话题09 历史地理- 中考英语重难题型热点主题时文押题组合练

这是一份话题09 历史地理- 中考英语重难题型热点主题时文押题组合练，共12页。
 中考英语时文阅读组合训练
主题：历史地理
001 A完形填空 最初的电话时代
002 B阅读理解 一封给拉斐尔的信
003 C阅读理解 尼罗河
004 D阅读理解 鸮-智慧的化身还是邪恶的夜之守护者
005 E任务型阅读 洛阳白马寺
006 F短文填空 一个地震频发的国家
007 传统文化趣味读 神秘而精致的中国脸谱
A完形填空
主题：最初的电话时代
In the earliest days of the telephone, people couldn't call to one another directly. They needed an intermediary（中间人）-a telephone operator-to relay（转送）their 1 on a central machine connected to receivers' wires. It was a(n) 2 new service that helped a new 3 spread widely to the public.
The idea came 4 April 1877, when 40-year-old George Coy took part in a lecture by Alexander Graham Bell. In it, the famous inventor showed how he could communicate with two friends-one 27 miles away, 5 38 miles-using telephone. Coy, who worked in the telegraph business, 6 made a deal with Bell to set up the first telephone exchange in the United States. It was a central machine that allowed anyone with a telephone to call or be called by anyone else 7 had one.
Coy's telephone exchange, in New Haven, 8 in 1878,with all of 21 customers, including the local police, post office and a drug store. Today, Coy is often 9 the world's first telephone operator. 10 Louis Frost, the 17-year-old son of one of Coy's business partners, was most 11 the first operator.
As the number of telephones in the US 12 ,so did the need for operators. In 1910, there were 88,000 women telephone operators in the United States. By 1920,there were 178,000,and by 1930,235,000.
In the telephone's earliest days, one phone could be 13 to another by wire, allowing their two 14 to speak. While that may have seemed like a miracle 15 ,it was clear that the telephone would be much more useful if any given phone could communicate with lots of phones. Telephone exchanges made that possible.
1.A.news
B. calls
C. stories
D. messages
2.A.expensive
B. natural
C. important
D. boring
3.A.technology
B. tradition
C. introduction
D. method
4.A.at
B. on
C. for
D. in
5.A.other
B. other's
C. others
D. the other
6.A.soon
B. before
C. after
D. since
7.A.where
B. which
C. what
D. who
8.A.closed
B. opened
C. stopped
D. continued
9.A.kindto
B. similar with
C. called as
D. suitable for
10.A.Although
B. Because
C. But
D. And
11.A.probably
B. luckily
C. gradually
D. amazingly
12.A.changed
B. increased
C. supported
D. encouraged
13.A.connected
B. refused
C. took
D. brought
14.A.friends
B. workers
C. owners
D. partners
15.A.in time
B. all the time
C. on time
D. at the time
B阅读理解
主题：一封给拉斐尔的信
Dear Rafael,
I'm writing this letter to share my tour during the May Day holiday with you. On May 2nd, I took an eight-hour train from Shenzhen to Wenling, a county in Zhejiang Province. The next morning, I got on a bus, and spent an hour arriving at the destination: Shitang Town. It is an old fishing town close to the sea on three sides. Houses are in a simple style built with stones. To defend（防御） against the sea wind, the roofs are also made of rocks.
After nearly an hour's walk in the town, I arrived at an open area with fishing boats in a port （港口）. The port is a famous fishing port in Zhejiang Province as well as in China. May 1st was the beginning of the break for China's fishing industry, so I was lucky to see all kinds of boats there.
Moving forward by climbing a hill that is home to Xiaoshatou Village, I ran across a Shaoxing opera show celebrating the birth of Tianhou， or Matsu. She is commonly known to the coastal（沿海的） people of Southeast Asia. I also saw a huge wall painting showing a fishing scene in the village.
Then， after walking through a long tunnel （隧道），I finally saw the best part of this trip: a rainbow-like village! Xiaoruo Village used to be on an island but now the island is connected to the mainland （大陆），and the walls of the whole village are painted with all kinds of colors and provide ideal views for taking photos. The idea of painting the walls came from the practice of an Italian village in which its people live by fishing. To help their husbands recognize （识别）their houses at first sight when returning to the port，wives started to paint the house with colors.
