2023英语高考命题总复习----词性转换

这是一份2023英语高考命题总复习----词性转换，共15页。

考点十二 词性转换
第一步 精准刷题
(一)单句语法填空
1.(2021·新高考I卷)But that's how nature is-always leaving us________ (astonish).
2.(2021·山东济南高三期末)Their daily lives are busy and________ (challenge).
3.(2022·山东省济南市历城第二中学高三摸底考试)It has conducted numerous sorties to the moon and has begun the________ (construct) of a space station in Earth orbit.
4.(2022·重庆南开中学高三第一次质量检测)Avoiding listening to music right before bed to limit the chance of a
________ (catch)tune taking hold in our minds.
5.(2022·浙江省诸暨市高三选考诊断性考试)This is not________ (simple) a matter of aesthetics.
6.(2021·湖北襄阳四中高三一模)In 2018,the mom contacted Zhang Ping, who stared a program called “Colorful Cloud Plan” to help poor children in________ (mountain) regions.
7.(2022·江苏省南京市第一中学高三摸底考试)If your home doesn't have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with________ (bright).
8.(2022·广东省广州市高三联考)But a recent study saw things quite________ (different).
9.(2022·重庆市第八中学高三摸底测试)The coffee dose was shown to increase maximal fat oxidation rate ( a measure of how________ (efficient) the body burns off fat) by an average of 10.7% in the morning and 29% in the afternoon.
10.(2022·广东金太阳大联考摸底考试)Since ancient times, the Chinese fan has been carrying artistic and unique________ (nation) style.
11.(2022·江苏省如皋中学高三摸底测试)It is a time for family members and loved ones to congregate and enjoy the full moon-a symbol of________ (abundant), harmony and luck.
12.(2022·广东省深圳市六校高三第一次联考)Since the station remains under construction, the three astronauts' main task is essentially to move in, begin installing________ (equip) like cameras and start Testing various functions, including life support and waste management.
13.(2022·辽宁省六校高三联考)“Didi Chuxing app is found to have severely broken the laws by illegally collecting and using________ (person) information," the regulator said.
14.(2022·广东省广州市第五中学高三英语测试)I could tell he had a great sense of________ (satisfy).
15.(2022·山东省日照市高三摸底考试)I can remember that magical feeling of power and________ (responsible), as if somehow I was the one in control.
16.(2022·广东省深圳市六校高三第一次联考)China________ (previous) launched two, short-lived model space stations, also called Tiangong, in 2011 and 2016.
17.(2022·重庆市高三第四次质量检测)A Michelin-starred chef said: “It's hard to build a________ (memory) evening when flashes are flying every six minutes.”
18.(2022·浙江省诸暨市高三选考诊断性考试)Hundreds of acres of historic inner suburbs have been flattened and still lie empty and________ (desert).
19.(2022·广东金太阳大联考摸底考试)The folding fan________ (gradual) became popular after the Song Dynasty.
20.(2022·山东省日照市高三摸底考试)I________ (sincere) hope many of us will be taking with us a newfound love of getting out and about in the countryside.
21.(2022·广东省广州外国语学校高三第一次三校联考)The local government is now eager to turn Hainan into a
________ (globe)destination.
22.(2022·广东金太阳大联考摸底考试)Then the________ (popular)of writing poems and drawing pictures on the cover of a fan was rising.
23.(2022·河北省保定市部分学校高三期中考试)Therefore, cooking classes are becoming an________ (increasing) popular activity among those interested in learning more about China's culture through its cuisine.
24.(2022·重庆市第一中学高三第三次月考)Hidden behind the large scale individual________ (consume),here is one question: Do the Double Eleven discounts really help you to save money?
25.(2022·山东省威海市文登区高三期中考试)When the food is ready, there is someone who________ (particular) delivers the food to the customer's home, and then gets paid.
26.(2022·河北省邯郸市高三摸底考试)The lanterns were________ (primary) used as a light source.
27.(2022·河北高三第一次联考)Chinese astronauts successfully carried out the country's first spacewalk outside their space station-a________ (significance) milestone in its rapidly expanding space program.
28.(2022·广州广东天河区高三综合测试一)Out of the 20 little things you've always wondered about, one________ (probable) has to do with the small fifth pocket on your jeans.
29.(2022·江苏南京师范大学附属中学秦淮科技高中高三摸底测试)Chinese sportswear company ERKE made a donation of 50 million yuan(＄ 7.7 million) to provide supplies for flood________ (relieve)and aid.
