北师大2019选修四Unit 12 Section A　TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1练习

Section A　TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1

课后篇巩固提升

必备知识基础练

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1.He gave a great performance,but he was very h　　　　　. 

答案humble

2.This discovery was p　　　　　 as a major breakthrough. 

答案perceived

3.Oxford has a lot to offer visitors in the way of 　　　　　(娱乐). 

答案entertainment

4.Farmers are introducing 　　　　　(新方法) which can increase the productivity. 

答案innovations

5.More p　　　　　　 farmers have been able to provide cheaper food. 

答案productive

6.They 　　　　　(捐赠)money to them to buy textbooks and stationery last week. 

答案donated

7.They did a lot of market research before l　　　　　 the product. 

答案launching

8.The stones have been worn smoothly by the c　　　　　 flow of water. 

答案constant

9.Jackie and Ben came to a j　　　　　 decision as to where they would live. 

答案joint

10.The translation sacrifices naturalness for the sake of 　　　　　(准确). 

答案accuracy

Ⅱ.短语填空

come up with,be transformed into,be dedicated to,go out,single out,every once in a while,turn into,adapt to,not to mention,figure out

1.No one could 　　　　　　　how he got to be so wealthy. 

答案figure out

2.Put more wood on the fire,otherwise it will 　　　　　　　. 

答案go out

3.I think I have got to stop or I might 　　　　　　　　　　　a machine. 

答案turn into

4.An open-minded person is able to 　　　　　　　　　new conditions. 

答案adapt to

5.The society 　　　　　　　furthering the cause of world peace. 

答案is dedicated to

6.And after a few minutes the car 　　　　　　　　　　　　a dormitory. 

答案was transformed into

7.They 　　　　　　　interesting games to play in their childhood. 

答案came up with

8.Who would you 　　　　　　　as the most promising student of the year? 

答案single out

9.　　　　　　　　　 something comes up that you can’t prepare for. 

答案Every once in a while

10.He has two big houses in this country,　　　　　　　 his villas in France. 

答案not to mention

Ⅲ.完成句子

1.我与弟弟通电话时,突然线路断了。

I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　my brother on the telephone when suddenly the line went dead. 

答案was talking to

2.这是我的一副眼镜,没有它我就看不清东西。

This is my pair of glasses,　　　　　 　　　　　I cannot see clearly. 

答案without which

3.这些20世纪的先驱都致力于提高人类生活质量。

These pioneers of the 20th century 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the quality of human life. 

答案were all dedicated to improving

4.毫无疑问,我们的星球已经变成了一个“地球村”。

　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　our planet has been transformed into a “global village”. 

答案There is no doubt that

5.因为有很多作业要做,我不能和你一起去滑冰。

　　　 a lot of homework 　　　　　　　　　　,I can’t go skating with you. 

答案With;to do

关键能力提升练

Ⅳ.阅读理解

A

He is regarded as having one of the brightest minds on the planet.But outstanding astrophysicist (天体物理学家) Stephen Hawking has admitted that he did not learn to read until he was eight years old.

In a public lecture at the Royal Albert Hall,Professor Hawking also admitted that he was not active in studying while at Oxford University,where he studied physics,and that only the diagnosis that he might die young from motor neuron (神经元) disease made him concentrate on his work.

Professor Hawking said,“My sister Philippa could read by the age of 4 and she was definitely brighter than me.” He said that he was unexceptional at school and was never further than halfway up his class.“My classwork was very untidy,and my handwriting was the despair of my teachers,” he said.“But my classmates gave me the nickname Einstein,so presumably they saw signs of something better.”

But he said that it was when doctors told him that he probably only had a few years to live at the age of 21 that galvanised (刺激) him into focusing on his work and a period of productivity that resulted in some of his early breakthroughs.He said,“When you are faced with the possibility of an early death,it makes you realise that life is worth living and there are lots of things you want to do.”

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章向我们讲述了传奇科学家霍金的故事。

1.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A.Stephen Hawking is the second Einstein in the world.

B.Stephen Hawking couldn’t read at the age of 7.

C.Stephen Hawking’s handwriting was once terribly bad.

D.Stephen Hawking’s sister once performed much better than him.

答案A

解析细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知,绰号“爱因斯坦”是同学给起的,但并不意味着他就是第二个爱因斯坦。故选A项。

2.Which word can be used to describe Hawking when he studied at Oxford University?

A.Clever. B.Lazy.

C.Ambitious. D.Mean.

答案B

解析推理判断题。根据第二段第一句中“...he was not active in studying while at Oxford University...”可知,霍金在大学里是非常懒惰的。

3.From whom did Hawking get a relatively just respect when he was at school?

A.His sister.

B.His classmates.

C.His teachers.

D.His parents.

答案B

解析推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知,尽管老师不看好他,但同学们仍给他“爱因斯坦”的绰号,说明同学们比较尊重他。

4.What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A.His life might be taken away by long hard work.

B.It was possible for Hawking to face the early death.

C.Stephen Hawking didn’t realise his dreams in physics.

D.The purpose of the doctor’s diagnosis was to encourage him to work hard.

