2022年高考英语一轮复习考点规范练38含解析新人教版

这是一份2022年高考英语一轮复习考点规范练38含解析新人教版，共6页。
(2017·全国Ⅰ)
A build-it-yurself slar still(蒸馏器) is ne f the best ways t btain drinking water in areas where the liquid is nt readily available.Develped by tw dctrs in the f Agriculture,it’s an excellent water cllectr.Unfrtunately,yu must carry the necessary equipment with yu,since it’s all but impssible t find natural substitutes.The nly cmpnents required,thugh,are a 5'×5' sheet f clear r slightly milky plastic,six feet f plastic tube,and a cntainer—perhaps just a drinking cup—t catch the water.These pieces can be flded int a neat little pack and fastened n yur belt.
T cnstruct a wrking still,use a sharp stick r rck t dig a hle fur feet acrss and three feet deep.Try t make the hle in a damp area t increase the water catcher’s prductivity.Place yur cup in the deepest part f the hle.Then lay the tube in place s that ne end rests all the way in the cup and the rest f the line runs up—and ut—the side f the hle.
Next,cver the hle with the plastic sheet,securing the edges f the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center dwn with a rck.The plastic shuld nw frm a cne(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides.The lw pint f the sheet must be centered directly ver,and n mre than three inches abve,the cup.
The slar still wrks by creating a greenhuse under the plastic.Grund water evaprates (蒸发) and cllects n the sheet until small drps f water frm,run dwn the material,and fall ff int the cup.When the cntainer is full,yu can suck the refreshment ut thrugh the tube,and wn’t have t break dwn the still every time yu need a drink.
1.What d we knw abut the slar still equipment frm the first paragraph?
A.It’s delicate. B.It’s expensive.
C.It’s cmplex.D.It’s prtable.
2.What des the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A.The tube.B.The still.
C.The hle.D.The cup.
3.What is the last step f cnstructing a wrking slar still?
A.Dig a hle f a certain size.
B.Put the cup in place.
C.Weight the sheet’s center dwn.
D.Cver the hle with the plastic sheet.
4.When a slar still wrks,drps f water cme int the cup frm .
A.the plastic tubeB.utside the hle
C.the pen air D.beneath the sheet
B
Brke Martin’s glden retriever(金毛猎犬)Kayla hated being left alne r separated.She wuld hwl,pace,and chew n things.Brke learned that ther peple had the same prblem with their pets.She wndered:“What if yu culd talk t yur dg if yu were gne?”
Wrking with her father in their garage,the 16-year-ld came up with several ideas.Finally,she invented a device that allwed pet wners t vide chat with their pets!She calls the device iCPch.“The dg desn’t have t answer the call,”explains Brke.“It cmes up immediately n the screen n its end.It’s a tw-way audi and vide—yu can see and hear each ther.”With a click f a buttn yu can even send the dg a treat!
Her inventin has earned her a spt cmpeting against nine ther finalists in a yung scientist cmpetitin fr middle-schl students.These finalists,selected based n their shrt vide presentatins,are wrking with mentrs ver the summer befre heading t the final cmpetitin in St.Paul,Minn.
After Martin’s vide put her amng the 10 finalists in the Discvery Educatin 3M Yung Scientist Challenge,she was paired with Delny Langer-Andersn,a prduct develpment scientist in 3M’s cnsumer health care divisin.“I just lead her dwn the prduct develpment path,”Langer-Andersn tld LiveScience.This path includes guidance n hw t test the ptential prduct,which cmbines a vide chat device that answers immediately n the dg’s end with a dg treat device the wner can remtely activate.
“One thing I have thught abut a lt is,what happens if while the device is n the flr,what if yur dg kncks it ver,r scratches the screen?”Martin said.She and Langer-Andersn discussed this,and Martin is nw testing materials at a lcal dg shelter by taping them t the dg huse flr t see hw well they withstand sharp teeth and claws.
The finalists create mdels they can test,with the guidance frm a mentr.Their prjects include a fuel cell that transfrms cut grass int electricity and an app that rewards drivers fr nt texting r calling.Langer-Andersn tries t help the students wrk thrugh the scientific methd,testing their hypthesis,in a determined way.“S the kids dn’t get buried in data,”she said.
5.Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title f the text?
A.“iCPch” wins in a yung scientist cmpetitin
B.A 16-year-ld girl invents a device fr dgs’ hunger
C.A man-made device lets peple chat with their pets
D.A kid-invented device calms dgs’ separatin anxiety
6.“iCPch” calms pet dgs by .
A.allwing vide chat B.making dgs sleep
C.answering the callD.giving them fd
7.What is the prbable meaning f the underlined wrd “mentrs”?
A.Cmpetitrs.B.Assistants.
C.Instructrs.D.Cmpanins.
8.What d the inventins f the finalists have in cmmn?
A.They are all new inventins dealing with pets.
B.They are pssible slutins t everyday prblems.
C.They cpe with the prblems related t cmputers.
D.They are all accmplished thrugh individual wrk.
Ⅱ.七选五阅读
HwtGetnaRealityTVShw
Thinkcarefullybefreyuleap!Being n a reality TV shw is abut being expsed.And that expsure is t everyne,including yur family,friends,neighbrs,and yur frmer schl teachers.Is this smething yu can handle? 1 If yu’re nt wrried abut this,then yu’re ready!On the ther hand,if yu value yur privacy and reputatin intensely,reality TV stardm may nt be fr yu.Give it up befre things get difficult if that’s the case!
