Day 18 展望未来 -备战2022高考英语一轮话题复习基础练

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1.replace vt.代替
2.research vt.研究
3.explre vt.探索
4.humanity n.人类
5.capacity n.能力;才能
6.analyse vt.分析
7.regulate vt.控制;管理
8.illegal adj.非法的
9.immral adj.不道德的
10.assess vt.评价
11.cell n.细胞
12.demand vt.需要;需求
13.mechanical adj.机械的
14.medicine n.药物
15.abnrmal adj.不正常的
16.pllute vt.污染
17.prvide vt.提供
18.prfessin n.职业;专业
19.ptimistic adj.乐观的
20.psitive adj.积极的1.human-like intelligence类似人类的智慧
2.rbtic vacuum cleaner机器人吸尘器
3.n sale待售
4.previus versin先前的版本
5.threat ur existence威胁我们的存在
6.be bund t很有可能
7.super-smart persnal assistant超级聪明的私人助理
8.make judgement做出判断
9.machine learning机械学习
10.at risk有危险
11.in the lng run从长远来看
12.n the hrizn将要发生
13.save energy节约能源
14.advanced technlgy先进的科技
15.smart hme智能家居
16.weather-tracking cmputer prgrammes气象跟踪计算机程序
17.benefit frm受益于
18.fr lack f因为缺少
19.big data大数据
20.serius damage严重的损坏
1：单句语法填空
1.We anticipated that we wuld meet a certain amunt f (resist) t ur plan.
2.It will be many years befre anyne can predict a hurricane’s behaviur with great (accurate).
3.He advcated (build) mre gd rads t prmte the develpment f the rural villages.
4.I suppse I was lking fr an (ccupy) which was ging t be an adventure.
5.He was unwilling t make a (predict) fr the cming year.
6.Advances in technlgy (cmbine) with mre pen plicies have already created an intercnnected wrld.
7.A (cmbine) f talent,hard wrk and gd lks has taken her t the tp.
8.It’s standard practice fr a cmpany like this ne t emply a (secure) fficer.
9.We believe that students f (integrate) schls will have mre tlerant attitudes.
10.Research has shwn that having a (prefer) fr junk fd can result in besity.
参考答案：
1.resistance 2.accuracy 3.building 4.ccupatin 5.predictin
6.cmbined 7.cmbinatin 8.security 9.integrated 10.preference
2：篇章语法填空
A smart hme is ne that 1. (integrate) cmputers int the structure f the building 2. (it).In this way,many f the things that we nw d urselves will becme autmatic.Fr example,the smart hme culd cntrl the air cnditining and lights s that yu wuld n lnger have t switch 3. and ff,4. (make) yur hme mre energy-efficient.Yur hme will als learn yur daily rutine and preferences,s everything will be ready fr yu when yu get hme each evening.All cntrls will respnd t vice 5. (cmmand),s if yu want t change yur rutine,yu just say alud what yu want and the hme system will bey.
The smart hme culd als mnitr itself t make sure that everything is wrking as it shuld,and send yu a 6. (warn) if there is a prblem.Such smart hmes culd even 7. (prgramme) t detect yur health prblems,and then give yu relevant advice as t the fd yu shuld eat 8. if yu shuld see a dctr.S,in 9. sense,smart hmes will lead us t 10. (live) smarter lives.
参考答案：
1.integrates 2.itself 3.n 4.making 5.cmmands 6.warning
7.be prgrammed 8.r 9.a 10.living
A
Cmputers have beaten human wrld champins at chess and, earlier this year, the bard game G(围棋). S far, thugh, they have struggled at the card table. S we challenged ne AI (artificial intelligence) t a game.
Why is pker s difficult? Chess and G are “infrmatin cmplete” games where all players can see all the relevant infrmatin. In pker, ther players’ cards are hidden, making it an “infrmatin incmplete” game. Players have t guess ppnents’ hands frm their actins — tricky fr cmputers. Slving pker culd lead t many breakthrughs, frm cyber security t driverless cars.
