外研版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 The world of science导学案及答案

这是一份外研版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 The world of science导学案及答案，文件包含Part1docx、Part2docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共60页， 欢迎下载使用。
Part 2　Developing ideas,Presenting ideas,Reflection1.主题语境:人与社会——科学精神。2.语篇类型:论说文。3.课文内容分析:本文介绍了人们对Franklin 著名的风筝实验真实性的怀疑和求证。阅读本文,有利于引导学生初步了解科学精神的内涵,培养学生的批判性思维和严谨、认真的学习态度,并使他们懂得在追求科学的道路上,应该秉承实事求是、一丝不苟的精神。Theme:Is Franklin’s experiment entirely true?Question:If Franklin had actually touched the key,he would certainly have 6.　　　　 the electric shock. The other example:There is no proof that the apple,which inspired Newton to 7.　　　　 the theory of gravity,hit him 8.　　　　. Conclusion:①Neither the story nor the details of Franklin’s experiment are 9.　　　　. ②We should not always believe every 10.　　　　 idea we read or hear—even if it is a great story. 答案:1.a piece of string　2.was attached to the string　3.touched the key　4.an electric shock5.generations of schoolchildren　6.died from　7.come up with　8.on the head　9.entirely true　10.accepted1.Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and helped draft the Declaration of Independence and the US Constitution.(教材第32页)本杰明·富兰克林(1706—1790)是美国的开国元勋之一,他协助起草了《独立宣言》和美国宪法。◆declaration n.声明,宣告At the recent convention,they adopted a declaration.在最近的大会上,他们通过了一项声明。There is a declaration at the top of your document.在您的文档顶部是一个声明。declare表示“宣称;宣布”,其后的宾语可以是名词、代词,也可以是that从句,但习惯上不能是不定式。单句语法填空①The two nations made a joint　　　　(declare) against the war. ②She declared 　　　　(her) extremely hurt by his lack of support. ③He declared 　　　　 he was on good terms with her. 完成句子④They                   (宣布这个实验成功) after many failures.答案:①declaration　②herself　③that④declared the experiment to be successful2.A metal key was attached to the string.(教材第32页)细绳上绑着一把金属钥匙。◆attach v.系,绑;贴;附上The tourist attached labels to all his bags.那位游客把他的行李都贴上了标签。While I tend to buy a lot of books,these three were given to me as gifts,which might add to the meaning I attach to them.(2020年全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解B)虽然我倾向于买很多书,但这三本书是作为礼物送给我的,这可能会增加我赋予它们的意义。单句语法填空①The research unit is 　　　　(attach) to the university. ②I attach great importance 　　　　 this research. 答案:①attached　②to3.Franklin,along with many other scientists,has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions.(教材第32页)富兰克林与许多其他科学家一道,激励并教导我们科学实验对于推定真理与推动科学发现及发明而言都至关重要。◆in order to...为了……In order to catch the early bus,the boy got up early.为了赶上早班车,这个男孩早就起床了。The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further—changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse,even unusual functions.(2020年全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解D)麻省理工学院(MIT)的工程师们更进一步地改变了植物的实际组成,以使它们能够发挥不同的,甚至是不寻常的功能。单句语法填空①In order 　　　　(make) a living,they can do anything. ②We all get up early in order 　　　　 we may start at seven. ③She is 　　　　 wise as to solve the problem quickly. 完成句子④Sometimes my friend goes to the library 　　　　 (为了) borrow books. 答案:①to make　②that　③so　④in order to/ so as to4.Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton’s head and led him to come up with his theory of gravity.(教材第33页)一些科学家甚至也怀疑过牛顿的故事:一个苹果掉下来砸中了牛顿的脑袋,促使他提出了万有引力定律。