初中英语六大时态知识点用法总结
展开这是一份初中英语六大时态知识点用法总结,共9页。教案主要包含了一般现在时,现在进行时,一般将来时,一般过去时,过去进行时,现在完成时等内容,欢迎下载使用。
保持系动词:keep、stay、remain
1. 系动词
变化系动词:g、get、turn、becme
感官系动词:feel、sund、smell、lk、taste
Tips:
①系动词与adj.搭配 eg. lk happy/unhappy、keep/stay healthy
②感官系动词翻译为“...起来”, eg. sunds great 听起来很棒
sund 表示听起来,hear强调听到的结果;listen强调听的动作;
lk 表示看起来,see强调看到的结果;watch强调看的动作
2. 实义动词(行为动词) 及物动词Vt.
不及物动词 Vi.
Tips:
① Vt.可直接加宾语(名词或者其他)
② Vi.必须加介词再在加宾语(名词或其他)(Vi.+prep.+宾语.);也可以直接单独使用,不加成分
③ 实义动词(行为动词)可以由副词adv.修饰
3. 助动词 d、des、did
情态动词 can、shuld、may、shall、must... 用法:情态动词后用动词原形
动词常考用法:1. What des he/she lk like?=Hw des she/he lk?
2. He lks happily at me. 他很开心的看着我。
3. He lks s happy. 他看起来很开心。
第一句lk为行为动词,表示“看”这个动作,且是不及物动词,因为其后有介词at,修饰行为动词用副词,所以将形容词happy变为副词happily。
第二句lk翻译为“看起来”,是感官系动词,所以由形容词happy修饰即可。
二、一般现在时
一般现在时定义:表示经常性、习惯性的动作或者状态、特征或客观真理。
用法类型:
1. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作,经常与频率副词连用。频率副词(从大到小):always usually ften smetimes seldm hardly never(用法:位于行为动词前、be动词和助动词后)
eg. He ften plays basketball.
2. 客观事实、普遍真理
eg. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
3. 名言警句
eg. Bad news travels fast.
4. 预定时刻(飞机/火车等时刻、课程安排时间、电影开演时间...)
eg. The train leaves at 7.pm.
5. 主将从现 (主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时)
常考:if/as sn as/befre/after
eg. If the weather is fine tmrrw, we will g fishing tgether.
6. Here/there 引导的倒装句
eg. Here cmes the bus.
句子结构:
Tips: 其他常见的分为三种:形容词adj. eg. I am gd.
名词n. eg. I am a gd student.
介词短语 eg. I am in the classrm.
动词第三人称单数变化规则:
① 一般在词尾加-s。eg. plays
② 以辅音加y结尾,变y为i,加-es。eg. study-studies
③ 以x、s、ch、sh结尾,加-es。eg. watch-watches
④ 以辅音加结尾,加-es。eg. g-ges
特例:have-has
否定句和疑问句的改写原则:有be提be;有情提情;无情无be请求助。
三、现在进行时
定义:表示现在正在做的事或是这个阶段正在进行或从事的动作。
eg. We are having lessns nw. The teacher is teaching us English these days.
动词现在分词变化形式:
①直:一般情况下,直接在词尾加-ing。eg. wrking
②去:去掉词尾不发音的e,再加-ing。 eg. riding
③双:词尾重读闭音节,双写辅音字母再加-ing。 eg.shpping
④改:以ie结尾的重读闭音节,改ie为y加-ing。 eg.die-dying lie-lying
用法类型:
1. 现在正在做的事(一般带有时间标志词)
eg. nw、 at the mment、listen、lk、at present、at this
2. 现阶段正在做的事情,但是此时此刻不一定正在做(these days、recently)
eg. I am ding exercise these days.
I am reading bks recently.
★下列动词一般不能用现在进行时:
①感官系动词:lk sund smell feel taste
②表喜欢或厌恶的词:like lve hate dislike
③表希望的动词:want wuld like
④表状态的动词:be
⑤表归属或需要的动词:have wn need
⑥表思维、知识或理解能力的动词:knw think frget
四、一般将来时
定义:表示将来某一时段的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。
句子结构:
用法类型:
1. be ging t d,will d,shall d的区别:
will的用法:
①表示将要发生的动作或状态
eg.We hpe the dctrs and nurses in Health center will help the peple in need.
Millie will be free this afternn.
②表示客观上势必发生的事情
eg. Amanda's brther will be fur years ld next year.
be ging t的用法:
①表示长期的计划、打算
eg.He is ging t be a pstman when he grws up.