Scientists believe it is nly a matter f time befre AI nce again vanquishes humans, s ur human-machine match cmes up in a game f Texas Hld’s Em Limit Pker. The AI was develped by Jhannes Heinrich, a researcher studying machine learning at UCL. It cmbines tw techniques: neural(神经的) netwrks and reinfrcement learning(强化学习).
Neural netwrks, t sme degree, cpy the structure f human brains: their prcessrs are highly intercnnected and wrk at the same time t slve prblems. They are gd at sptting patterns in huge amunts f data. Reinfrcement learning is when a machine, given a task, carries it ut, learning frm mistakes it makes. In this case, it means playing pker against itself billins f times t get better.
Mr Heinrich tld Sky News: “Tday we are presenting a new prcedure that has learned in a different way, mre similar t hw humans learn. In particular, it is able t learn abstract patterns, represented by its neural netwrk, which allw it t deal with new and unseen situatins.”
After tw hurs f quite defensive play, frm the cmputer at least, we called it a draw.
1. Why des the cmputer fail t beat humans in pker?
A. Because humans are cleverer than the cmputer.
B. Because humans practice playing the pker game every day.
C. Because the cmputer can’t learn the regular rules f the pker game.
D. Because the cmputer can’t knw the ther players’ cards cmpletely.
2. What des the underlined wrd “vanquishes” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Leaves. B. Defeats.
C. Cheats. D. Serves.
3. What d we knw abut the reinfrcement learning f AI?
A. It slves prblems crrectly every time.
B. It is the same as the learning f humans.
C. It learns frm the mistakes appearing in a task.
D. It is mre develped than the studying ways f humans.
4. What can be inferred frm the text?
A. Cmputers are strnger than humans in every aspect.
B. Humans will beat cmputers at playing pker frever.
C. The new prcedure f AI has sme features f humans.
D. Scientists feel unhappy abut the result f the pker game.
参考答案：
1. D 细节理解题。根据第二段中In pker, ther players’ cards are hidden, making it an “infrmatin incmplete” game. Players have t guess ppnents’ hands frm their actins — tricky fr cmputers. 可知，电脑不能完全了解其他玩家的牌，需从对手的动作来猜测，这给电脑战胜人类带来了一定难度。
2. B 词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句Scientists believe it is nly a matter f time befre AI nce again vanquishes humans以及前面的内容可推知，科学家认为在Pker上，电脑战胜人类只是一个时间的问题。
3. C 细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句Reinfrcement learning is when a machine, given a task, carries it ut, learning frm mistakes it makes. 可知强化学习就是在执行任务的过程中，从出现的错误中来学习。
4. C 推理判断题。根据最后一段Tday we are presenting a new prcedure that has learned in a different way, mre similar t hw humans learn. 可知，人工智能的新程序具有人类的某些特征。
B
Fr tw centuries,the famus University f Cambridge debating sciety has hsted many prminent figures,frm wrld leaders t scientists t cmedians.
On Nv 21,the Cambridge Unin hsted its first-ever nn-human guest.Designed by IBM,Prject Debater is a machine that uses Artificial Intelligence (AI) t frm a spken argument.It can even listen and answer t ppsing statements,much like a real persn.
Speaking with a vice similar t Siri,Prject Debater uses AI t search jurnals,newspapers and ther infrmatin surces.It then filters ut(过滤) useless infrmatin,picks the strngest arguments,and arranges them int a persuasive argument.
In the Cambridge test debate,it argued the tpic:AI will ultimately d mre harm than gd.Accrding t IBM,it is the first machine that can debate cmplicated tpics with humans.
Befre the debate,mre than 1,100 arguments fr the psitives and negatives f AI were submitted t the IBM website.The machine then analyzed these surces and frmed the basis f its arguments in minutes.Prject Debater then shwed ff its AI by arguing fr bth sides f the debate.
Over a fur-minute speech,it argued first that,“AI can nly make decisins that it has been prgrammed t slve,while humans can be prgrammed fr all plts,pssible events.”