◆come up with提出;想出Dave had come up with a very simple plan.戴夫提出了一个十分简单易行的计划。She’s trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.(2020年全国Ⅱ卷,阅读理解C)她试图想出一个标签贴在海狸鼠时装上,以表明它是环保的。come up的主语是物,表示“(计划、建议、议题等)被提出”,为不及物动词短语,不能用于被动语态;而come up with主语是人或团体组织,表示“(某人)提出”,为及物动词短语。单句语法填空①I never thought I could come　　　　my old deskmate here. ②Can you come up　　　　a new solution to the problem? ③His new book will come　　　　 at the end of this month. 完成句子④　　　　　　　　(当谈到……) in-person humour,effort counts a lot.(2020年江苏卷,任务型阅读) 答案:①across　②with　③out　④When it comes to5.In fact,more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple,there is no proof that it hit him on the head.(教材第33页)事实上,不止一处资料显示,虽然牛顿的灵感确实来源于掉落的苹果,但没有证据表明这个苹果恰巧砸在了他的脑袋上。◆account n.记述,描述;报道;账户 v.说明,解释He was too shocked to give an account of what had happened.他因受惊过度而无法描述所发生的事情。Can you account for your whereabouts on that night?你能说明一下你那天晚上的行踪吗?单句语法填空①I was a new teacher,and I gave 　　　　 honest account of the students’ work. ②The results held true even after the scientists accounted 　　　　 the participants’ overall health status.(2020年浙江卷,阅读理解C) ③One must take the audience 　　　　 account when making speeches. 完成句子④　　　　　　　　　　　　(决不) should the house be left unlocked. ⑤She retired early 　　　　　　　　　　(由于) ill health. 答案:①an　②for　③into　④On no account/In no way　⑤on account of/because ofHowever,neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true.(教材第33页)然而,不管是故事本身还是实验细节都并非完全属实。◆neither...nor... 既不……也不……As the author explains,this is neither a travel nor a history book,or even a piece of reportage.(2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷,阅读C)正如作者所解释的,这既不是旅行,也不是历史书,甚至不是一篇报告文学。Without motivation,you can neither set a goal nor reach it.没有动机,你既不能树立目标也不能实现它。主谓一致的“就近原则”指谓语动词在人称和数上与靠近它的主语保持一致,常出现在这类句子中的连词还有or、“either...or...”、“not only...but (also)...”、“not...but...”和there be句型等。单句语法填空①Not only the students but also their teacher 　　　　(be) enjoying the film. ②It is not I but you who 　　　　(be) the first to run to the goal in the competition. ③Neither I nor he 　　　　(like) playing tricks on others. 答案:①is　②are　③likesAlthough it has been proved that Franklin’s experiment took place,more than one scientist has questioned what really happened.(教材第33页)虽然已证实富兰克林的这一实验确有其事,不少科学家还是对事实真相提出了质疑。本句为主从复合句。Although引导的是一个让步状语从句,其中that引导的宾语从句作prove的宾语,在主句中,what引导的宾语从句作question的宾语,且what在从句中作主语。单句情境写作①尽管人们相信去外太空和其他星球的旅行不再是一场梦,大多数人还是不知道应该必备什么条件。     ②虽然我们认为先进的科学技术给我们的日常生活带来了便利,我们仍坚持做技术所不能代替的事情。     ③尽管众所周知因特网使学习更加容易,父母也应该精心挑选适合自己孩子的内容。      答案:①Although it is believed that the journey to outer space and other planets is no longer a dream,most people still don’t know what qualifications are necessary.②Although we think that advanced technology has brought convenience to our daily life,we still insist on doing what can’t be replaced by technology.③Although it is well known that the Internet makes learning easier,parents should also pick out what is suitable for their children.1....the story may be fiction instead of fact.(教材第32页)……这个故事可能是虚构的,而并非事实。◆instead of...而不是……;代替What if later in life they come to a metaphorical door,like an opportunity(机会) of some sort,and instead of opening the door and taking the opportunity,they just stare at it and wonder ...(2020年全国Ⅰ卷,完形填空)如果在以后的生活中,他们来到一个隐喻的门前,比如一个机会,他们只是盯着它想,而不是打开门抓住机会……We’ll go by bus instead of on foot.