专题01 必修一Unit1基础知识复习-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清（译林版2020）

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专题01 必修一Unit1基础知识复习-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清（译林版2020） 必修一Unit1基础知识复习：  单词词组搭配  短语  写作和范文欣赏-建议信  练习 单词变形词组搭配potential n./adj. 潜力；潜在的potentially  adv.潜在地have the potential to do sth.有做某事的潜力senior adj./ n.级别高的；老年的 (反义词) junior adj./ n. 级别低的；青少年be senior/junior to比……高级/低级 challenge n./v.  挑战challenging  adj. 挑战性的face the challenge面对挑战accept/ take on a challenge接受挑战critical  adj.批判性的；关键的critically  adv.批判性地critical thinking 批判性思维positive adj./n. 积极乐观的；正面的（反义词）negative adj.消极的；否定的neutral  adj.中性的，中立的take/hold/have a positive/negative attitude to/towards...对……持积极的/消极的态度opportunity n.机会，时机（复数）opportunities→（同义词）chancehave an opportunity/a chance to do 有做某事的机会acquire  vt.获得acquisition  n.获得acquire knowledge获取知识advance  n．进步，进展；行进 vt.& vi.发展，进步advanced  adj.高级的，先进的in advance=ahead of time提前，预先make advances in在……方面取得进步equal adj.平等的equality  n.平等;均等;相等be equal to  能胜任.....;与...........平等responsible adj.有责任；可靠的responsibility  n责任，职责；义务be responsible for=take responsibility for 对……负责independent  adj.自主的，有主见的；自立的independence n.独立； 自主 independently adv.独立地自主地；自力地depend  vi. 依靠；依赖dependent adj. 依靠的；从属的dependence n. 依靠；依赖be independent of.........与。。。独立depend on/upon 依靠，取决于 technique n. 技巧；技艺；技能technical  adj. 工艺的，科技的；技术上的；专门的technology  n. 技术 professional adj.职业的，专业的；n.专门人员，专业人士profession n. 职业；专业professionally  adv.娴熟地，老练地，内行地amateur  adj.业余的（反义词） contribution  n. 贡献；捐款；捐赠contributor  n.贡献者；投稿者；捐助者contribute vt.捐赠；贡献；投稿 make contributions to 对……做出贡献 contribute to对……做出贡献；促成，导致 fortunately  adv. 幸运地fortune  n. 财富；命运；运气fortunate  adj. 幸运的;吉利的misfortune n.不幸unfortunate  adj. 不幸的unfortunately  adv.不幸地seek a fortune 寻找财富tell one’s fortune  算命make a fortune发财; 赚钱have the good fortune to do sth有幸做某事option  n. 选择optional adj. 可选择的optionally  adv.随意地Compulsory adj. 义务的；必修的；被强制的have no option but to do...除了做某事别无选择optional courses  选修课 individual  n./adj. 个人；个人的individually  adv.个人地 exchange  v.交换 in exchange for 作为……的交换 exchange sth for sth with sb 和某人交换某物balance  n./v. 平衡；使......平衡 balanced adj. 平衡的keep a balance between A and B 在A和B之间保持一个平衡 短语中文意思a promising future  一个有前途的未来lie in  存在；在于rise to   能够处理make the most of=make full use of=take full advantage of充分利用，尽情享受take advantage of利用make efforts to do sthspare no effort to do努力做某事不遗余力做某事last but not least最后但同样重要refer to 指代；涉及；查阅；提到the long-term goal the short-term goal 长期目标  短期目标stick to stick to (doing) sth. 坚持；固守；维持坚持（做）某事pay off pay backpay a price for...成功，带来好的结果；还清（债务等）还钱; 报复为……付出代价sign up for 报名参加in terms of 就。。。而言，在。。。方面give comments on/upon...就。。。发表评论over time=as time goes on/by 随着时间流逝lay out be laid out neatly 布置，安排被整齐地布置put on 上演；播放focus on focus one’s attention/eyes/energy on...聚焦于集中注意力/目光/精力于……stick to   坚持be tough on 对……严格aim at doing sth/aim to do sthbe aimed at意欲/企图/力求做某事目的是; 旨在   写作和范文欣赏-建议信写作技巧一般而言，建议信属于半开放式作文，大多数要求学生根据所给的材料给出有针对性的解决办法或者提出合理的建议，材料多为征求建议的信件。合理安排建议信的内容结构  一般建议信采取三段式结构：  第一段：针对对方对自己的信任简单表示感谢，也可以表明自己的写作意图。  第二段：这是主体段。围绕对方的困扰、烦恼、问题，用委婉的且准确地语言提出自己的建议和方法。注意要充分考虑到对方的实际问题，语言要得体，不能泛泛而谈。  第三段：也就是结尾段。表达希望，希望自己的建议能够帮助到对方。掌握建议信的写作特点  语气要诚恳、顾及对方的感受；建议的内容要具体，不能含糊其辞；可提供的建议通常是多个，因此要注意到各个建议之间的衔接。 常用素材：首段常用的句型：I am writing to share some advice with you.I’m sorry that you have trouble in...You have asked me for my advice about........提出建议时常用的句型：I think it would be a good idea if....In my opinion, it would be wise to...I suggest that you should.......结尾段常用的句型：I hope you will find these proposals/ suggestions / advice / tips useful / helpful / practical...... 