还剩18页未读，
继续阅读
所属成套资源：上教版高中英语必修二单元语法+知识点讲解+过关检测
成套系列资料，整套一键下载
高中英语上教版（2020）必修 第二册4 Achievements课时练习
展开
这是一份高中英语上教版（2020）必修 第二册4 Achievements课时练习，共21页。
Unit 4 Sports
单元素养评估测试卷
第I卷
I. Listening Comprehension
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Life Doesn’t Just Happen to Us
Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough. Success depends mainly on our view of ourselves and of the events in our lives.
When twelve-year-old John Wilson walked into his chemistry class on a rainy day in 1931, he had no way of knowing that his life was to change completely. The class experiment that day was to show ____21____heating a container of water would bring air bubbling to the surface. Somehow, the container the teacher gave Wilson ____22____(heat) mistakenly held something more volatile(易挥发的) than water. When Wilson heated it, the container exploded, ____23____(leave) Wilson blinded in both eyes.
When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later, his parents attempted to find a way to deal with the disaster that ____24____(happen) to their lives. But Wilson did not regard the accident ____25____a disaster. He learned braille(盲文) quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind. There, he not only did well as a student but also became an ____26____(accomplish) public speaker.
Later, he worked in Africa,____27____many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treatment. For him, it was one thing to accept his own fate of being blind and quite another to allow something to continue when it ____28____be fixed so easily. Wilson did his best to prevent the preventable ____29____ tens of millions in Africa and Asia could recover their sight.
Wilson received several international awards for his great contributions. He lost his sight but found a vision. He proved that it’s not what happens to us _____30_____determines our lives- it’s what we make of what happens.
【答案】21. why 22. to heat 23. leaving 24. had happened 25. as 26. accomplished
27. where 28. could 29. so that 30. that
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了John在做课堂实验时，因为意外而失明，但他不气馁，通过他的实际行动和生活态度向我们证明，决定我们生活的不是发生在我们身上的事情，而是我们如何对待发生的事情。
【21题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：那天的班级实验是为了说明为什么加热一个盛水的容器会使空气冒泡到表面。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少原因状语，需用连接副词why引导。故填why。
【22题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：不知怎么的，老师给威尔逊加热的容器错误地装了比水更易挥发的东西。空处需填动词不定式做后置定语。故填to heat。
【23题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：当威尔逊加热时，容器爆炸了，威尔逊的双眼都瞎了。空处需填非谓语动词作结果状语，前面一句话和leave为逻辑上的主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填leaving。
【24题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：两个月后，当威尔逊从医院回到家时，他的父母试图找到一种方法来处理发生在他们生活中的灾难。happen发生在“attempted to”之前，表示“过去的过去”，使用过去完成时。故填had happened。
【25题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：但威尔逊并不认为这次事故是一场灾难。regard…as…为固定短语，意为“把……对待成……”。故填as。
【26题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在那里，他不仅是一名优秀的学生，而且还成为了一名出色的演说家。修饰名词speaker，需填形容词作定语。故填accomplished。
【27题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：后来，他在非洲工作，那里有许多人因缺乏适当的治疗而失明。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Africa在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。
【28题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：对他来说，接受自己失明的命运是一回事，而在事情可以轻易解决的情况下允许事情继续下去则完全是另一回事。结合句意“能够”和“was”可知，此处需填can的过去式could。故填could。
【29题详解】
考查从属连词。句意：威尔逊竭尽全力预防可预防的疾病，使非洲和亚洲的数千万人恢复视力。“ tens of millions in Africa and Asia could recover their sight.”是目的，需用从属连词so that引导目的状语从句。故填so that。
【30题详解】
考查强调句。句意：他证明了并不是发生在我们身上的事情决定了我们的生活，而是我们如何看待发生的事情。“It is+被强调部分+that+句子其他成分”为强调句的基本句型，此处对主语从句“what happens to us”进行强调。故填that。
Section B
A. honors B. inspiring C. cultural D. awoke E. promoting F. success
G. distinguished H. similar I. considered J. normally K. incredibly
Sports Icons(偶像) Who Lead a Change
China’s sports industry has entered a new era when the superstars themselves become the absolute focus of public attention. Compared with the gold medals and____31____the Chinese team has received sports stars play the role of____32____people and improving the status of their sports in China. The following is an overview of those stars who once were, currently are or in the future will become milestones to change China’s sports demographics(统计数据).
Yao Ming: China’s Ambassador(大使)
Standing at 2.29 meters, Yao Ming used basketball to become one of the mainstream____33____ambassadors in modern China. He first played for his hometown Shanghai Sharks team in the CBA where he became a CBA champion ad Finals MVP in 2002. Soon afterwards, Yao was chosen by the Houston Rockets as the top overall pick in 2002. Over an eight-year span with the Rockets, Yao became an eight-time NBA All-Star. Besides his____34____in the CBA and the NBA, Yao was also a big reason for China’s continued dominance in the Asia basketball scene and their constant presence at world-level competitions. To this day, Yao remains one of China’s most____35____sports and cultural icons.
Liu Xiang: A Great Breakthrough
China’s world champion hurdler, Liu Xiang____36____the nation’s long-sleeping interest in track and field events after he became the first man to ever win a men’s track and field event for China. Before Liu won a gold medal in the men’s 110m hurdle race at the Athens 2004 Olympic Games and set a world record two years later, Chinese people had never shown such a strong interest in track and field events. Liu has become a significant player in China’s track and field events and the craze that has followed him is____37____to Yao Ming’s influence on China’s basketball. Both athletes prove how powerful a super sports star can be on____38____the development of a sport in China.
Li Na: New Image of China’s Tennis
Being the first Asian to win the singles title of a Grand Slam tournament, Li Na opened the door to tennis in China and even Asia. Her victory at the French Open 2011 was like a fairy tale and she has since been____39____as a national sports hero equal to Yao Ming and Liu Xiang. A record-breaking 116 million viewers from China tuned in to watch Li become the French Open champion, marking the start of a women’s tennis boom in a country_____40_____left out of the tennis conversation.
【答案】31. A 32. B 33. C 34. F 35. G 36. D 37. H 38. E 39. I 40. J
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主题是：介绍了几位过去，现在或是未来会改变中国体育数据的里程碑式的运动员，包括姚明、刘翔和李娜。
【31题详解】
考查名词。句意：与中国队获得的金牌和荣誉相比，体育明星在中国发挥着鼓舞人心、提高他们的运动在中国的体育地位的作用。根据前文“gold medals and” 可知，空处应填名词和gold medals并列。honor“荣誉”，为名词，符合题意，且金牌和荣誉紧密联系。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查动词。句意：与中国队获得的金牌和荣誉相比，体育明星在中国发挥着鼓舞人心、提高他们的运动在中国的体育地位的作用。此处和后面“and improving the status of their sports in China（提升他们的运动在中国的地位）”以and来连接，空处形式应和improving并列。使用doing形式。宾语是people ，inspiring“激励；鼓舞”符合题意。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查形容词。句意：姚明身高2.29米，用篮球成为现代中国的主流文化大使之一。空后为名词ambassadors大使，空处应用形容词作定语来修饰ambassadors。cultural“文化的”为形容词，符合句意。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查名词。句意：除了在他在CBA和NBA的成功之外，姚明也是中国在亚洲篮球舞台上继续占据主导地位并不断出现在世界级比赛中的一个重要原因。根据前面his，可知空处应填名词，success“成功”为名词，符合题意。故选F项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词。句意：时至今日，姚明仍然是中国最杰出的体育和文化偶像之一。根据前面most可知，此处应使用形容词表示最高级。distinguished“杰出的”为形容词，符合题意。故选G项。
【36题详解】
考查动词。句意：中国跨栏世界冠军刘翔在成为第一个为中国赢得男子田径项目冠军后，唤醒了中国人对田径项目沉睡已久的兴趣。分析句子可知，此处应填谓语动词的一般过去时，awoke“唤醒”，符合题意。故选D项。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意：刘翔已然成为中国田径项目的一名重要球员，随之而来的热潮与姚明对中国篮球的影响相似。分析句子可知，此处作表语，将姚明和刘翔的影响力作对比，需填形容词。be similar to意为“和···相似”，符合句意。故选H项。
【38题详解】
考查动词。句意：两位运动员都证明了一位超级体育明星在促进中国体育发展方面的强大力量。根据介词on和the development of a sport in China“中国体育事业的发展”，可知，此处应填动词的doing形式。promoting“促进”符合题意。故选E项。
【39题详解】
考查动词。句意：她在2011年法国网球公开赛上的胜利就像一个童话，从此她被视为与姚明和刘翔并驾齐驱的民族体育英雄。根据has been 和as可知此处应填动词，be considered as“被认为···；被当作···”符合题意。故选I。
【40题详解】
考查副词。句意：来自中国创纪录的1.16亿观众收看了李娜成为法网冠军的比赛，这标志着一个通常被排除在网球话题之外的国家开始了女子网球热潮。left out of the tennis conversation“排除在网球话题之外”，为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰country。空处应使用副词形式来修饰动词词组left out。normally“通常地”,符合题意。故选J项。
II. Reading Comprehension
Section A
There is a Web site called the “World Database of Happiness.” It combines and analyzes the results of hundreds of surveys from around the world that have been conducted on life satisfaction. Most of the findings are ___27___, but a few are surprising.
