专题09 名词性从句-2023年高考英语一轮复习小题多维练（通用版）

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（基础题）
These gentle, lvely gatekeepers welcmed her and kick-started ________ was t be a trip Ginni wuld never frget.
It is calculated ________ Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.
These include plants that have sensrs printed nt their leaves t shw ________ they’re shrt f water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in grundwater..
This ability t recgnize ________ a shape will need t be turned in a specific directin befre it will fit is called an “allcentric frame f reference.
Sme f the hney, and the wax, always falls t the grund, and this is ________ the hney guide takes its share.
It’s jaw-drpping________ much perfectly gd fd is thrwn away — frm “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grcers t large amunts f uneaten dishes thrwn int restaurant garbage cans.
A cmputer system will analyze the vide t determine ________ a cw is sick. Radi tags (标签) n the animals will measure temperature changes.
The ability t accurately understand ________ thers are feeling may be used by a dctr t find hw best t help her patients, while a cheater might use it t cntrl ptential victims.
The realizatin ________ this is a precius land, t be respected by humans, was ne f the biggest things that hit hme t Ginni.
I culd have made six salads with ________ I threw ut.
It is ur hpe ________ in cming decades, advances in science will ffer new perspectives (视角) frm which t study hw peple manage their lives.
The next step accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut ________ the cckats rely entirely n visual clues (线索), r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins.
I had n idea abut ________ I’d find there and I wasn’t nervus, I just wanted t d it.
Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s fficial histrian, tld me ________ in its rush t mdernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much f its past, including many f its finest buildings.
Write a pem abut________ curage, determinatin, and strength have helped yu face challenges in yur life.
________ peple frget is that the Italians, when they came t Australia, brught 2000 years f their culture, the Greeks sme 3000 years, and the Chinese mre still.
This research verturns the ppular view ________all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag.
I cunt twelve shades f green frm ________ I stand.
Fr the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappinted ________ the cubs weren't there.
Sn, hwever, they realized ________ they had undertaken.
There’s a welcme familiarity — but als smetimes a slight suspicin ________ time has changed yu bth, and thus the relatinship. But bks dn’t change, peple d. And that’s ________ makes the act f rereading s rich and transfrmative.
The deadlines and ________ yu need t apply depend n the prgram.
I gave the wner as much infrmatin as pssible and headed hme t see ________ news the night might bring.
The Intelligent Transprt team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car int a mbile labratry named “Drive LAB” in rder t understand the challenges faced by lder drivers and t discver ________ the key stress pints are.
What I’m hping t accmplish is ________ my generatin and yunger start t recnsider and understand that jazz is nt black and write anymre.
I am Peter Hdes, a vlunteer stem curier. Since March 2012, I’ve dne 89 trips — f thse , 51 have been abrad, I have 42 hurs t carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little bx because I’ve gt tw ice packs and that’s ________ lng they last.
With its fcus divided, the lin becmes cnfused and is unsure abut ________ t d next.
He and I bth knew ________ the deal was, and we didn’t talk abut it.
If I had t make just ne recmmendatin fr ________t stay in Rme, it wuld be Yellw Hstel.
But ________ began as nthing imprtant in public affairs has grwn int a scial mvement.
Yu prbably knw ________ Marie Curie was, but yu may nt have heard f Rachel Carsn.
Of the utstanding ladies listed belw, ________ d yu think was the mst imprtant wman f the past 100 years?
What d yu d fr a living?", yu'll be able t get a lt mre interesting cnversatin ut f ________ it is yu're talking t.
In Save Mney: Gd Fd, she visits a different hme each week and with the help f chef Matt Tebbutt ffers tp tips n ________ t reduce fd waste, while preparing recipes fr under £5 per family a day.
The grund flr f the frest is nt all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is ________ dead leaves turn int fd fr the trees and ther frest life.
Als, ask ________ kind f wrkshps and educatinal prgrams are prepared fr kids and any special events that are cming up.
When Spt and Stripe were fur mnths ld, they were learning ________ t pen drs and jump fences, and we knew it really was time fr them t g.
Members leave bks n park benches and buses, in train statins and cffee shps. ________finds their bk will g t the site and recrd where they fund it.
Annyed by the level f distractin(干扰)in his pen ffice, he said, “That’s _______ I have a membership at the cwrking space acrss the street —s I can fcus. "
Key: 1. what 2. that 3. whether/if 4. that 5. when 6. hw 7. whether/if 8. hw 9. that 10. what 11. that 12. whether 13. what 14. that 15. hw 16. What 17. that 18. where 19. that 20. what 21. that; what 22. what 23. what 24. where 25. that 26. hw 27. what 28. what 29. where 30. what 31. wh 32. what 33. whmever 34. hw 35. where 36. what 37. hw 38. Whever 39. why
（能力题）
(2021新高考一卷)_______is s breathtaking abut the experience is the ut-f-this-wrld scenes.
