上海高三英语概要写作模拟练习

这是一份上海高三英语概要写作模拟练习，共11页。试卷主要包含了遣词造句，要点摘录等内容，欢迎下载使用。
高三英语概要写作模拟练习一．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.A Brief Introduction of CryptocurrencyIn 2008, someone, or perhaps a group of people, using the name Satoshi Nakamoto published a paper to an online group that discussed cryptography (密码学). That paper described a process that would use cryptography to create a secure electronic cash system, now known as a cryptocurrency (加密货币). Person to person payments could be made online using a shared network of computers instead of a bank or other financial institutions. Each transaction could happen very quickly. The shared network of computers would also serve as the means to verify(核实) those transactions safely. Getting rid of the need for a centralized banking system would open up the possibility for anyone to become part of the digital economy.The software behind cryptocurrency is open source, which means anyone can use the original code to create their own version. Today, there are well over a thousand different cryptocurrencies. Unfortunately, their becoming the global payment systems are held back by problems affecting the entire cryptocurrency industry. One issue is weak security on cryptocurrency websites where users either store their electronic cash in virtual “wallets” or exchange one kind of electronic cash for another. In recent years, clever thieves have broken into many of these websites and stolen electronic cash. The websites are struggling to protect their users from such thefts.Another problem is the large number of fake cryptocurrencies that are advertised on the internet. The advertisements invite internet users to visit websites offering new cryptocurrencies. Many visitors are persuaded by the websites to buy their cryptocurrencies using actual money. Later, the websites disappear along with the victims’ money. In response to this problem, companies like Facebook and Google are limiting cryptocurrency advertising on their websites. 二．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Why Screen Time Isn’t Always BadFor the past few years, I have been researching the effects of one type of screen time on our behaviour: playing video games. It’s easy to see why video games are often dismissed as something harmful. Players seem absorbed by the action on the screen, as if the rest of the world doesn’t exist. Without further context, it’s hard to see games as anything other than digital junk food. But context matters, and understanding the experience of the players can give us new understanding. Video games are an inherently social experience: they’ve been designed as cooperative. Take Mine-craft, for example. It does bring people together in all sorts of ways. Some play to connect with their friends, others share in the creative experience of building something monumental, and it’s even been used as an interactive tool to teach students basic chemistry. Elsewhere, studies have shown that video games can be used as a therapy to help soldiers overcome PTSD, and to help children with cancer stick to treatment. As for the supposed negative aspects of video games, the story is largely the same. Studies that show a link between violent games and aggressive behaviour are often picked up in the news over other, more meaningful studies. Part of the problem is that it’s remarkably hard to test for aggression in the lab, and there’s also a great deal of flexibility in the way that researchers can analyse their data. But where the best methods are used, evidence suggests that playing violent games has fairly negligible effects on our behaviour. Our understanding of the behavioural effects of video games - and screens more generally - isn’t yet complete. After all, these technologies are a relatively recent addition to our lives. Like many things, we can use them in good ways, and we can use them in bad ways. It’s up to us, as a society, to use their potential for good.  三、Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Seniority in Promotion Is Not a Wise Business PracticeIt's not always an easy decision for companies when it comes to filling managerial spots. In the past promoting an employee has been popularly handled by means of basic analysis of the employees' past performance nod seniority, In some cases, the individual's performance has been considered more important while in others the amount of time they have been with the company has been the deciding factor. Nevertheless, seniority is a standard that has never been left out, However, in the contemporary business world, the importance of seniority in promotion is being destroyed as a growing number of companies look outside of their organizations when trying to fill top managerial spots. Unlike experienced employees who have been with the company for a long time, new people are mare likely generate creative ideas. In rapidly changing markets, innovative and creative talents are sought by many companies in order to adapt to the market. To meet their needs, companies have more to gain by selecting outside employees since they are more willing to try new techniques and less afraid of breaking tradition when introducing new ideas. Thus, rather than promoting existing employees, it might be a wiser management decision to bring in outside talent. An additional advantage to this new system is that it prevents employees from feeling that they only need to wait for their seniority to provide them with a promotion. Simply put no matter how long they have been with the company, employees have to contribute diligently to the organization if they want to move up the career ladder, As soon as people realize that the company could just as easily bring in a new person, employees will stop judging themselves against each other because they are no longer competing against their colleagues but everyone in the entire industry. As a result, they will begin to show more effort to bring the level of their work up to what they imagine is a much higher standard. 