第1讲 不定式 -2022年高考英语二轮复习高频考点非谓语动词巧学巧练

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“高考英语精品课程”   非谓语动词第一讲： 不定式兴趣导入：同学们，非谓语动词难吗？有多难？（难到很多学生欲哭无泪）。对此，作为老师的我难道就会袖手旁观，看你们笑话吗？不会的。一分钟搞定信不信。接下来，就是我们一起见证奇迹的时刻到了！那么What’s the secret? How many kinds / forms of non-finite verbs are there in English?知识点回顾1、定义：（1）什么是谓语动词？She won the gold medal of the 2008 Olympic games .切记：在 一个简单句中有且只能有一个谓语动词。（2）什么又是非谓语动词？非谓语动词长什么样子？试着分析下面的句子成分。The wise man always encourages his students to learn more and think more .Learning English well is not a big deal .I am used to getting up early in nthe morning .To make more progress in English learning , she decides to study even harder than before .I often see some children play games under the tree .China is a developing country ,and the US is a developed country .非谓语动词的三种形式有：_____________ ____________ _____________非谓语动词的时态语态和句法功能种类时态主动语态被动语态主语宾语宾补表语定语状语不定式一般式to doto be done  VVVVVV进行式to be doing    X完成式to have doneto be have done动名词一般式doingbeing doneVV VV 完成式having donehaving been done现在分词一般式doingbeing done  VVVV完成式having donehaving been done过去分词一般式  Xdone  VVVV专题精讲；动词不定式主语To speak English well isn’t an easy job.宾语They decided to change their mind.宾语补足语He helps the little girl to finish her homework every day.定语He is always the first to come and the last to leave.表语Our plan is to set up another middle school for the children.状语目的Every morning he gets up very early to exercise.结果He arrived at the airport to learn the flight had already gone考点1. 不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其结构为：It＋be＋adj.＋(for / of sb.)＋动词不定式。注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如：To learn English well is useful. → It is useful ________(learn) English well. It’s important for us __________(protect) the environment. It’s very kind ______ you to help me.It’s very clever ________you to do like that. It is very difficult _______ me to finish so much work in such a short term.It took years of work _____________(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.考点2：不定式作宾语(1)一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like，like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。Would you like __________ (see) a film this evening? They failed _____________(grasp) the importance of his words.She never seemed ________(care) what the rest of us thought about her. (2)在find，think后面接不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。I find ____ easy to read English every day. A. it             B. that             C. its          D. is (3)常见的一些不带to的动词不定式：could/would/will you please (not) do…had better(not) do…，why not do…，would rather do，情境记忆：张同学对王同学说能不能和他一起打王者荣耀，王同学说他最好不要去打游戏，因为他们马上就初三了，不能再浪费时间了。王同学又说他们为什么不去补课呢？补课不仅有好的老师，还有好的学习方法，他宁愿在暑假努力学习，提高他的英语。变式训练：Could you please ________(play) computer games with me this afternoon?You had better __________（not play）computer games any more .Why not ________ (go) to Daishi to have a wonderful English class ?I would rather ________(stay) there to make more progress in my English study .. 考点3：不定式作宾语补足语tell，ask，want，allow，get，would like，encourage等词后面常接动词不定式作宾语补足语。不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。Lucy asked him______________(turn down) the radio. My mother encourages me ________( learn) Japanese. Passengers are permitted ___________(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.Energy drinks are not allowed ____________(make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. 注意：易错点1：一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear，listen to)、三让(let，make，have)、四看(look at，see，watch，notice)、半帮助(help)。但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如：The boss made them _______(work) the whole night. They were made _________(work) the whole night by the boss.The librarian will let you to know when the book has returned. 改错He was observed ________________(enter) the office silently.易错点2：下列句型常省略to：may as well do sth; had better do, do nothing but do sth; can’t help but do sth. Why not do sth? prefer to do…rather than do sth, would rather do…than do…等。Rather than ______(ride) on a crowded bus, he always prefers　_______(ride) a bicycle. I lost my keys in the office so I could do nothing but to wait for my mother. 改错易错点3：在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符号to。注意，不定式后面是动词be时，be应保留。单句改错：The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to do.  As we all know, China is no longer the country it used to.  