(2019全国一卷)The plar bear is fund in the Arctic Circle and sme big land masses as far suth as Newfundland. While they are rare nrth f 88°,there is evidence they range all the way acrss the Arctic, and as far suth as James Bay in Canada.
(2018·11月浙江高考)It is pssible ________ caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans, t.
(2017·天津高考改编)She asked me________ I had returned the bks t the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.
(2016·北京高考改编)The mst pleasant thing f the rainy seasn is________ ne can be entirely free frm dust.
(2016·天津高考改编)The manager put frward a suggestin ________ we shuld have an assistant. There is t much wrk t d.
(2016·江苏高考改编)It is ften the case________ anything is pssible fr thse wh hang n t hpe.
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I'm nt sure________ is mre frightened, me r the female grilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears ut f nwhere.
(2018·北京高考改编)This is ________ my father has taught me — t always face difficulties and hpe fr the best.
(2018·北京高考改编)Withut his supprt, we wuldn't be________ we are nw.
(2018·天津高考改编)The gld medal will be awarded t ________ wins the first place in the bicycle race.
(2018·江苏高考改编)By bat is the nly way t get here, which is________we arrived.
(2017·北京高考改编)Every year, ________ makes the mst beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
(2017·北京高考)Jane mved aimlessly dwn the tree­lined street, nt knwing________she was heading.
(2017·江苏高考改编)We chse this htel because the price fr a night here is dwn t $20, half f________it used t charge.
(2016·北京高考改编)Yur supprt is imprtant t ur wrk.________ yu can d helps.
(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)As natural architects, the Puebl Indians figured ut exactly ________ thick the adbe walls needed t be t make the cycle wrk n mst days.
(2014·广东高考)I didn't understand ________ this wuld happen and my credit card had already been charged fr the reservatin.
答案：
解析：what 分析句子结构可知，该句是一个主从复合句， 从句为主语从句，缺少主语，指代事物内容，故答案为what。
解析：that 分析句子结构可知，该句是一个主从复合句，空格处引导词引导同位语从句，且在从句中不做任何成分，只起到连接作用，无意义，故答案为that。
解析：that 分析句子结构可知，该句是一个主从复合句，it作形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。
解析：whether/if 句意：她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认说我还没有还。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，且在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用；又根据句意可知此处表示“是否”，故用whether或if引导宾语从句。
解析：that 句意：雨季最令人高兴的事情就是人们可以完全远离灰尘。分析句子结构可知，本句包含一个表语从句，且表语从句中句子结构完整，故使用that引导表语从句，that在表语从句中不作句子成分，只起连接作用。
解析：that 句意：经理提出了一个建议，我们应该有一个助手。工作太多了。分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，解释说明suggestin的具体内容，故填that。
解析：that 句意：通常情况下，对于那些坚持希望的人来说，一切皆有可能。空处引导主语从句，从句中不缺少任何成分且意思完整，故使用that引导。
解析：wh 分析句子成分，空格处作从句的主语，根据后面的“me r the female grilla”可知，作者把自己和大猩猩作对比，表示“我不知道我和大猩猩谁更害怕”，故填wh。
解析：what 句意：这就是父亲教给我的——永远面对困难并且寄予最大的希望。表语从句中动词taught缺少直接宾语， 且表示“……的东西”，故填what。
解析：where 句意：要是没有他的帮助，我们就不会是现在的情形了。空处引导表语从句，表示的是具有抽象意义的地点，故用where引导。
解析：whever 句意：这块金牌将颁发给在这场自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。从句中缺主语且表示“人”，因此填whever引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语。
解析：hw 句意：坐船是到达这里唯一的方式，我们就是这样来的。hw 引导表语从句，表示方式。
解析：whever 句意：每年，在风筝节上，制作出最漂亮风筝的人将会获奖。根据句子结构和句意可知，主语从句中缺少表示人的主语，故填whever。
解析：where 句意：简在绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着，不知道她要去哪里。本句考查名词性从句中的宾语从句，根据句意和句子结构可知，宾语从句中缺少表示地点的连词， 故填where。
解析：what 句意：我们选择这家宾馆是因为这里住一晚上的价格降到了20美元，这是它以前要价的一半。此处考查宾语从句的引导词，在f后面what既引导宾语从句，又在从句中作charge的宾语。
解析：Whatever 句意：你们的支持对我们的工作很重要，你们做的任何事情都有帮助。根据句意和结构可知，whatever引导的是主语从句，主语从句中缺少谓语动词d的宾语，表示事物， 故用Whatever引导。
解析： hw 分析句子结构可知，空格处是一个宾语从句。空格后的thick为形容词，因此空格处应用副词，故填hw。
解析：why 根据语境可知，“我”不知道/不明白为什么会发生这样的事情。不明白的一定是原因，故用why引导宾语从句。
（真题/新题）
模块综合练09（2022年1月（浙江卷））
一、阅读理解
Fr nearly a decade nw, Merebeth has been a self-emplyed pet transprt specialist. Her pet transprt jb was brn f the financial crisis（危机）in the late 2000s. The dwnturn hit the real estate （房地产）firm where she had wrked fr ten years as an ffice manager. The firm went brke and left her lking fr a new jb. One day, while driving near her hme, she saw a dg wandering n the rad, clearly lst. She tk it hme, and her sister in Denver agreed t take it. This was a lving hme fr sure, but 1, 600 miles away. It didn't take lng fr Merebeth t decide t drive the dg there herself. It was her first rad trip t her new jb.