To be honest, I really enjoyed this trip and I knew more about the fishing and culture in the coastal area. Have a good day!
Yours,
Lily
1.The underlined word “destination” probably means in Chinese.
A.车站
B.海边
C.岛屿
D.目的地
2.The houses in Shitang Town are built with against the sea wind.
A. glass
B. stones
C. wood
D. bamboo
3.The author could see lots of boats because .
A. sightseeing on boats was provided
B. boats were painted on a large wall
C. boats were ready for fishing
D. the break for the fishing industry started
4.Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Xiaoshatou Village is a rainbow-like village.
B. Xiaoruo Village is on an island now.
C. The idea of painting the walls came from Italy.
D. Walls of the Italian village were painted for beauty.
5.This letter was written in the order of .
A. character
B. place
C. interest
D. direction
C阅读理解
主题：尼罗河
When the Greek historian Herodotus wrote that the ancient Egyptians' land was “given them by the river，＂ he was referring to the Nile（尼罗河）， whose waters were important to the rise of one of the world's earliest great civilizations. The Nile provided ancient Egypt with fertile（肥沃的）soil and water for irrigation （灌溉），as well as a means of transporting（运输） materials for building projects.
According to the UN＇s Food and Agriculture （农业） Organization， ancient Egyptian farmers were one of the first groups to practice agriculture on a large scale, growing food crops such as wheat and barley（大麦），as well as industrial crops such as flax （亚麻） for making clothing. To get the most out of the Nile's waters, ancient Egyptian farmers developed a basin （盆地） irrigation system. They built networks of earthen banks to form basins， and dug channels （水渠）to direct floodwater water into the basins, where it would sit for a month until the soil was totally wet and ready for planting.
In addition to nurturing agriculture, the Nile provided ancient Egyptians with an important transportation route. As a result, they became skilled boat and ship builders who created large wooden craft capable of traveling longer distances. Artwork from the Old Kingdom describes boats transporting cattle, vegetables, fish, bread and wood. Boats were so important to the Egyptians that they sometimes buried （埋葬） dead kings with boats.
The Nile also played an important role in the creation of the tombs （坟墓）such as the Great Pyramid（金字塔） of Giza. A diary of an official involved in the building of the Great Pyramid describes how workers transported huge blocks of limestone （石灰岩） on wooden boats along the Nile，and then routed the blocks through a canal（运河） system to the site where the pyramid was being built
1.The Nile was important for .
A. ancient Greece
B. ancient India
C. ancient Egypt
D. the United Kingdom
2.According to this passage, we can infer that besides planting, the basins also could be used to .
A. defend against sand wind
B. develop more planting areas
C. provide water for animals
D. defend against flood
3.The underlined word “nurturing” probably means in Chinese.
A.发明
B.建造
C.滋养
D.鼓励
4.According to this passage, ancient Egyptians were good at building____________.
A. boats
B. rivers
C. channels
D. roads
5.The best title for this passage probably is .
A. How the Ancient Egyptians Built the Great Pyramid
B. How the Ancient Egyptians by the Nile Made Boats
C. Why the Nile River Was Important to Ancient Egypt
D. Why the Flood Was Frequent（频繁的） by the Nile
D阅读理解
主题：鸮-智慧的化身还是邪恶的夜之守护者
In ancient Greek mythology （神话），the owl（鸮；猫头鹰）is the sacred（神圣的）animal of the goddess Athena. It represents wisdom and knowledge. In Chinese culture, the owl has long been seen as a sinister （不祥的）animal due to its appearance and sharp voices.
However, our ancestors during the Shang and Zhou dynasties had a different view of owls. Experts have found a number of artifacts（手工艺品）with the shape of owls. For example， a white-stone carving（雕刻物）discovered at a grand tomb in Yînxu, or ruins of Yîn, which is an ancient capital city of the late Shang Dynasty， as well as bronze vessels （青铜容器） discovered in Shanxi, Hubei and Hunan provinces.