②表示根据客观迹象推测将要发生的事
eg.Lk! There are many cluds in the sky. Itis ging t rain sn.
shall的用法:
shall d用于第一人称,表示包含听话人在内。
eg. Shall we meet at 7:00 tmrrw?
(注:这样的情况下只能用shall,因为这个we包含听话人在内)
2.与反义疑问句相结合:
eg. There is ging t be a sprts meeting next Wednesday, isnt there?
【注意】there be句型的将来时:there will be和there is/are ging t be
3.主将从现
eg. If the weather is fine tmrrw, we will g fishing tgether.
If we wrk hard, ur dreams can cme true.
If it rains this afternn, please take yur umbrella with me.
if引导条件状语从句时,时态上遵循“主将从/祈/情现”的原则。
①(If yu)think hard, and yu will find a way ut.
②(If yu)dn’t think hard, and yu will nt find a way ut.
条件句的转换:含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句可用“祈使句, and/r…”结构改为并列句,and +好结果,r+坏结果。
4.现进表将来:cme, g, arrive, leave, start/begin,die
eg.Christmas is cming.
Mr. Smith is leaving fr Beijing this evening.
5.一般现在时表将来:预定时刻(飞机/火车时刻、课程安排时间、电影开演时间...)
eg. The train leaves at 7.pm.
五、一般过去时
定义:表示过去某时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
用法类型:
1.表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状。
eg.we visited a park last Sunday.
2.表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。(常考used t d sth.过去常常做某事 )
When I was a student,I used t play ftball with my classmates.
补:get/be used t ding sth. 习惯做某事
eg. I used t g t schl by bus,but I am/get used t ging by bike.
be used t d sth.被用来做某事
eg.Pumpkin is used t make pumpkin lantern.
3.与一般过去时连用的过去时间状语
at that time, then, at that mment…
yesterday, yesterday mrning (afternn, evening…)
last night (week, mnth, year…)
一段时间+ag (several/tw days ag, a week ag, three years ag , lng lng ag…)
in +过去的年份 (in 1997…)
just nw, the ther day(前几天)
六、过去进行时
定义:过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或者某段时间正在进行或发生的动作.
eg.I was ding my hmewrk at this time yesterday.
用法类型:
1.过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。
常与之连用的时间状语有:
at that time/mment, (at) this time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week…),
at+点钟+yesterday (last night / Sunday…),when sb. did sth等时间状语从句
eg.What were yu ding at 7p.m. yesterday?
I first met Mary three years ag. She was wrking at a bk shp at that time.
I was cking when she kncked at the dr.
2.when/while/as用法(引导时间状语从句)
when可接长动作,也可接短动作。
while只可以接长动作。
①在某事进行的过程中突然发生某事(主短从长,既可以用when,也可用while):
eg.The earthquake happened when/while I was sleeping.
The telephne rang when/while I was sweeping the flr.
②在某事发生的时候,某人正在做某事。(主长从短,只用when)
eg.I was sleeping when the earthquake happened.
He was putting in a light when I entered the rm.
③两个人各干各的事情,互不相干。(主长从长,只用while)
eg. My mther was cking while my father was watching TV.
as用法:
①表示“一边...,一边...”
eg.The students tk ntes as they listened.
②表示“随着...发生”
eg.As time went n / by, she became mre and mre beautiful.
③表示两个短暂行为或事情几乎同时发生
eg.I thught f it just as yu pened yur muth.
④接名词表示某一个年龄段时
eg.As a little by (When he was a little by), he began t learn t play the pian.
3.the next ...表示过去时态(next...表示将来时态)
eg.His dream came true the next year.
4.一般过去时与过去进行时的用法比较及区别:
① 一般过去时表示“在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态”
② 过去进行时则表示“在过去某个特定时间正在进行的动作”。
eg.Tm wrte a letter t his friend last night. (信写完了)
Tm was writing a letter t his friend last night. (信不一定写完)
七、现在完成时
定义:过去的动作或状态持续到现在,或对现在造成的影响,可能持续发生下去。
句子结构:
过去分词规则变化:
1.一般动词,在词尾直接加“ed”。
eg. wrk---wrked---wrked visit---visited---visited
2.以“e”结尾的动词,在词尾加“d”。
eg. live---lived
3.以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词,将 “y” 变为 “i”,再加“ ed ”。
eg. study---studied---studied cry---cried---cried
4.重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写该辅音字母加“ed”。
eg. stp---stpped---stpped drp---drpped--drpped
★★★用法类型:
1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
e.g. -- It’s s dark.--Smene has turned ff the light.
(有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑)
e.g. The car has arrived. (结果:车子已在门口)
e.g. Smene has brken the windw.(结果:窗户仍破着)
2.表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态,通常和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用,如fr+时间段、since+过去的时间点、s far、hw lng 等。
e.g. My uncle has wrked in this factry fr five years.