Merebeth's pet delivery service als satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her t every state in the US except Mntana, Washingtn and Oregn, she says prudly. If she wants t visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transprt needs there. She travels in all weathers. She has driven thrugh 55 mph winds in Wyming, heavy flding and strms in Alabama and ttal whiteut cnditins in Kansas.
This wanderlust is inherited frm her father, she says. She mved their family frm Canada t Califrnia when she was ne year ld, because he wanted them t explre a new place tgether. As sn as she graduated frm high schl she left hme t live n Catalina Island ff the Califrnian cast, away frm her parents, where she enjyed a life f sailing and ff-rad biking.
It turns ut that pet transprting pays quite well at abut $30, 000 per year befre tax. She desn't wrk in summer, as it wuld be unpleasantly ht fr the animals in the car, even with air cnditining. As autumn cmes, she gets restless—the same ld wanderlust returning. It's a call she must heed alne, thugh. Merebeth says, "When I am n the rad, I'm just in my wn wrld. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strngly that I mush help animals. *'
1．Why did Merebeth changed her jb?
A．She wanted t wrk near her hme.
B．She was tired f wrking in the ffice.
C．Her sister asked her t mve t Denver.
D．Her frmer emplyer was ut f business.
2．The wrd "wanderlust" in paragraph 2 means a desire t _________?
A．make mney.B．try varius jbs.
C．be clse t nature.D．travel t different places.
3．What can we learn abut Merebeth in her new jb?
A．She has chances t see rare animals.
B．She wrks hard thrughut the year.
C．She relies n herself the whle time.
D．She earns a basic and tax-free salary.
The United States rse t glbal pwer n the strength f its technlgy, and the lifebld that technlgy has lng been electricity. By prviding lng-distance cmmunicatin and energy, electricity created the mdem wrld. Yet prperly understd, the age f electricity is merely the secnd stage in the age f steam, which began a century earlier.
"It is curius that n ne has put tgether a histry f bth the steam and electric revlutins." writes Maury Klein in his bk The Pwer Makers, Steam, Electricity, and the Men Invented Mdem America. Klein, a nted histrian f technlgy, spins a narrative s lively that at times it reads like a nvel.
The stry begins in the last years f the 18th century in Sctland, where Watt perfected "the machine that changed the wrld". Klein writes, "America did nt invent the steam engine, but nce they grasped its passwrds they put it t mre uses than anyne else. "
Meanwhile, ver the curse f 19th century, electricity went frm mere curisity t a basic necessity. Mrse invented a cde fr sending messages ver an electrmagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a vice. Edisn perfected an incandescent bulls that brught electric light int the American hme.
Mst imprtantly, Edisn realized that success depended n mass electrificatin, which he shwed in New Yrk City. With help frm Tesla, Westinghuse's firm develped a system using alternating current, which sn became the majr frms f pwer delivery.
T frame his stry, Klein creates the character f Ned, a fictinal witness t the prgress brught abut by the steams and electric revlutins in America during ne man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a lng narrative int an interesting ne.
4．What is Klein's understanding f the age f electricity?
A．It is clsely linked t the steam age.
B．It began earlier than prper thught.
C．It is a little-studied perid f histry.
D．It will cme t an end sner r later.
5．What can be inferred abut Ned?
