北师大版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Lesson 1 The Sixth Extinction教案设计

这是一份北师大版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Lesson 1 The Sixth Extinction教案设计，共12页。教案主要包含了Pre-reading，After-reading，Hmewrk等内容，欢迎下载使用。

教学目标与核心素养：
知识目标：Students can learn sme new wrds and expressins and attributive clause.
能力目标：Students can have a further understanding f the passage.
情感目标：Students can think individually and learn cperatively.
教学重难点
教学重点：Hw t learn the new wrds and expressins and attributive clause.
教学难点：Hwt make students have a better understanding f the passage.
课前准备：多媒体，黑板，粉笔
教学过程：
一、Pre-reading
1. Greeting
2. Leading-in
ACTIVATE AND SHARE
教师活动：
(1) 教师活动，引导学生完成练习。
Hw much d yu knw abut extinctin? Chse the ptin based n yur knwledge.
1 Hw many times up t tday has life n Earth almst died ut?
a Once. b Five times. c Mre than 10 times.
2 Abut what percent f all species n Earth became extinct during the mass extinctin knwn as the "Great Dying"?
a Less than 10%. b Nearly 50%. c Mre than 90%.
3 What d scientists think will cause the next mass extinctin?
a Human activity. b Natural causes. c Unknwn reasns.
Ask fr vlunteers t share their answers, encurage them t give reasns t their answers.
While- reading
READ AND EXPLORE
1. 学生活动：阅读文章，回答问题。
Read a text abut extinctin. Then check yur answers in Activity 1.
(Answers:b, c, a)
What's the text mainly abut?
(The text is abut extinctin and its effect n ur planet.)
2. 学生活动：阅读文章，完成练习。
Read the text. Cmplete the ntes. Then talk abut the different aspects f extinctins.
(Answers:
1 Meaning f extinctin: entire species are wiped ut
2 The number f extinctins ccurred s far: ver 90% f all species that ever lived
3 Tw ntable extinctins and their cnsequences: the third mass extinctin, killed 90% t 96%f all species; the fifth event, which ccurred 66 millin years ag, caused the death f thedinsaurs
4 Main reasns that cause extinctins: vlcanic eruptins, asterids hitting the Earth frmspace, changes in sea levels, the decrease f xygen cntent f the sea, glbal warming
5 Hw t avid the sixth mass extinctin: change the way we live, including setting up specialareas where plants and animals can be prtected; change hw we wrk and travel by using cleaner, mre natural surces f energy; imprve ur farming methds)
3. 学生活动：阅读文章，回答下列问题。
Read again. Answer the questins.
1 What did scientists find ut in 2015?
(The study fund that hw quickly species die ut due t natural causes, that is,the"backgrund extinctin rate". They fund that human activity is causing species t die ut 1, 000 times faster than nrmal.)
2 Why des the writer think the sixth mass extinctin will cme?
(Because human activity has negatively affected all ther species n Earth, including animalsand plants.)
3 Why des the writer believe we'll prbably die ut if 75% f the Earth's species die ut?
(Because ur wrld and ur lives depend n the balance in nature between animals andplants.)
4 What did peple d in the case study t prtect black rbins? Which claim(s) did the case study supprt in the text?
(Peple prtected Old Blue's eggs, helped them t hatch, and tk care f the chicks. Pepleare restring their habitats and remving pests like mice and cats frm the islands where they live. The case study shwed that even in desperate situatins, we can d smething t help. In shrt, it's never t late.)
三、After-reading
1. 学生活动： Grup Wrk. Think and share.
1 Use different clured pens t highlight at least ne example fr each f the fur elements listed belw in different clurs. Then find ut
(1) what typical language is used?
(2)What text type is this piece f writing?
(3)What is its cmmunicative purpse?
facts pinins/predictins
reasns slutins
(Suggested Answers:
1. (1) Facts: ver 90% f all species that ever lived are extinct; the “Great Dying", which killed 90% t 96% f all species; human activity is causing species t die ut 1, 000 times faster than nrmal.
Reasns: air and water pllutin, frests being destryed, factry farming and verfishing are causing species t die ut; withut frests, we wuld have n air t breathe and withut clean water we wuld be unable t survive.