(注意:My uncle wreked in this factry,but he is a teacher nw.)
Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002.
Hw lng have yu been here ?
3.现在完成时还可以表示一个动作到现在为止发生的次数或者经历。
e.g. I have already read this bk three times.
注意:对多少次提问要用hw many times
4.现在完成时的标志性词(九词语两结构三词组):
①already 已经 肯定句中或句尾
e.g. I have already fund my pen. = I have fund my pen already.
②yet 已经 否定句和疑问句句尾
e.g. I have nt finished the wrk yet.(还(没))
Have yu bught a cmputer yet? (已经)
③ever 曾经 句中
e.g. Have yu ever seen pandas?
④never 从不 句中
e.g. I have never been t Beijing.
⑤just 刚刚 句中
e.g. I have just dne my wrk.
注意:just 是现完标志,just nw 是一般过去时的标志。
⑥befre 以前 句尾
e.g. I have never been there befre.
⑦s far 到目前为止
e.g. S far he has learnt 200 wrds.
⑧hw lng 多久
e.g. Hw lng have yu lived here?
注意:对现在完成时fr,since引导的时间状语提问用hw lng
⑨hw many times 多少次
e.g. Hw many times has he been t Beijing?
其他现在完成时的标志性词汇:recently 最近(句末)ver the years这些年来 in/ver/during the past/last … years在过去的….年中
两结构(since & fr的用法):
since: (自…以来)
①since+时间点eg.He has stayed here since 5 ’clck.
②since+ 时间段+ ageg.He has stayed here since 5 hurs ag.
③since+ 从句(句中的谓语动词为过去式)
eg.She has taught English since he came here.
fr: (长达)
fr+时间段eg.He has kept the bk fr 2 weeks.
补:They have wrked in the factry since ten mnths ag.
= They have wrked in the factry ten mnths ag.
have gne t、have been in、have been t的区别:
①have gne t 有去无回
e.g.Where’s yur father? He has gne t Shanghai. 表示人在上海,没回来
②have been t有去有回(去过了)一般与表示次数的词搭配。
e.g.I have been t Shanghai three times. 表示去过了上海,回来了。
I have never been t Shanghai. 我没有去过上海。
③have been in/at表示人在某地多长时间了,与fr, since, hw lng连用。
e.g.I have been in Shanghai fr 3 years. 我在上海待了三年了。
I have been at schl fr 3 years. 我在学校三年了。
I have been here fr 3 years.我在这待了三年了。
补:地点副词如where、here/there、hme(不包括prn.+hme)前不用介词。
★★★现在完成时的五大句型:
1.It's +一段时间+since…(或It has been +一段时间+since…)
e.g. It is 8 years since I came t Nanjing.
= It has been 8 years since I came t Nanjing.
2.This is the +形容词最高级+ 名词+ that +从句(从句用现在完成时)
e.g. This is the saddest film that I have ever seen.
3. Where have yu been?
4. There have/ has been …
e.g. There have been great changes t my hmetwn in the past tw years.
5. It is the first / secnd/… time that+从句(从句用现在完成时)
e.g. It is the first time that I have visited Beijing.
引申考点:
现在完成时与反义疑问句结合的考点:
1.'s是is还是has的辨析:
has只有表示现在完成时的助动词时,才可以缩写为's。所以,我们可以得出:
's后面如果不是过去分词,那么一定是is,而不是has。
如果's后面是过去分词,我们还要区分主被动,如果是表达主动意,那么's是has的缩写,如果表达的是被动意,那么仍然是is的缩写。
eg.He's already back t China, isn't he?
He's already been back t China, hasn't he?
He's always made t d a lt f husewrk, isn't he?
2.have/has是助动词还是行为动词:如果have/has表示的是助动词,那么后面要有过去分词;如果后面没有过去分词,那么have/has就是行为动词。
eg.He has gne t Hainan, hasn't he?
He has a lt f things t d, desn't he?
He has t g hme nw, desn't he?
延续性动词与非延续性动词:
现在完成时态中可以和表示一段时间的状语连用的动词必须是连续性的,
延续性动词,是指动作可以延续的动词,可以跟表示持续一段时间状语连用
如:be, have, knw,live, wrk, study, learn, teach, keep, speak, talk, draw, wait, wear, walk, sleep, drive,write, d, clean等,
非延续性动词,表示的动作不能延续,若要跟fr和since连用,则要将非延续动词用延续性动词来代替,如cme, g, arrive, reach, see, hear, clse, pen, leave,begin, start, lse, buy, fall, jin, die, get up, becme, brrw, lend, find, finish, receive等,要转换成延续性动词才能与其连用
否定句除外:
eg.I haven’t heard frm my father fr a lng time.
