热点练05七选五阅读（热点话题）-2022年高考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练（新高考专用）

该题型的阅读材料长度为300词左右，主要以说明文为主。文中有五处空白，文后有七个选项，要求考生从短文后的七个选项中选出五个能填入文章空白处的最佳选项。该题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和前后文联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析和理解长难句的能力。

文中的五处空白一般分布于各个段落的段首、段中或段尾。其选项一般分为四类:主题概句、过渡句(反映文章结构)、细节理解句(反映上下文逻辑关系)、结论句。多余两个选项也往往从这四个方面设置，例如题概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡句不能反映文章的行文结构，节理解句与上下文脱节等。

考向1：考查对于段落大意的总结

考向2：考查上下文的逻辑关系

考向3：上下文之间的过渡也常设为考点

满分技巧：

1. 理清句际间意义的关系
2. 找出句子之间的连接词
3. 注意句子之间的指示代词

解题思路：

1..看标题、副标题或者首段预测文章大意和篇章结构;

2.浏览选项，确定选项特征，勾出关键词;

3. 寻对应（通读全文，查看主题句，分析结构;

4.看空前空后内容，分析之间的逻辑性;）

5.排错项，灵活掌握答题顺序(先易后难)

6. 代入答案，重点核查逻辑关系。

提高阅读速度的建议，新冠前自我护理，友谊，健康，电子屏幕的影响，智能垃圾桶的使用。

第一组 （2021·新高考真题卷·七选五）

If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which you read -probably does not matter very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly. ____16____

·Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable. You need a seat which supports your back and the book should be at the right distance from your eyes. ____17____

____18____ Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter heading,etc.This will help you to decide whether you really need to read the whole book or only certain parts of it. Ten minutes spent in this way could save you quite a lot of time in the long run.

If you decide that you need to read the whole book, decide how much you can read at a time. ____19____ A history book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one dealing with scientific subjects. In the former case you may be able to read a chapter. In the latter you may only be able to read one page.

Always keep a pencil and paper beside you. ____20____Note also the facts important for your purpose as well as anything which leads you to further research. You don't have to write these things in detail. It is enough to put the page number and one or two words as a reminder .

A. Stop to have a rest now and then.

B. Spend a few minutes looking through the book.

C. This depends on the type of book you are reading.

D. Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.

E. Make a note of any page which is of special importance.

F. You may find yourself having to leam something by heart.

G. Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy.

【答案】16. D    17. G    18. B    19. C    20. E

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些帮助提高阅读速度的建议。

【16题详解】

根据上文“If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which you read -probably does not matter very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly.（如果你唯一的阅读是小说或杂志，那么你阅读的速度可能并不重要。但是，如果你必须大量阅读来学习，你就会感激能够更快地阅读的好处。）”可知，接下来要介绍提高阅读速度的方法。D项：Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.（这里有一些帮助提高阅读速度的建议。）符合语境。故选D。

【17题详解】

根据本段主题句“Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable.（在你打开书之前，确保你感到舒服。）”可知，本段主要说明要给自己创造舒适的阅读环境。G项：Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy.（保持房间凉爽而不是温暖以避免困倦。）符合语境。故选G。

【18题详解】

空处为段落主题句。根据下文“Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter heading,etc（查看目录、前言、章节标题等。）”可知，本段主要讲述在阅读一本书之前要先浏览一下大致内容。B项：Spend a few minutes looking through the book.（花几分钟浏览一下这本书。）符合语境。故选B。

【19题详解】

根据上文“If you decide that you need to read the whole book, decide how much you can read at a time.（如果你决定要读完整本书，决定一下你一次能读多少。）”和下文“A history book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one dealing with scientific subjects.（以故事形式包含事实的历史书比科学题材的书更容易阅读。）”可知，看书时间的长短取决于书的类型。C项：This depends on the type of book you are reading.（这取决于你读的书的类型。）符合语境。故选C。

【20题详解】

根据段落主题句“Always keep a pencil and paper beside you.（总是在身边放一支铅笔和一张纸。）”可知，本段强调要随时注意记笔记。E项：Make a note of any page which is of special importance.（把任何有特别重要的一页都记下来。）符合语境。故选E。

           第二组

Before COVID-19, self-care — caring for ourselves — may have not been a priority for many people. 16．. There is no exact way to practice self-care. It includes many areas and may look different from person to person. Here are some suggestions on what can be done.