Opinins/predictins: many scientists say we are nw entering the Earth's sixth mass extinctin; scientists believe that up t three quarters f all species n Earth culd die ut.
Slutins: we need t take steps t save endangered species, including setting up special areas where plants and animals can be prtected; we need t change hw we wrk andtravel…; we als need t imprve ur farming methds…
(2) This piece f writing is an expsitin.
(3) Its purpse is t explain what the sixth extinctin is and its effects and call n peple t take actin t prevent it frm happening.)
2. What ways f argument des the writer use t cnvince readers? Are yu cnvinced? Why r why nt?
(Suggested Answers:
The writer uses ways such as citing ideas frm experts r authrities, giving examples and using data. I believe that if we take actin nw it is nt t late t save ther species frm extinctin. The black rbin was saved frm extinctin when nly five birds remained, s l think it is pssible t save any species if we act right nw.)
2. 学生活动：完成练习。
Use the adjectives and nuns t make meaningful expressins. Then use each expressin t make a sentence. Write the sentences in the space prvided.
(Answers: endangered animals, entire species, natural resurces, significant change, mass extinctin, slar energy)
3. 学生活动： 完成练习。
Cmplete the paragraph abut extinctins using the crrect frm f the phrasesbelw
die ut be knwn as have affected depend n wipe ut
take steps take actins set up take care f
In the last 500 millin years, there have been five mass extinctin events n Earth. In the third event, which 1 ______________ the "Great Dying", 90% t 96% f all species 2 ______________. Of curse, species died ut due t many causes. But nwadays, human activity 3 ______________ all types f species that we 4 ______________ fr living. We need t 5 ______________ tavid the sixth mass extinctin. We shuld 6 ______________ t save endangered animals andplants,and 7 ______________ special areas t 8 ______________ them befre the next extinctin cmesthat may 9 ______________ the entire species.
(Answers:
1 is knwn as 2 died ut 3 has affected 4 depend n 5 take actin
6 take steps 7 set up 8 take care f 9 wipe ut)
四、FOCUS ON LANGUAGE: RELATIVE CLAUSES (4) -DEFINING AND NON-DEFINING CLAUSES
1. Read the sentences and discuss which wrd (s) the clauses (in italics) refer t.
1 Extinctins, where entire species are wiped ut, are nt unusual in ur Earth's histry.
2 These include the third mass extinctin, knwn as the "Great Dying", which killed 90% t 96% f all species.
3 A 2015 study by scientists wh were based at Brwn University and Duke University in the US, lked at hw quickly species die ut due t natural causes...
4 If a sixth mass extinctin ccurs, scientists wh have studied the issue believe that up t three quarters f all species n Earth culd die ut.
5 We need t take steps t save endangered species, including setting up special areas where plants and animals can be prtected.
Which f the clauses abve:
(1) give infrmatin t identify the persns/bjects. (___________)
(2) give extra infrmatin abut a persn r a thing, which can be left ut. (___________)
(Answers:
1 Refers t extinctins 2 Refers t the "Great Dying" 3 Refers t scientists
4 Refers t scientists 5 Refers t special areas
(1) defining clause (2) nn-defining clause)
2. Underline the relative clauses in the sentences and decide if they are defining (D) r nn-defining (ND). Translate them int Chinese. Discuss the difference in meaning between the tw types f relative clauses.
( ) 1 He went t a city where irn was prduced in huge quantities.
( ) 2 The bus which was full f turists stpped near the Leaning Twer f Pisa.
( ) 3 Melissa lent me sme mney, which was very generus f her.
( ) 4 The grund is cvered with snw and ice, which makes driving very dangerus.
( ) 5 I met the famus prfessr in the htel, where the meeting was held.
(Answers:
1 D 2 D 3 ND 4 ND 5 ND)
EXPRESS YOURSELF
学生活动：Grup Wrk
Chse tw r three envirnmental prblems that are caused by human activity. Offer slutins. Try t use relative clauses where apprpriate.
语法：定语从句
在句中充当定语修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。定语从句可分为两大类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
对比两句：
This is the huse which/ that we bught last mnth.