30.(2022·湖北省武汉市部分重点中学高三联考)Suddenly he had a flash of________ (inspire).
1.astonished [句意：但大自然就是这样－总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave+宾语＋宾语补足语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用形容词。astonished“十分惊讶的”，修饰人；astonishing“令人十分惊讶的”，修饰物。故填 astonished.]
2.challenging [句意：他们的日常生活忙碌而富有挑战性。设空处和busy并列，跟在are后，应用形容词作表语。challenging“挑战性的”。故填 challenging.]
3.construction [句意：它已多次飞向月球，并已开始在地球轨道上建造空间站。设空处作宾语，应用名词，construction“建造”，表示抽象概念，不可数。故填 construction. ]
4.catchy [句意：不要在睡觉前听音乐，这样就不会让朗朗上口的曲子在我们脑海中留下印象。应用形容词修饰名词tune. catchy“悦耳易记的”。故填 catchy.]
5.simply [句意：这不仅仅是一个审美问题。设空处应用副词作句子的状语；simply“仅仅”。故填simply.]
6.mountainous [句意：2018年，这位母亲联系了张萍，她发起了一个名为“彩云计划”的项目帮助山区贫困儿童。设空处应用形容词修饰名词regions.故填 mountainous.]
7.brightness [句意：如果你的家没有足够的窗户照明，多买一些灯，让整个地方充满亮光。根据“
”可知，此处应用名词。故填 brightness.]
8.differently [句意；但最近的一项研究却有不同的看法。此句缺少状语，应用副词修饰动词saw.故填 differently. ]
9.efficiently [句意：研究显示，咖啡能使最大脂肪氧化率（衡量身体燃烧脂肪效率的指标）在上午平均提高10.7%,下午提高29%.应用副词修饰动词短语 burns。故填efficiently. ]
10.national [句意：中国扇子自古以来就具有艺术和独特的民族风格。设空处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词
style.。故填 national.]
11.abundance [句意：这是一个家庭成员和相爱的人聚集在一起享受满月的时刻，满月象征着富足、和谐和幸运。介词of后面用名词作宾语，与harmony、luck并列。故填 abundance.]
12.equipment [句意：由于空间站仍在建设中，三名宇航员的主要任务就是进入空间站，开始安装摄像机等设备，并开始测试各种功能，包括生命维持和废物处理。设空处作installing的宾语，equipment“设备”，为不可数名词。故填equipment.]
13.personal [句意：“滴滴出行应用被发现非法收集和使用个人信息，严重违反了法律，”监管机构表示。此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词 information.故填personal.]
14.satisfaction [句意：我能感觉到他有一种强烈的满足感。在介词of后面，用名词作宾语。故填satisfaction.]
15.responsibility [句意：我还记得那种力量和责任的神奇感觉，就好像我是那个掌控一切的人。and前后词性一致，应用名词与power并列，“责任”。故填responsibility.]
16.previously [句意：中国曾在2011年和2016年发射了两个短寿命的空间站模型，也被称为天官。设空处应用副词修饰动词launched.故填previously.]
17.memorable [句意：一位米其林的星级厨师说，每六分钟闪光灯就操作一次，这样很难营造一个令人难忘的夜晚。设空处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词evening. memorable“难忘的”。故填 memorable.]
18.deserted［句意：数百英亩的历史悠久的近郊被夷为平地，仍然空无一人。设空处应用形容词与empty-起作系动词lie的表语；deserted“无人居住的；空寂无人的”。故填 deserted.]
19.gradually［句意：折扇在宋朝以后逐渐流行起来。设空处应用副词修饰动词became.故填 gradually.]
20.sincerely [句意：我真诚地希望我们中的许多人带有一种新发现的对外出和在乡村四处走走的爱好。设空处应用副词修饰动词hope.故填 sincerely.]
21.global [句意：当地政府想把海南变成全球旅游圣地。设空处应用形容词作定语修饰名词destination.故填global.]
22.popularity [句意：随后，在扇子的封面上写诗和画图的流行程度也在上升。the后需跟名词，popular的名词为popularity,意为“流行程度”，是不可数名词。故填 popularity.]
23.increasingly [句意：因此，在那些有兴趣通过烹饪了解更多中国文化的人中，烹饪课正成为逐渐受欢迎的活动。设空处应用副词作状语修饰形容词popular.故填 increasingly.]
24.consumption［句意：隐藏在大规模个人消费背后，这里有一个问题：双11打折真的帮你省钱吗？设空处用名词作介词behind的宾语，且形容词 individual 修饰名词。consumption“消费”。故填 consumption.]