A．He was brn in New Yrk City.B．He wrte many increasing stries,
C．He created an electricity cmpany.D．He lived mainly in the 19th century.
6．What is the text?
A．A bigraphy.B．A bk review.C．A shrt stry.D．A science reprt.
The benefits f regular exercise are well dcumented but there’s a new bnus t add t the ever-grwing list. New researchers fund that middle-aged wmen wh were physically fit culd be nearly 90 percent less likely t develp dementia in later life, and as they did, it came n a decade later than less sprty wmen.
Lead researcher Dr. Helena Hrder, f the University f Gthenburg in Sweden, said : "These findings are exciting because it’s pssible that imprving peple's cardivascular （心血管的）fitness in middle age culd delay r even prevent them frm develping dementia. "
Fr the study, 191 wmen with an average age f 50 tk a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted t measure their peak （最大值的） cardivascular capacity. The average peak wrklad was measured at 103 watts.
A ttal f 40 wmen met the criteria fr a high fitness level, r 120 watts r higher. A ttal f 92 wmen were in the medium fitness categry; and 59 wmen were in the lw fitness categry, defined as a peak wrklad f 80 watts r less, r having their exercise tests stpped because f high bld pressure, chest pain r ther cardivascular prblems.
These wmen were then tested fr dementia six times ver the fllwing fur decades. During that time, 44 f the wmen develped dementia. Five percent f the highly fit wmen develped dementia, cmpared t 25 percent f the wmen with medium fitness and 32 percent f the wmen with lw fitness.
"Hwever, this study des nt shw cause and effect between cardivascular fitness and dementia, it nly shws an assciatin. Mre research is needed t see if imprved fitness culd have a psitive effect n the risk f dementia and als t lk at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is mst imprtant. " She als admitted that a relatively small number f wmen were studied, all f whm were frm Sweden, s the results might nt be applicable t ther grups.
7．What is n the ever-grwing list mentined in the first paragraph?
A．Psitive effects f ding exercises.
B．Exercises suitable fr the middle-aged.
C．Experimental studies n diseases.
D．Advantages f sprty wman ver man
8．Why did the researchers ask the wman t d bicycle exercise?
A．T predict their maximum heart rate.
B．T assess their cardivascular capacity
C．T change their habits f wrking ut
D．T detect their ptential health prblems
9．What d we knw abut Dr Hrder's study?
A．It aimed t find a cure fr dementia.
B．Data cllectin was a lengthy prcess.
C．Sme participants withdrew frm it.
D．The results were far frm satisfactry.
10．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Mre Wmen Are Exercising t Prevent Dementia
B．Middle-Aged Wmen Need t D Mre Exercise
C．Fit Wmen Are Less Likely t Develp Dementia
D．Biking Imprves Wmen's Cardivascular Fitness
二、七选五
I have the same 24 hurs in a day as yu d, but I have made specific chice that allw me t make the mst f every day and still feel happy and relaxed. ____11____
Pick the mst imprtant.
____12____ Fcus n spending time that fr yu is fun and prductive. I chse the life f an adviser because I like t wrk with cmpanies, but dn't want the life f a big cmpany CEO. My chices are based n the lifestyle I want.
Cmbine yur activities.
Many peple g crazy trying t figure ut hw t spend time with friends, family, wrk, play, etc. ____13____ Find ways t enjy them in a cmbined manner. Build yur scial life arund peple yur wrk envirnment. Find peple in yur cmpany wh share cmmn interests and develp yur career (职业) arund the peple and activities yu lve.
____14____
Yu wuld think learning takes mre time frm yu, but actually there are always new ways f ding things that can save yu time n daily tasks, freeing yu up fr the mst imprtant. Always be lking fr a new way t gain back an hur here r there.
Lighten up.
The wrld wn't cme t an end in mst cases just because yu left a few things undne. Celebrate prgress and keep refining (改进) tward a happy prductive existence. ____15____ Every cmpletin is a small victry that adds up in a big way.
A．Speed up.
B．Be an active learner.
C．Stp trying t balance time between them all.
D．Make chices abut what is meaningful in yur life.
E．The things yu d well usually give yu greater jy.
F．Perhaps these tips will help yu make the mst f yur time.
G．This is why making lists is imprtant in any prductivity handbk.
三、完形填空
When Beverley Burdeyney turned seventy fur last year, she started having prblems with her ___16___ , ntably dryness and discmfrt.