2 Fr a brand-new shw,read whatever is already available in the media abut the shw’s intended themes,cntent,time slt,and audience. 3 This is prbably easier if yu’ve watched it withut fail since it began.
Bepractical.When yu assess yur suitability t g any further,sme f the things that yu shuld keep in mind include being realistic.It makes little sense t apply t be in a weight lss shw when yu’re already at an ideal weight. 4 If yu’re applying fr a shw wanting peple with a business backgrund r a cllege educatin and yu dn’t have ne,again,it may nt be wrth yur while.
Knwwhyyuwanttdthis.The shw’s prducers will want a strng,well-funded respnse. 5 Telling them “I want t be famus”rarely distinguishes yu frm every ther persn wanting the same.Be cnfident in what yu believe yu can cntribute t the shw while fcusing n yur hped-fr utcme.
A.Can yu actually sing,dance,act,etc.,as required?
B.Learn all that yu can abut the shw befre applying.
C.D yu mind if peple wh used t knw yu talk abut yu?
D.Nr is it wise t try mdeling when yur height isn’t what they’re lking fr.
E.D yu have t eat things that are simply awful and that yu’d never think f eating in a millin years?
F.Give an answer that shws yur strengths,yur interesting pints,and a desire t be a gd rle mdel.
G.Fr an existing shw,it makes gd sense t be up-t-date abut the entire shw frm its previus seasns.
Ⅲ.短文改错
I nce tk part in a speech cntest.Such difficult was the tpic that I cmpletely had n idea abut it.Even a time fr preparatin was s limited.I felt hpeful and wanted t give up.And deep in my heart I didn’t want t be a failure.S I recvered my curage and take the cntest seriusly.I kept remind myself,“If I try my best,I wn’t feel regretful,whichever the result is.”In the fllwing days I struggled my gal.At the end,all my effrts paid ff.I wn first prize,which was much better than what I had expected it.
考点规范练38(选修8 Unit3)
Ⅰ.【解题导语】美国农业部的两位博士研制出一种蒸馏器。在水资源短缺的区域,这是一种非常不错的获得饮用水的设备。
1.D 推理判断题。从文章第一段的“Thesepiecescanbefldedintaneatlittlepackandfastenednyurbelt.”可知,这种集水器设备携带起来很方便。人们可以把它折叠成一个小包并系在腰带上。
2.B 词义猜测题。从文章第二段的“Tcnstructawrkingstill...”和画线词后的prductivity可推断出画线部分指的是thestill。
3.C 细节理解题。从文章第三段的“Next,cverthehlewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet’scenterdwnwitharck.”可知,用塑料布把洞穴覆盖,并把塑料布的边缘用泥土弄牢。最后把一块石头压在塑料布的中心。因此选C项。
4.D 推理判断题。从文章最后一段的“Grundwaterevapratesandcllectsnthesheetuntilsmalldrpsfwaterfrm,rundwnthematerial,andfallffintthecup.”可知,这种蒸馏器的工作原理是创造一个温室。地面的水向上蒸发并在塑料布上聚集形成小水滴,然后水滴顺着塑料布流下来落到杯子里。
【解题导语】本文介绍了一位16岁的中学生发明了一种远程照顾宠物狗的设备,并因此进入探索教育3M青年科学家挑战赛的前十名。
5.D 主旨大意题。本文主要讲了一位16岁的中学生发明了一种设备,这种设备能让狗和主人视频,让狗在主人离开时不感到焦虑,故选D项。
6.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“!”可知,iCPch通过让狗主人和狗视频聊天,从而让狗安静下来。故选A项。
7.C 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“”可知,这次青年科学家挑战赛的决赛选手已经和指导者一起工作了一个夏天,画线词应表示“指导者”,故选C项。最后一段的withtheguidancefrmamentr也是提示。
8.B 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的第二句“”可知,这些决赛选手的发明可能帮助解决日常生活中的问题,故选B项。
Ⅱ.【解题导语】本文为说明文。文章向我们介绍了如何上电视真人秀节目。比如说,上节目之前要认真考虑,了解你会被提问的问题及你的答案等。
1.C 本段讨论的话题是你一旦上了电视真人秀节目,认识你的人会议论你,因此在上节目前你要认真考虑。故选C项。空后一句中的this指代空处所在句的内容。
2.B 本题是选择段落主题句。由上下文中段落主题句的结构可知,空处需要一个简洁的祈使句。再结合本段内容可知答案为B项。
3.G 由空后一句中的“’vewatcheditwithutfailsinceitbegan.”可知,此处谈论的是一个已经播出过的节目,而不是一个全新的节目。故选G项。
4.D 本段谈论的主题是要现实一点,选择恰当的节目。本段中所举的例子均是围绕这一话题的。故选D项。
5.F 由空后的“Tellingthem‘Iwanttbefamus’...”及空前的“Theshw’”可知,此处谈论的是你在申请参加节目时会被问到的问题和你的回答。
Ⅲ. I nce tk part in a speech cntest.SuchS difficult was the tpic that I cmpletely had n idea abut it.Even athe time fr preparatin was s limited.I felt hpefulhpeless and wanted t give up.AndBut deep in my heart I didn’t want t be a failure.S I recvered my curage and taketk the cntest seriusly.I kept remindreminding myself,“If I try my best,I wn’t feel regretful,whicheverwhatever the result is.”In the fllwing days I struggled ∧fr my gal.AtIn the end,all my effrts paid ff.I wn first prize,which was much better than what I had expected it.