17．

For some people, self-care may be simply slowing down. It can also mean controlling parts of your life that you can control. This is important when the world around you feels out of control.

Learn something new

For some people, self-care might include doing things they have always wanted to do but never made time for. 18．.

Mental health self-care

Another form of self-care is making time to meet with a mental health specialist, if needed. The Associated Press reports that online mental health services have increased during the pandemic. However, meeting with a mental health professional may not be possible for some people. 19．. Meditating, writing about your feelings and problems, and organizing the physical space around you are all forms of self-care.

Be kind to yourself — the best type of self-care

Experts remind us that self-care during the pandemic could feel like riding a rollercoaster — up some days, down on others.

It can help to have a routine — a usual way of doing things. But experts say keep the routine simple. 20．. Remember, be kind to yourself.

A．Never feel out of control

B．Slow down and feel in control

C．But now it is even more important than usual

D．So doctors have suggestions for other ways to reduce stress during the pandemic

E.Self-care includes both individual wellness and the wellness of the greater community

F.It is also important not to be hard on yourself if you do not keep to your routine every day

G.These things include baking, gardening, and learning a new language or some other new skills

【答案】

16．C     17．B     18．G     19．D     20．F

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。在COVID-19之前，自我护理——照顾自己——可能不是许多人的优先事项，但是现在它比平时更重要。文章主要介绍了一些自我照顾的建议。

16．根据上文“Before COVID-19, self-care — caring for ourselves — may have not been a priority for many people.(在COVID-19之前，自我护理——照顾自己——可能不是许多人的优先事项)”结合后文提出了一些自我护理的方法，可知本句与上文构成转折，指出自我护理的重要性。故C选项“但是现在它比平时更重要”符合语境，故选C。

17．根据后文“For some people, self-care may be simply slowing down. It can also mean controlling parts of your life that you can control. This is important when the world around you feels out of control. (对一些人来说，自我护理可能只是慢了下来。它也可以指控制你生活中你能控制的部分。当你感到周围的世界失控时，这一点很重要)”可知，本段关于自我护理的方法是慢下来，B选项中Slow down对应后文中slowing down。故B选项“慢下来，感觉一切尽在掌握”符合语境，故选B。

18．根据小标题“Learn something new(学习新事物)”以及上文“For some people, self-care might include doing things they have always wanted to do but never made time for.(对一些人来说，自我照顾可能包括做一些他们一直想做但从来没有时间做的事情)”可知，本段提出的建议是学习新事物，本句为本段最后一句，应举例说明可以学习哪些新事物。故G选项“这些事情包括烘焙、园艺、学习一门新语言或其他一些新技能”符合语境，故选G。

19．根据上文“However, meeting with a mental health professional may not be possible for some people.(然而，对一些人来说，与心理健康专业人士见面可能是不可能的)”以及后文“Meditating, writing about your feelings and problems, and organizing the physical space around you are all forms of self-care.(冥想，写下你的感受和问题，整理你周围的物理空间，这些都是自我照顾的形式)”可知，上文提到与心理健康专业人士见面不可能，后文则提到了其它自我照顾的方式，可知本句与上文构成因果关系，指出医生对在大流行期间减少压力的其他方法有建议。故D选项“因此，医生对在大流行期间减少压力的其他方法有建议”符合语境，故选D。

20．根据上文“It can help to have a routine — a usual way of doing things. But experts say keep the routine simple.(养成一种例行公事的习惯是有帮助的。但专家表示，保持简单的作息习惯)”可知，上文提到专家建议保持简单的作息习惯，F选项中routine对应上文中routine。故F选项“同样重要的是，如果你不坚持你的日常生活，不要对自己太苛刻”符合语境，故选F。

第三组

 Many people truly want to help a friend who is in pain. But words often fail us at times like these, leaving us stammering (结巴) for the right thing to say. Some people are so afraid to say or do the wrong thing that they choose to do nothing at all.16． There’s no one perfect way to respond or to support someone you care about, but there are some good ground rules.