25. particularly［句意：当食物准备好了，有一个人专门把食物送到顾客家里，然后得到报酬。设空处应用副词修饰动词 delivers故填particularly.]
26.primarily［句意；灯笼主要用作光源。此处应用副词作状语，修饰 were user故填primarily.]
27.significant [句意；中国宇航员成功地在空间站外进行了首次太空行走，这是中国迅速发展的太空计划中的一个重要里程碑。设空处应用形容词作定语修饰名词milestone.故填 significant.]
28.probably [甸意：在你一直想知道的20件小事中，有一件可能和你牛仔裤上的第五个小口袋有关。设空处为副词作状语，修饰 has to th.故填probably.]
29.relief［句意：中国运动服装公司鸿星尔克捐赠5,000万元人民币（770万美元），为抗洪救灾和援助提供物资。根据“and aid”可知，此处应用名词表示“救济”，作介词for的宾语。故填relief.]
30.inspiration [句意：他突然灵机一动。介词of后接名词，表示抽象意义，不可数，故填 inspiration.]
(二)单句表达
1.(2022·湖南长沙长郡中学高三第一次月考)例如，“圣诞老人打电话给我，他说除非你现在上床睡觉，否则他不会来。”这句话在节日期间特别有用。
“I've got Santa on the phone and he says he's not coming unless you go to bed now,” is________________________ during the festive season, for example.
2.(2022·重庆市西南大学附属中学高三摸底考试)还有一些与科学的结合，比如空气动力学，我可以让数学在模拟中扮演重要角色。
And there's also________________________ with science, for example, aerodynamics and I can make maths play a big role in simulations.
3.(2022·江苏省苏州市高三调研)创造力中的幽默就像生活中的幽默；有人经常问我：“幽默在广告中起作用吗？”
________________________ is like humor in life; people often ask me, “Does humor work in advertising?"
4.(2022·辽宁省名校联盟高三联合考试)邻里关系也是自愿发展的。
The neighborhood relationships are also________________________.
5.(2022·广东广州市第五中学高三英语测试)直到第一本书出版，他的妻子简才知道他在做什么。
His wife Jan________________________ what he was doing until the first book was published.
6.(2022·广东广州外国语学校高三第一次三校联考)高中时，我加入了一个艺术俱乐部，并在一次展览中与其他当地艺术家一起展示了我的作品。
In high school, I joined an art club and showed my work along with other local artists________________________
7.(2022·重庆市第一中学高三第三次月考)在疯狂购物结束后，顾客发现他们并不真正需要这些便宜货。
After the shopping madness ends, what customers just find is that they don't________________________.
8.(2022·河北百师联盟高三摸底联考)我刚把刷子放在身边，我的胃立刻在内疚和恐惧中翻滚，我的头脑立刻被困惑所迷惑。
I had just put the brush down by my side when my stomach immediately somersaulted in guilt and fear and my mind was________________________.
9.(2022·河北邯郸市高三年级摸底考试)对那些经济拮据的人来说，这个市场区是新加坡最吸引人、最好的购物场所之一。
This market area is________________________ shopping places in Singapore for those on a budget.
10.(2022·河北省省级联测第一次考试)暑期阅读夏令营非常适合那些希望提高阅读技能、增加阅读兴趣的孩子。
Summer reading camps are perfect for your kids who are wanting to________________________ and increase their love of reading.
11.(2022·湖北荆门高三摸底考试)一场小提琴演奏得到了相当大的反响。
________________________ received quite the response.
12.(2022·湖北武汉市五校联合体联考)那些说自己孤独的人更有可能在五年后变得抑郁。
Those who say they are lonely are likelier to________________________ five years later.
13.(2022·湖南长沙市一中高三月考)“一个假设是，如果它们使用类似的声音，就可能不会被识别为猎物，”埃尔贝说。
＂________________________ if they use similar sounds, they may not be recognized as prey," Erbe says.
14.(2022·江苏南京高三阶段性测试(四))立法者还没有考虑到职位不平等的后果。
Lawmakers have not yet considered the consequences of________________________.
15.(2022·武汉市部分学校高三质量检测)有些戏剧学校在孩子很小的时候就给了他们太多专业性的工作。
Some stage schools give their children________________________ at such a young age.