我们坐车去,而不是步行去。He went there instead of his father.=His father didn’t go there.He went there instead.他代替父亲去了那儿。Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.(2019年全国Ⅰ卷,七选五)看见窗外树枝的住院病人可能要比看到楼房和天空的病人恢复得更快。We should encourage them instead of throwing cold water on them.我们应该鼓励他们而不是对他们泼冷水。We use gas in place of coal in cooking.我们用煤气代替煤做饭。Computers have taken the place of typewriters in most offices.在大多数办公室,电脑已经取代了打字机。2....he would certainly have died from the electric shock.(教材第33页)……他必定会被电死。◆die from 死于……The fish die from polluted water.这群鱼死于被污染的水。In cold winters,many wild animals can die of hungry.在寒冷的冬天,许多野生动物会死于饥饿。完成句子①I’m dying　　　　(想要) a cup of coffee. ②I’m　　　　　　　　　　(想知道) what happened. ③Although the wind has 　　　　　　　(减弱),the rain remains steady,so you still need a raincoat. ④The noise of the plane 　　　　　　　　(消失) in the distance. ⑤Perhaps too much fighting caused the dinosaurs to　　　　　　　　(灭绝). 答案:①for　②dying to know　③died down　④died away　⑤die out3....while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple,there is no proof that it hit him on the head.(教材第33页)……虽然牛顿的灵感确实来源于掉落的苹果,但没有证据表明这个苹果恰巧砸在了他的脑袋上。While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin,they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.(2019年全国Ⅰ卷,七选五)虽然太阳光线会老化和伤害我们的皮肤,但它们也会供给我们有益的维生素D。You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.(2019年全国Ⅱ卷,七选五)当你树立目标时,必须把这几点记在脑海里。My wife was silent while I was reading.我读书的时候,我妻子默默不语。(当……的时候)You like sports,while I’d rather read.你喜欢体育,而我宁愿读书。(表对比)While online shopping has changed our life,not all of its effects have been positive.尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活,但并非它所有的影响都是正面的。(虽然,尽管)Would you like to come in and rest for a while?你要不要进来休息一会儿?(一会儿)Writing an experiment report 1.文体类型:实验报告,属于应用文范畴,常用于把实验目的、方法、过程、结果等记录下来,经过整理写成书面汇总材料。2.要点内容:先介绍实验目的和实验所需器材,再介绍实验过程及结论。实验报告首段常用句式:The purpose of our experiment is to...We do this experiment in order to find out...By doing this experiment,we intend to...We aim to...in this experiment.实验报告中段常用句式:Before we...,we...First,we...Then,we...Finally,we...First of all,we...Next,we...实验报告尾段常用句式:According to the experiment,we can draw a conclusion that...The result of the experiment shows that...This experiment suggests that...请根据下面的要求写一份有关水沸腾的实验报告,词数为80个左右。1.实验目的:观察水沸腾时的温度与当时所发生的变化。2.实验器材:一个试管(a test tube)、水、一个温度计(thermometer)、一个本生灯(Bunsen burner)。3.实验过程:(1)将试管注水一半;(2)把温度计放到试管里;(3)把试管里的水加热,观察温度计的读数。4.实验结果:当温度达到100摄氏度(degree centigrade)时,气泡开始出现。5.实验结论:(1)当温度达到100摄氏度时,水会沸腾;(2)在沸腾的过程中会出现许多气泡。Water boiling experiment       Ⅰ.对接单元词汇1.　　　　 adv.完全地,彻底地 2.　　　　 adj.科学(上)的 3.　　　　 n.(科学)实验 4.　　　　 v.传导(热、电);实施 5.　　　　　　　　 实地研究,实地调研 6.　　　　　　　　 准备 答案:1.entirely　2.scientific　3.experiment4.conduct　5.field research　6.prepare forⅡ.巧用单元句式、语法1.我们可以做个科学实验来弄清楚。We can 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 to find out. 2.我们需要准备下列材料。We need to 　　　　　　　　 the following materials. 3.把试管里的水加热。　　　　 the 　　　　 in the test tube. 4.然后,观察温度计的读数。Then,　　　　the reading　　　　the thermometer. 5.水已经被加热到100摄氏度了。The water 　　　　　　　　　　　　to 100 degrees centigrade. 6.水完全沸腾了,大量的气泡出现了。The water 　　　　　　　　 and 　　　　　　　　　　　　 bubbles appear. 7.如果你对这个结论感兴趣,你可以跟你的老师在实验室做一个实地研究。If you 　　　　　　　　 this conclusion,you can do a 　　　　　　　 with your teacher in the laboratory. 