The database makes it clear that there is not a strong connection between material wealth and general contentment. It is a cliché to say that money can’t buy happiness, but the old saying seems to be ___28___ by research. Many people still cling to the belief that gaining riches will be the answer to all their problems, yet they are probably ___29___.
Studies have been ___30___ on people who acquired sudden wealth, such as lottery winners. In most cases, after the ___31___ joy had worn off, people were not left with a sense of lasting happiness. In fact, they tended to revert to the way they ___32___ before they became rich. Previously contented people continue to be contented, ___33___ those who were miserable before sink back into misery.
If material wealth does not bring happiness, then what does? Perhaps happiness has something to do with where you live. The authorities at the World Database on Happiness have surveyed ___34___ of happiness in different countries. ___35___, people in America, Canada, and Singapore are very happy; people living in India and Russia, not surprisingly, are not happy.
Other surveys consistently ____36____ the importance of relationships. ____37____ relationships in particular seem to be the key to long-term contentment. The Web site suggests that falling in love and having children are two of the ____38____ that bring the greatest happiness.
Nowadays people look to technology as an ____39____ source of satisfaction. People increasingly spend more time alone watching TV or surfing the Internet ____40____ spending time with family. Can technology truly make people happy? It is too difficult to tell, but one thing is sure: If the Web site’s research is accurate, time spent with your family is a better ____41____ than time spent making money.
27. A. different B. predictable C. satisfactory D. unexpected
28. A. challenged B. widespread C. overtaken D. supported
29. A. generous B. positive C. hesitated D. mistaken
30. A. turned out B. done with C. carried out D. put forward
31. A. essential B. pleasant C. initial D. enviable
32. A. felt B. had C. chose D. lived
33. A. as B. so C. and D. while
34. A. levels B. standards C. senses D. examples
35. A. Strangely B. Hopefully C. Apparently D. Surprisingly
36. A. point to B. hold up C. deal with D. depend on
37. A. Partner B. Family C. Relative D. Society
38. A. situations B. relations C. destinations D. references
39. A. convenient B. alternative C. everlasting D. adequate
40. A. as far as B. rather than C. as well as D. in case of
41. A. environment B. circumstance C. investment D. civilization
【答案】27. B 28. D 29. D 30. C 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. A 35. C 36. A 37. B 38. A 39. B 40. B 41. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一家名为Wor1d Database of Happiness的网站，这家网站调查分析人们幸福的原因。最终得出结论：和家人的关系是保持幸福的关键。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大多数发现是可以预测的，但也有一些是令人惊讶的。A. different不同的；B. predictable可预言的；C. satisfactory满意的；D. unexpected意外的，想不到的。与后面的 surprising 对比，选 predictable。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们常说金钱买不到幸福，但这句谚语似乎得到了研究的支持。A. challenged挑战；B. widespread普遍的，广泛的；C. overtaken超过，赶上；D. supported支持。根据下文Studies have been carried out on people…可知，有研究的支持，所以选 supported。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多人仍然坚信获得财富就能解决他们所有的问题，然而他们可能错了。A. generous慷慨的，大方的；B. positive积极的；C. hesitated犹豫的；D. mistaken误解的，错误的。根据Many people still cling to the belief…和此句yet转折可知，此处表示错误的。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：正在对那些一夜暴富的人，例如彩票中奖的人进行研究。A. turned out结果证明是；B. done with完毕；C. carried out实施；D. put forward提出。根据主语Studies可知，此处表示实施研究。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在大多数情况下，在最初的快乐消失后，人们并没有留下一种持久的幸福感。A. essential基本的，必要的；B. pleasant令人愉快的；C. initial最初的；D. enviable引起忌妒的。根据people were not left with a sense of lasting happiness可知，此处表示最初的快乐（initial joy）。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：实际上，他们倾向于回到他们变得富有之前的感觉。A. felt感觉；B. had有；C. chose选择；D. lived居住。根据下文Previously contented people continue to be contented, ___7___ those who were miserable before sink back into misery.可知，此处指“感受的生活方式”。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查连接词辨析。句意：以前满足的人继续满足，而那些以前痛苦的人又重新陷入痛苦。A. as因为，在……时；B. so因此；C. and并且；D. while虽然，在……期间。前后两句是对比，应使用连接词while。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：世界幸福数据库的权威机构调查了不同国家的幸福水平。A. levels水平，标准；B. standards标准；C. senses感觉，判断力；D. examples例子。根据下文___9___, people in America, Canada, and Singapore are very happy; people living in India and Russia, not surprisingly, are not happy.可知，此处指levels of happiness“幸福水平”。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：显然，美国、加拿大和新加坡的人都很快乐；毫不奇怪，生活在印度和俄罗斯的人并不快乐。A. Strangely奇怪地；B. Hopefully有希望地；C. Apparently显然地，似乎，表面上；D. Surprisingly惊人地。对应后面的 not surprisingly，选 apparently表示显然的结果。故选C。
【36题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：其他调查一致指出了关系的重要性。A. point to指向，表明；B. hold up举起，阻挡；C. deal with对付，处理，涉及；D. depend on取决于，依赖。point to 指向。根据the importance of relationships可知，此处表示“关系的重要性”。故选A。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：家庭关系似乎是获得长期满足感的关键。A. Partner同伴，伙伴；B. Family家庭，家人；C. Relative亲戚，相关物；D. Society社会。根据下文中having children可知，此处是指“家庭关系”。故选B。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：该网站指出，坠入爱河和生儿育女是最能带来幸福的两种情形。A. situations情形，情境，局面；B. relations关系，交往；C. destinations目的地，终点；D. references参考文献，参照。根据falling in love and having children可知，此处是两种情形。故选A。
【39题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在人们把技术看作幸福的一个替代的来源。A. convenient方便的，便利的；B. alternative供选择的；C. everlasting永恒的，永久的；D. adequate充足的，适当的。根据source of satisfaction可知，此处指的是上文中出现的两种情境外又一可供选择的。故选B。
【40题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：人们花越来越多的时间独自看电视或上网，而不是花时间与家人在一起。A. as far as至于，直到；B. rather than宁可，而不是；C. as well as也，和……一样；D. in case of如果，万一。根据spend more time alone watching TV or surfing the Internet可知，人们选择了这两种，而不是和家人在一起。故选B。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这很难说，但有一件事是肯定的：如果网站的研究是准确的，那么与赚钱的时间相比，与家人在一起的时间是更好的投资。A. environment环境；B. circumstance状况，环境；C. investment投资；D. civilization文明，文化。investment 投资，根据time spent making money可知，此处看作是一种投资。故选C。
Section B
(A)
（A）
Nervous suspects(嫌疑犯) locked up in Britain's newest police station may feel relieved by a pleasant yellow colour on the door. If they are close to confessing a crime, the blue on the wall might tip the balance.