四、Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.StorytellingThe art of storytelling is a respected skill. Over the course of history, community elders and their stories have been regarded as treasures of society’s knowledge, history, and wisdom. Today, medical and social science researchers are interested in more than just the importance of storytelling as a means of teaching, but also overall health.There have been lots of studies that have looked at the psychological and therapeutic effects of storytelling. Perhaps one of the most interesting things in the world of the research of long life, however, is the growing number of people with dementia who are benefiting from participating in group-based community storytelling. Studies of the use of reminiscence therapy with people suffering from dementia have looked at the impact the therapy has on both mental function and quality of life, which are positively influenced by the use of storytelling.Experts say that storytelling also effectively fights against the initial denial that can arise when a patient learns of a new diagnosis, or is asked to change deeply fixed behaviors which are definitely influencing health in the long run. Patients may react to this news by thinking, “This is not directly related to me,” or “My experience is somewhat different.” Stories help break down that denial by engaging the listener, often through some degree of identification with the storyteller or one of the characters. The magic of stories lies in the relatedness they promote. This is why many stories in advertisements are being made full use of to reach the target customers.Patients and doctors have understood the power of storytelling. Whether among patients in peer support groups or between doctors and patients in the exam rooms or even between doctors during consultations, storytelling is always playing the essential part. 五、What started as a race to space between the United States and Russia has turned out to be a technological revolution that has greatly improved the quality of daily life throughout the world. Scientists at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have invented new technology to make space flights doable. The same technology, when applied on Earth, has produced thousands of products in the areas of health and sports that have significant impacts on our lives.Many of these improvements are in the fields of health and medicine. NASA-inspired technology fueled the great advances in the early detection of deadly diseases. For instance, computer chips designed for the Hubble telescope are used in digital imaging devices that help medical professionals detect cancer at very early stages. Eye doctors can now diagnose vision problems in very young children by using ocular screening. Ultrasound scanners, portable x-ray devices, and bone analyzers are among the medical devices developed with the help of space technology.Fogless ski goggles and special sportswear are among the hundreds of items of sports equipment inspired by NASA technology. Space technology has been applied to sports too. The running shoes that athletes use today have midsoles that act like shock absorbers and keep the runners steady while in motion. These shoes utilize the technology NASA used to design the moon boot. In golf, athletes use a new ball that employs NASA research on how to make the flight of the ball from the tee to the green faster and more accurate. In swimming, athletes can swim faster because of NASA-developed riblets in the fabric of their swimsuits.Almost all aspects of daily life continue to improve because NASA scientists are still at work. Transportation, methods of preparing food, and work environments are other ways in which NASA technology has made significant changes. 参考答案：一、Cryptocurrency is an electronic cash system created through a process using cryptography. It enables fast online transaction and removes the need for financial institutions. However, the cryptocurrency industry is facing serious challenges. Weak security means the websites and the users are subjected to thefts. Besides, fake cryptocurrency cheats people of real money, so many companies are restricting cryptocurrency advertising.解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，加密货币是一种通过使用密码学的过程创建的电子现金系统。它可以实现快速的在线交易，并消除了对金融机构的需求。然而，加密货币行业正面临严峻挑战。薄弱的安全性意味着网站和用户容易遭受盗窃。此外，虚假加密货币欺骗人们的真钱，所以许多公司限制加密货币广告。1 要点摘录①In 2008, someone, or perhaps a group of people, using the name Satoshi Nakamoto published a paper to an online group that discussed cryptography (密码学).②That paper described a process that would use cryptography to create a secure electronic cash system, now known as a cryptocurrency (加密货币).③Person to person payments could be made online using a shared network of computers instead of a bank or other financial institutions. Each transaction could happen very quickly. ④Unfortunately, their becoming the global payment systems are held back by problems affecting the entire cryptocurrency industry.⑤One issue is weak security on cryptocurrency websites where users either store their electronic cash in virtual “wallets” or exchange one kind of electronic cash for another. ⑥In recent years, clever thieves have broken into many of these websites and stolen electronic cash. The websites are struggling to protect their users from such thefts. ⑦Many visitors are persuaded by the websites to buy their cryptocurrencies using actual money. Later, the websites disappear along with the victims’ money. ⑧In response to this problem, companies like Facebook and Google are limiting cryptocurrency advertising on their websites. 2.将第1、2和5、6和7、8几个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句：Cryptocurrency is an electronic cash system created through a process using cryptography. It enables fast online transaction and removes the need for financial institutions. However, the cryptocurrency industry is facing serious challenges. Weak security means the websites and the users are subjected to thefts. Besides, fake cryptocurrency cheats people of real money, so many companies are restricting cryptocurrency advertising.