答案:1.conduct a scientific experiment2.prepare for　3.Heat;water　4.watch;of5.has been heated　6.entirely boils;a lot of7.are interested in;field research将句5、句6改成含有状语从句的句子。  答案:When the water has been heated to 100 degrees centigrade,the water entirely boils and a lot of bubbles appear.Water boiling experiment　　Wondering the temperature when water is boiling and what will happen,here we can conduct a scientific experiment to find out.Before we start,we need to prepare for the following materials:a test tube,some water,a thermometer and a Bunsen burner.First,fill the test tube half full of water and then put the thermometer in the test tube with water.Next,heat the water in the test tube and then,watch the reading of the thermometer.We can observe that,when the water has been heated to 100 degrees centigrade,the water entirely boils and a lot of bubbles appear.According to the experiment,we can draw a conclusion that water will boil when the temperature reaches 100 degrees centigrade,during which a lot of bubbles appear.If you are interested in this conclusion,you can do a field reasearch with your teacher in the laboratory.请根据下列要求写一份关于金属镁燃烧的实验报告。词数为80个左右。1.实验目的:观察镁在空气中燃烧产生的现象;2.实验器材:一块镁(magnesium)条、一个酒精灯、一个金属夹子。3.实验过程:(1)点燃酒精灯;(2)用夹子夹住镁条;(3)把镁条放到酒精灯的火焰上观察。4.验结果:镁条加热后燃烧,生成白色物质。5.实验结论:镁能与空气中的氧发生反应,生成氧化镁(magnesium oxide)。      One possible version:The purpose of our experiment today is to find out what will happen if magnesium burns in the air.Before we start,we can prepare for the following materials: a piece of magnesium,an alcohol burner and a pair of tongs.First,light the alcohol burner and then use the tongs to hold the piece of magnesium.When the piece of magnesium has been put on the flame of the alcohol burner,the piece of magnesium begins to burn and then produces a kind of white substance.According to the experiment,we can draw a conclusion that magnesium reacts with the air and produces a kind of substance called magnesium oxide.课时作业(六)　Unit 3　Part 2 　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　 Ⅰ.语境填词1.If it 　　　　(rain) tomorrow,we will put off the picnic. 2.In the past decades,we have witnessed China’s many 　　　　(science) achievements. 3.As winter 　　　　(approach),some birds fly to the south to escape the coldness. 4.The mother,along with her two children,　　　　　　　　(rescue) from the sinking boat last week. 5.In the experiment,the string is designed 　　　　　　　　(conduct) electricity when it is wet. 6.The couple were walking in the woods when suddenly a branch hit the wife 　　　　 the head. 7.Before I begin,let’s make 　　　　 clear that it’s only a casual talk. 8.It was reported that neither the athletes nor their coach 　　　　(be) satisfied with the result of the match. 9.It went through several 　　　　(draft) before being published. 10.Schools are supposed to attach more importance 　　　　 students’ physical training. 答案:1.rains　2.scientific　3.approaches4.was rescued　5.to conduct　6.on7.it　8.was　9.drafts　10.toⅡ.单句情境写作1.　　　　　　　　(附在……上的) the gift was a note on which he expressed his appreciation. 2.I don’t know who 　　　　　　　　　　　　(想出) this idea,but it is really wonderful. 3.The plot lines(主要情节) of these cartoons are simple and they often 　　　　　　　　(发生) at home or school. 