初中英语语法第8集 名师讲解+中考真题欣赏+配套练习题 定语从句

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第十六章 定语从句
在复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句.
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词.
引导定语从句的关系代词有wh, whse, whm, which, that, as ;
引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where, why;
关系代词在定语从句中做主语,宾语,定语.
关系副词在定语从句中做状语.
一.由 wh, 引导的定语从句,wh在从句中做主语(口语中也可做宾语),
修饰表示人的先行词. 例如:
This is the man wh helped me.
D yu knw the cmrade wh spke just nw ?
The by wh//whm we saw yesterday is Jhn’s brther.
二.whm引导的定语从句,whm在从句中作宾语,修饰表示人的先行词,
口语中可以省略.
The dctr (whm) yu are lking fr is in the rm.
The persn (whm) yu just talked t is Mr. Li.
=The persn t whm yu just talked is Mr. Li. (介词后 whm不能省略)
The babies whm the nurses are lking fr are very healthy.
(固定短语中的介词一般不省略,介词仍放在动词之后)
三.whse引导的定语从句,whse在从句中作定语,修饰表示人或物的先行词.
D yu knw the wman whse name is Mary.
Pass me the dictinary whse cver is black.
四.that引导的定语从句,that在从句中做主语或宾语,修饰表示人或物的先行词,
作宾语时可省略,不能放在介词后面作宾语.
The letter (that//which) I received was frm my father.
I can’t find the letter that//which came this mrning.
D yu still remember the days (that//which)we spent tgether ?
This is the man that//wh helped me.
The huse (that//which) we live in is nt large.
=The huse in which we live is nt large.
The dctr (that//whm //wh)yu are lking fr is in the rm.
五. which引导的定语从句,which在从句中做主语,也可做宾语,或介词的宾语,
修饰表示物的先行词. 先行词可以是词、短语、句子。
This is the bk (which/that ) yu want.
The building which//that stands near the river is ur schl.
The rm in which there is a machine is a wrkshp.(介词后面的which不能省略)
The huse (which/that) we live in is nt large.
This is the watch (which/that ) he was lking fr.
(在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在动词之后,不能放在which之前 )
六、that 和which 都可以修饰表示物的先行词, 但是下列情况只能用that.
①.先行词为不定冠词all, few, little, much, everything, nthing 等.
All (that) yu have t d is t practise every day.
There isn’t much (that) I can d.
②.先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时.
The first lessn (that) I learned will never be frgtten.
This is the best film (that ) I have ever seen.
③.先行词被all, any, every, few, little, n, sme 等不定代词修饰时.
I have read all the bks (that) yu gave me.
④.先行词被the nly, the very, the last, the same 等修饰时.
The white flwer is the nly ne that I really like.
This is the very bk that I want t read.
This is the same bk that I want t read. (同一本书)
----This is the same bk as I want t read.
⑤.当主句以wh或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时,定语从句that 引导.
Wh is the man that is standing there ?
Which f us that knws smething abut physics desn’t knw this ?
⑥先行词既有人又有物时。
We talked abut the persns and things that we culd remember.
⑦time做先行词，前面如果有序数词或 last 来修饰时，定语从句用 that 来引导或省略；如果没有序数词或 last 来修饰时，既可用 when 也可用that来引导。
This is the last time ( that ) I shall give yu a lessn.
The first time ( that ) I saw him was in 1972.
It’s time ( that ) we gt up.
七、as 引导的定语从句，
as用作关系代词和关系副词引导限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语、定语、表语、或状语，常与the same … as; such… as , s… as , as… as 连用。
I like the same bk as yu d.
I want t have such a dictinary as he has.
I shall d it in the same way as yu did.
He is the same age as yu ( are ).
He will give yu such infrmatin as will help yu.
Such students as yu have mentined shuld be criticized.
=Students such as yu have mentined shuld be criticized.
在the same…后也可用that引导定语从句，但意义有所不同：
that 引出的定语从句，指的是与先行词同一事物；而 as引出的定语从句是与先行词相似的同类事物。
I want t use the same tl that I used yesterday.
I want t use the same tl as I used yesterday.
八、由when 引导的定语从句，修饰表示时间的先行词，when为关系副词，
做定语从句的时间状语。
I still remember the day when I first came t Beijing.
I still remember the day n which I first came t Beijing.
( 介词＋which可以代替 when)
I’ll never frget the time when we wrked n the farm.
[I remember the days which//that we spent tgether.]
九、由where 引导的定语从句，修饰表示地点的先行词，where为关系副词，
做定语从句的地点状语。
This is the place where we lived fr five years.
The factry where his father wrks is in the west f the city.
The factry in which his father wrks is in the west f the city.
( 介词＋which可以代替where)
[ This is a place which//that I wanted t visit. ]
十、Why引导的定语从句，why做原因状语。
I knw the reasn why he came late.
The reasn why he was late was that he was ill.
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非限定性定语从句
1.wh 指人，做主语。
Yesterday I met Li Ping, wh seemed t be very busy.
2.whm 指人, 作宾语.
He had many friends, many f whm had been in the universities.
3.whse 指人, 作定语.
The Chairman’s daughter, whse name is Ann, gave Tm a smile.
4.which 指物, 做主语,宾语.
His speech, which bred everyne, went n and n.
The speech, which he had written n the paper, seemed endless.
5.where 指地点, 作状语.
Galile lived in the city f Pisa, where there is a leaning twer abut 180 feet high.