"I was simply ___17___ a terrible experience, " Ms. Burdeyney said at her hme in Trnt. "I felt s helpless and insecure because the quality f my ___18___ was affected. "
Ms. Burdeyney talked t sme friends wh had ___19___ prblems and discvered that they were largely suffering in ___20___. " Nbdy chses t talk abut it because it seems s ___21___ she said. " But mre and mre are suffering and lives are being ___22___.
Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned abut plans fr an eye research, ___23___ at Tel Aviv University in Israel. The research team ___24___ Canadian dctr Allan Slmvic, wh has dne_____25_____ wrk n eye care using stem cells. Seeing a ray f hpe, Ms. Burdeyney began raising _____26_____ fr the prject with a friend, Trnt businessman Meyer Zeifman. _____27_____ she has raised $ 110, 000 with anther $40, 000 _____28_____ .
"I'm trying t get mre and mre peple t _____29_____ that there are slutins（解决办法）said Ms. Burdeyney, a trained nurse wh is still wrking as a persnal trainer after _____30_____ . "I say there is n ld _____31_____ , there's nly neglect （忽视）. Dn't stand _____32_____ , d smething abut it. "
Ms. Burdeyney _____33_____ that she is hping t d mre fr the research prject. "I just want t bring _____34_____ int peple eyes and this is just the _____35_____. There is still a lng way t g"
16．A．thratB．skinC．lungsD．eyes
17．A．getting verB．ging thrughC．hlding nD．passing dwn
18．A．stryB．treatmentC．lifeD．relatinship
19．A．similarB．variusC．persnalD．special
20．A．turnB．peaceC．vainD．silence
21．A．unbearableB．abnrmalC．insignificantD．disturbing
22．A．cmprmisedB．frgttenC．substitutedD．separated
23．A．curseB．prgramC．paperD．cnference
24．A．infrmedB．dubtedC．includedD．dismissed
25．A．part-timeB．cntrversialC．vluntaryD．grund-breaking
26．A．mneyB．standardsC．awarenessD．questins
27．A．As everB．S farC．In returnD．Once again
28．A．wastedB．dnatedC．expectedD．earned
29．A．imagineB．cnfirmC．rememberD．understand
30．A．retirementB．childbirthC．graduatinD．marriage
31．A．timeB．ruleC．ageD．tale
32．A．straightB．stillC．firmD．alne
33．A．cmmentedB．learnedC．remindedD．added
34．A．lightB．jyC．clrD．beauty
35．A．futureB．beginningC．truthD．meaning
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Kim Cbb, a prfessr at the Gergia Institute f Technlgy in Atlanta, is ne f a small but grwing minrity f academics ___36___ are cutting back n their air travel because f climate change. Travelling t cnferences, lectures, wrkshps, and the like frequently by plane ____37____（view） as imprtant fr scientists t get tgether and exchange infrmatin. But Cbb and thers ____38____ （be） nw questining that idea pushing cnferences t prvide mre chances t participate remtely, and ____39____（change） their persnal behavir t d their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called N Fly Climate Sci, fr example, _____40_____（rugh） 200 academics - many f them climate scientists ____41____ （prmise） t fly as little as pssible since the effrt started tw years ag.
Cbb, fr her party, started t ask cnference rganizers wh invited her t speak ___42___ she culd d s remtely; abut three-quarters f ___43___ time, they agreed. When the answer, was n, she, declined the ____44____ （invite）. That apprach brught Cbb's air travel last year dwn by 75%, and she plans _______45_______（cntinue） the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really psitive change."