4.It was a difficult time.　　　　　　　　(除了……外) everything else,we had financial problems. 5.Due to the cold weather,the little girl 　　　　 herself 　　　　(紧挨着) her mother closely. 答案:1.Attached to　2.came up with　3.take place　4.Apart from　5.tied;to　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　 Ⅰ.阅读理解Researchers from the MIT Media Lab,Boston Children’s Hospital,and Northeastern University used a robotic teddy bear,“Huggable”,across the Boston Children’s Hospital.More than 50 hospitalised children were divided into three groups that involved Huggable,a tablet-based virtual Huggable,or a traditional toy teddy bear.In general,the robotic Huggable was proved to help bring more positive outcomes over the other two choices.When first designed,Huggable was operated remotely by a specialist outside a child’s room for the moment.Through software,the specialist could control the robot’s facial expressions and body actions.The specialists could also talk through a speaker—with their voice automatically changed to a sound more childlike—and monitor the participants via camera.During the treatments involving Huggable for kids aged 3 to 10 years,a specialist would sing nursery rhymes to younger children through the robotic bear and move the arms during the song.Older kids would play the I Spy game,where they had to guess an object in the room described by the specialist through Huggable.Through self-reports and questionnaires,the researchers recorded how much the patients and their families liked Huggable.A greater percentage of children and their parents reported that the children enjoyed playing with Huggable more than with the virtual figure or the traditional teddy bear.The study proved the possibility of including Huggable in the treatments for children.Results also showed that children playing with Huggable experienced more positive emotions overall.They also got out of bed and moved around more,and were emotionally connected with the robot,asking it personal questions and inviting it to come back later to meet their families.“Such improved emotional and physical outcomes are all positive factors that could contribute to hospitalised children’s better and faster recovery,”the researchers wrote in their study.The study also provided a basis for developing a fully autonomous Huggable robot,which is the researchers’ final goal.In the future,that automated robot could be used to improve children’s further treatment and care,and monitor their well-being.1.What can we learn about Huggable?A.It was first designed for disabled kids.B.It can make facial expressions.C.It talks like a caring parent.D.It works automatically.2.What’s the children’s attitude towards“Huggable”?A.Favorable. B.Conventional.C.Disappointing. D.Unhelpful.3.How did Huggable help the hospitalised children with their treatment?A.It improved their mental experience.B.It protected them from possible virus.C.It gave tips on taking good care of young patients.D.It provided up-to-date information about their diseases.4.What is the text mainly about?A.The fast development of robots in medical area.B.A new technology in medicine to treat children.C.Robots’ advantages over other methods of treatment.D.A robotic teddy bear used in caring for hospitalised children.