Gwent Police have abandoned colours such as greys and browns of the 20th-century police cell(牢房) and have used colour psychology to decorate them.
Ystrad Mynach station, which recently opened at a cost off5 million has four cells with glass doors for prisoners who suffer from claustrophobia（幽闭恐怖症）, Designers have painted the frames yellow, which researchers say is a calming colour. Other cells contain a royal blue line because psychologists believe that the colour is likely to encourage truthfulness.
The station has 31 cells, including 12 with a"live scan" system for drunken or disturbed prisoners, which detects the rise and fall of their chest. An alarm alerts officers if a prisoner's breathing stops and carries on ringing until the door is opened.
Designers and psychologists have worked for years on colour. Blue is said to suggest trust, efficiency, duty, logic, coolness, thinking and calm. It also suggests coldness and unfriendliness.It is thought that strong blues will stimulate clear thought and lighter, soft colours will calm the mind and aid concentration.
Yellow is linked with confidence, self-respect and friendliness. Get the colour wrong and it could cause fear, depression and anxiety, but the right yellow can lift spirits and self-respect.
Ingrid Collins, a psychologist who specializes in the effects of colour, said that colour was an"energy force", She said: "Blue does enhance communication but I am not sure it would enhance truthful communication.”
Yellow, she said, affected the mind. Red on the other hand, should never be considered because it could increase aggression. Mrs Collins praised the designers for using colours in the cells. Gwent is not the first British force to experiment with colour to calm down or persuade prisoners to co-operate. In the 1990s Strathclyde Police used pink in cells based on research carried out by the US Navy.
42. The expression"tip the balance" in paragraph 1 probably indicates that the blue might_________.
A. let suspects keep their balance.
B. make suspects cold and unfriendly in law court.
C. help suspects to confess their crimes.
D. enable suspects to change their attitudes to colours.
43. Which of the following colours should not be used in cells according to the passage?
A. Pink. B. Red.
C. Blue. D. Yellow.
44. Which of the following helps alert officers if someone stops breathing？
A. Royal blue lines. B. Scanning equipment.
C. Glass doors. D. Yellow frames.
45. The passage is mainly concerned with__________.
A. the relationship between colours and psychology.
B. a comparison of different functions of colours.
C. scientific ways to help criminals reform themselves in prison.
D. the use of colours in cells to affect criminals psychology.
【答案】42. C 43. B 44. B 45. D
【解析】
本文为说明文。本文介绍了颜色在英国监狱中的应用，适当的颜色可以缓和罪犯的情绪，具有很大的益处。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据Nervous suspects(嫌疑犯) locked up in Britain's newest police station may feel relieved by a pleasant yellow colour on the door. If they are close to confessing a crime, the blue on the wall might tip the balance可知，黄色和蓝色是让人放松心情的颜色，所以在坦白罪行的时候能够缓解情绪，有利于罪行的交代，故选C。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后两句Gwent is not the first British force to experiment with colour to calm down or persuade prisoners to co-operate. In the 1990s Strathclyde Police used pink in cells based on research carried out by the US Navy.可知，在牢房中使用粉色可以使人放松，故选B。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段第一句The station has 31 cells, including 12 with a"live scan" system for drunken or disturbed prisoners, which detects the rise and fall of their chest.可知，该监狱共有31个囚室，其中12个囚室装有“实时扫描”系统，遇到情况就会向狱警发出警报，故选B。
【45题详解】
主旨大意题。根据上下文可知，本文介绍不同的颜色有不同的心理暗示，研究者们利用这一原理为监狱配备不同的颜色，从心理上影响罪犯。故选D。
(B)
Different countries have different tipping customs. When you travel, you need to know how to tip in the country that you’re in; otherwise you’ll leave servers angry everywhere you go.Here are just a few guidelines to tipping around the world.
Brazil
There will always be a standard 10% service charge added to your bill, and you won’t necessarily have to tip. If you do feel like being generous, an extra 5-10% will really make your server very happy. Just remember to do this as skillfully as possible—Brazilians don’t make a big show of this.
Dubai
In Dubai it’s a rule for restaurants to charge 10% tip on all restaurant and bar bills. You can add a couple of dirhams（迪拉姆,货币单位）to this if you feel like it. Waiters are not paid very much in Dubai, so it is always very appreciated.
Germany
German bars and restaurants will include the tip as part of what you owe, but that’s not all you have to pay. It is a custom to round the bill up after that, usually to the euro. This can be anywhere from 5-10%. When it’s time to settle up, you won’t get a bill: your waiter tells you the total and then you tell them how much you want to pay, including your “tip”, and hand over the money.
Czech Republic
While locals in the Czech Republic don’t leave tips, that doesn’t mean you’re off the hook.Foreign tourists are definitely expected to leave some kind of tip for service—as long as you’re in a high tourist traffic area, like Prague for instance. The standard tip is 10%.
India
If you like the service, go ahead and tip your server 5-10%. You have to adjust that amount though, based on how big the meal you’re eating is. If the bill is for a small meal, and totals less than 300 rupees, tip the full 10%. If the bill is higher, tip towards the 5%.
21. In which country do customers have to tip at least 10% for the service?
A. Dubai B. India C. Germany D. Czech Republic
22. Which country has different tip cultures between citizens and foreigners?
A. Dubai B. Germany C. India D. Czech Republic
23. If your bill is 2000 rupees in India, it is proper for you to tip________ rupees.
A. 10 B. 80 C.120 D. 200
【文章大意】 文章介绍了不同国家给小费的习俗。
1. A 根据全文可知， 只有在 Dubai， 顾客至少要给 10%的小费， 故选 A。 捷克共和国的本国消费者是不给小费的, D 项错误。
3. D 根据第五段第一、 二句话可知捷克共和国的公民不给小费， 但是外国人一定给小费， 故选 D。
2. C 根据最后一段最后一句话， 如果消费账单超过 300 rupees， 小费从 10%下降至 5%， 2000 rupees 的账单的小费应该少于 10% (200) 大于 5% (100), 故 C 项 120。
(C)
"When I was 16 years old, I was diving in Greece, but I was disappointed because I saw more plastic bags than fish.” These are the words of Boyan Slat, an engineer who designed the world's first ocean plastic cleanup system.
Every year, more than 8 million tons of plastics end up in our oceans, according to the UN Environment Programme. It is predicted that the weight of ocean plastics will match the weight of all the fish in our oceans by 2050. To prevent this from happening, in 2013 Slat created the Ocean Cleanup, an environmental non¬governmental organization, and put his plan for an ocean cleanup device into action.
After years of research and develop¬ment in the Netherlands, a device called System 001/B successfully started gathering plastics on October 2, 2019. The device uses a 600-meter-long C-shaped tube to gather all the floating rubbish. Unlike other cleanup methods, the system floats freely according to the direction of the waves, which allows waste to flow into and stay within the device. A sea anchor is attached to either end. This slows down the system as it floats through the water and allows the faster-moving rubbish, carried by the waves, to flow into its mouth. System 001/B can also collect waste below the surface using a 3-meter-deep skirt（挡板）attached to the end. After being gathered, the trash will be dragged back to shore by boat and recycled.
Right now, the system operates in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, an area that is 3 times the size of France. Once operational, the Ocean Cleanup expects a full fleet to be able to clear 50% of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch in 5 years.
"It remains to be seen whether this dream will become a reality, but it is undeniable that humanity must work together to reduce our plastic use and repair the damage our waste has caused," Slat said. "We are starting to see a young generation that gets it and is excited about a sustainable （可持续的）future, but the question still comes down to: Are we going fast enough, and how much damage will have been done before we get there?"