这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。
The huse,which we bught last mnth, is very nice.
这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。
限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子。
Then he met Mary,wh invited him t a party.
后来他遇到了玛丽，玛丽邀请他参加晚会。（wh指代 Mary）
He changed his mind,which made me very angry.
他改变了主意，这使我很生气。（which指代逗号前的整个主句）
1.定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两类。
2.关系代词的用法
（1）只能用that引导定语从句的情况：
① 当先行词是 everything,anything,nthing,all,nne,few,little,sme等不定代词时，或当先行词被every,any,all,sme,n,little,few,much等词修饰时。如：
There seems t be nthing that is impssible t him in the wrld.
对他来说，世界上似乎没有什么不可能的事情。
② 当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：
The first American mvie that I watched was Titanic.
我看的第一部美国电影是《泰坦尼克号》。
③ 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：
This is the best museum that I have visited all my life.
这是我这辈子参观过的最棒的博物馆。
④ 当先行词被 the very,the nly,the first/last 等修饰时。如：
She is the nly persn that understands me.
她是唯一理解我的人。
⑤ 当先行词前面有wh,which等疑问代词时。如：
Which is the rm that Mr Wang lives in?
王先生住的是哪一个房间？
⑥ 当先行词既指人又指物时。如：
Lk at the man and his dnkey that are walking up thestreet.
瞧瞧那个正在街上走的人和他的驴子。
（2）只能用which引导定语从句的情况：
① 关系代词前有介词时只能用which。如：
This is the rm in which she lived.
这是她住过的房间。
② 在非限制性定语从句中，关系词指物时只能用which。如：
He will make a trip t Suzhu, which is famus fr its beautiful scenic spts.
他将到苏州去旅行，那里因其美丽的景点而闻名。
③ 先行词本身是that时只能用which。如：
The clck is that which tells the time.
时钟显示时间。
（3）用as引导定语从句的情况：
① 在限制性定语从句中，当先行词被 the same,such,as修饰时，定语从句用as引导。如：
Such prblems as are ften mentined shuld be slved.
类似这样经常被提及的问题应该得到解决。
He wuld like t use the same pen as I used yesterday.
他想用我昨天用过的同一支笔。
I will read as many bks as are required.
要求读多少书我就读多少书。
② 在非限制性定语从句中，as和which都可以用于指代整个主句。
区别在于：as引导时意为“正如”，可位于句首或句中；而which 引导时意为“这一点；这件事”，只能位于句中。
as构成的固定表达：
as is knwn t all
as we all knw
as is ften the case
as isexpected
as is ften said
as is reprted
as is hped
asis stressed
（4）定语从句中“介词＋关系代词”的用法：
做介词的宾语的关系代词一般是which和 whm。
“介词＋which/whm”既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句。
常见的有以下几种结构：
① 介词＋关系代词
Mandela was the black lawyer t whm I went fr advice.
＝Mandela was the black lawyer whm I went t fr advice.
曼德拉是我向其征求建议的一位黑人律师。
I still remember the day n which we had a big party.
我仍然记得我们举行一场盛大聚会的那一天。
注意：
介词的选择与先行词或者从句的谓语动词有关。把先行词放到从句里写出一个完整的句子，然后再将先行词换成对应的关系代词。
固定短语中的介词不能提到关系代词的前面。如：
He is the man that/whm yur mther tk care f last mnth.
他是你母亲上个月照顾的那个人。
② 名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词
Last Sunday I bught sme bks frm the bkstre,three f which were English nvels.
＝Last Sunday I bught sme bks frm the bkstre,f which three were English nvels.
上个星期天，我从书店买回几本书，其中3本是英文小说。
③ 形容词最高级＋介词＋关系代词。如：
China has thusands f islands,the largest f which isTaiwan.
中国有成千上万的岛屿，其中最大的是台湾。
（5）定语从句中whse的用法：
① whse既可以指人，又可指物，在定语从句中做定语，表示“……人的；……物的”。如：
The rm whse windw faces suth is mine.
窗户朝南的那个房间是我的。
② whse指物时可用 f which 代替，但语序不同，即
“whse＋名词”相当于“the＋名词＋f which”或“f which＋the＋名词”。如：
The classrm whse dr is brken will sn be repaired.
