as译作“正如，正像”，而which译作“这，这一点”。
The mother tried to persuade her son to give up smoking, which didn't help.
母亲竭力劝说儿子戒烟，但没有作用。
As the old saying goes, “You can't judge a book by its cover”．
正如谚语所言“人不可貌相”。

名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句这四种从句。
1．名词性从句的引导词
名词性从句
连词that
没有词义，不作句子成分，引导宾语从句时可省略
连词if/
whether
意为“是否”，不作句子成分，引导宾语从句时一般可互换
连接代词
有词义，作句子成分：who (ever), whom (ever), which (ever), what (ever), whose
连接副词
有词义，作句子成分：when (ever), where (ever), why (ever), how (ever)
2．名词性从句的易错点
易错点1　that与what的误用
[典例1]　(2020·广西柳州市高三上学期摸底考)However, it's not just when you eat that matters, but that you eat also matters.
解析　句意：但是，重要的不只是你什么时候吃，而是你吃了什么。 you eat是主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，故将that改为what。
[典例2]　It is cheerful what the local authorities have promised them to shorten the time of obtaining it.
解析　It为形式主语，cheerful后面的句子为主语从句，引导词在从句中不作任何成分也无任何意义。故将what改为that。
易错点2　that与if/whether的误用
[典例1]　I'm glad to hear if you're coming to Sichuan in August.
解析　hear后为宾语从句，句意表示“我听说你要来”，而非“我听说你是否要来”。故if→that或去掉if。
[典例2]　(2020·黑龙江省哈尔滨市第一中学高三6月一模)Still, I doubted that the letter from my past would make it to me, all these years later.
解析　doubt后为宾语从句，在肯定句中，doubt后接whether引导从句，表示疑问。故将that改为whether。
易错点3　which与that, what的误用
[典例1]　(2020·重庆市七校高三6月联考)The American people finally had an opportunity to express their concern about that was happening to the land, rivers, lakes and air.
解析　名词性从句中that不作任何成分，只起连接作用，about后为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“发生……的事情”。故将that改为what。
[典例2]　(2020·陕西省西安中学高三适应性考试)The example I frequently share with teens is the question of which one will do if he is pushed into a deep lake.
解析　在名词性从句中which和what都为连接代词，但which表示“哪一个”，而what表示“……的事情/物”。故将which改为what。
易错点4　if与whether的误用
[典例]　(2020·甘肃省天水市第一中学高三二模)He is not sure if it is right or not.
解析　if和whether都可引导宾语从句意为“是否”，但if不能跟or not连用等。故将if改为whether。
易错点5　that, what与连接副词的误用
[典例1]　(2020·“皖南八校”高三摸底联考)I don't remember that it first started annoying me—her hands pushing my hair that way.
解析　句意：我不记得母亲最初是什么时候开始用手拨弄我的头发了。此处为宾语从句，表示时间，用连接副词when。故将第一个that改为when。
[典例2]　(2020·全国百校联盟高三TOP300尖子生联考)The choice of our idols reflects that how we see the world.
解析　句意：我们对偶像的选择反映出我们如何看世界。此处用how引导宾语从句，在从句中作方式状语，故that多余。故删除how前的that。

1．状语从句的分类及常用连词
状语从句
时间状语
when, while, as, before, after, once, till, until, since, every time, the moment, hardly ... when
地点状语
where, wherever (无论什么地方，不管哪里)
原因状语
because, since, as, now that (＝since 既然，由于)
目的状语
so that (为了，以便)，in order that, in case (以防万一)
结果状语
so that (结果), so ... that, such ... that (如此……以至于)
条件状语
if, unless (除非，如果不), as long as (只要), so long as (只要), on condition that (条件是), in case (如果，万一)
方式状语
as (像，依照), as if/as though (好像，仿佛)
让步状语
although, though, as (状语或表语要提到as前，作表语的单数可数名词提前时，不用a或an)，even if/even though (即使), whether ... or ... (不管……还是), whoever (＝no matter who), whatever (＝no matter what), whenever (＝no matter when), whichever (＝no matter which)
比较状语
than, as ... as ..., not as ... as ..., not so ... as ..., the same ... as ..., such ... as ..., the more ... the more ...
2．状语从句的易错点
易错点1　逻辑关系不清，导致连词误用
[典例]　If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it.
解析　根据语意“尽管我在那件教室学习时还只是个小孩子，但我永远不会忘记那间教室。”可知，此处应为让步状语从句，故应将If改为Although/Though。
易错点2　受到汉语干扰，导致连词重复
[典例]　Every time when he arrived home at the end of the day, we'd greet him at the door.
解析　汉语可以说“每次当……时候”，但英语中every time和when同为连词，不能同时引导时间状语从句，故去掉when。