12. The underlined word “match” in Paragraph 2 probably means “_________”.
A. compare B. equal
C. measure D. cover
13. Why did Boyan Slat create the Ocean Cleanup?
A. To collect ocean plastic waste.
B. To help to invent System 001/B.
C. To protect the living environment of fish.
D. To do research on the ocean environment.
14. What can we know about System 001/B?
A. It can collect and recycle garbage at the same time.
B. It can only gather ocean waste which floats on the water.
C. It aims to clear up the Great Pacific Garbage Patch in five years.
D. It is an ocean-cleaning device which has already been put to use.
15. What does Slat want to tell us according to the last paragraph?
A. Young generations care less about the environment.
B. The future ecology of the oceans is deeply worrying.
C. People should work hard to decrease plastic pollution.
D. It's quite difficult to repair the damage to the environment.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了海洋塑料污染严重，工程师斯莱特设计了世界上第一个海洋塑料清理系统。一种名为System 001/B的装置于2019年10月2日成功地开始收集塑料。目前，该系统在太平洋垃圾场运行。人类必须共同努力，减少塑料的使用，并修复我们的废物造成的破坏。
12.B 词句猜测题。根据第二段中的Every year, more than 8 million tons of plastics end up in our oceans, according to the UN Environment Programme.(根据联合国环境规划署的数据，每年有超过800万吨的塑料最终进入我们的海洋。)及match前的the weight of ocean plastics(海洋塑料的重量)及其后的the weight of all the fish in our oceans(我们海洋中所有鱼类的重量)可知每年都有许多的塑料进入海洋，根据逻辑推理知海洋塑料的重量将会与鱼类的重量相等，可推测知match在此处意为“相等”，故选B项。
13.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的It is predicted that the weight of ocean plastics will match the weight of all the fish in our oceans by 2050. To prevent this from happening, in 2013 Slat created the Ocean Cleanup(据预测，到 2050 年，海洋塑料的重量将与我们海洋中所有鱼类的重量相匹配。为防止这种情况，Slat创立了The Ocean Cleanup)可知Slat创立The Ocean Cleanup是为了收集海洋塑料垃圾，防止塑料重量与鱼类重量相等的状况发生。故选A项。
14.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的a device called System 001/B successfully started gathering plastics on October 2, 2019.(一种名为System 001/B的设备于2019年10月2日成功开始收集塑料)可知System 001/B是一种已经投入使用的海洋清洁设备。故选D项。
15.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的it is undeniable that humanity must work together to reduce our plastic use and repair the damage our waste has caused(不可否认的是，人类必须共同努力减少塑料的使用并修复我们的废物造成的破坏。)可知Slat想传达出人们应该努力减少塑料污染。故选C项。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passages.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Your Next Nurse Could Be a Robot
Dr. De Momi, of the Politecnico di Milano (Italy), led an international team that trained a robot to imitate natural human actions. _____82_____ Over time this should lead to improvements in safety during surgeries because unlike their human counterparts robots do not tire and can complete an endless series of precise movements. The goal is not to remove human skill from the operating room, but to complement it with a robot’s particular skills and benefits.
“As a roboticist, I am convinced that robotic (co)workers and collaborators will definitely change the work market, but they won’t steal job opportunities. _____83_____” De Momi explains.
To conduct their experiment De Momi’s team photographed a human being conducting numerous reaching motions, in a way similar to handing instruments to a surgeon. These camera captures were input into the neural network of the robotic arm, which is crucial to controlling movements. Next a human operator guided the robotic arm in imitating the reaching motions that the human subject had initially performed. Although there was not a perfect overlap between the robotic and human actions, they were broadly similar.
_____84_____ These observers determined whether the actions of the robotic arms were “biologically inspired,” which would indicate that their neural networks had effectively learned to imitate human behavior. About 70% of the time this is exactly what the human observers concluded.
These results are promising, although further research is necessary to confirm or refine De Momi’s conclusions. If robotic arms can indeed imitate human behavior, it would be necessary to build conditions in which humans and robots can cooperate effectively in high stress environments like operating rooms. _____85_____ De Momi’s work is part of the growing field of healthcare robotics, which has the potential to change the way we receive health care sooner rather than later.
A. This future may not be as far away as we think.
B. Robots can’t successfully imitate doctors’ motions in the operating room.
C. Finally, several humans observed as the robotic arm made numerous motions.
D. The nursing assistant for your next trip to the hospital will still be a robot instead of human beings.
E. They will just allow us to decrease workload and achieve better performances in several tasks.
F. His work indicates that humans and robots can effectively cooperate during high-risk events such as surgeries.
【答案】82. F 83. E 84. C 85. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文，文中讲述意大利医生培训了机器人去模仿人类的动作，这将会提高在手术室里医生和机器人合作的效率。
【82题详解】
上句“Dr. De Momi, of the Politecnico di Milano (Italy), led an international team that trained a robot to imitate natural human actions.”提到意大利 医生De Momi带领国际团队，培训机器人去模仿人类的动作，承接上文，F选项“他的工作表明人类和机器人能有效地在像手术这样高风险的事情中合作”切题。该选项中his work 与上句该医生的做法是一致的 。故选F。
【83题详解】
上句“As a roboticist, I am convinced that robotic (co)workers and collaborators will definitely change the work market, but they won’t steal job opportunities. ”提到作为机器人专家，我相信机器人工作人员将一定能改变工作市场，但是他们不会偷走工作机会，承接上文，E项“他们只是允许我们降低工作负担，及在任务中表现的更好”切题，本句呼应上文中，“机器人并不能完全代替人类，只是帮助人类做的更好”。故选E。
【84题详解】
下句“These observers determined whether the actions of the robotic arms were “biologically inspired”中提到这些观察者们讲决定是否这些机器人的动作是受生理上的刺激。承接下文，C选项“最后，当机器人的胳膊做动作的时候，有几个人在观察”切题，本句中observed与下句中observers相呼应。故选C。
【85题详解】
根据本段开头句“These results are promising,”这些研究结果是有前途的”，呼应本主题句，A选项“未来不会太远”切题，并且呼应本段最后一句提到的“sooner rather than later ”。故选A。
第II卷
Section A
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1. 你们中有多少人将报名参加下周的校运动会？（sign）
2. 所有在场的人都反对花这么多的钱买这幅画。（object）
3. 他工作了一整天，没有吃任何东西，这使得他筋疲力尽。（which）
4. 听到H1N1的传播被有效控制的消息，政府决定奖励那些为社会做出巨大贡献的科学家。
1. How many of you are going to sign up for the school sports meeting next week?
2. All the people present objected to paying so much for the painting.
3. He worked all day without eating anything, which exhausted him.
4. Hearing the news that effective measures had been taken to prevent H1N1 from spreading, the government decided to reward the scientists who had made great contributions to society.
Section B
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是育新中学学生王明。你校正开展“绿色校园”主题活动，通过校英语报向全校学生征集有助于节能的建议。你决定向校报投稿，内容包括：
1. 你认为校园里还可以采取哪些措施来达到节能的目的 （1至2个措施）
2. 这些措施如果实施，可以带来怎样的好处。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Editor,
I’m writing to offer some suggestions on the theme campaign of “Green Campus”. The following is what I have worked out for saving energy, the purpose of which is to make our school a better place to study and live in.
As a top priority, it’s necessary for us to take effective measures to protect our campus from pollution and waste. For example, we can call on students to switch off taps and lights after using them to save water and electricity. Secondly, I really suggest building a botanical garden in the school, for not only can it make our campus more beautiful and lively, but also provide us with a close contact with nature so that we may be deeply aware of the importance of energy-saving and protection of environment.
I would appreciate it very much if you could take my advice into account and I would be proud if my advice can be of help to save energy and build a greener campus.