The historian Liu Dunyuan suggested that since the owl was a nocturnal（夜间活动的）animal，ancient people might have seen it as the guard of the night. Former president of the Shanghai Museum Ma Chengyuan believes that owls were regarded as the god of war by the Shang people and gifted with the power of avoiding war.
Among so many artifacts related to owls, two zun from the tomb of Fu Hao are the most famous. Zun is a type of wine vessel for rituals （仪式） in ancient China， and the two zun are in the shape of an owl. The head of the owl is designed with a pair of large horns， protruding （突出的） eyeballs and small ears. The back side of its head forms a lid. The neck and the beak （喙） of the owl are designed with taotie, which is a mythical cruel animal in Chinese culture. So far, the tomb of Fu Hao has the largest number of owl-shaped artifacts
1.In ancient Greek mythology, the owl is the symbol of .
A. wisdom and courage
B. wisdom and knowledge
C. bad luck and wars
D. bad luck and illnesses
2.Shang people saw owls as__________.
A. the god of war
B. the god of peace
C. the guard of night
D. the guard of luck
3.From this passage, we can know that zun was used for .
A. cooking rice
B. cleaning vessels
C. filling with wine
D. scaring owls away
4.We can infer from the passage that____________.
A. Fu Hao may have special love for the owls
B. more people change their opinions on owls nowadays
C. owl-shaped vessels in the tomb of Fu Hao are the best
D. there are few ancient artifacts in the shape of owls
5.This passage mainly tells us__________.
A, owls bringing bad luck and wars
B. special culture meaning of owls in ancient China
C. the tomb of Fu Hao and owl-shaped vessels in it
D. the different meaning of owls in western and Chinese culture
E任务型阅读
主题：洛阳白马寺
It is said that two monks （僧人）carried the Buddhist sutras （佛经） and Buddha statues （佛像） on a white horse to Luoyang in Henan Province, one of the capitals of(1) a China. A year later, the country's first official Buddhist temple was built in the city,(2)n “White Horse” to remember the horse's efforts.
Today's temple is a (3) m courtyards（庭院）of China, India, Myanmar, Thailand and Sri Lanka. As the major part, the Chinese style courtyard covers more than 40,000 square meters. The entrance （入口） is guarded by two stone horses from the Song Dynasty. Looking gentle, they lowered their heads as if they're bearing heavy(4)w_____________.
Like(5)o Chinese Buddhist temples, the entrance also has three doors. For Buddhists, going through the doors means to put aside all worries and to have (6) p in mind. Five halls sit in the central running from south to (7) n___________ Each hall has all kinds of Buddha statues, kings in heaven and arhats （罗汉）， mostly made in the Yuan， Ming and Qing dynasties.
There is an ancient well, which dates to 1,000 years ago. Visitors throw coins into the well, believing it can bring good (8)1 and wishes. The monks have to (9) c the well four times a day on festivals and celebrations. The Bell Tower and Drum Tower built in 1991 can also be found in the temple. The bell(10)r ____________in the early morning and the drum beats at dusk （黄昏）.
Walking through the temple in different styles, visitors can see how Buddhism influenced China, and how China carried it forward throughout Asia
阅读短文，在短文空缺处填入适当的单词，使短文通顺，意思完整。
(1)____________ (2) ____________ (3) ____________ (4) ____________ (5) ____________
(6)____________ (7) ____________ (8) ____________ (9) ____________ (10) ____________
F短文填空
主题：一个地震频发的国家
Earthquakes have been a great disaster in Haiti（海地）since at least the 18th century, when the city of Port-Au-Prince was destroyed twice in 19 years. Saturday's (1) earthquake had killed over 1,400 people by Tuesday morning and hurt thousands more. Eleven years ago, an earthquake killed tens of thousands of people.
What makes Haiti a frequent earthquake area？ The Earth＇s crust（地 壳） is made up of tectonic plates （构造板块） that move. And Haiti sits near the(2) of two of them-the North American plate and the Caribbean plate. Many fault lines （断层线） between those plates cut through or near the island of Hispaniola. What's worse, not all of those fault lines behave the same way.