We haven’t seen him since 1999.
eg.He has been in the army fr three years / since three years ag.
=He has been a sldier fr three years / since three years ag.
I have had the bk fr three mnths.
My aunt has wrked in a cmpany since 1949.
现在完成时和一般过去时的区别:
现在完成时与一般过去时都表示“动作已经发生”,但不同点在于:
①侧重点不同
现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系,即对现在产生的结果、影响,侧重现在的情况等,而一般过去时只表示过去的事实,不表示和现在的关系。
eg.He has learned French fr three years.他学法语已经三年了。
He learned French fr three years.他曾经学过三年法语。
Wh has taken my bag? I culdn't find it.谁拿走了我的包?我找不到了?
He cleaned the huse yesterday.他昨天打扫过房间。
The rm is clean, fr he has cleaned it already.房间很干净,因为他已经打扫过。②时间状语不同
现在完成时不可与表示过去的时间副词连用,而一般过去时则可以。
eg.He has dne sme washing 他已经洗完衣服了。
He did sme washing yesterday.他昨天洗衣服了。
③对谓语动作的要求不同
现在完成时可表示过去开始延续到现在的动作和状态,此时往往和表示一段时间的状语连用;这是谓语动词要用连续性动词而不用非延续性动词;一般过去时中的谓语动词没有延续性或非延续性。
eg.He has been away frm his hmetwn fr 20 years.
他离开家乡20年了。(此处谓语动词不能用has left)
He left his hmetwn 20 years ag.20年前他离开了家乡。
补:
①现在完成时强调的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响,所以若是过去发生的一个动作,现在情况已经发生变化,则不用现在完成时,而用一般过去时。
②现在完成时不与when引导的特殊疑问句连用, when后只用一般过去时表示已发生的动作。但现在完成时可与where, why等疑问词连用。
be动词
肯定句
主语
am/is/are
其他.
否定句
主语
am/is/are nt
其他.
一般疑问句
Am/Is/Are
主语
其他?
回答
Yes/N
主语+am/is/are nt.
助动词
肯定句
主语
v./v.(-s/-es)
其他.
否定句
主语
d/des nt+v.原形
其他.
一般疑问句
D/Des
主语+v.原形
其他?
回答
Yes/N,
主语+des/d/dn’t/desn’t.
be动词
行为动词
肯定
主语+will be;
主语+is/am/are ging t be
主语+will+V原;
主语+is/am/are ging t+V原
否定
主语+will nt(wn’t) be;
主语+isn’t/am nt/aren’t ging t be
主语+will nt(wn’t)+V原;
主语+isn’t/am nt/aren’t ging t+V原
疑问
will+主语+be;
is/am/are+主语+gng t be
will+主语+V原;
is/am/are+主语+gng t+V原
Shall we/I +V原
be动词
行为动词
肯定
主语+have/has been
主语+have/has+过去分词
否定
主语+haven't/hasn't been
主语+haven't/hasn't+过去分词
疑问
have/has+主语+been
have/has+主语+过去分词
fr tw mnths
fr + 一段时间
Jim has lived here fr 2 mnths.
since last year
since + 过去时间点
Lucy has been in Beijing since
3 years ag.
since 3 years ag
since 1990
since he came here
since + 一般过去式
He has been in China since he came here.
短暂性动词
延续性动词
现在完成时形式
leave
be away ( frm sp)
have been away (frm)
brrw
keep
have kept
buy
have
have had
die
be dead
have been dead
get married
be married
have been married
jin
be in / be a member f
have been in / have been amember f
cme back / return
be back
have been back
g ut
be ut
have been ut
receive/get a letter/hear frm
have a letter
have had a letter
pen
be pen
have been pen
clse
be clsed
have been clsed
begin/start
be n
have been n
stp / finish/ end
be ver
have been ver
mve t
be in / live in
have been in / have lived in
get up
be up
have been up
wake up
be awake
have been awake
fall asleep
be asleep
have been asleep
catch a cld
have a cld
have had a cld
cme/g/arrive/reach/get t
be in/at/n…
have been in/at/n
begin / start t d sth
d sth
have dne sth
get t knw
knw
have knwn
put n
wear
have wrn
break dwn
be brken
have been brken
get lst/lse ne’s way
be lst
have been lst
get angry / excited
be angry/ excited
have been angry/excited
get wrried/interested
be wrried/interested
have been wrried/interested
becme
be
have been
get used t ding sth
be used t ding sth
have been used t ding sth
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