Unit 4 Sports
单元素养评估测试卷
第I卷
I. Listening Comprehension
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Life Doesn’t Just Happen to Us
Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough. Success depends mainly on our view of ourselves and of the events in our lives.
When twelve-year-old John Wilson walked into his chemistry class on a rainy day in 1931, he had no way of knowing that his life was to change completely. The class experiment that day was to show ____21____heating a container of water would bring air bubbling to the surface. Somehow, the container the teacher gave Wilson ____22____(heat) mistakenly held something more volatile(易挥发的) than water. When Wilson heated it, the container exploded, ____23____(leave) Wilson blinded in both eyes.
When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later, his parents attempted to find a way to deal with the disaster that ____24____(happen) to their lives. But Wilson did not regard the accident ____25____a disaster. He learned braille(盲文) quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind. There, he not only did well as a student but also became an ____26____(accomplish) public speaker.
Later, he worked in Africa,____27____many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treatment. For him, it was one thing to accept his own fate of being blind and quite another to allow something to continue when it ____28____be fixed so easily. Wilson did his best to prevent the preventable ____29____ tens of millions in Africa and Asia could recover their sight.
Wilson received several international awards for his great contributions. He lost his sight but found a vision. He proved that it’s not what happens to us _____30_____determines our lives- it’s what we make of what happens.
【答案】21. why 22. to heat 23. leaving 24. had happened 25. as 26. accomplished
27. where 28. could 29. so that 30. that
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了John在做课堂实验时，因为意外而失明，但他不气馁，通过他的实际行动和生活态度向我们证明，决定我们生活的不是发生在我们身上的事情，而是我们如何对待发生的事情。
【21题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：那天的班级实验是为了说明为什么加热一个盛水的容器会使空气冒泡到表面。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少原因状语，需用连接副词why引导。故填why。
【22题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：不知怎么的，老师给威尔逊加热的容器错误地装了比水更易挥发的东西。空处需填动词不定式做后置定语。故填to heat。
【23题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：当威尔逊加热时，容器爆炸了，威尔逊的双眼都瞎了。空处需填非谓语动词作结果状语，前面一句话和leave为逻辑上的主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填leaving。
【24题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：两个月后，当威尔逊从医院回到家时，他的父母试图找到一种方法来处理发生在他们生活中的灾难。happen发生在“attempted to”之前，表示“过去的过去”，使用过去完成时。故填had happened。
【25题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：但威尔逊并不认为这次事故是一场灾难。regard…as…为固定短语，意为“把……对待成……”。故填as。
【26题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在那里，他不仅是一名优秀的学生，而且还成为了一名出色的演说家。修饰名词speaker，需填形容词作定语。故填accomplished。
【27题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：后来，他在非洲工作，那里有许多人因缺乏适当的治疗而失明。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Africa在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。
【28题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：对他来说，接受自己失明的命运是一回事，而在事情可以轻易解决的情况下允许事情继续下去则完全是另一回事。结合句意“能够”和“was”可知，此处需填can的过去式could。故填could。
【29题详解】
考查从属连词。句意：威尔逊竭尽全力预防可预防的疾病，使非洲和亚洲的数千万人恢复视力。“ tens of millions in Africa and Asia could recover their sight.”是目的，需用从属连词so that引导目的状语从句。故填so that。
【30题详解】
考查强调句。句意：他证明了并不是发生在我们身上的事情决定了我们的生活，而是我们如何看待发生的事情。“It is+被强调部分+that+句子其他成分”为强调句的基本句型，此处对主语从句“what happens to us”进行强调。故填that。
Section B
A. honors B. inspiring C. cultural D. awoke E. promoting F. success
G. distinguished H. similar I. considered J. normally K. incredibly
Sports Icons(偶像) Who Lead a Change
China’s sports industry has entered a new era when the superstars themselves become the absolute focus of public attention. Compared with the gold medals and____31____the Chinese team has received sports stars play the role of____32____people and improving the status of their sports in China. The following is an overview of those stars who once were, currently are or in the future will become milestones to change China’s sports demographics(统计数据).
Yao Ming: China’s Ambassador(大使)
Standing at 2.29 meters, Yao Ming used basketball to become one of the mainstream____33____ambassadors in modern China. He first played for his hometown Shanghai Sharks team in the CBA where he became a CBA champion ad Finals MVP in 2002. Soon afterwards, Yao was chosen by the Houston Rockets as the top overall pick in 2002. Over an eight-year span with the Rockets, Yao became an eight-time NBA All-Star. Besides his____34____in the CBA and the NBA, Yao was also a big reason for China’s continued dominance in the Asia basketball scene and their constant presence at world-level competitions. To this day, Yao remains one of China’s most____35____sports and cultural icons.
Liu Xiang: A Great Breakthrough
China’s world champion hurdler, Liu Xiang____36____the nation’s long-sleeping interest in track and field events after he became the first man to ever win a men’s track and field event for China. Before Liu won a gold medal in the men’s 110m hurdle race at the Athens 2004 Olympic Games and set a world record two years later, Chinese people had never shown such a strong interest in track and field events. Liu has become a significant player in China’s track and field events and the craze that has followed him is____37____to Yao Ming’s influence on China’s basketball. Both athletes prove how powerful a super sports star can be on____38____the development of a sport in China.
Li Na: New Image of China’s Tennis
Being the first Asian to win the singles title of a Grand Slam tournament, Li Na opened the door to tennis in China and even Asia. Her victory at the French Open 2011 was like a fairy tale and she has since been____39____as a national sports hero equal to Yao Ming and Liu Xiang. A record-breaking 116 million viewers from China tuned in to watch Li become the French Open champion, marking the start of a women’s tennis boom in a country_____40_____left out of the tennis conversation.
【答案】31. A 32. B 33. C 34. F 35. G 36. D 37. H 38. E 39. I 40. J
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主题是：介绍了几位过去，现在或是未来会改变中国体育数据的里程碑式的运动员，包括姚明、刘翔和李娜。
【31题详解】
考查名词。句意：与中国队获得的金牌和荣誉相比，体育明星在中国发挥着鼓舞人心、提高他们的运动在中国的体育地位的作用。根据前文“gold medals and” 可知，空处应填名词和gold medals并列。honor“荣誉”，为名词，符合题意，且金牌和荣誉紧密联系。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查动词。句意：与中国队获得的金牌和荣誉相比，体育明星在中国发挥着鼓舞人心、提高他们的运动在中国的体育地位的作用。此处和后面“and improving the status of their sports in China（提升他们的运动在中国的地位）”以and来连接，空处形式应和improving并列。使用doing形式。宾语是people ，inspiring“激励；鼓舞”符合题意。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查形容词。句意：姚明身高2.29米，用篮球成为现代中国的主流文化大使之一。空后为名词ambassadors大使，空处应用形容词作定语来修饰ambassadors。cultural“文化的”为形容词，符合句意。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查名词。句意：除了在他在CBA和NBA的成功之外，姚明也是中国在亚洲篮球舞台上继续占据主导地位并不断出现在世界级比赛中的一个重要原因。根据前面his，可知空处应填名词，success“成功”为名词，符合题意。故选F项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词。句意：时至今日，姚明仍然是中国最杰出的体育和文化偶像之一。根据前面most可知，此处应使用形容词表示最高级。distinguished“杰出的”为形容词，符合题意。故选G项。
【36题详解】
考查动词。句意：中国跨栏世界冠军刘翔在成为第一个为中国赢得男子田径项目冠军后，唤醒了中国人对田径项目沉睡已久的兴趣。分析句子可知，此处应填谓语动词的一般过去时，awoke“唤醒”，符合题意。故选D项。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意：刘翔已然成为中国田径项目的一名重要球员，随之而来的热潮与姚明对中国篮球的影响相似。分析句子可知，此处作表语，将姚明和刘翔的影响力作对比，需填形容词。be similar to意为“和···相似”，符合句意。故选H项。
【38题详解】
考查动词。句意：两位运动员都证明了一位超级体育明星在促进中国体育发展方面的强大力量。根据介词on和the development of a sport in China“中国体育事业的发展”，可知，此处应填动词的doing形式。promoting“促进”符合题意。故选E项。
【39题详解】
考查动词。句意：她在2011年法国网球公开赛上的胜利就像一个童话，从此她被视为与姚明和刘翔并驾齐驱的民族体育英雄。根据has been 和as可知此处应填动词，be considered as“被认为···；被当作···”符合题意。故选I。
【40题详解】
考查副词。句意：来自中国创纪录的1.16亿观众收看了李娜成为法网冠军的比赛，这标志着一个通常被排除在网球话题之外的国家开始了女子网球热潮。left out of the tennis conversation“排除在网球话题之外”，为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰country。空处应使用副词形式来修饰动词词组left out。normally“通常地”,符合题意。故选J项。
II. Reading Comprehension
Section A
There is a Web site called the “World Database of Happiness.” It combines and analyzes the results of hundreds of surveys from around the world that have been conducted on life satisfaction. Most of the findings are ___27___, but a few are surprising.