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述Merebeth从事的新工作。近十年来，她一直是一名自营宠物运输专家。
1．D推理判断题。根据第一段中“The dwnturn hit the real estate （房地产）firm where she had wrked fr ten years as an ffice manager. The firm went brke and left her lking fr a new jb.（她曾在一家房地产公司做了10年的办公室经理，经济低迷打击了这家公司。 公司破产了，她只好另寻新工作）”，可知，Merebeth之所以换工作，是因为她以前的雇主破产了。故选D。
2．D词义猜测题。根据第二段中“It has taken her t every state in the US except Mntana, Washingtn and Oregn, she says prudly. If she wants t visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transprt needs there. She travels in all weathers.（她自豪地说，除了蒙大拿州、华盛顿州和俄勒冈州，她走遍了美国所有的州。如果她想去一个新的地方，她只需要找到一个有交通需要的宠物。 她风雨无阻地旅行）”，可知，划线词的意思是“渴望去不同的地方旅行”。故选D。
3．C推理判断题。根据最后一段中“When I am n the rad, I'm just in my wn wrld. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strngly that I mush help animals.（当我在路上的时候，我只是在自己的世界里。 我一直很独立，我强烈地觉得我必须帮助动物）”，可知，Merebeth在她的新工作中一直都是靠自己。故选C。
【解析】本文是说明文。文章按照时间顺序讲述了蒸汽时代和电力时代的联系。
4．A推理判断题。根据第二段“It is curius that n ne has put tgether a histry f bth the steam and electric revlutins.”（我很好奇，竟然没有人把蒸汽和电力革命的历史放在一起。）可知，在Klein看来，电力时代和蒸汽时代是有很紧密的联系的。故选A。
5．D 推理判断题。根据最后一段“T frame his stry, Klein creates the character f Ned, a fictinal witness t the prgress brught abut by the steams and electric revlutins in America during ne man's lifetime.”（为了编织他的故事，Klein创造了一个人物Ned，它是对美国蒸汽和电力革命在一个人的整个人生中的进程的神奇的见证。）和第四段“Meanwhile, ver the curse f 19th century, electricity went frm mere curisity t a basic necessity.”（同时，在19世纪，电力从好奇变成了根需。）可知，Ned见证了蒸汽时代和电力革命，所以他应该是生活在19世纪。故选D。
6．B推理判断题。根据最后一段“T frame his stry, Klein creates the character f Ned, a fictinal witness t the prgress brught abut by the steams and electric revlutins in America during ne man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a lng narrative int an interesting ne.”（为了构建他的故事，克莱因创造了奈德这个角色，一个虚构的人物，在一个人的一生中见证了蒸汽和电力革命给美国带来的进步。这是一种有助于将长篇故事变得有趣的技巧。）可知，这篇文章是一篇书评。故选B。
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了经常锻炼的中年女性在老年时罹患失智症的几率会大大降低。
7．A细节理解题。根据文章第一段“New researchers fund that middle-aged wmen wh were physically fit culd be nearly 90 percent less likely t develp dementia （失智症） in later life, and as they did, it came n a decade later than less sprty wmen.”（新的研究人员发现，身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性要低近90%，而且确实如此，与不太喜欢运动的女性相比，她们患痴呆症的时间要晚十年。）可知，第一段提到了健身锻炼的好处。故选A项。
8．B细节理解题。根据上文“These findings are exciting because it’s pssible that imprving peple's cardivascular fitness in middle age culd delay r even prevent them frm develping dementia.”（这些发现令人兴奋，因为在中年时改善人们的心血管健康可能会延缓甚至防止他们患上痴呆症。）以及本段“Fr the study, 191 wmen with an average age f 50 tk a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted t measure their peak cardivascular capacity.”（在这项研究中，191名平均年龄为50岁的女性进行了自行车运动测试，直到她们精疲力竭，以测量她们的心血管峰值能力。）可知，做这项实验的目的是为了测试女性的心血管峰值能力。故选B项。
9．B细节理解题。根据文章第五段“These wmen were then tested fr dementia six times ver the fllwing fur decades.”（这些女性在随后的四十年里测试了六次失智症状况。）可知，此次实验的数据收集是一个长期的过程。故选B项。
10．C推理判断题。根据文章第一段“New researchers fund that middle-aged wmen wh were physically fit culd be nearly 90 percent less likely t develp dementia （失智症） in later life, and as they did, it came n a decade later than less sprty wmen.”（新的研究人员发现，身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性要低近90%，而且确实如此，与不太喜欢运动的女性相比，她们患痴呆症的时间要晚十年。）以及文章后面几段通过列举实验目的、过程、方式、结果等，说明了身体健康的中年女性在老年时患失智症的几率会大大降低。故选C项。