答案:
1.particularly useful
2.some kind of combination
3. Humor in creativity
4.developed voluntarily
5.didn't know exactly
6.in an exhibition
7.truly need these bargains
8.instantly puzzled with confusion
9.one of the most fascinating and best
10.sharpen their reading skills
11.A violin performance
12.be depressed
13.One assumption is that
14.positional inequality
15.too much professional work
(三)翻译
1.(2022·江苏省南京市第十二中学高三月考)世界各地的父母经常一遍遍地敦促孩子们－洗手！
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2.(2022·辽宁省名校联盟高三联考)1976年的一项杰出研究让我们对邻里关系如何以及为什么对我们如此有益有了一些见解。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3.(2022·广东广州外国语学校高三第一次三校联考)它们很可能是干的，而且与他烹饪完美的标准相去甚远。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
4.(2022·广东广州天河区高三综合测试(一))当我哥哥欣赏这处房产时，他卷起了没有上锁的车库门。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
5.(2022·广东深圳罗湖区高三第一次质量检测)照顾像黑猩猩这样的聪明动物的最大挑战之一是为它们提供丰富的体验。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
答案:
1.Parents around the world often urge children over and over-wash your hands!
2.A remarkable study from 1976 gives us some insight into how and why relationships with our neighbors can be so good for us.
3.They will likely be dry and far from his standards of culinary perfection.
4. When admiring the property, my brother rolled up the unlocked garage door.
5.One of the greatest challenges in caring for such intelligent animals as chimpanzees is providing them with enriching experiences.

第二步 精深学习
［精讲］
英语中的构词法主要可以分为派生法、合成法和转化法。正确运用构词法知识，有助于提高辨识阅读中遇到的生词的能力，更有助于解答语法填空题中关于词性转换的设题。
一、名词的后缀
1.动词＋－ion/-tion/-ation/-sion(表示动作或动作过程)→名词
correct→correction 纠正；改正
expect→expectation 期望
consider→consideration 考虑
conclude→conclusion 结论
2.动词＋－er/-or/-ee/-ar/-ess/-ian/-ist(表示从事某种职业或进行某种活动的人，即具体表示某种“人”)→名词
conduct→ conductor 指挥；售票员
teach→ teacher 教师
lie→ liar说谎者
employ→ employee 员工
ant→ artist 艺术家
music→ musician 音乐家
3.动词＋-ment(表示行为状态、过程、手段或结果)→名词
punish→ punishment惩罚
achieve→ achievement 成就
4.动词／形容词＋-th→名词
warm→ warmth温暖；热情
5.动词+-ance/- ence→名词
perform→ performance表演；业绩
prefer→ preference 偏爱
6.动词+-ure/-ture→名词
fail→ failure 失败
mix→ mixture 混合物
7.动词＋-al→名词
arrive→arrival 到达
8.名词＋-ship(表示身份、关系或资格)→名词
member→ membership 成员；会员
9.名词＋-ful→名词
mouth→ mouthful一口；一满口(的量)
hand→ handful一把(的量)；少数人(或物)
10.形容词＋-dom→名词
free→freedom 自由
11.形容词＋－y/-ty/-ity→名词
honest→honesty 诚实
cruel→cruelty 残忍
responsible→responsibility 责任
12.形容词＋-ness(表示状态或性质)→名词
careless→carelessness 粗心
二、形容词的前缀与后缀
1.动词＋-ive→形容词
act→active 积极的
instruct→instructive 具有教育意义的
2.动词／名词＋-able/-ible→形容词
accept→acceptable 可接受的
access→ accessible容易达到的
3.名词＋-al(表示“有······属性”或“与······有关”)→形容词
agriculture→agricultural 农业的
nation→national 国家的；民族的
4.名词＋-ful→形容词
care→careful 仔细的；认真的
5.名词＋-y/-ly→形容词
wealth→wealthy 富裕的
friend→friendly 友好的
6.名词＋-ous→形容词
danger→dangerous 危险的
mountain→mountainous 多山的
7.以-some 结尾的形容词
tire→tiresome 令人厌烦的
8.以a-为首构成的形容词
live→ alive活(着)的
wake→awake 醒着的
三、动词的前级与后缀
1.前缀en-+形容词→动词
rich→enrich 使丰富
large→enlarge 变大；扩大
2.前缀en-+名词→动词
danger→endanger 危及；危害
courage→encourage 鼓励
3.形容词／名词＋后缀－en→动词
short→shorten 缩短
sharp→sharpen 使尖锐
4.以-ify结尾的动词
simple→simplify 使简化
beauty→beautify 使美化
5.以-ize结尾的动词
real→realize 意识到
memory→memorize 识记；记忆
四、副词的后缀
变化形式
例词
直接加－ly
slow→ slowly 缓慢地 extreme→ extremely 极端