The database makes it clear that there is not a strong connection between material wealth and general contentment. It is a cliché to say that money can’t buy happiness, but the old saying seems to be ___28___ by research. Many people still cling to the belief that gaining riches will be the answer to all their problems, yet they are probably ___29___.
Studies have been ___30___ on people who acquired sudden wealth, such as lottery winners. In most cases, after the ___31___ joy had worn off, people were not left with a sense of lasting happiness. In fact, they tended to revert to the way they ___32___ before they became rich. Previously contented people continue to be contented, ___33___ those who were miserable before sink back into misery.
If material wealth does not bring happiness, then what does? Perhaps happiness has something to do with where you live. The authorities at the World Database on Happiness have surveyed ___34___ of happiness in different countries. ___35___, people in America, Canada, and Singapore are very happy; people living in India and Russia, not surprisingly, are not happy.
Other surveys consistently ____36____ the importance of relationships. ____37____ relationships in particular seem to be the key to long-term contentment. The Web site suggests that falling in love and having children are two of the ____38____ that bring the greatest happiness.
Nowadays people look to technology as an ____39____ source of satisfaction. People increasingly spend more time alone watching TV or surfing the Internet ____40____ spending time with family. Can technology truly make people happy? It is too difficult to tell, but one thing is sure: If the Web site’s research is accurate, time spent with your family is a better ____41____ than time spent making money.
27. A. different B. predictable C. satisfactory D. unexpected
28. A. challenged B. widespread C. overtaken D. supported
29. A. generous B. positive C. hesitated D. mistaken
30. A. turned out B. done with C. carried out D. put forward
31. A. essential B. pleasant C. initial D. enviable
32. A. felt B. had C. chose D. lived
33. A. as B. so C. and D. while
34. A. levels B. standards C. senses D. examples
35. A. Strangely B. Hopefully C. Apparently D. Surprisingly
36. A. point to B. hold up C. deal with D. depend on
37. A. Partner B. Family C. Relative D. Society
38. A. situations B. relations C. destinations D. references
39. A. convenient B. alternative C. everlasting D. adequate
40. A. as far as B. rather than C. as well as D. in case of
41. A. environment B. circumstance C. investment D. civilization
【答案】27. B 28. D 29. D 30. C 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. A 35. C 36. A 37. B 38. A 39. B 40. B 41. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一家名为Wor1d Database of Happiness的网站，这家网站调查分析人们幸福的原因。最终得出结论：和家人的关系是保持幸福的关键。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大多数发现是可以预测的，但也有一些是令人惊讶的。A. different不同的；B. predictable可预言的；C. satisfactory满意的；D. unexpected意外的，想不到的。与后面的 surprising 对比，选 predictable。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们常说金钱买不到幸福，但这句谚语似乎得到了研究的支持。A. challenged挑战；B. widespread普遍的，广泛的；C. overtaken超过，赶上；D. supported支持。根据下文Studies have been carried out on people…可知，有研究的支持，所以选 supported。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多人仍然坚信获得财富就能解决他们所有的问题，然而他们可能错了。A. generous慷慨的，大方的；B. positive积极的；C. hesitated犹豫的；D. mistaken误解的，错误的。根据Many people still cling to the belief…和此句yet转折可知，此处表示错误的。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：正在对那些一夜暴富的人，例如彩票中奖的人进行研究。A. turned out结果证明是；B. done with完毕；C. carried out实施；D. put forward提出。根据主语Studies可知，此处表示实施研究。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在大多数情况下，在最初的快乐消失后，人们并没有留下一种持久的幸福感。A. essential基本的，必要的；B. pleasant令人愉快的；C. initial最初的；D. enviable引起忌妒的。根据people were not left with a sense of lasting happiness可知，此处表示最初的快乐（initial joy）。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：实际上，他们倾向于回到他们变得富有之前的感觉。A. felt感觉；B. had有；C. chose选择；D. lived居住。根据下文Previously contented people continue to be contented, ___7___ those who were miserable before sink back into misery.可知，此处指“感受的生活方式”。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查连接词辨析。句意：以前满足的人继续满足，而那些以前痛苦的人又重新陷入痛苦。A. as因为，在……时；B. so因此；C. and并且；D. while虽然，在……期间。前后两句是对比，应使用连接词while。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：世界幸福数据库的权威机构调查了不同国家的幸福水平。A. levels水平，标准；B. standards标准；C. senses感觉，判断力；D. examples例子。根据下文___9___, people in America, Canada, and Singapore are very happy; people living in India and Russia, not surprisingly, are not happy.可知，此处指levels of happiness“幸福水平”。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：显然，美国、加拿大和新加坡的人都很快乐；毫不奇怪，生活在印度和俄罗斯的人并不快乐。A. Strangely奇怪地；B. Hopefully有希望地；C. Apparently显然地，似乎，表面上；D. Surprisingly惊人地。对应后面的 not surprisingly，选 apparently表示显然的结果。故选C。
【36题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：其他调查一致指出了关系的重要性。A. point to指向，表明；B. hold up举起，阻挡；C. deal with对付，处理，涉及；D. depend on取决于，依赖。point to 指向。根据the importance of relationships可知，此处表示“关系的重要性”。故选A。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：家庭关系似乎是获得长期满足感的关键。A. Partner同伴，伙伴；B. Family家庭，家人；C. Relative亲戚，相关物；D. Society社会。根据下文中having children可知，此处是指“家庭关系”。故选B。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：该网站指出，坠入爱河和生儿育女是最能带来幸福的两种情形。A. situations情形，情境，局面；B. relations关系，交往；C. destinations目的地，终点；D. references参考文献，参照。根据falling in love and having children可知，此处是两种情形。故选A。
【39题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在人们把技术看作幸福的一个替代的来源。A. convenient方便的，便利的；B. alternative供选择的；C. everlasting永恒的，永久的；D. adequate充足的，适当的。根据source of satisfaction可知，此处指的是上文中出现的两种情境外又一可供选择的。故选B。
【40题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：人们花越来越多的时间独自看电视或上网，而不是花时间与家人在一起。A. as far as至于，直到；B. rather than宁可，而不是；C. as well as也，和……一样；D. in case of如果，万一。根据spend more time alone watching TV or surfing the Internet可知，人们选择了这两种，而不是和家人在一起。故选B。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这很难说，但有一件事是肯定的：如果网站的研究是准确的，那么与赚钱的时间相比，与家人在一起的时间是更好的投资。A. environment环境；B. circumstance状况，环境；C. investment投资；D. civilization文明，文化。investment 投资，根据time spent making money可知，此处看作是一种投资。故选C。
Section B
(A)
（A）
Nervous suspects(嫌疑犯) locked up in Britain's newest police station may feel relieved by a pleasant yellow colour on the door. If they are close to confessing a crime, the blue on the wall might tip the balance.