In supprt f AI,it then argued that AI wuld create new jbs and “bring a lt mre efficiency” t the wrkplace.
This isn’t the first test fr Prject Debater.In June 2018,the machine went back-and-frth fr 20 minutes against champin debater Harish Natarajan.
Accrding t New Scientist,n bth ccasins,Prject Debater repeated pints and didn’t always sufficiently supprt them.
Speaking t Cambridge Independent,Nam Slnim,the prject’s lead engineer,said,“The AI is nt perfect,but it’s ging in the right directin.” The team hpes t imprve the AI by researching why humans find certain arguments mre persuasive than thers.
1.In which way des Prject Debater behave like a real persn?
A.It can listen and answer t ppsing statements.
B.It can speak with a vice similar t Siri.
C.It can create varius useful surces.
D.It can deal with any situatin.
2.What were prepared fr the machine befre the Cambridge test debate?
A.Analyzed surces.
B.Useless messages.
C.Materials fr arguments.
D.Items abut human debaters.
3.What can we infer frm the text?
A.AI did better than humans in arguments.
B.AI had rich ideas t supprt its pints.
C.AI beat Harish Natarajan in the first test.
D.AI needs mre persuasive arguments in debates.
4.What is Nam Slnim’s attitude t the AI?
A.Supprtive. B.Uncnfident.
C.Negative. D.Indifferent.
参考答案：
1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“It can even listen and answer t ppsing statements,much like a real persn.”可知,它能够聆听并提出反驳,就像真人一样,故选A项。
2.C 细节理解题。第五段中提到:辩论开始前,IBM官网上收到了1 100多条关于人工智能利弊的论据。这款机器人随后对这些来源进行了分析,并在数分钟内形成了其论点的基础。然后,“Prject Debater”通过为正反两方辩论展示了其人工智能的技术,故选C项。
3.D 推理判断题。最后两段提到:《新科学家》杂志认为,在这两次辩论中,“辩论家计划”的论点都有重复,其论据也并非总是充分有力。该项目的首席工程师诺姆·斯洛尼姆在接受《剑桥独立报》采访时表示:“人工智能并不完美,但它的方向是正确的。”为改进人工智能,团队对人类为何能找出更有说服力的论点进行了研究。故选D项。
4.A 推理判断题。最后一段提到:为改进人工智能,团队对人类为何能找出更有说服力的论点进行了研究。可见Nam Slnim对于人工智能是支持的,故选A项。
A
假设你是某校高三学生李华。最近你校学生就是否应该进一步开发人工智能机器人展开了讨论。请你用英语写一篇短文阐述自己的观点。要点包括：
表明观点；
你的理由。
Recently ur schl held a discussin abut whether AI rbts shuld be further develped. As far as I’m cncerned, we shuld supprt their research and develpment. AI rbts can help peple d a lt f hard wrk s we can fcus n mre valuable things and enjy mre spare time. It’s unnecessary t wrry that the wide use f rbts will make peple lse their jbs. Actually, what we shuld d is t learn t wrk with AI rbts and make full use f them.
T cnclude, AI rbts will imprve ur lives and I am in favur f their develpment.
B
假如你是李华,你的加拿大网友Bruce将来中国出差,给你发来电子邮件,询问他是否需要带许多现金。请你回信,内容包括:
1.不必带太多现金,使用移动支付;
2.刷脸支付已成为新的潮流;
3.祝愿对方在中国过得愉快。
注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考答案
Dear Bruce,
Hearing that yu will be n a business trip in China,I’m glad t extend my sincerest welcme.
Since China has cme int the nn-cash age,yu dn’t have t carry much cash n yu.Chinese peple are used t all kinds f mbile payments,f which paying by scanning faces is the new trend.By scanning yur face,the machine can identify yu by yur facial features.It is bvius that yu dn’t need t waste much time waiting in line.
Wish yu have a nice trip in China.
Yurs,
Li Hua