17． You are not supposed to be a central figure when your friend feels sad. You may say you would have done things differently if this unlucky thing had happened to you. Of course, I hope you don’t get the chance to find out. The unhappiness belongs to your friend. So follow their lead.

Keep in mind that being with someone who is in pain isn’t easy. Your friend cannot show up for their part of the relationship very well, and you will likely get hurt. Don’t take it personally.18． In fact, one of the best things you can do for a friend in sorrow is to forecast their needs. Don’t say, “Call me if there’s anything I can do,” because your friend will not call. What you should do is to make concrete offers: “I will stop by each morning on my way to work and take your dog for a quick walk.” Then show up and do it.

19． Hug your friend, rub their back, and touch their arm. Comfort them with small physical gestures that let them know you care and calm them.

Give them hope. Give your friend hope that things will eventually get better.20．

A．Show your love.

B．Keep your friend at ease.

C．Instead, please be tolerant of them.

D．Remember to play a supporting role.

E.After all, the future will be full of hope.

F.Their heart will heal and life will go on.

G.That’s certainly an option, but it’s not often a good one.

【答案】

16．G     17．D     18．C     19．A     20．F

【详解】

本文是说明文。文章介绍了安慰伤心的朋友的方法。

16.上文讲在面对需要安慰的朋友时，一些人们因担心说错话或做的不合适而选择什么都不做，下文“There’s no one perfect way to respond or to support someone you care about, but there are some good ground rules.(没有一个完美的方式来回应或支持你关心的人，但有一些好的可遵循的基本规则) ”说“有方法，可做”，与上文语意有转折关系。G项“That’s certainly an option, but it’s not often a good one.(这当然是一个选择，但通常不是一个好选择)”中That指代上文“choose to do nothing at all ”，“but it’s not often a good one.”引出下文，该在段中项承上启下。故选G项。

17.设空处是段首中心句。由下文“You are not supposed to be a central figure when your friend feels sad.(当你的朋友感到悲伤时，你不应该成为中心人物)”以及段尾句“So follow their lead.(所以跟着他们走 )”可知，全段讲述的是，安慰悲伤的朋友，不要以自我为中心，要以朋友的感受为主。D项“Remember to play a supporting role.(记住扮演配角 )”符合语境。故选D项。

18.上文说“Keep in mind that being with someone who is in pain isn’t easy. Your friend cannot show up for their part of the relationship very well, and you will likely get hurt. Don’t take it personally.(记住，和一个痛苦的人在一起并不容易。你的朋友可能不能很好地展示他们的角色，你可能会受到伤害。不要认为这是针对你个人的)”中说到陪伴痛苦的朋友可能受到朋友的伤害，但不要认为是针对你，C 项“Instead, please be tolerant of them.(相反，请包容他们)”讲要包容，意义上与其是顺承关系，且其中代词them指代上文Your friend。故选C项。

19设空处是段首中心句。根据段中内容可知，作者建议用“small physical gestures ”来“let them know you care and calm them.(让他们知道你关心他们，让他们平静下来)”，A 项“Show your love.(表达你的爱)”语意相关，其中Show指的就是文中“Hug your friend, rub their back, and touch their arm”行为。故选A项。

20. 上文“Give your friend hope that things will eventually get better.(给你的朋友希望，事情最终会好起来)”主要是说给朋友希望，让朋友明白一切最终都会好起来，F项“Their heart will heal and life will go on.(他们的心会自愈，生活也会继续)”与上文是顺承关系，是给朋友希望的结果。故选F项。

                                           第四组

 For decades, doctors have warned patients that too much salt can be bad for the heart. Heart attack has long been considered a grown-up problem. 16． Eating too much salty food when you're young can lead to health problems later.