答案B

解析细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知,他有可能要面对英年早逝的不幸事实。故选B项。

B

What are the biggest problems that society will have to deal with in the new age?There are diseases like AIDS and cancer.There’s climate change,of course.And what about producing enough cheap food and energy for the world’s growing population?Who’s going to solve all these terrible problems?Yes,politicians and world leaders will have a big part to play.Yes,businesses will need to create the economic wealth to pay for some of these things.But who’s going to make a much greater difference to something like AIDS or climate change?It’s going to be a scientist.It is the scientist who can turn some new bit of science into a new technology to solve these problems.

If you like thinking about the world around you,why not become a scientist?It doesn’t mean you have to wear a white coat and plastic glasses and spend all your time in a lab as most people often imagine! Scientists do all kinds of amazing things that are actually interesting!

Military scientists develop not only new weapons but new military technologies that could help make wars out of date.Forensic (法医的) scientists work with the police to find quite small clues to catch criminals.Scientists work in schools and colleges as the teachers and professors who will train tomorrow’s scientists.Don’t think a scientist is far away! Maybe you like cooking?You could be a food technologist helping to keep fruit and vegetables fresher for longer.Perhaps sport is your thing?Do you know that most top athletes work with sports scientists in order to improve their performance?You could even be the science writer who gets to spend the life studying the latest advances and sharing them with the world.

Looking for something to do for the rest of your life.My advice?Take a long and hard look at science.It is interesting.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章提出,在新时代,很多问题急需解决,而科学家们在解决这些问题中发挥着重要作用。文章还提到,其实每个人都可以通过努力成为某个领域的科学家。

5.Many problems are mentioned in the first paragraph to 　　　. 

A.suggest they are impossible to be solved

B.introduce the causes of these problems

C.show the writer’s worry about the future world

D.show scientists play an important part in solving them

答案D

解析推理判断题。根据第一段最后三句可知,第一段中提到了很多问题是为了说明科学家在解决这些问题中起着重要作用。故选D项。

6.What is needed to solve these problems?

A.Advanced weapons.

B.Enough energy.

C.New technologies.

D.A growing population.

答案C

解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,解决这些问题需要新科技。故选C项。

7.Most people think the life of scientists is 　　　. 

A.amazing B.boring

C.colorful D.unreal

答案B

解析推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可推断,多数人认为科学家的生活是无聊的。故选B项。

8.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A.Owing to military technologies,there has been no wars.

B.For those interested in cooking,food technologies may be a choice.

C.Forensic scientists play an important part in dealing with crimes.

D.Most athletes can achieve greater achievements with the help of sports scientists.

答案A

解析细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知A项(由于军事技术,已经没有战争了)是错误的,故选A项。

Ⅴ.七选五

Johannes Gutenberg was chosen to be the most important figure of the past millennium (千年) by the media.You may not be familiar with him.　1　 Gutenberg is praised for having invented the printing press and therefore preparing the way for printing books. 

He was born into a wealthy family in the city of Mainz,Germany.His early training was in goldsmithing.In 1428,he moved to Strasbourg and lived there for almost 20 years.　2　 Gutenberg used his skills in metalwork for the mass production of books.　3　 That means that each copy of a book was painstakingly handwritten by men.Gutenberg fashioned a font (字体) of over 300 characters,far larger than the fonts of today.To make this possible,he invented a variable-width mold (模具) and perfected the mixture of materials used by type factories up to the present century. 

　4　 Between 1450 and 1455,while preparing to produce a large Latin Bible,Gutenberg is thought to have printed a number of smaller books,a calendar,and a papal letter of indulgence.The Bible of 42 lines,the oldest surviving printed book in the Western world,was completed by August 15,1456. 

The invention of the modern printing press changed the way information was delivered.　5　 Even today in the computer age,we rely heavily on the printed words or text for instruction,information,and for the pleasure of reading literature. 

A.Gutenberg made the world a much richer place.

B.But he has certainly influenced your life in some ways.

C.Gutenberg’s idea was one of the greatest ideas of all mankind.

D.By 1450,Gutenberg was back in Mainz at work on a printing press.

E.In fact,this invention contributed a lot to educating the masses (大众) worldwide.

F.Before the spread of Gutenberg’s idea,books were primarily handwritten.

G.It was in Strasbourg that he probably did his first experiment with moveable type and printing.

答案与解析

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了印刷机的发明者——约翰内斯·古登堡,他被媒体评选为过去一千年里最重要的人物。

1.B　根据上文句意“你可能并不熟悉他”和下文句意“古登堡因为发明了印刷机并且因此为印刷书籍做好了准备而得到赞扬”可知,B项(但是他肯定在一些方面影响了你的生活)起到过渡的作用。故选B项。

2.G　根据上文句意“1428年,他搬到斯特拉斯堡,在那里他生活了将近20年”可知,G项(正是在斯特拉斯堡,他可能第一次做了活字印刷实验)符合语境。故选G项。

3.F　根据上文句意“古登堡用他在金属制品(加工)方面的技能来进行书籍的大批量生产”和下文句意“那就意味着每册书的复本都是人们精心手写的”可知,F项(在古登堡的方法传播之前,书籍主要是手写的)符合上下文语境。故选F项。

4.D　根据空后的“Between 1450 and 1455”可知,D项(到1450年,古登堡已回到美因茨致力于印刷机的制造)时间衔接自然,符合语境。故选D项。

5.E　根据上文句意“现代印刷机的发明改变了信息的传递方式”可知,E项(实际上,这项发明也对全世界的大众教育做出了很大贡献)衔接上句,进一步说明了这项发明的重要影响,符合上下文语境。故选E项。