高中英语外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 6 Space and beyond达标测试

Unit 6 Space and beyond

课时分层作业(十八)

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

It is quite apparent that competition surrounds every aspect of human life whether in the United States or the Amazon rain forest.Without it we would not have grown into primates(灵长目动物)．Or we would probably still be struggling to sharpen a bronze tool while crawling around on four legs in search of meat.Without competition，Columbus wouldn't have discovered America and Edison would never have invented the light bulb.

The friendship，like all relationships between two people，involves competition.It isn't competition in a traditional sense because there are no goals to be scored and no prizes.Perhaps the ecological definition — the simultaneous(同时的)demand by two or more organisms for limited environmental resources，such as nutrients，living space，or light — better explains it.

As in nature，high school life is governed by a set of laws，similar to a shortened version of Darwin's theory of evolution，overpopulation，and competition.There is an abundance of high school students and to distinguish them，ranking and categorizing(分类)take place.In high school，friendship co­exists with competition even though at times the relationship is rough.In fact，in some circumstances，competition is too much of a burden for friendship to bear，causing it to fall apart.College admission is the final high school objective.Three­years of hard work is to achieve good grades，and a student's fate is determined not only by these achievements，but by the records of thousands of other seniors trying to achieve similar recognition.

Nevertheless，by necessity，competition between students exists in all aspects of high school life.It sets and improves the standards in everything from sports to schoolwork.Healthy，friendly competition can have only benefits，but when it becomes too fierce，jealousy(妒忌)can tear friendship apart.Yet，despite all this，without competition，we would be lost.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了友谊和竞争之间的关系，健康的竞争促进友谊，而恶性的竞争则破坏友谊。

1．What does the ecological definition mainly explain?

A．How friends compete with each other.

B．How to win the competition.

C．What the result of competition is.

D．What competition exactly is.

D　[细节理解题。分析第二段最后一句可知，该句的主干是Perhaps the ecological definition better explains it，其中“it”指代的是前一句中的“competition”。两个破折号之间的内容解释“the ecological definition”。句意：两个或者更多的生物体同时对有限的生态环境资源有需求，如营养物质、生存空间、光——这一生态学定义更好地解释了竞争(的含义)。故选D项。]

2．According to the author，what causes the high school students to compete?

A．The number of them is too large.

B．Friendship is a burden for them.

C．They know the laws of nature well.

D．They are divided into different groups.

A　[细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，高中生活与自然界一样有一系列的规则，这与达尔文关于进化、人口过多和竞争的理论相似。也正是因为学生人数众多，为了区分，所以对学生进行了排名、分类。再加上考大学这一高中生活的最终目标的压力，高中生之间的竞争就不可避免地产生了。故选A项。]

3．Which best describes the relationship of friendship and competition?

A．Friendship is always based on competition.

B．The degree of competition is vital to friendship.

C．Competition is terribly harmful to friendship.

D．Competition is a result of lost friendship.

B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Healthy，friendly competition can have only benefits，but when it becomes too fierce，jealousy(妒忌)can tear friendship apart.”可知，健康的、友好的竞争对友谊有好处，而过于激烈的、存在妒忌的竞争会使友谊破裂。因此竞争的度对友谊是至关重要的。故选B项。]

4．What does the author think of “competition”？

A．The results of competition are out of control.

B．Competition becomes fiercer in high school.

C．Competition is certain to happen in high school.

D．Friendship is not as important as competition in high schools.

C　[细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Nevertheless，by necessity，competition between students exists in all aspects of high school life.”可知，作者认为高中生活的各个方面存在竞争是必然的。故选C项。]

B

Some people are so rude!

Who sends an e­mail or a text message that just says “Thank you”？ Who leaves a voice mail message rather than texts you? Who asks for a fact easily found on Google? Don't these people realize that they're wasting your time?

Maybe I'm the rude one for not appreciating life's little politeness.But many social agreed standards just don't make sense to people drowning in digital communication.

In texts，you don't have to declare who you are or even say hello.E­mail，too，is slower than a text.Voice mail is a now impolite way of trying to connect.

My father learned this lesson after leaving me a dozen voice mail messages，none of which I listened to.Exasperated，he called my sister to express his dissatisfaction that I never returned his phone calls.“Why are you leaving him voice mail？” my sister asked.“Just text him.”