What(3) the most recent earthquake? Saturday's magnitude-7.2 earthquake likely occurred along the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault zone（恩里基洛-芭蕉花园断层带）.It＇s the same fault zone along which the devastating （毁灭性的）2010 earthquake occurred. And it's likely the source of three other big earthquakes in Haiti between 1751 and 1860, two of which destroyed Port-Au-Prince.
Earthquakes are the result of the tectonic plates slowly moving against(4) and creating friction（摩擦） over time， said Gavin Hayes， senior science adviser for earthquake and geologic hazards （隐 患）at USGS.
What will the future in Haiti be like? Geologists say they cannot (5) the next earthquake, but they do know that earthquakes like this can cause similar-sized earthquakes on the next portion of the fault. Construction of more earthquake-resistant（抗震的）buildings remains a challenge in Haiti
阅读短文，从方框中选择合适的单词（或短语）并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺，意思完整。
Tiring caused crossroads each other another one predict strong
传统文化趣味读
神秘而精致的中国脸谱
The origin of facial makeup used in Peking Opera can be dated back to the Southern and Northern Dynasties Period, more than 1,400 years ago, when leading actors used to wear masks. As the operatic arts developed， actors gradually took off their masks and painted colorful patterns（图案）on their faces so people could better see their facial expressions.
Chinese Opera facial makeup is a special makeup method with Chinese cultural features. It combines personalities and symbols together. After years of development, it has become an important part of Chinese culture.
There are four roles in facial makeup, sheng, dan, jing, and chou. Chinese facial makeup is very stylized in the colors and patterns used, but no two painted faces are alike. For example, there are more than 100 face-painting styles designed for Xiang Yu, the hero in “Farewell My Concubine,” and each one is very different.
The painting technique for Chinese facial makeup in dramas is closely related to the character's personality. Therefore, makeup plays an important role in the modeling of opera figures and has a strong appeal because of it. Besides, different colors also have special meanings in Chinese Opera facial makeup.