以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，改y为i,加－ly
happy→ happily 高兴地merry→ merrily 快乐地
去e加－ly
true→ truly 真正地
以le结尾的形容词去e加－y
simple→ simply 简单地gentle→ gently 温柔地
五、表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后级
1.表示否定或相反意义的前级
(1)un-/dis-/in-/im-/ir/il-/non-不，非

able→unable 不能够
cover→ uncover 揭露
honest→dishonest 不诚实的
active→inactive 不活跃的
patient→impatient 不耐烦的
regular→irregular不规则的
logical→illogical 不合逻辑的
(2)mis-错误地
lead→mislead 误导
2.-less表示否定或相反意义的后缀
use→useless无用的
hope→hopeless 毫无希望的
六、合成法
由两个或两个以上的单词结合组成复合词的构词法，称为合成法。
1.合成名词
newspaper 报纸
daybreak 拂晓
blackboard 黑板
necklace 项链
flashlight 手电筒
haircut 理发
2.合成形容词
good-looking 好看的
hard-working 勤奋的
fresh-baked 新烤的
cold-blooded 冷血的
handmade 手工制作的
airsick 晕飞机的
bittersweet 苦乐参半的
homesick 想家的
3.合成动词
broadcast 播送
babysit 代人临时照看小孩
七、转化法
把一种词性用作另一种词性，而词形不变的构词法叫作转化法，有的名词可以作动词，有的形容词可以作副词或动词。
1.动词转化为名词
He is a man of strong build.
他是一个体格健壮的人。
2.名词转化为动词
Hand in your papers please.
请把你的文件交上来。
3.形容词转化为动词
We will try our best to better our living conditions.
我们将尽最大努力改善我们的生活条件。
4.副词转化为动词
Murder will out.
纸包不住火。
5.形容词转化为名词
The girl in black appears very beautiful.
穿黑衣服的女孩看起来很漂亮。

［检测］
(一)单句语法填空
1.(2022·广东省广州外国语学校高三第一次三校联考)COVID-19 has forced many Chinese who would_________ (normal) have holidayed overseas to stay put(留在原地)。
2.(2022·山东师范大学附属中学高三摸底考试) _________ (doubt),Earth is becoming warmer and there is strong evidence of what causes the dramatic change in the global climate.
3.(2021·湖北襄阳四中高三模考)“Ballet is a noble art. A noble spirit is to help disadvantaged groups fulfill our social_________ (responsible).” Guan said at a speech in Tsinghua University.
4.(2021·湖南师大附中高三二模)Spanish sport newspaper Marca noted that Wu has answered those who doubted his move to the club and that “his quick_________ (adapt) to La Liga(西甲) has surprised many people”。
5.(2022·河北高三第一次联试)While China is not considering foreign participation in the space station's_________ (develop) now, non-Chinese astronauts will certainly be welcomed in the years to come.
6.(2022·浙江省山水联盟高三联考)They also performed a number of_________ (science)experiments and technological tests, which laid an important technical foundation for the following manned missions.
7.(2022·湖南长沙雅礼中学高三摸底考试)The Zhurong rover named after a god of fire in Ancient Chinese mythology_________ (successful) touched down on the Red Planet around 7:18 pm.
8.(2022·河南省郑州市第一O六高级中学高三期中考试)But most importantly, the stability and controllability of the AirCar is_________ (access) to any pilot.
9.(2022·河北高三第一次联试)As part of its plans to have a_________ (full) crewed space station by December 2022, China launched the first core module known as Tianhe or Harmony of the Heavens, on April 29.
10.(2022·辽宁省沈阳市第一二O中学高三第四次质量监测)However ,these are also some of the city's most crowded spots, so if you want to avoid the masses, you can check out Sydney's less-known_________ (attract),too.
答案:
1.normally [句意：新冠肺炎疫情使许多本打算去国外度假的中国人留在原地。应用副词修饰动词 have holidayed.故填 normally.]
2.Undoubtedly [句意：毫无疑问，地球正在变暖，有强有力的证据表明是什么导致了全球气候的剧烈变化。修饰后文整个句子应用副词，undoubtedly“毫无疑问”，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Undoubtedly.]
3.responsibility/responsibilities [此处表示履行我们的社会责任，设空处应用名词作动词 fulfill的宾语。故填 responsibility/responsibilities.]