In the age of the smartphone，there is no reason to ask once­acceptable questions about：the weather forecast，a business's phone number，or directions to a house，a restaurant，which can be easily found on Google Maps.But people still ask these things.And when you answer，they respond with a thank­you e­mail.

How to handle these differing standards? Easy.Consider your audience.Some people，especially older ones，appreciate a thank­you message.Others，like me，want no reply.

The anthropologist(人类学家) Margaret Mead once said that in traditional societies，the young learn from the old.But in modern societies，the old can also learn from the young.Here's hoping that politeness never goes out of fashion but that time­wasting forms of communication do.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了如今在智能手机时代，人们应该选择哪种方式进行沟通。

5．What does the underlined word “Exasperated” mean in the fifth paragraph?

A．Worried.　　　　 B．Surprised.

C．Annoyed.　 D．Tired.

C　[词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“he called my sister to express his dissatisfaction that I never returned his phone calls”可知，作者的父亲对作者不给自己回电话很不满，由此可推知exasperated意思是“恼怒的，生气的”，故选C。]

6．Why didn't the writer reply to his father?

A．He liked text messages better.

B．He enjoyed checking his voice mail.

C．He didn't receive any voice mail messages.

D．He didn't want to talk with his father.

A　[推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“‘Why are you leaving him voice mail？’ my sister asked.‘Just text him.’”可推知，作者不喜欢用语音信箱，更偏爱发短信，故选A。]

7．Which of the following does the writer agree to?

A．People needn't learn from one another in traditional societies.

B．Dealing with voice mail should vary with each individual.

C．People needn't turn to Google for help when in trouble.

D．Declaring who you are or saying hello in texts is necessary.

B　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的内容可推知，标准是变化的，处理方式应该因人而异，而不是一刀切，语音信箱的使用亦是如此，故选B。]

8．What's the best title for this passage?

A．Nowadays：what should we do with text messages?

B．Nowadays：do you like leaving others a voice message?

C．Nowadays：what means should we use in communication?

D．Nowadays：do you need a thank­you message?

C　[标题归纳题。根据对文章内容的整体理解可知，第三段引入本文话题，最后两段点题总结，本文主要讨论的是如今(在智能手机时代)我们应该用何种方式进行沟通，故选C项。]

Ⅱ.读后续写

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

The Meredith family lived in a small community.As the economy was in decline，some people in the town had lost their jobs.Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet.People were trying to help each other meet the challenges.

Mrs.Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman.She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor.She knew they had problems，and they needed all kinds of help.When she had time，she would bring food and medicine to them.

One morning she told her children about a family she had visited the day before.There was a man sick in bed，his wife，who took care of him and could not go out to work，and their little boy.The little boy—his name was Bernard—had interested her very much.

“I wish you could see him，” she said to her own children，John，Harry，and Clara.“He is such a help to his mother.He wants very much to earn some money，but I don't see what he can do.”

After their mother left the room，the children sat thinking about Bernard.“I wish we could help him to earn money ，” said Clara.“His family is suffering so much.”

“So do I，” said Harry.“We really should do something to assist them.”

For some moments，John said nothing，but，suddenly，he sprang to his feet and cried，“I have a great idea！I have a solution that we can all help accomplish(完成)．”

The other children also jumped up all attention.When John had an idea，it was sure to be a good one.“I tell you what we can do，” said John.“You know that big box of corn Uncle John sent us？Well，we can make popcorn (爆米花)，and put it into paper bags，and Bernard can take it around to the houses and sell it.”

注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；

2．请按如下格式作答。

Paragraph 1：

When Mrs.Meredith heard of John's idea，she thought it was a good one，too. 

Paragraph 2：

With everything ready，Bernard started out on his new business.           

【参考范文】

Paragraph 1：

When Mrs.Meredith heard of John's idea，she thought it was a good one，too.Very soon，the children learnt how to pop the corn and then were busy in doing this “big” thing.At the same time，their mother went out to buy the paper bags that they needed.When she came back，she brought with her Bernard.Bernard felt grateful to all of them for what they had done for him.

Paragraph 2：

With everything ready，Bernard started out on his new business.Much sooner than could be expected，he returned with an empty basket and so much money that he had never seen before.He was so delighted that he could hardly speak，but his bright smiling face spoke for him.For many weeks，every Saturday，the three children would prepare popcorn for Bernard to sell.This little boy therefore could help support his family.All of this was because of John's bright idea.