建议信模板：Dear _________, You have asked me for my advice about___________（问题）, and I will try to make some conductive suggestions here.In my opinion, it would be wise of you to take the following action: ___________（建议内容）.I hope you’ll find these proposals useful, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you in more detail.Good luck to you.Yours sincerely,Li Hua【例题】假如你是英语校报编辑李华。校报收到高一新生Ben的来信，他提出了所面临的两个问题：朋友少，感觉孤独; 英语单词难记。请你写一封回信。Dear Ben,I am sorry to hear that you are having trouble getting used to life in senior high school. In your letter you said that____________________________________Good luck with everything!Li Hua【范文】Dear Ben,I am sorry to hear that you are having trouble getting used to life in secondary school. In your letter you said that you always felt lonely because of having few friends. I think it is a good choice to join some clubs in our school. In this way, you can make more friends who share the same interest with you. Besides, you’d better be friendly to others. Smile at others and you are sure to get a smile in return. On the other hand, you found it difficult to remember English words. Reading more English stories and news can help you learn English words in a practical way. In addition, if you can develop a habit of keeping an English diary every day, it will be easier for you to remember more words. I hope you will find these suggestions useful!Good luck with everything! Li Hua 单元练习：单句语法填空____________ the basis of practice, this theory was generally accepted.The volunteers tried to calm the ____________ (alarm) children down.I did some housework for him in exchange ____________ three means a day.____________ (attract) by the sweet voice, I walked into the old house.His ____________ (contribute) to the world was really admirable.His ____________ (propose) was refused by his boss, which made him a little sad.The girl does three part-time jobs aiming ___________ (pay) off her school loan.My mother often remind me ___________ (mind) my manners in public.The old man fell down. ____________ (fortunate), some passengers helped him.Whatever happens, he will stick __________ his goal of entering a top university.【答案】1. On           2. alarmed     3. for       4. Attracted          5. contribution     6.proposal      7. to pay      8. to mind    9. Fortunately       10. to 用所给词的适当形式填空。challenge      confidence       acquire         rise to effort         responsible       balance        take advantage of    I’ve just finished my first day of senior high school and I really enjoyed it. I’ve been told that schoolwork will present more of a(an)1____________in the years ahead, and that the teachers will hold us to higher standards. This means I’ll have to put a lot of 2___________into my studies. I’ll also need to be very careful about 3___________my schoolwork and hobbies. This is all quite new and different from my life at junior high school, but I’m sure I’ll 4_____________all these challenges. In fact, I’m looking forward to being more independent and 5__________for my own learning. There is so much knowledge I need to 6________, so I’ll work harder than ever. I also plan to 7_____________every opportunity to improve my communication skills. I’ll make more friends by joining some clubs. I have 8_________in my ability to do well at senior high school!【答案】1）challenge     2）efforts         3) balancing    4) rise to    5) responsible  6) acquire     7) take advantage of   8) confidence 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Once, three men got 1.