Gwent Police have abandoned colours such as greys and browns of the 20th-century police cell(牢房) and have used colour psychology to decorate them.
Ystrad Mynach station, which recently opened at a cost off5 million has four cells with glass doors for prisoners who suffer from claustrophobia（幽闭恐怖症）, Designers have painted the frames yellow, which researchers say is a calming colour. Other cells contain a royal blue line because psychologists believe that the colour is likely to encourage truthfulness.
The station has 31 cells, including 12 with a"live scan" system for drunken or disturbed prisoners, which detects the rise and fall of their chest. An alarm alerts officers if a prisoner's breathing stops and carries on ringing until the door is opened.
Designers and psychologists have worked for years on colour. Blue is said to suggest trust, efficiency, duty, logic, coolness, thinking and calm. It also suggests coldness and unfriendliness.It is thought that strong blues will stimulate clear thought and lighter, soft colours will calm the mind and aid concentration.
Yellow is linked with confidence, self-respect and friendliness. Get the colour wrong and it could cause fear, depression and anxiety, but the right yellow can lift spirits and self-respect.
Ingrid Collins, a psychologist who specializes in the effects of colour, said that colour was an"energy force", She said: "Blue does enhance communication but I am not sure it would enhance truthful communication.”
Yellow, she said, affected the mind. Red on the other hand, should never be considered because it could increase aggression. Mrs Collins praised the designers for using colours in the cells. Gwent is not the first British force to experiment with colour to calm down or persuade prisoners to co-operate. In the 1990s Strathclyde Police used pink in cells based on research carried out by the US Navy.
42. The expression"tip the balance" in paragraph 1 probably indicates that the blue might_________.
A. let suspects keep their balance.
B. make suspects cold and unfriendly in law court.
C. help suspects to confess their crimes.
D. enable suspects to change their attitudes to colours.
43. Which of the following colours should not be used in cells according to the passage?
A. Pink. B. Red.
C. Blue. D. Yellow.
44. Which of the following helps alert officers if someone stops breathing？
A. Royal blue lines. B. Scanning equipment.
C. Glass doors. D. Yellow frames.
45. The passage is mainly concerned with__________.
A. the relationship between colours and psychology.
B. a comparison of different functions of colours.
C. scientific ways to help criminals reform themselves in prison.
D. the use of colours in cells to affect criminals psychology.
【答案】42. C 43. B 44. B 45. D
【解析】
本文为说明文。本文介绍了颜色在英国监狱中的应用，适当的颜色可以缓和罪犯的情绪，具有很大的益处。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据Nervous suspects(嫌疑犯) locked up in Britain's newest police station may feel relieved by a pleasant yellow colour on the door. If they are close to confessing a crime, the blue on the wall might tip the balance可知，黄色和蓝色是让人放松心情的颜色，所以在坦白罪行的时候能够缓解情绪，有利于罪行的交代，故选C。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后两句Gwent is not the first British force to experiment with colour to calm down or persuade prisoners to co-operate. In the 1990s Strathclyde Police used pink in cells based on research carried out by the US Navy.可知，在牢房中使用粉色可以使人放松，故选B。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段第一句The station has 31 cells, including 12 with a"live scan" system for drunken or disturbed prisoners, which detects the rise and fall of their chest.可知，该监狱共有31个囚室，其中12个囚室装有“实时扫描”系统，遇到情况就会向狱警发出警报，故选B。
【45题详解】
主旨大意题。根据上下文可知，本文介绍不同的颜色有不同的心理暗示，研究者们利用这一原理为监狱配备不同的颜色，从心理上影响罪犯。故选D。
(B)
Different countries have different tipping customs. When you travel, you need to know how to tip in the country that you’re in; otherwise you’ll leave servers angry everywhere you go.Here are just a few guidelines to tipping around the world.
Brazil
There will always be a standard 10% service charge added to your bill, and you won’t necessarily have to tip. If you do feel like being generous, an extra 5-10% will really make your server very happy. Just remember to do this as skillfully as possible—Brazilians don’t make a big show of this.
Dubai
In Dubai it’s a rule for restaurants to charge 10% tip on all restaurant and bar bills. You can add a couple of dirhams（迪拉姆,货币单位）to this if you feel like it. Waiters are not paid very much in Dubai, so it is always very appreciated.
Germany
German bars and restaurants will include the tip as part of what you owe, but that’s not all you have to pay. It is a custom to round the bill up after that, usually to the euro. This can be anywhere from 5-10%. When it’s time to settle up, you won’t get a bill: your waiter tells you the total and then you tell them how much you want to pay, including your “tip”, and hand over the money.
Czech Republic
While locals in the Czech Republic don’t leave tips, that doesn’t mean you’re off the hook.Foreign tourists are definitely expected to leave some kind of tip for service—as long as you’re in a high tourist traffic area, like Prague for instance. The standard tip is 10%.
India
If you like the service, go ahead and tip your server 5-10%. You have to adjust that amount though, based on how big the meal you’re eating is. If the bill is for a small meal, and totals less than 300 rupees, tip the full 10%. If the bill is higher, tip towards the 5%.
21. In which country do customers have to tip at least 10% for the service?
A. Dubai B. India C. Germany D. Czech Republic
22. Which country has different tip cultures between citizens and foreigners?
A. Dubai B. Germany C. India D. Czech Republic
23. If your bill is 2000 rupees in India, it is proper for you to tip________ rupees.
A. 10 B. 80 C.120 D. 200
【文章大意】 文章介绍了不同国家给小费的习俗。
1. A 根据全文可知， 只有在 Dubai， 顾客至少要给 10%的小费， 故选 A。 捷克共和国的本国消费者是不给小费的, D 项错误。
3. D 根据第五段第一、 二句话可知捷克共和国的公民不给小费， 但是外国人一定给小费， 故选 D。
2. C 根据最后一段最后一句话， 如果消费账单超过 300 rupees， 小费从 10%下降至 5%， 2000 rupees 的账单的小费应该少于 10% (200) 大于 5% (100), 故 C 项 120。
(C)
"When I was 16 years old, I was diving in Greece, but I was disappointed because I saw more plastic bags than fish.” These are the words of Boyan Slat, an engineer who designed the world's first ocean plastic cleanup system.
Every year, more than 8 million tons of plastics end up in our oceans, according to the UN Environment Programme. It is predicted that the weight of ocean plastics will match the weight of all the fish in our oceans by 2050. To prevent this from happening, in 2013 Slat created the Ocean Cleanup, an environmental non¬governmental organization, and put his plan for an ocean cleanup device into action.
After years of research and develop¬ment in the Netherlands, a device called System 001/B successfully started gathering plastics on October 2, 2019. The device uses a 600-meter-long C-shaped tube to gather all the floating rubbish. Unlike other cleanup methods, the system floats freely according to the direction of the waves, which allows waste to flow into and stay within the device. A sea anchor is attached to either end. This slows down the system as it floats through the water and allows the faster-moving rubbish, carried by the waves, to flow into its mouth. System 001/B can also collect waste below the surface using a 3-meter-deep skirt（挡板）attached to the end. After being gathered, the trash will be dragged back to shore by boat and recycled.
Right now, the system operates in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, an area that is 3 times the size of France. Once operational, the Ocean Cleanup expects a full fleet to be able to clear 50% of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch in 5 years.
"It remains to be seen whether this dream will become a reality, but it is undeniable that humanity must work together to reduce our plastic use and repair the damage our waste has caused," Slat said. "We are starting to see a young generation that gets it and is excited about a sustainable （可持续的）future, but the question still comes down to: Are we going fast enough, and how much damage will have been done before we get there?"