4.adaptation [句意：西班牙体育报纸《马卡报》指出，吴回应了那些质疑他转会的人，并称“他对西甲的快速适应让很多人感到惊讶”。形容词 quick 修饰名词。故填 adaptation.]
5.development [句意：虽然中国目前不考虑外国参与空间站的发展，但在未来几年，非中国宇航员肯定会受到欢迎。设空前所有格 station's修饰名词。故填 development.]
6.scientific [句意：他们还进行了一些科学实验和技术测试，为以后的载人航天任务奠定了重要的技术基础。设空处应用形容词作定语修饰名词experiments; scientific“科学的，与科学有关的”。故填scientific.]
7.successfully［应用副词修饰动词短语 touched down.故填 successfully.]
8.accessible［句意：但最重要的是，AirCar的稳定性和可控性是任何飞行员都能掌握的。be accessible to sb“容易被某人接受”，为固定用法。故填 accessible.]
9.fully [句意：作为到2022年12月建成全载人空间站计划的一部分，中国于4月29日发射了首个核心舱，被称为天河或天合。设空处应用副词修饰过去分词crewed.故填fully.]
10.attractions [句意：然而，这些也是悉尼最拥挤的地方，所以如果你想避开人群，你也可以去看看悉尼不太知名的景点。形容词less-known 修饰名词，attraction“景点”，为可数名词，前面无冠词修饰，应用名词复数。故填 attractions.]
(二)语法填空
(2022·山东省青岛市第五十八中学高三期中考试)The college entrance examination is just around the corner. 1 (assign) and tests will keep many of you up late at night, and you may plan to make up for your 2 (lose) sleep during the weekends. But is it useful?
A study shows that the habit of sleeping in 3 weekends doesn't fix the damage done by a lack of sleep during the week. Even 4 (bad),it may damage your health.
In the study, 5 was conducted over 10 days, 36 healthy young men and women with different sleep requirements 6 ( divide) into three groups. The researchers found that people who lacked sleep ate more snacks and gained 7 (weigh) quickly. That could be partially due to the shifting of the 8 (biology) clock and changes to certain body hormones especially hunger hormones.
And 9 they tried to sleep for as long as they wanted to on weekend, it was still insufficient to meet standard sleep time because they found it difficult to fall asleep, Moreover, they were more likely 10 (show) increased sensitivity to insulin(胰岛素) in both their muscles and their livers.
1. _________ 2. _________ 3. _________ 4. _________ 5. _________
6. _________ 7. _________ 8. _________ 9. _________ 10. _________
答案:
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，周末睡懒觉的习惯并不能修复工作日睡眠不足造成的损害，更糟糕的是，它可能会损害你的健康。
1.Assignments [考查词性转换。句意：作业和考试会让你们中的许多人熬夜到很晚，你可能会计划在周末补觉。此处与tests并列用可数名词复数，作主语。故填Assignments.]
2.lost [考查词性转换。设空处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词sleep; lost“失去的”。故填lost.]
3.on/at/during［考查介词。on weekends/at weekends/during weekends“在周末（期间）”，为固定搭配。故填on/at/during.]
4.worse [考查形容词的比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，它可能会损害你的健康。根据Even可知，此处要用形容词的比较级。故填worse.]
5.which [考查定语从句的引导词。句意：在这项为期10天的研究中，36名健康的年轻男性和女性被分为三组，他们的睡眠需求不同。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，解释说明先行词study,指物，且在从句中作主语。故填 which.]
6.were divided [考查动词的时态和语态。设空处是主句的谓语，事情发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，主语36 healthy young men and women和divide是被动关系，要用被动语态，且主语为复数。故填 were divided.]
7.weight [考查词性转换。句意：研究人员发现，睡眠不足的人会吃更多的零食，体重也会迅速增加。设空处应用名词作 gained的宾语，weight“重量”，表示抽象意义，不可数。故填weigh.]
8.biological [考查词性转换。句意：部分原因可能是生物钟的改变和体内某些荷尔蒙的变化，尤其是饥饿荷尔蒙。设空处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词clock.故填 biological.]
9.though/although/while [考查状语从句的连接词。句意：尽管他们在周末想睡多久就睡多久，但仍然不足以达到标准睡眠时间，因为他们发现很难入睡。上下文为让步关系，应用 though though/while来引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”。故填though/although/while.]
10.to show［考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，他们的肌肉和肝脏更有可能显示出对胰岛的敏感性增加。be likely to do sth“很有可能做某事”，为固定用法。故填 to show.]