语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种用于照顾住院儿童的机器人泰迪熊。研究人员在波士顿儿童医院使用机器人泰迪熊Huggable来辅助治疗儿童患者。研究证明自动化机器人可以用来协助儿童的进一步治疗和护理。阅读本文,有利于培养学生热爱科学的兴趣,并拓宽学生的知识面。答案及剖析:1.B　细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第二段第二句可知, Huggable是有表情的。故选B。2.A　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第三段中的最后一句可知,孩子们更愿意和Huggable一起玩,对它持肯定态度。故选A。3.A　细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据倒数第二段的内容可知,Huggable通过改善孩子们的精神体验来帮助他们的治疗。故选A。4.D　主旨大意题。考查学生理解文本主旨要义的能力。根据第一段中的第一句以及下文对这项研究的介绍可知,文章主要介绍了一种用于照顾住院儿童的机器人泰迪熊。故选D。Ⅱ.完形填空According to a study led by Nottingham Trent University in Britain,the 　1　 person looks at their phones 86 times a day,　2　 over the Internet or using apps.　3　 their status on social media platforms also makes people 　4　 their electronic companion 　5　. Do you actually look at your surroundings more than at your 　6　?Is it rude to check your phone when someone is talking to you? Sherry Turkle interviewed hundreds of college students about this.They talked about 　7　 they called “the rule of three”.The rule has to do with being considerate to others 　8　 the attraction of the little flat box.Turkle explained,“If you go to dinner with friends,you don’t look down at your phone 　9　 you see that three people are looking up in the conversation.You follow the rule in order to keep a little conversation 　10　.” Actually,if you are clever enough you might use your phone as a(n)　11　 to connect with people next to you.How about 　12　 them pictures stored in its memory?Sharing a bit of your life with them can bring you 　13　 together.But the best thing to deal with mobile phone addiction is to 　14　 and leave the machine behind occasionally.Life might be what happens when you are too 　15　 staring at a small screen. 1.A.equal B.commonC.average D.strong2.A.going B.turningC.thinking D.glancing3.A.Submitting B.ApprovingC.Downloading D.Updating4.A.hold on B.reach forC.look into D.see through5.A.frequently B.regularlyC.generally D.rarely6.A.friend B.familyC.phone D.book7.A.that B.whichC.who D.what8.A.in spite of B.in place ofC.in charge of D.in addition to9.A.before B.afterC.until D.once10.A.alive B.boringC.demanding D.exhausting11.A.action B.measureC.tool D.treatment12.A.making B.givingC.taking D.showing13.A.closer B.furtherC.higher D.longer14.A.damage B.quitC.pause D.freeze15.A.free B.kindC.sad D.busy语篇导读:本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过两项研究表明现代人对手机的过分依赖严重影响了现实生活中的人际沟通,并对此提出了解决办法。阅读本文,有利于培养学生的批判性思维方式,引导学生正确对待和使用电子设备。[文章脉络]答案及剖析:1.C　根据语境可知,此处应指研究表明,普通(average) 人每天频繁查看手机。故选C。2.D　根据语境可知,此处指普通人每天查看手机86次以浏览互联网或使用应用软件。glance over意为“浏览,翻阅”。故选D。3.D　根据上下文语境可知,此处应表示人们更新(Updating) 他们在社交平台的动态。故选D。4.B　根据语境可知,此处指伸手拿手机。reach for sth.意为“伸手够某物”。故选B。5.A　根据语境可知,此处指人们频繁地(frequently) 拿起他们的电子伴侣。故选A。6.C　根据语境可知,此处指你看你周围环境的次数比看你手机(phone)的次数更多吗?故选C。7.D　分析句子结构可知,此处引导宾语从句,从句中缺少宾语,应用what引导。故选D。8.A　根据语境可知,此处指这个规则要求人们要为他人着想而不顾手机的诱惑。in spite of意为“尽管,不管”。故选A。9.D　根据上下文语境可知,此处应表示一旦(once) 看到有三个人都在抬头讲话,你就不要去看手机。故选D。10.A　根据语境可知,此处指你遵循原则是为了让谈话变得活跃(alive)。故选A。11.C　根据语境可知,此处指如果你足够聪明,你可能会把手机当作一种与身边的人沟通的工具(tool)。故选C。12.D　根据下文中的“Sharing a bit of your life with them”可推知,此处应表示向他们展示(showing) 储存在手机里的照片。故选D。13.A　根据语境可知,此处指和他们分享你的生活可以让你们更亲近(closer)。故选A。14.B　根据语境可推知,此处指你应该戒除(quit) 手机上瘾。故选B。15.D　根据语境可知,此处指生活(中的事)可能就发生在你太过忙于(busy) 盯着那块小屏幕时。故选D。