12. The underlined word “match” in Paragraph 2 probably means “_________”.
A. compare B. equal
C. measure D. cover
13. Why did Boyan Slat create the Ocean Cleanup?
A. To collect ocean plastic waste.
B. To help to invent System 001/B.
C. To protect the living environment of fish.
D. To do research on the ocean environment.
14. What can we know about System 001/B?
A. It can collect and recycle garbage at the same time.
B. It can only gather ocean waste which floats on the water.
C. It aims to clear up the Great Pacific Garbage Patch in five years.
D. It is an ocean-cleaning device which has already been put to use.
15. What does Slat want to tell us according to the last paragraph?
A. Young generations care less about the environment.
B. The future ecology of the oceans is deeply worrying.
C. People should work hard to decrease plastic pollution.
D. It's quite difficult to repair the damage to the environment.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了海洋塑料污染严重，工程师斯莱特设计了世界上第一个海洋塑料清理系统。一种名为System 001/B的装置于2019年10月2日成功地开始收集塑料。目前，该系统在太平洋垃圾场运行。人类必须共同努力，减少塑料的使用，并修复我们的废物造成的破坏。
12.B 词句猜测题。根据第二段中的Every year, more than 8 million tons of plastics end up in our oceans, according to the UN Environment Programme.(根据联合国环境规划署的数据，每年有超过800万吨的塑料最终进入我们的海洋。)及match前的the weight of ocean plastics(海洋塑料的重量)及其后的the weight of all the fish in our oceans(我们海洋中所有鱼类的重量)可知每年都有许多的塑料进入海洋，根据逻辑推理知海洋塑料的重量将会与鱼类的重量相等，可推测知match在此处意为“相等”，故选B项。
13.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的It is predicted that the weight of ocean plastics will match the weight of all the fish in our oceans by 2050. To prevent this from happening, in 2013 Slat created the Ocean Cleanup(据预测，到 2050 年，海洋塑料的重量将与我们海洋中所有鱼类的重量相匹配。为防止这种情况，Slat创立了The Ocean Cleanup)可知Slat创立The Ocean Cleanup是为了收集海洋塑料垃圾，防止塑料重量与鱼类重量相等的状况发生。故选A项。
14.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的a device called System 001/B successfully started gathering plastics on October 2, 2019.(一种名为System 001/B的设备于2019年10月2日成功开始收集塑料)可知System 001/B是一种已经投入使用的海洋清洁设备。故选D项。
15.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的it is undeniable that humanity must work together to reduce our plastic use and repair the damage our waste has caused(不可否认的是，人类必须共同努力减少塑料的使用并修复我们的废物造成的破坏。)可知Slat想传达出人们应该努力减少塑料污染。故选C项。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passages.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Your Next Nurse Could Be a Robot
Dr. De Momi, of the Politecnico di Milano (Italy), led an international team that trained a robot to imitate natural human actions. _____82_____ Over time this should lead to improvements in safety during surgeries because unlike their human counterparts robots do not tire and can complete an endless series of precise movements. The goal is not to remove human skill from the operating room, but to complement it with a robot’s particular skills and benefits.
“As a roboticist, I am convinced that robotic (co)workers and collaborators will definitely change the work market, but they won’t steal job opportunities. _____83_____” De Momi explains.
To conduct their experiment De Momi’s team photographed a human being conducting numerous reaching motions, in a way similar to handing instruments to a surgeon. These camera captures were input into the neural network of the robotic arm, which is crucial to controlling movements. Next a human operator guided the robotic arm in imitating the reaching motions that the human subject had initially performed. Although there was not a perfect overlap between the robotic and human actions, they were broadly similar.
_____84_____ These observers determined whether the actions of the robotic arms were “biologically inspired,” which would indicate that their neural networks had effectively learned to imitate human behavior. About 70% of the time this is exactly what the human observers concluded.
These results are promising, although further research is necessary to confirm or refine De Momi’s conclusions. If robotic arms can indeed imitate human behavior, it would be necessary to build conditions in which humans and robots can cooperate effectively in high stress environments like operating rooms. _____85_____ De Momi’s work is part of the growing field of healthcare robotics, which has the potential to change the way we receive health care sooner rather than later.
A. This future may not be as far away as we think.
B. Robots can’t successfully imitate doctors’ motions in the operating room.
C. Finally, several humans observed as the robotic arm made numerous motions.
D. The nursing assistant for your next trip to the hospital will still be a robot instead of human beings.
E. They will just allow us to decrease workload and achieve better performances in several tasks.
F. His work indicates that humans and robots can effectively cooperate during high-risk events such as surgeries.
【答案】82. F 83. E 84. C 85. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文，文中讲述意大利医生培训了机器人去模仿人类的动作，这将会提高在手术室里医生和机器人合作的效率。
【82题详解】
上句“Dr. De Momi, of the Politecnico di Milano (Italy), led an international team that trained a robot to imitate natural human actions.”提到意大利 医生De Momi带领国际团队，培训机器人去模仿人类的动作，承接上文，F选项“他的工作表明人类和机器人能有效地在像手术这样高风险的事情中合作”切题。该选项中his work 与上句该医生的做法是一致的 。故选F。
【83题详解】
上句“As a roboticist, I am convinced that robotic (co)workers and collaborators will definitely change the work market, but they won’t steal job opportunities. ”提到作为机器人专家，我相信机器人工作人员将一定能改变工作市场，但是他们不会偷走工作机会，承接上文，E项“他们只是允许我们降低工作负担，及在任务中表现的更好”切题，本句呼应上文中，“机器人并不能完全代替人类，只是帮助人类做的更好”。故选E。
【84题详解】
下句“These observers determined whether the actions of the robotic arms were “biologically inspired”中提到这些观察者们讲决定是否这些机器人的动作是受生理上的刺激。承接下文，C选项“最后，当机器人的胳膊做动作的时候，有几个人在观察”切题，本句中observed与下句中observers相呼应。故选C。
【85题详解】
根据本段开头句“These results are promising,”这些研究结果是有前途的”，呼应本主题句，A选项“未来不会太远”切题，并且呼应本段最后一句提到的“sooner rather than later ”。故选A。
第II卷
Section A
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1. 你们中有多少人将报名参加下周的校运动会？（sign）
2. 所有在场的人都反对花这么多的钱买这幅画。（object）
3. 他工作了一整天，没有吃任何东西，这使得他筋疲力尽。（which）
4. 听到H1N1的传播被有效控制的消息，政府决定奖励那些为社会做出巨大贡献的科学家。
1. How many of you are going to sign up for the school sports meeting next week?
2. All the people present objected to paying so much for the painting.
3. He worked all day without eating anything, which exhausted him.
4. Hearing the news that effective measures had been taken to prevent H1N1 from spreading, the government decided to reward the scientists who had made great contributions to society.
Section B
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是育新中学学生王明。你校正开展“绿色校园”主题活动，通过校英语报向全校学生征集有助于节能的建议。你决定向校报投稿，内容包括：
1. 你认为校园里还可以采取哪些措施来达到节能的目的 （1至2个措施）
2. 这些措施如果实施，可以带来怎样的好处。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Editor,
I’m writing to offer some suggestions on the theme campaign of “Green Campus”. The following is what I have worked out for saving energy, the purpose of which is to make our school a better place to study and live in.
As a top priority, it’s necessary for us to take effective measures to protect our campus from pollution and waste. For example, we can call on students to switch off taps and lights after using them to save water and electricity. Secondly, I really suggest building a botanical garden in the school, for not only can it make our campus more beautiful and lively, but also provide us with a close contact with nature so that we may be deeply aware of the importance of energy-saving and protection of environment.
I would appreciate it very much if you could take my advice into account and I would be proud if my advice can be of help to save energy and build a greener campus.
相关试卷
2021学年1 No limits巩固练习： 这是一份2021学年1 No limits巩固练习，共12页。
高中英语上教版（2020）必修 第二册3 Progress精练： 这是一份高中英语上教版（2020）必修 第二册3 Progress精练，共19页。
英语必修 第二册2 Roads to educationn练习： 这是一份英语必修 第二册2 Roads to educationn练习，共21页。