【考点剖析】
1. I’ll be out for some time. _______ anything important happens, call me up immediately. （2014四川）
A. In case B. As if C. Even though D. Now that
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我要出去一会。万一有重要事情的话，立即给我打电话。in case引导条件状语从句
2. I took my driving license with me on holiday, ______ I wanted to hire a car. (2013北京)
A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. if only
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我度假的时候随身带着我的驾照，以备想租车的时候用。in case意为“以防”，引导目的状语从句。
3. You won’t find paper cutting difficult ________ you keep practicing it. （2015北京）
A. even though B. as long as C. as if D. ever since
【答案】B
【解析】由句意“只要你坚持练习，你会发现剪纸并不难。”可知，应用as long as引导条件状语从句。as long as意为“只要”。
4.— Coach, can I continue with the training?
— Sorry, you can’t ______ you haven’t recovered from the knee injury. (2012重庆)
A. until B. before C. as D. unless
【答案】C
【解析】由答语的意思“对不起，你不能（继续训练），因为你的膝盖伤还没有痊愈。”可知，这里表示原因，应用as引导原因状语从句。
短文改错
短文改错对并列句和复合句的考查主要集中于连词的误用、缺失或多余。
1. Actually, I started to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, for I have long been out of practice.

【答案】for→but/yet　
【解析】句意：事实上我7岁就开始学习功夫，但我早就不练习了。此处前句提到“我7岁开始学功夫”，后句提到“很久没有练习了”。此处前后应是转折关系。故将for改为but/yet。
2． Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.

【答案】what→that　
【解析】这里含有一个定语从句，先行词是all the food，在从句中作主语，引导词可用that或which，先行词被all所修饰，只能使用that，不能使用which，故将what改为that。
3. At the end of out trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, but he agreed.

【答案】but→and　
【解析】根据语意可知，此处为并列递进关系，而非转折关系。
4． What is known to all, eating self­cooked food is a much healthier and less costly way of life than eating in a restaurant.

【答案】What→As　
【解析】as is known to all “众所周知”，是固定用法，as引导非限制性定语从句，故将What改为As。
5． What bad weather! I hate it so I can't go out to play.