二、People often see playing video games harmful to our life, which, in fact, is not always the truth. Playing video games can be used as a therapy to treat some illnesses. What’s more, there is some evidence showing that it has little to do with our behavior. Faced with technology, we should learn to make proper use of them.解析：本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了玩网络游戏并不都是不好的，电脑游戏有时候可以用来治疗疾病，而且也有证据表明电脑游戏对我们的行为并没有多大的影响。所以，真正重要的是我们应该合理使用科技。1 要点摘录①It’s easy to see why video games are often dismissed as something harmful. Players seem absorbed by the action on the screen, as if the rest of the world doesn’t exist.②Elsewhere, studies have shown that video games can be used as a therapy to help soldiers overcome PTSD, and to help children with cancer stick to treatment.③But where the best methods are used, evidence suggests that playing violent games has fairly negligible effects on our behaviour.④After all, these technologies are a relatively recent addition to our lives. Like many things, we can use them in good ways, and we can use them in bad ways. It’s up to us, as a society, to use their potential for good.2.将第2、3两个要点进行整合，将第1、4个要点进行重新表述。3.遣词造句People often see playing video games harmful to our life, which, in fact, is not always the truth. Playing video games can be used as a therapy to treat some illnesses. What’s more, there is some evidence showing that it has little to do with our behavior. Faced with technology, we should learn to make proper use of them.三、Nowadays, more companies prefer to select outside employees in promotion instead of considering employees' past performance and seniority mainly for two reasons/advantages. One is that outside employees are more likely to produce creative ideas, which helps companies adapt to the market. The other is that it stops employees thinking their seniority guarantees a promotion, which helps enhancing employees' work level.解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，在过去，公司提拔员工是通过对员工过去的表现和资历的分析。然而，在当代的商业世界，为了适应市场的变化，为了满足他们的需要，公司更愿意选择并提拔外部员工。他们更愿意引入新思路和新技术，也不害怕打破传统。因此，与提拔现有员工相比，从外部引进员工可能是一个更明智的管理决策。1 要点摘录①It's not always an easy decision for companies when it comes to filling managerial spots.②However, in the contemporary business world, the importance of seniority in promotion is being destroyed as a growing number of companies look outside of their organizations when trying to fill top managerial spots. ③Unlike experienced employees who have been with the company for a long time, new people are mare likely generate creative ideas. ④An additional advantage to this new system is that it prevents employees from feeling that they only need to wait for their seniority to provide them with a promotion.2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句In the contemporary business world, there is no need to consider employee’s seniority. The most important things for a company are innovative and creative talents .Outside employees are more likely to produce creative ideas, which helps companies adapt to the market.It stops employees thinking their seniority guarantees a promotion, which helps enhancing employees' work level.四、Besides being educational, storytelling is found effective in promoting overall health. Studies show people suffering from dementia function better psychologically and their life quality is improved through storytelling. Moreover, relatedness in storytelling can successfully help patients accept new diagnoses and change deep-rooted behaviors. And its effects have been recognized among patients and doctors. 解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，除了具有教育意义外，讲故事对促进整体健康也很有效。研究表明，痴呆症患者的心理功能更好，他们的生活质量通过讲故事得到改善。此外，讲故事的关联性可以成功地帮助患者接受新的诊断，改变根深蒂固的行为。它的效果已经被病人和医生所认可。1.要点摘录 ①Today, medical and social science researchers are interested in more than just the importance of storytelling as a means of teaching, but also overall health. ②Studies of the use of reminiscence therapy with people suffering from dementia have looked at the impact the therapy has on both mental function and quality of life, which are positively influenced by the use of storytelling. ③Experts say that storytelling also effectively fights against the initial denial that can arise when a patient learns of a new diagnosis, or is asked to change deeply fixed behaviors which are definitely influencing health in the long run. ④Whether among patients in peer support groups or between doctors and patients in the exam rooms or even between doctors during consultations, storytelling is always playing the essential part. 2.将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。 3.遣词造句Besides being educational, storytelling is found effective in promoting overall health. Studies show people suffering from dementia function better psychologically and their life quality is improved through storytelling. Moreover, relatedness in storytelling can successfully help patients accept new diagnoses and change deep-rooted behaviors. And its effects have been recognized among patients and doctors.五、The technologies innovated to meet the demand of space flights are also employed in people’s daily life. For instance, in health, some technology is adopted to detect early cancer, or diagnose eye diseases. In sports, some technology is applied to manufacture sports shoes to keep athletes running steadily, or to make swimsuits for athletes to swim faster. 解析：文章第一句话指出美国和俄罗斯之间的太空竞赛已经变成了一场技术革命，极大地改善了人们日常生活的质量，接着又指出科学家们发明的这些用于太空飞行的技术应用于地球上，在对我们生活有重大影响的领域里产生了数以千级的产品，总结起来是为满足航天飞行而创新的技术也应用于人们的日常生活中（The technologies innovated to meet the demand of space flights are also employed in people’s daily life.），第一段中的“Many of these improvements are in the fields of health and medicine.”表明，很多技术应用于健康和医疗领域，接下来又举例说明这些技术用来发现早期癌症和诊断眼部疾病，即：在健康领域，一些技术被用来检测早期癌症或诊断眼疾（For instance, in health, some technology is adopted to detect early cancer, or diagnose eye diseases.）第二段第二句“Space technology has been applied to sports too.”表明，这些技术也应用于体育领域，接下来又举例说明这些技术用来制造运动鞋以保持运动员跑步平稳，或制造泳衣以使运动员游泳更快，即：在体育领域，一些技术被用来制造保持运动员跑步平稳的运动鞋或使运动员游泳更快的泳衣。