Red is the color of loyalty， integrity（正直），and courage； Black suggests a serious and quiet character, including strength and roughness; White reveals a crafty and doubting character. Gold and silver faces are the color of mystery and stand for monsters or gods.
Before the 18th century, masks were a necessary part of the Venetian lifestyle. These amazingly luxurious and strange masks covered people's real faces. But in China, as one of the onstage art skills, all kinds of Chinese facial makeup enable the audience to easily know a character's personality and get more involved in the appreciation （欣赏） of the performance

答案解析
【A完形填空】
1．B。考查名词辨析。A项意为“消息”，B项意为“电话”，C项意为“故事”，D项意为“信息”。本文第一句提到人们不能直接打电话给对方，空格前又指出“需要一个中间人”，由此可知在最初的电话时代打电话，需要电话接线员转接电话，B项符合句意，故选B。
2．C。考查形容词辨析。A项意为“昂贵的”，B项意为“自然的”，C项意为“重要的”，D项意为“无聊的”。将四个选项代人句中，只有“重要的”符合句意，故选C。
3．A。考查名词辨析。A项意为“技术”，B项意为“传统”，C项意为“介绍”，D项意为“方法”。将四个选项代人句中，只有“技术”符合句意，故选A。
4．D。考查介词辨析。空格后面是April 1877（1877年4月），是月份和年份，需用介词in，如果出现的日期精确到了某一天，则用介词on。故选D。
5．D。考查固定搭配。根据上文可知贝尔是和两位朋友打电话，空格前面提到one 27 miles away（一位在27英里以外），由此可知这里指另一位，one...the other...为固定搭配，表示“一个···，另一个··..”，故选D。
6．A。考查副词辨析。A项意为“不久”，B项意为“在··．．·之前”，C项意为“在·····之后”，D项意为“自从”。将四个选项代入句中，可知“不久”符合句意，故选A。
7．D。考查定语从句。空格处在从句中作主语，且先行词anyone else指人，故选D。
8．B。考查动词辨析。A项意为“关闭”，B项意为“营业；打开”，C项为“停止”，D项意为“继续”。上文提到科伊与贝尔达成协议，配置了第一台电话交换机，由此可知“营业；打开”符合句意，故选B。
9．C。考查短语辨析。A项意为“对··．·友好”，B项意为“与·.··相似”，C项意为“被称为·...”，D项意为“适合”。将四个选项代人句中，可知“被称为·...”符合句意，故选C。
10．C。考查上下文语义。空格前面提到“今天，科伊经常被称为世界上第一位电话接线员”。空格所在句又说路易斯·弗罗斯特才最有可能是第一位接线员。空格前后句子的句意出现转折，故选C
11．A。考查副词辨析。A项意为“可能地”，B项意为“幸运地”，C项意为“逐渐地”，D项意为“令人惊异地”。将四个选项代人句中，可知“可能地”符合句意，故选A。
12．B。考查动词辨析。A项意为“改变”，B项意为“增加”，C项意为“支持”，D项意为“鼓励”。根据下文可知美国的电话接线员人数上升，由此可知，美国的电话数量是增加的，故选B。
13．A。考查动词辨析。A项意为“连接”，B项意为“拒绝”，C项意为“带走”，D项意为“带来”。将四个选项代入句中，可知“连接”符合句意，故选A。
14．C。考查名词辨析。A项意为“朋友”，B项意为“工人”，C项意为“所有者”，D项意为“伙伴”。空格前面的代词their指代的是两部电话，所以“所有者”符合句意，故选C。
15．D。考查短语辨析。A项意为“及时”，B项意为“一直”，C项意为“准时”，D项意为“在那时”。将四个选项代入句中，可知“在那时”符合句意，故选D。
【B阅读理解】
1．D。词义猜测题。画线单词后面为Shitang Town（石塘镇），然后作者开始简单地介绍石塘镇这个地方，由此可猜测单词的意思为“目的地”，故选D。
2．B。细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，为了抵御海风，石塘镇的房子和屋顶都是用石头建成的，故选B。
3．D。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，从5月1号开始是中国渔业的休渔期，渔船全都停泊在港口，所以作者才能看到各种各样的船只，故选D。
4．C。细节理解题。根据第四段第一、二句可知，像彩虹一样的村庄是小箬村，而不是小沙头村，所以A项表述错误；根据第四段第二句可知小箬村以前是在一座岛上，但现在这座岛已经和大陆连接起来，不再是岛了，所以B项表述错误；根据第四段倒数第二句可知，给屋子墙壁刷颜色的想法来自意大利的一个小村庄，所以C项表述正确；根据第四段最后一句可知，给房子涂颜色是妻子们为了方便丈夫回港时认出自家房子，所以D项表述错误。故选C。
5．B。语篇理解题。作者一开始写从深圳出发，最终到达目的地-石塘镇；然后按照游览地点的顺序分别介绍了港口、小沙头村、小箬村，故选B.