Salt is made up of two elements: sodium and chlorine 伟内禾口氯）.Dietary guidelines recommend that adults and kids aged 9-13 shouldn't consume more than about a teaspoon of sodium daily. 17． This worries doctors because too much sodium results in the body producing more blood. To pump the extra blood, the heart has to work harder. This causes a rise in blood pressure 一- a measurement of how stressed the heart is. High blood pressure often leads to heart disease.

A kid with high blood pressure is more likely to become a grown-up with high blood pressure.

18． British researchers recently found that kids who eat less salt also drink fewer sugary soft drinks. Drinking fewer fizzy （碳酸）drinks makes kids less likely to gain weight, become obese and develop high blood pressure.

19． A recent study found that a growing number of kids in the US are suffering from kidney stones （肾结石）.This painful condition usually affects people aged over 40. Now, kids as young as five are getting it.

Cutting down on salt can be hard, but you can retrain yourself to prefer less salty food. The best way to reduce the amount of sodium you eat is to make changes gradually. 20． Switch to fresh foods instead of canned and bottled versions. And go easy on the condiments （调味品）.You might also want to start reading nutrition labels. You may be surprised to learn that there are 1,150 mg of sodium in a double cheeseburger, and over 2,000 mg in many frozen meals.

A．Salt isn't the only cause of diseases.

B．The average American eats twice this amount.

C．Salt can affect more than just your heart and weight.

D．Reducing salt might also help stop childhood obesity.

E.But new research suggests that salt is starting to affect children.

F.Start by adding half as much salt to your dinner as you normally do.

G.Cutting down on salt now can lower a person's risk of heart disease.

【答案】

16．E    17．B    18．D    19．C    20．F

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。新的研究表明，盐开始影响儿童。文章介绍了过度的盐摄入量会给儿童健康带来的不良影响，并提出如何减少盐摄入量的建议。

16．前文“Heart attack has long been considered a grown-up problem.”(心脏病一直被认为是一个成年人的问题。)和选项E中的“salt is starting to affect children”(盐开始影响到儿童)构成转折关系，对应选项E中的转折词but，根据后文“Eating too much salty food when you're young can lead to health problems later.”(当你小的时候，吃太多咸的食物会导致以后的健康问题。)可知，此处是指小时候吃太多盐会有不好的影响，所以选项E“但新的研究表明，盐开始影响儿童。”切合文意。故选E。

17．根据前文“Dietary guidelines recommend that adults and kids aged 9-13 shouldn't consume more than about a teaspoon of sodium daily.”(膳食指南建议，成年人和9-13岁的孩子每天摄入的钠不应该超过一茶匙。)可知，选项B中的this amount是指一茶匙，根据后文“This worries doctors because too much sodium results in the body producing more blood.”(这让医生们很担心，因为过量的钠会导致身体产生更多的血液。)可知，人们普遍的钠摄入量都超过了每天一茶匙，所以选项B“美国人的平均摄入量是这个的两倍。”切合文意。故选B。

18．根据后文“British researchers recently found that kids who eat less salt also drink fewer sugary soft drinks. Drinking fewer fizzy(碳酸) drinks makes kids less likely to gain weight, become obese and develop high blood pressure.”(英国研究人员最近发现，少吃盐的孩子也少喝含糖软饮料。少喝碳酸饮料会降低孩子体重、肥胖和高血压的可能性。)可知，此处是讲减少盐摄入量有助于阻止肥胖问题，所以选项D“减少盐摄入量也可能有助于阻止儿童肥胖。”切合文意。故选D。

19．根据后文“A recent study found that a growing number of kids in the US are suffering from kidney stones”(最近的一项研究发现，美国越来越多的孩子患有肾结石)可知，此处是讲除了前文中提到的肥胖和心脏问题之外，还会有其它的问题。所以选项C“盐影响的不仅仅是你的心脏和体重。”切合文意。故选C。

20．根据前文“The best way to reduce the amount of sodium you eat is t make changes gradually.”(减少钠摄入量的最好方法是逐步改变。)和后文“Switch to fresh foods instead of canned and bottled versions.”(换吃新鲜食品，而不是罐装和瓶装食品。)可知，此处是讲如何逐步减少钠摄入量。所以选项F“开始时，在你的晚餐中加入平常一半的盐。”切合文意。故选F。

第五组

Ways to protect eyes from screens

Too much screen time may cause serious eye strain (眼疲劳) and even a sharp decline of eyesight. That's a big problem a lot of people are faced with nowadays, especially those who work on a computer. The following tips may be helpful.