【解析】本文是说明文。作者给出了既可以充分利用时间又可以快乐放松的有效建议。
11．F上文“I have the same 24 hurs in a day as yu d, but 1 have made specific chice that allw me t make the mst f every day and still feel happy and relaxed.( 我和你一样，每天都有24小时，但我做了具体的选择，让我充分利用每一天，仍然感到快乐和放松)”说明作者做出选择，充分利用每一天，但仍旧感到快乐和轻松，根据下文段落小标题可知，下文就如何充分利用每一天给出了建议，因此空格处应是承上启下，F项中的“help yu make the mst f yur time”与上文“t make the mst f every day”一致，“tips”引出下文的建议，因此F项“也许这些建议会帮助你充分利用你的时间”符合语境，承上启下。故选F。
12．D根据段落标题“Pick the mst imprtant.”可知，本段建议挑选最重要的，下文“Fcus n spending time that fr yu is fun and prductive.( 把时间花在那些对你来说有趣和富有成效的事情上)”说明要挑选一些有趣的和富有成效的事情去做，D项中的“what is meaningful in yur life”与标题中的“the mst imprtant”一致，下文是对“Make chices”具体解释。因此推断D项“选择你生活中有意义的东西”符合语境。故选D。
13．C上文“Many peple g crazy trying t figure ut hw t spend time with friends, family, wrk, play, etc.( 许多人疯狂地试图弄清楚如何在朋友，家庭，工作，娱乐等方面度过时间)”说明许多人想要弄清楚在生活中如何分配好时间，下文“Find ways t enjy them in a cmbined manner.( 找到一种结合的方式来享受它们)”说明可以把事情组合在一起享受，因此推断空格处与上文是转折关系，说明不要试图均衡时间，C项“不要试图在它们之间平衡时间”符合语境。故选C。
14．B空格处为段落小标题。根据下文“Yu wuld think learning takes mre time frm yu, but actually there are always new ways f ding things that can save yu time n daily tasks, freeing yu up fr the mst imprtant. Always be lking fr a new way t gain back an hur here r there. Always be lking fr a new way t gain back an hur here r there. (你可能会认为学习需要花费了你更多的时间，但实际上总有一些新的方法可以为你节省出做日常事务的时间，为你腾出时间去做最重要的事情。寻找在这里或者那里赢回一个小时的新方法)”可推断，本段讲述学习虽然花费很多时间，但总是能有一些方法为你节省时间做其他事情，因此要做有效的学习者。因此推断B项“做有效的学习者”为段落标题，故选B。
15．G下文“Every cmpletin is a small victry that adds up in a big way.( 每一次的完成都是一个小的胜利，累积起来就是一个大的胜利)”说明事情要一件一件去做，G项中的“making lists”与之呼应，因此推断G项“这就是为什么列清单在任何生产手册中都很重要的原因”符合语境，this指代上文“The wrld wn't cme t an end in mst cases just because yu left a few things undne. Celebrate prgress and keep refining (改进) tward a happy prductive existence.( 在大多数情况下，世界不会因为你没做完几件事而走向末日。庆祝进步，不断改进走向一个快乐而富有成效的存在)”解释了列出清单一件一件完成任务的原因。故选G。
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。讲述了一个遭受眼睛问题之苦的Burdeyney女士积极为研究项目提供帮助以寻求解决方法的故事。
16．D考查名词词义辨析。句意：她开始有眼睛问题，明显的干涩和不适。A. thrat喉咙；B. skin皮肤；C. lungs肺；D. eyes眼睛。根据第八空前面的句子“Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned abut plans fr an eye research”（最终Burdeyney女士了解了一项眼睛研究计划）可知，她有眼睛问题，故选D项。
17．B考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我只是在经历一段糟糕的体验。A. get ver克服；B. g thrugh经历；C. hld n坚持；D. pass dwn传递下去。根据语境可知，她遭受眼睛问题，这是一段糟糕的经历，故选B项。
18．C考查名词词义辨析。句意：我感到如此无助和不安，因为我的生活质量受到了影响。A. stry故事；B. treatment治疗，对待；C. life生命，生活；D. relatinship关系。主人公遭受眼部之苦，生活质量自然会被影响，故选C项。
19．A考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Burdeyney女士同跟她有相似问题的朋友交谈并发现他们中的大多数都在默默地受苦。A. similar相似的；B. varius多种多样的；C. persnal私人的；D. special特别的。跟与自己有相同问题的人交谈并发现问题，符合语境逻辑，故选A项。
20．D 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：Burdeyney女士同跟她有相似问题的朋友交谈并发现他们中的大多数都在默默地受苦。A. in turn轮流；B. in peace和平地；C. in vain徒劳地；D. in silence默默地。根据后句“Nbdy chses t talk abut it”（没有人想谈论它）可知，他们很多人保持了沉默，故选D项。
21．C考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说没有人选择谈论它因为这看起来没有意义。A. unbearable无法忍受的；B. abnrmal不正常的；C. insignificant无意义的；D. disturbing扰人的。他们闭口不提的原因很可能是因为无意义，其他三个选项不符合一般逻辑，故选C项。
22．A考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是越来越多的人在受苦，生命陷入危险。A. cmprmise使陷入危险、妥协；B. frget遗忘；C. substitute替代、代替；D. separate分隔。越来越多的人在遭受眼睛问题带来的痛苦，这属于健康问题，威胁生命，故选A项。