6.when 指时间,作状语.
The meeting will be put ff till next mnth, when we will have made all the preparatins.
7.as 做主语,表语,宾语; 先行词可以是一个词,一个短语或一个句子.
T shut yur eyes t facts, as many f yu d, is flish.
As we all knw, he studies very hard.
As 引导的定语从句可放在主句前,也可放在主句后.在很多情况下已经
构成固定搭配.
As everybdy can see as was usual
As can be seen as I expected
As is knwn t all， as may be imagined
as yu knw as is expected
as has been said befre as is reprted
as is ften said as is annunced
限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别：
限定性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。
非限定性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去掉，主句的意思依然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that 引导。
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as和 which 引导的非限定性定语从句的比较：
1.非限定性定语从句位于句未，而且as 和which 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语时
可互换。
He is a farmer, as/which is clear frm his manner.
This elephant is like a snake, as/which anybdy can see.
2.which 引导的非限定性定语从句一般放在句未，而as 引导的非限定性定语从句
可放在句未，也可放在句中、句首。 放在句首时不能用which 替换。
Cruse lst his dg, which made him very sad
Taiwan is part f China, as/which is knwn t all.
As we have seen, ceans cver mre than 70 percent f the earth.
3.as引导非限定性定语从句时，意为“这一点、这件事”，常与 see， hpe，expect，knw，guess等动词搭配；而which引导非限定性定语从句时与主句有一种因果关系，可译为“所以……”。
Cyprus, as yu all knw, is in the Mediterranean.
Bamb is hllw, which makes it very light.
4. as引导非限定性定语从句并在从句中作主语时，其后面的谓语动词大多数必须是连系动词。如果从句谓语动词是行为动词，则必须用which。
He married her, as was natural.
She refused t take the medicine, which made her mther angry.
It rained hard yesterday, which prevented her frm ging t Shenyang.
He is absent, as is ften the case.
Chse the best answers:
1.Carl said the wrk wuld be dne by Octber, _____persnally I dubt very much.
A. it B. that C. when D. which
2._______ is mentined abve, the number f the students in senir high schl is increasing.
A. Which B. As C. That D. It
3.The fence in ur garden, ______ my father built many years ag, has lasted fr a lng time.
A. that B. which C. what D. where
4.There’s still much ______ can be imprved abut it.
A. which B. that C. if D. what
5.When lst in wrk, ____ he ften was, he wuld frget all abut eating and sleeping. A. what B s C. just like D. as
6.Mr Jhnsn’s sn, ______ lives in Chicag, is a dctr.
A. wh B. whm C. that D. which
7.We had t delay the party till next week, ______ we shuld have smething imprtant t d.
A. when B. which C. at which D. in that
8.We traveled tgether as far as Chicag, ______ we said gdbye t each ther.
A. which B. when C. why D. where
9.I’ll never frget the years ______ I lived in the cuntry with the farmers ______ has a great effect n my life.
A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; wh
10.He arrived in New Yrk in 1896, _______, sme time later, he became a writer.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
11.She may have missed her train, in ______ case she wn’t arrive fr anther hur.
A. what B. that C. which D. this
12.He has made a wnderful discvery, _______ f great imprtance t science.
A. which I think is B. which d I think is
C. I think which is D. which I think it is
13.I’ll remember the time _____ we spent tgether in the cuntry.
A. that B. when C. during which D. at which
14. I dn’t believe the reasn ______ he has given fr his being late.
A. why B. that C. hw D. what
15.There were tw small rms in the huse, ______ served as a kitchen.
A. the smaller f which B. the small f which
C. the smaller f them D. the smaller ne
16.He lived in Lndn fr 3 years, during _____ time he learned sme English.
A. this B. which C. that D. same
17.Will yu please shw me the way t the nly tall building _______ stands near the pst ffice.
A. x B. in which C. that D. where
18.Alice has a large cllectin f phts, ______ was taken in Lndn.
A. nne f them B. n ne f which C. all f which D. nne f which
19.His sister had becme a teacher, ______ was what he wanted t be.
A. wh B. what C. that D. which
20.Next winter _____ yu’ll spend in Harbin, I’m sure, will be anther exciting hliday.
A. which B. when C. in which D. where
21.With the fast develpment f agriculture, the peple _____ village I taught befre have lived a happy life.
A. wh B. whse C. in whse D. in which
22.The bss, _____ restaurant I am serving, is a kindhearted man.
A. in which B. in whse C. where D. which
23.I fell mst angry abut the way ______ I’ve been treated.
A. when B. that C. where D. hw
24.He was rude t the Custms fficer, _____ f curse made things even wrse.
A. wh B. whm C. what D. which
25.There is a muntain _____ the tp is always cvered with snw.
A. whse B. f which C. it’s D. that
26.He has had the same life ______ his father lived.
A. where B. as C. that D. when
27.Drthy was always speaking highly f her rle in the play, ____, f curse, made the thers unhappy.
A. wh B. which C. this D. what
28.Recently I bught an ancient Chinese Vase, _____ was very reasnable.
A. which price B. the price f which C. its price D. the price f whse
29.The Chicag Bulls was made up f the best basketball players in the States, and ____ were black Americans.
A. mst f them B. mst f whm C. mst f that D. mst f which
30.“ ______ break the law shuld be punished,” the judge shuted.
A. Smene B. Anyne C. Whever D. Thse wh
参考答案：
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