Get regular eye tests

Experts recommend having a comprehensive eye exam every year to detect (探测) problems before they develop. During this test, you should tell the doctor how often you use your phone and your computer. 16． Tell your doctor about it, and your eyes can be tested more accurately at that distance.

Give your eyes space

17． Studies on computer-related eye strain suggest that screens should be no closer than 40 cm from your face. If this makes it hard for you to read, consider increasing the size of the text rather than moving the screen closer.

Take breaks

This may not always be practical if you're quite busy, but it's important not to stare directly at a screen for too long. 18． While surveys have shown that many office workers take no more than half an hour a day away from their computer, it's recommended that you take a 15-minute break after every two hours spent at your screen.

19．

Staring at a screen continuously for hours on end may make it difficult for you to focus. To avoid this, many eye experts recommend the “20-20-20 rule” — looking away from your phone/computer screen every 20 minutes and focusing on an object at least 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds. The science behind his trick is that looking at objects at a distance relaxes the focusing muscle in the eye. 20．

A．Exercise your eyes.

B．Give your eyes a chance to rest.

C．Make your screen more eye-friendly.

D．Studies show it's an effective way to reduce tiredness.

E.You should also measure the distance from your eyes to your screen at work.

F.The closer your phone/computer screen is to your eyes, the harder they have to work to focus.

G.Make sure that you use your phone or computer in a room where the lighting is bright enough.

【答案】

16．E    17．F   18．B    19．A    20．D

【分析】

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了当今许多人面临的一个大问题——经常面对电子屏幕导致眼睛疲劳，文章提出了几种保护眼睛免受屏幕伤害的方法。

16．通过下文“Tell your doctor about it, and your eyes can be tested more accurately at that distance. (把这件事告诉你的医生，这样你的眼睛就能在这个距离上得到更准确的检测)”可知，作者建议将距离告诉医生，以寻求更准确的检测，可推知，上文是建议大家测距离。E项“你还应该在工作时测量眼睛到屏幕的距离。”符合文意，且E项中的“distance”与下文一致。故选E项。

17．通过本段标题“Give your eyes space (给你的眼睛留点空间)”可知，本段主要建议给眼睛留点空间。下文“that screens should be no closer than 40 cm from your face (屏幕距离脸部的距离不应小于40厘米)”说明屏幕与脸部之间应该保持适当距离。F项“手机或电脑屏幕离你的眼睛越近，你的眼睛就越难聚焦。”指出了眼睛离手机或电脑屏幕近的危害，引出了下文应保持适当距离的建议，符合文意。故选F项。

18．上文“it's important not to stare directly at a screen for too long (不要长时间盯着屏幕很重要)”建议人们不要长时间盯着屏幕，设空处承上启下。下文“it's recommended that you take a 15-minute break after every two hours spent at your screen (建议你每看两个小时屏幕后休息15分钟)”建议人们适当休息。B项“给你的眼睛一个休息的机会。”承上启下，符合文意。故选B项。

19．通过下文“To avoid this, many eye experts recommend the “20-20-20 rule” — looking away from your phone/computer screen every 20 minutes and focusing on an object at least 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds. (为了避免这种情况，许多眼科专家推荐“20-20-20规则”，也就是每20分钟让眼睛离开手机或电脑屏幕，盯着20英尺（约合0.9米）以外的物体看至少20秒)”可推知，本段主要建议大家锻炼眼睛来缓解疲劳。A项“锻炼你的眼睛。”符合段意。故选A项。

20．上文“The science behind his trick is that looking at objects at a distance relaxes the focusing muscle in the eye. (这个把戏背后的科学原理是，看远处的物体会放松眼睛的聚焦肌肉)”解释了为什么“20-20-20规则”可以放松眼睛，缓解疲劳。D项“研究表明这是减少疲劳的有效方法。”承接上文，符合文意。故选D项。

                                              第六组

Open an app at your smart phone and scan the code bar on the garbage can. When you throw garbage into the garbage can, it will show the weight of the garbage and the points you can get from doing so. 16． It will become more popular in the future. Yes, we are talking about the smart garbage can.