____________ (lose) in the forest. They decided they would stay in the forest until they found 2.____________ (they) way.The next morning, one man went to find some food. Soon, the other two men were 3.____________ (surprise) to find him back with a deer and asked how he got the deer, the man replied, “I found tracks, I followed the tracks, and I got a deer.” They both were 4.____________ (slight) confused because he had no weapons. A few 5.____________ (day) later, the second guy went in search 6.____________ food and soon came back with a deer too. The other two asked how he managed 7.____________ (get) the deer. His reply was 8.____________ same as the first man’s.Then it was the turn of the third guy to search for food. Many hours passed, and the third man 9.____________ (hold) nothing in his hands came back, with blood on his face. The other two asked him 10.____________ had happened. He looked at them and replied, “I found tracks, I followed the tracks, and I got hit by a train.”【答案&解析】lost 考查过去分词作表语的用法。get lost意为“迷路”。their 考查代词。设空处作定语修饰way，表示“他们的”，故填their。surprised 考查形容词作表语的用法。设空处作表语，表示“感到惊讶的”，故填surprised。slightly 考查副词。设空处作状语，修饰confused，故填slightly。days 考查名词复数。day是可数名词，因其前有A few限定，应用复数形式，故填days。of 考查固定结构。in search of意为“寻找”。to get 考查不定式作宾语的用法。manage to do sth.意为“设法做某事”。the 考查定冠词。the same as...意为“和……一样”。holding 考查动词­ing形式作定语的用法。设空处作后置定语修饰man，因man与hold之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且hold所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，故填holding。what 考查连接词。设空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，指事情，故填what。 七选五　　Rock music consists of many different styles. Even though there is a common spirit among all music groups, they make very different music. 　1　 At that time the Beatles entered the world of music from Liverpool.  After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours. By mid-1963, the Beatles had been extremely popular in England. 　2　 They held large concerts and performed at clubs. They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England. They began as a modestly successful musician group and ended the year as show business legends(传说). John Lennon and Paul McCartney were named composers of the year.  　3　 They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music. Beatlemania hit New York on February 7, 1964. Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet them. 　4　 The concert was broadcast live and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time. The Beatles were described as a British invasion(入侵)by local and nationwide newspapers at that time. Their victory in America was still remembered as a major turning point in the history of rock and roll. Thanks to the Beatles, a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market. 　5　  A. They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964. B. Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time. C. Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s. D. However, their songs changed the lives of generations to come. E. Many rock bands were able to follow in the footsteps of the Beatles. F. They appeared in the films A Hard Day’s Night (1964) and Help!  (1965). G. They performed their first concert in America at CBS television’s 53rd street studio. 【答案】CBAGE【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了甲壳虫乐队的一些信息。1. 选C。前句介绍了摇滚乐队创作出不同的音乐。后句介绍了在那段时期甲壳虫乐队从利物浦开始了自己的音乐之旅。C项“摇滚乐在二十世纪五十年代和六十年代初期, 发展很快”与前后句是顺承关系。尤其是关键词in the 1950s and the early 1960s和At that time照应。故选C项。2. 选B。前句“到1963年中期, 甲壳虫乐队在英国很受欢迎”。B项“Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time. 在那时甚至他们的发型也成为了流行的趋势。”