--中考英语《语态》专题考点归纳&专题训练

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中考英语《语态》专题考点归纳&专题训练学生课堂手稿【考点梳理】总概：语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语的关系。当主语是动作的执行者时用主动语态(某人做某事);当主语是动作的承受者时,用被动语态(某事被某人做)。考点一各种常见时态的被动语态   被动语态的构成:助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(即p.p.)。被动语态常用的时态共有8种:       一般现在时：am / is / are+p.p.Bananas are grown in the south of China.香蕉在中国南部种植。       一般过去时：Was / were+p.p.The car was bought last year.这辆汽车是去年买的。       一般将来时：will/shall+be+p.p.&be going to+be+p.p.The building will be finished in a month.这座楼将在一个月后竣工。       现在进行时：am/is/are being+p.p.The trees are being watered by the workers.工人们在浇树。       现在完成时：have/has been+p.p.My car has been repaired for a week.我的车已修一个星期了。       过去进行时：was/ were being+p.p.The trees were being cut down at that time last night. 昨天晚上的那个时候树被砍倒了。       过去完成时：had been+p.p.By the time we got there,the fire had been put out. 我们到那儿时，火已经被扑灭       过去将来时：should/would+be+p.p.They said the work would be finished on time.他们说工作将会按时完成。【实战演练】1.—Who’s the little girl in the photo, Laura? —It’s me. This photo 　　　when I was five. A.is taken　　B.takes　　C.was taken　　D.took2.—I want to teach in the poor countryside of Qinghai when I graduate from the college.—Me, too. Teachers 　　　very much there. A.need B.are needingC.are needed D.needed3.A lot of new roads 　　　in order to develop the villages in the next five years. A.built B.were builtC.build D.will be built4.People who 　　　to the party are very excited. A.have invited B.has been invitedC.will invite D.have been invited1答案:C2答案:C3答案:D4答案:D 考点二主动语态变为被动语态的方法主动语态变为被动语态时,通常遵循以下三个步骤:1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。2.把主动语态的谓语动词改为与其时态相对应的被动形式,且与被动语态的主语保持人称和数的一致。3.将主动语态的主语改为介词by的宾语,置于句末。“by+宾语”在句中常省略。请对比下面的主动句和被动句:
【即学即练】1.Bob gave me a nice present. (改为被动语态)A nice present 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　me by Bob. 2.Ann told me to buy some food. (改为被动语态)I 　　　　　　　　　　to buy some food by Ann. 1答案:was given to2答案:was told 考点三被动语态的几种特殊形式 1.含有双宾语的主动句变为被动句含有双宾语的主动句变成被动句时有两种变法:(1)把指“人”的间接宾语变为主语,指“物”的直接宾语保留不变。My father gave me a new bike.I was given a new bike by my father.我爸爸给了我一辆新自行车。(2)把指“物”的直接宾语变为主语,间接宾语前要加介词to(在send,pass,write,give,show,bring等动词之后)或for(在buy,cook,make,order,choose等动词之后)。My teacher gave me some advice.Some advice was given to me by my teacher.老师给了我一些建议。Mary bought me a new book.A new book was bought for me by Mary.玛丽给我买了一本新书。2.含有复合宾语的主动句变被动句(1)含有复合宾语的主动句变为被动句时,要将其中的宾语变成主语,宾语补足语不变。Jim asked Tom to go for a walk.Tom was asked by Jim to go for a walk.吉姆叫汤姆去散步。(2)在主动句中,一些表示感官或使役意义的动词,如hear,watch,see,feel,notice,let,make,have和help等后面的宾语补足语是动词不定式时,主动语态中要用不带to的动词不定式,但在变为被动语态时,不定式符号to应补出。The boss made them work for 16 hours a day.They were made to work for 16 hours a day(by the boss).老板让他们一天工作16个小时。【巧学妙记】感使动词好奇怪,to来to去费神猜。主动句里to拿走, 被动句中to回来。3.短语动词的被动形式许多不及物动词加介词或副词后构成的短语动词,相当于及物动词。在变为被动语态的时候,不能把短语动词分开,也不能漏掉短语动词中的介词或副词。Tony always takes care of his sister.His sister is always taken care of by Tony.托尼总是照顾他妹妹。4.主动形式表示被动意义(1)某些表示主语质地、自身特征的动词,如write,wash,sell,read,clean,cook等,常和副词well或easily连用,用主动 形式表示被动意义。这些动词在这种情况下,一般用作不及物动词。The shop opens at six in the morning.这家商店上午六点开门。The pen writes well.这支钢笔写起来很流利。feel,sound,taste,smell等动词常用主动形式表示被动意义。The songs sound good.这些歌听起来很好听。(3)在表示“需要”意义的need,want,require等词后接主动的动词- ing形式表示被动意义。The house needs repairing.这座房子需要修理。(4)在be worth doing句型中,句子的主语是doing的逻辑宾语,但是仍然使用主动形式。The film is well worth watching.这部电影很值得看。【巧学妙记】巧记被动语态用法谁做动作不知道,或说谁做不必要;言者强调承受者,被动语态都最好。宾语提前主语变,时态人称be 关键; 过去分词勿变错,原主变宾by 后见。不定式若省略to,请听观感使让助; 但有一点要记住,被动语态补上to。【即学即练】1.These rules are made 　　　the disabled. A.protect B.protectedC.to protect D.protecting2.—What are you going to do? —My bike is broken. It needs　　　. A.repair B.repairedC.repairing D.be repaired1答案:C2答案:C