17． The environmental problems have become constant headaches in the development of those cities. Encouraging garbage classification has become an effective way.

In some cities, a variety of multifunctional smart garbage cans are being put into use. In Beijing, for example, a smart garbage can is equipped with an LED screen, which not only shows national policies on garbage classification but also shows the correct steps for garbage sorting. It can also calculate the weight of the garbage and the accumulated points one can get. They can be traded for some articles of daily use. 18． Its body is actually a screen. It is equipped with some Internal sensors. When people throw garbage into it, the internal sensors can automatically tell the types of the garbage. Meanwhile, people can see how to deal with them. 19．

Garbage disposal is a small issue that involves everybody each day. However, it is also a big issue.20． With smart garbage cans in our daily life, the idea of garbage sorting will become more established. Our dream of building a greener and more beautiful China will come true so long as we start to make small changes right now.

A．Garbage sorting has been a new fashion.

B．Another kind of garbage can is even smarter.

C．It is no wonder that residents cheered for their presence.

D．Such a way of handling garbage has appeared in some cities.

E.It will affect China’s transformation towards green development.

F.Over 200 million tons of garbage is produced each year in some cities.

G.The good habit of garbage classification can improve the living environment.

【答案】

16．D    17．F    18．B     19．C     20．E

【分析】

这是一篇说明文，本文主要介绍了智能垃圾桶在城市的试用，并有望得到推广，有助于中国的绿色发展转型。

16．根据上文“Open an app at your smart phone and scan the code bar on the garbage can. When you throw garbage into the garbage can, it will show the weight of the garbage and the points you can get from doing so.（在智能手机上打开一个应用程序，扫描垃圾桶上的条形码。当你把垃圾扔进垃圾桶时，它会显示垃圾的重量和你可以从中得到的分数。）”可知，上文谈到了扫码扔垃圾的方式，D项中提到的 “Such a way of handling garbage” 与之呼应。故选D。

17．根据下文“The environmental problems have become constant headaches in the development of those cities. Encouraging garbage classification has become an effective way.（环境问题一直是这些城市发展中令人头疼的问题。鼓励垃圾分类已经成为一种有效的方式。）可知，下句提到在城市的发展过程中环境问题成为令人头疼的问题。F项指出了中国的环境问题，即“每年中国的一些城市造成2亿多吨垃圾”。故选F。

18．根据本段首句“In some cities, a variety of multifunctional smart garbage cans are being put into use.（在一些

城市，各种多功能智能垃圾桶正在投入使用。）”可知，该段主要讲述两种智能垃圾桶，设空处前介绍了装有LED屏幕的垃圾桶，设空处后介绍了装有感应器的垃圾桶，此种垃圾桶更加智能。B项：Another kind of garbage can is even smarter.（另一种垃圾桶更聪明。）符合语境。故选B。

19．根据本段首句“In some cities, a variety of multifunctional smart garbage cans are being put into use.（在一些城市，各种多功能智能垃圾桶正在投入使用。）”可知，该段主要讲述两种智能垃圾桶，空处对它们的出现给予评价。C项：It is no wonder that residents cheered for their presence.（难怪居民们都为它们两种垃圾桶的出现而欢呼）符合语境。故选C。

20．根据上文“Garbage disposal is a small issue that involves everybody each day. However, it is also a big issue.（垃圾处理是一个每天涉及到每个人的小问题。然而，这也是一个大问题。）”可知，上文指出垃圾处理也是个大问题，本句应该进一步解释。E项：It will affect China’s transformation towards green development.（它会影响中国向绿色发展转型）指出了具体的问题。故选E。