23．B考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终Burdeyney女士了解了一项眼睛研究计划，这是在以色列特拉维夫大学的一个项目。A. curse课程；B. prgram项目；C. paper纸、论文；D. cnference会议。一项研究通常也被称为一个项目，故选B项。
24．C考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个研究团队包括了一位加拿大博士Allan Slmvic，其已经用干细胞就眼睛护理问题做了开创性的工作。A. infrm通知；B. dubt怀疑；C. include包括；D. dismiss解散。根据语境可知，这位专家在这个团队中，故选C项。
25．D考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个研究团队包括了一位加拿大博士Allan Slmvic，其已经用干细胞就眼睛护理问题做了开创性的工作。A. part-time兼职的；B. cntrversial有争议的；C. vluntary自愿的；D. grund-breaking开创性的。根据后句“Seeing a ray d hpe”（看到了一丝希望）可知，他是带来希望的人，是最先做的，他的工作具有开创性，故选D项。
26．A考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到了一丝希望，Burdeyney女士开始和朋友多伦多商人Meryer一起为这个项目筹集资金。A. mney钱；B. standards标准；C. awareness意识；D. questins问题。根据后文他们筹集了111000美金可知此处指“筹集资金”，故选A项。
27．B考查短语词义辨析。句意：截至目前，他们已经筹集了111000美金，有望再增加4000美金。A. as ever依旧、和往常一样；B. s far目前；C. in return作为回报；D. nce again再一次。根据本句的现在完成时态，应选择s far，他们已经筹集了111000美金，故选B项。
28．C考查动词词义辨析。句意：截至目前，他们已经筹集了111000美金，有望再增加4000美金。A. waste浪费；B. dnate捐赠；C. expect期待、预期；D. earn赢得。根据语境目前已经筹集了一笔钱，预期未来还有部分金额，故选C项。
29．D考查动词词义辨析。句意：Burdeyney说，“我正在努力让越来越多的人明白有解决办法”。A. imagine想象；B. cnfirm确认；C. remember记得；D. understand理解。结合前文很多人默默地受苦是因为看不到希望，所以要让他们理解办法是有的，故选D项。
30．A考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位受过专业培训的护士在退休之后仍然作为私人培训师在工作。A. retirement退休；B. childbirth出生；C. graduatin毕业；D. marriage婚姻。根据still wrk可知，她本可以不工作了可知，她已经退休了，故选A项。
31．C考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为没有老的年纪，只有忽视。A. time时间；B. rule规则；C. age年龄；D. tale传说。本文主要谈论的是上了年龄的人的眼睛问题，故选C项。
32．B考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不要呆着保持不动，做点什么事情。A. straight直的；B. still静止的；C. firm坚定的；D. alne单独。此处的stand意为“处于某种状态”后跟形容词作表语，呼吁人们采取行动，不要什么都不做，故选B项。
33．D考查动词词义辨析。句意：Burdeyney补充说她希望为这个项目做得更多。A. cmment评论；B. learn学习；C. remind提醒；D. add补充说。前句为她说的话，后面又继续说，即为补充说，故选D项。
34．A考查名词词义辨析。句意：我只是想给人们的眼睛带来光明，这只是一个开始。A. light光明；B. jy乐趣；C. clr颜色；D. beauty美。根据常识，眼睛是人们识别光的器官，此处一语双关，只看到的光，也指希望，故选A项。
35．B考查名词词义辨析。句意：我只是想给人们的眼睛带来光明，这只是一个开始。A. future未来；B. beginning开始；C. truth事实；D. meaning意义。根据后句“There is still a lng way t g”（根据后句话有很长的路要走。）可知，只是开始，故选B项。
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个由学者团体发行的实践，目的是为了减少学术飞行以应对气候变化危机。
36．Wh/that 考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cbb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/wh。
37．is viewed/ has been viewed 考查被动语态。句意：对科学家而言，旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系，故填is viewed或has been viewed。
38．are考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但是现在Cbb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。根据句意可知，此处也应使用现在进行时，主语为复数，故填are。
39．changing考查时态。句意：但是现在Cbb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。分析句子结构可知，此处and连接并列的动词questining和change，故填changing。
40．rughly考查副词。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。此处修饰数字用副词rughly“粗略地大约”，故填rughly。
41．have prmised考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have prmised。
42．whether/if考查宾语从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cbb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，whether/if“是否”符合语境，故填whether或if。
43．the考查冠词。句意：大约有四分之三的时间，他们同意了。此处特指Cbb询问的时间范围内，故填the。
44．invitatin考查名词。句意：当答案是否定的时候，她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词decline的宾语，故填invitatin。
45．t cntinue考查动词不定式。句意：他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plan t d sth“计划做”，故填t cntinue。