是对前句的进一步补充说明。3. 选A。后句“他们不知道美国人对这种新类型的音乐的反应如何”。A项“They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964. 他们决定1964年开始他们的美国之旅。”符合句意。注意关键词Americans和the United States。故选A项。4.选G。后句“本次音乐会现场直播, 吸引了大量观众, 在当时创造了历史最高收视率”。G项“They performed their first concert in America at CBS television’s 53rd street studio. ”他们在电视台举行了他们美国的第一场音乐会。后句是对空格处的说明。故选G项。5. 选E。 前句“多亏了甲壳虫乐队, 给很多音乐产业的新面孔提供了很多机会”。E项“Many rock bands were able to follow in the footsteps of the Beatles. ”很多摇滚乐队能够追随着甲壳虫乐队的脚步。 阅读理解      Gemini Man Gemini Man is a big­-budget Hollywood science fiction movie based on an original concept, rather than on a superhero comic or an old TV series, even though this particular original concept is more than 20 years old. In it a government assassin(暗杀者) is being hunted down by his own clone. The original script was sold by Darren Lemke to a studio in 1997, and since then almost every male A-­listener has been attached as a potential star. Now, at long last, Ang Lee has directed Gemini Man, and Will Smith plays both the veteran assassin and his much younger doppelganger(分身)．      Jojo Rabbit During World War Ⅱ， a 10-­year-­old German boy(Roman Griffin Davis) was desperate to be a dutiful Nazi, only to discover that his mother(Scarlett Johansson) was hiding a Jewish girl(Thomasin McKenzie) in their house. It may not sound like the stuffof a big-­hearted comedy but Taika Waititi can make anything warm and funny. As well as writing and directing Jojo Rabbit, Waititi co-­stars as the boy's imaginary friend, a fool Adolf Hitler.      Doctor Sleep Mike Flanagan's new film is adapted from Stephen King's novel, Doctor Sleep, which was a sequel(续集) to The Shining. You can expect to see blood flowing out of lifts in a rapid stream, ghostly twin girls and carpet patterns. Ewan McGregor stars as Danny Torrance, the boy with psychic powers in 1980 film. Now, he is a middle­-aged hospital counsellor.      Maleficent: Mistress of Evil Here's another chance to see Angelina Jolie. In 2014 she starred in Maleficent, Disney's live­-action remake of the Sleeping Beauty cartoon from 1959. The twist was that the eponymous wicked(邪恶的) fairy wasn't so wicked, after all, and that the real villain was the father of Princess Aurora(Elle Fanning). The sequel's subtitle promises that Maleficent will actually be evil this time around. Her change of heart prompted by Aurora's engagement to the handsome prince(Harris Dickinson)．1. What can we learn from this passage?    A.  Ewan McGregor plays a role in Doctor Sleep.    B.  Taika Waititi is the main character in Jojo Rabbit.    C.  Gemini Man is adapted from a 20­-year­-old TV series.    D.  The real wicked character in Maleficent: Mistress of Evil is Aurora.2. Who worked as a director as well as an actor?    A.  Will Smith.              B.  Waititi.    C.  Ewan McGregor.          D.  Angelina Jolie.3. If your friend wants to see a horror movie, which one will you recommend?    A.  Gemini Man.              B.  Jojo Rabbit.    C.  Doctor Sleep.              D.  Maleficent: Mistress of Evil.【解析】本文是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了四部电影的相关信息。1.A 细节理解题。根据Doctor Sleep中的“Ewan McGregor stars as Danny Torrance, the boy with psychic powers in 1980 film.”可知， Ewan McGregor在Doctor Sleep中扮演一个角色。2.B细节理解题。根据Jojo Rabbit中的“As well as writing and directing Jojo Rabbit, Waititi co­-stars as the boy's imaginary friend, a fool Adolf Hitler.”可知， Waititi既当演员又当导演。3.C推理判断题。根据Doctor Sleep中的“You can expect to see blood flowing out of lifts in a rapid stream, ghostly twin girls and carpet patterns.”可知，如果你的朋友想看恐怖电影，可以推荐Doctor Sleep。