＝The classrm the dr f which is brken will sn be repaired.
＝The classrm f which the dr is brken will sn be repaired.
门坏了的那间教室将很快得到修缮。
3.关系副词的用法
当先行词是表时间、地点、方式或原因等的词，且从句缺状语时，从句用关系副词引导。关系副词有时可转化为“介词＋关系代词”。如：
This is the place where we spent ur childhd.
这里是我们度过童年的地方。
注意：
（1）当先行词是表时间、地点、方式、原因等的词时，只有在从句缺状语时才用关系副词引导；否则，用关系代词引导。如：
He'll always remember the day when his grandmther passed away.
他会永远记住他的奶奶去世的那一天。
I will always remember the day that/ which we spent tgether in the cuntryside.
我会永远记住我们在乡下一起度过的那一天。
This is the factry where my father nce wrked.
这是我父亲曾经工作过的工厂。
This is the factry that/which they shwed us arund lastyear.
这是去年他们领我们参观的工厂。
This is the reasn why/fr which he was late this mrning.
这是他今天早上迟到的原因。
This is the reasn that/which may explain his absence.
这是可以解释他缺席的理由。
（2）先行词为 pint,situatin,case,stage,psitin,degree等表抽象的地点和情况的名词时，其后常用where引导定语从句，where在定语从句中做地点状语。而ccasin 作“时机”讲时用when引导；作“场合”讲时用where引导。如：
Tday,we will discuss a number f cases where Englishbeginners fail t use the languageprperly.
今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者使用语言不当的例子。
I can remember very few ccasins when he had t cancel because f ill health.
我记得他因为健康不佳而被迫取消的情况绝无仅有。
（3）先行词是the way（方式、方法），且引导词在定语从句中做状语时可以用in which或that引导从句，也可以省略引导词。如：
The way (that/ in which) he explained the sentence t us was nt difficult t understand.
他解释这个句子的方式并不难懂。
练习：
1. The meeting rm is crwded with children ___________ have pr eyesight, all f them interested in painting.
2. Tang is a passinate dance, ___________ brings the dancers tgether in a way that wrds can't express.
3. I'm taking sme weight-lss pills, ___________ are quite ppular here.
4. It was the largest map ___________ I had ever seen.
5. Mr Zhang had a lt f friends, nne f ___________ culd lend him any mney.
6. ___________ was annunced in the newspaper, ur cuntry wn 51 gld medals in the 29th Olympic Games.
7. Which was the very htel ___________ was recmmendedt yu?
8. Great changes have taken place since then in the factry ___________ we are wrking.
9. Is there anyne in yur class___________ family is in thecuntry?
10. I can never frget the days ___________ we wrked tgether and the time ___________ we spent tgether.
(Answers:
1. wh/ that 2. which 3. which 4. that 5. whm
6. As 7. that 8. where 9. whse 10. when; that/ which)
四、Summary
重点词汇：blame, ccur, survival, die ut,depend n, at risk
重点句型：关系副词where引导的定语从句；关系副词when 引导的定语从句；关系代词 which 引导的定语从句；“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句；关系副词why 引导的定语从句；含蓄虚拟条件句
重点语法：定语从句
五、Hmewrk
Write a shrt passage t express slutins fr envirnmental prblems.限制性定语从句
是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开
引导词：关系代词和关系副词，做宾语时一些关系代词可以省略
非限制性定语从句
是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这一从句不影响主句意思完整。一般用逗号把主句和从句分开
引导词：wh, whm, whse, which, when, where 等，不用一般that，不能省略
关系代词
先行词
作用
备注
wh
人
主语
关系代词whm, which, that在从句中做宾语时常可以省略，但在介词后不能省略。
whm
人
宾语
whse
人、物
定语
that
人、物
主语、宾语
which
物、句子
主语、宾语
as
人、物、句子
主语、宾语
as做宾语时一般不省略
关系副词
先行词
作用
备注
when
时间
时间状语
相当于“介词+which”
where
地点
地点状语
相当于“介词+which”
why
原因
原因状语
相当于“fr+which”