【C阅读理解】
1．C。节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知尼罗河对于古埃及人来说非常重要，故选C。
2．D。推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，古埃及人会将洪水通过水渠引人盆地，然后在盆地中静置一个月，直到土地可用于种植。由此可推断，除了用于种植，盆地还可以防洪。故选D。
3．C。词义猜测题。画线单词上文主要讲古埃及人如何最大程度地利用尼罗河发展农业，画线单词后面是agriculture（农业），将四个选项代入文中可知，“滋养”更符合语义，故选C。
4．A。细节理解题。根据第三段中的they became skilled boat and ship builders（他们能熟练制造各种船只和船舶）可知，古埃及人擅长制造各种船只，故选A。
5．C。主旨大意题。本文第一段便阐明尼罗河对古埃及人来说非常重要，随后从尼罗河在农业灌溉、运输，以及建造墓地这些方面发挥的作用展开，由此可知Why the Nile River Was Important to Ancient Egypt（为什么尼罗 河对古埃及很重要）能概括本文大意，故选C。
【D阅读理解】
1．B。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句 It represents wisdom and knowledge.（它代表着智慧和知识。）可知，鸮在古希腊神话中是智慧与知识的象征，故选B。
2．A。细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的owls were regarded as the god of war by the Shang people（鸮在商朝 被人视为战神）可知，商朝人视鹗为战神，故选A。
3．C。细节理解题。根据第四段第二句 Zun is a type of wine vessel for rituals in ancient China（在中国古代，尊是各种仪式上用于盛酒的一种器皿）可知，尊在中国古代是用来盛酒的，故选C。
4．A。推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知，目前为止，妇好墓是拥有鸮状手工艺品最多的坟墓，由此可推测妇好对鸮有一种特殊的偏爱，所以A项符合文意；B项在文中没有提及，所以排除；根据two zun from the tomb of Fu Hao are the most famous 只能知道妇好墓中的两盏尊是最著名的，并不能推测出妇好墓中的鸮状器物是最好的，所以排除C项；D项与文中Among so many artifacts related to owls（在这么多与鸮有关的文物中）所述内容不符，所以排除。故选A。
5．B。主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了中国古人对鸮的不同看法，如视其为夜间守护者、战神，并对妇好墓中出土的鸮状器物进行描述，所以B项“鸮在中国古代的特殊文化意义”符合文章大意，故选B。
【E任务型阅读】
（1）ancient。空格后面是名词 China，所以空格处应填人一个形容词，根据常识可知，洛阳在古代曾为都城，且所给首字母为a，故填ancient。
（2）named。浏览下文可知White Horse（白马）为这座寺庙的名字，且空格所在短语在句中作状语，故填named。
（3）mixed。空格后面是名词courtyards，所以空格处为形容词；且空格后面介绍了白马寺的佛殿集中式、印度式、缅甸式等多种风格于一体，结合所给首字母m可知mixed符合要求，故填mixed。
（4）work。空格前为形容词heavy，所以空格处应填入一个名词，再结合白马寺的来源和所给的首字母w可知work符合要求，与heavy搭配，表示“沉重的任务”，故填work。
（5）other。空格后面为名词短语，所以空格处为形容词，再结合后面的句子 the entrance also has three doors（入口处也有三扇门）可知，这里是将白马寺的入口和其他寺庙的人口进行比对，故填 other。
（6）peace。空格前面为动词，不定式短语 to have 缺少逻辑宾语，所以空格处为名词，再结合上文提到的put aside all worries（放下所有烦恼）和空格后面的in mind（内心）可知这里表示“获得内心的平静”，故填peace。
（7） north。from south to north 为固定用法，意为“从南至北”，故填 north。
（8）luck。空格前为形容词good，所以空格处为名词，游客将硬币扔进井里是为了祈福，故填luck。
（9）clean。空格后面为名词，have to do sth．意为“必须做某事”，所以空格处为动词原形。上文提到游客会往井里扔硬币，由此可知僧人需要打扫水井，故填clean.
（10）rings。空格所在的句子缺少谓语，所以空格处应填入一个动词，主语为The bell，结合所给的首字母r可知需要填的动词为ring，又因主语为第三人称单数，且结合and后面的 the drum beats（击鼓）可知时态为一般现在时，故填rings。
【F短文填空】
（1）strong。空格后面为名词earthquake，所以空格处应填入形容词，将选项中的形容词tiring和strong代入句中，strong符合句意，strong earthquake意为“强烈的地震”，故填 strong。
（2）crossroads。空格前面为定冠词the，所以空格处为名词，在名词 crossroads 和名词短语 each other、another one中，只有crossroads（交叉路口）符合句意，故填crossroads。
（3）caused。空格后面为名词，空格所在的句子缺少谓语动词，所以空格处为动词，且时态为一般过去时，故填caused。
（4）each other。空格前面为介词against，所以空格处为名词，故答案锁定为名词短语 each other 和 another one。根据常识可知，板块碰撞可以是多块，而不一定只有两块，故another one（另一个）不符合语义和逻辑，故填 each other。
（5）predict。空格前面为情态动词，后面为名词，句子缺少谓语动词，所以空格处应填入动词，且需填动词原形，故填 predict.