【答案】so→because　
【解析】根据句意可知，此处表示原因，故将so改为because。

【真题演练】
1．Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
【答案】what　
【解析】设空处引导宾语从句，宾语从句中缺主语，且根据句意，此处表示“什么”之意。故填what。
2． he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
【答案】When/As　
【解析】本句为时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，且从句中动词ask为短暂性动词，不能用while引导，故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
3. They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for these animals.
【答案】who　
【解析】分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰指人的先行词their masters，且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词who。
4． Self­driving is an area China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
【答案】where　
【解析】该句为定语从句，句中an area为先行词，在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导该定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是中国和世界其他地区站在同一起跑线上的领域。
5． The gold medal will be awarded to wins the first place in the bicycle race.
【答案】who/whoever　
【解析】介词to后是宾语从句。从句中动词wins前缺主语，此处表述： 获得第一名的人/任何获得第一名的人。故用who/whoever引导宾语从句。
【过关检测】
1. The doctor shares his phone number with the patients __________ they need medical assistance.
A. if only B. as if C. even though D. in case
【答案】D
【解析】医生把他的电话号码给了病人们，以备他们需要医疗救助。in case引导目的状语从句，表示“以便”。
2. Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend ________ they get sweet enough to be eaten.
A. ever since B. as if C. even though D. so that
【答案】D
【解析】so that引导目的状语从句，表示“以便”。
3. Cathy had quit her job when her son was born _______ she could stay home and raise her family.
A. now that B. as if C. only if D. so that
【答案】D
【解析】so that引导目的状语从句，表示“以便”。
4. _________ we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
A. Although B. While C. If D. Until
【答案】C
【解析】由句意“如果我们不阻止气候变化，很多动植物就会死去。”可知，应用if引导条件状语从句。
5. _______ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights. A. Once B. Unless C. If D. When
【答案】B
【解析】由句意“除非你睡好觉，否则过一，两个晚上，你就会失去集中注意力，计划和保持积极性的能力。”可知，应用unless引导条件状语从句。unless意为“除非”。
6. _______ the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.
A. Until B. Unless C. Once D. Although
【答案】C
【解析】由句意“一旦造成损害，土地就需要很多年才能恢复过来。”可知，应用once引导条件状语从句。once意为“一旦”。
7. I really enjoy listening to music _________ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.
A. because B. before C. unless D. until
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我非常喜欢听音乐，因为这有助于我放松并从日常琐事中解脱出来。because意为“因为”，引导原因状语从句。
8. Mark needs to learn Chinese _______ his company is opening a branch in Beijing.
A. unless B. until C. although D. since
【答案】D
【解析】句意：马克需要学习汉语，因为他的公司要在北京开分公司。 since表示“由于，因为”，引导原因状语从句。
9.The weather was __________ cold that I didn’t like to leave my room.
A. really B. such C. too D. so
【答案】D
【解析】so…that引导结果状语从句。cold是形容词，故用so，不用such。
10. _______ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.
A.Once B. If C. Although D. Because
【答案】C
【解析】由句意“虽然鸟用羽毛来飞行，但是有些羽毛还有别的用途。”可知，应用although引导让步状语从句。
11. My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, he’s in his nineties.
A. as long as B. as if C. even though D. in case
【答案】C
【解析】由句意“我爷爷还时不时地打网球，即使他已经九十多岁了。”可知，应用even though引导让步状语从句。
12. ___ the students came from different countries, they got along quite well in the summer camp.
A. While B. Unless C. Since D. Until
【答案】A
【解析】由句意“虽然学生们来自不同的国家，但是他们在夏令营期间相处得非常融洽。”可知，应用while引导让步状语从句。
13._______ the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year.
A. As B. When C. Even though D. In case
【答案】C
【解析】由句意“虽然森林公园很偏远，但是每年还有很多游客来。”可知，应用even though引导让步状语从句。
14. Jack wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him _______ he had done something very clever.
A. as if B. in case C. while D. though
【答案】A
【解析】句意：杰克什么也没说，可是，老师向他微笑着，好像他做了什么很聪明的事似的。as if意为“好像，似乎”，引导方式状语从句。
15. According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer _________ a woman.
A. than B. such C. so D. as
【答案】D
【解析】as是比较连词，与前面的as likely构成同级比较。
16. Unless some extra money ____, the theatre will close.
A. was found B. finds C. is found D. found
【答案】C
【解析】unless引导条件状语从句，表示将来的事情，应用一般现在时。
17. You’d better write down her phone number before you _______ it.
A. forget B. are forgetting C. forgot D. will forget
【答案】A
【解析】before引导时间状语从句，表示将来的事情，应用一般现在时。
18. Whenever you _______ a present, you should think about it from the receiver’s point of view.
A. bought B. have bought C. will buy D. buy
【答案】D
【解析】whenever引导时间状语从句，表示将来的事情，应用一般现在时。
19.Try ______ she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open.
A. if B. when C. since D. as
【答案】D
【解析】句意：虽然苏竭尽全力，可就是打不开门。as引导让步状语从句时，而且要用倒装语序。这里的as也可以用though替换。
20. No matter how ________, it is not necessarily lifeless.
A. a desert may be dry B. dry a desert may be
C. may a desert be dry D. dry may a desert be
【答案】B
【解析】no matter how引导让步状语从句，语序为：no matter how+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数。
21. ______ you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.
A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problem
C. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem
【答案】C
【解析】句意：不管问题有多严重，你都应鼓起勇气来面对挑战。however引导让步状语从句，意为“无论，不管”。however与“形容词+名词”连用时，其顺序是：however+形容词+a/an+名词。
22. __________ that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere.
A. So successful her business was B. So successful was her business
C. So her business was successful D. So was her successful business
【答案】B
【解析】 so…that引导结果状语从句，so置于句首，要用倒装语序。
23. So much of interest __________ that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all.
A. offers Beijing B. Beijing offers C. does Beijing offer D. Beijing does offer
【答案】C
【解析】so…that引导结果状语从句，so置于句首，要用倒装语序。谓语动词是实义动词offer，应借助于助动词do形成部分倒装。
24. _____ you start eating in a healthier way, weight control will become much easier.
A. Unless B. Although C. Before D. Once
【答案】D
【解析】句意：一旦你开始健康饮食，减肥就更加容易了。用once引导条件状语从句。
25. You will never gain success _______ you are fully devoted to your work.
A. when B. because C. after D. unless
【答案】D
【解析】由句意“除非你全身心投入工作，否则你永远不会获得成功。”可知，应用unless引导条件状语从句。
26. Leave your key with your neighbor you lock yourself out one day. (2012辽宁)
A. as long as B. even though C. in case D. as if
【答案】C
【解析】句意：给你的邻居留把钥匙，以防哪天把你自己锁在外面。in case意为“以防”，引导目的状语从句。
27. Animals suffered at the hands of Man __________ they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural land to provide food for more people.
A. in which B. for which C. so that D. in that
【答案】D
【解析】句意：动物在人类的手中遭受痛苦，因为人类毁灭它们的家园以扩大耕地，为更多的人提供食物。in that引导原因状语从句，意为“因为”。
28. The police officers in our city work hard ______ the rest of us can live a safe life. (2011上海)
A. in case B. as if C. in order that D. only if
【答案】C
【解析】句意：为了使我们过上安全的生活，我们市里的警务人员工作都很努力。in order that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便”。
29. Pop music is such an important part of society __________ it has even influenced our language.
A. as B. that C. which D. where
【答案】B
【解析】such…that…引导结果状语从句。