考点4：不定式作定语（重点）(1)      不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。The ability _________ an idea is as important as the idea itself.(express)(2)      如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。There is nothing __________(worry) about. 没有什么可担心的。The meeting___________(hold)now/_______(hold)yesterday/_________(hold)tomorrow is very important.考点5：不定式作状语（重点）（1）不定式作目的状语，多用于to do, so as to do, in order to do结构。注意逻辑主语一致性，位于句末前边不能有逗号。The local government has done everything it can __________(save) the buried miners.With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank __________ presents for my dad.(buy)（2）不定式作结果状语，多用于too…to, enough to do, only to do, so…as to, such as to等结构。 George returned after the war, only ________that his wife had left him.(tell)I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _________.(breathe)(3) 不定式用于be+ adj+to do构成的反射不定式，不定式主动形式表示被动意义。 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _________ (breathe). Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier __________ (break) into small pieces.考点6：特殊结构的不定式too…to…结构She was too ________(surprise) to see how angry her father was.not＋不定式The teacher told the students ___________( not play) soccer on the road.疑问词+不定式作主语How________( solve) the problem is very important.作宾语He didn’t know what __________(say).作表语The question is where ________(find) the water.for＋名词(代词的宾格)＋不定式It is necessary for us ________( learn) from each other.of＋名词(代词的宾格)＋不定式It is very kind of you __________(help) me with my English.不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如：The teacher is telling the students what to do. He didn’t know where to go.  (where to go＝where he should go)考点7：不定式的否定式、完成式和被动式 （以动词do为例）（不咋常考）内容主动语态被动语态否定式一般式to doto be donenot to do完成式to have doneto have been donenot to have doneThe girl pretended _____________(read) the book when the teacher came in.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle ___________(hear). 巩固练习 1.It is possible  ______ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.【答案】to walk【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。2.After ______ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we…【答案】spending【解析】考查动名词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处After为介词，故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故填spending。3.It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ______ (educate)about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics…【答案】educated【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知，educate与traveler之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，故填educated。4.Minimize the impact of _____(visit)the place.【答案】visiting 【解析】考查动名词。句意：最大限度地减少拜访这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词of可知，空格处应填动名词形式来作介词of的宾语。故填visiting。5.Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim ________(have) a low impact on the natural environment.【答案】to have【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aim to do译为“旨在，目的是”。故填to have。 6.But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ______(astonish).【答案】astonished【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾非谓语动词。故填astonished。7.…where you can sit down to rest your ____8____ (ache) legs.【答案】aching【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知，此处应用现在分词aching“疼痛的”修饰名词legs，意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。8.A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over ___8___ （plant）flowers in the front yard. 【答案】to plant【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝·托德·华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语；根据句意可知，此处是目的状语；目的状语用动词不定式表示；提示词plant的不定式形式为to plant。故填to plant。9.Their answers also show that they dislike talk to others.【答案】talk→talking【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们的答案也表明他们不喜欢和其他人说。固定短语dislike doing sth.，意为“不喜欢做某事”，doing为动名词作宾语。故talk改为talking。10.Every piece of plastic _____ (create) will remain in the environment in some form, but…【答案】created【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：每一块被制造出来的塑料都将以某种形式留在环境中，但如果你图方便把它扔掉，风和径流就会把垃圾带入下水道，直接流入海洋，影响海洋生物，包括鱼类，人类的主要食物来源。分析句子结构可知create在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语plastic构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语。故填created。                                       非谓语动词专练11. I didn't mean ___________(eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help__________(try) it.12. Sarah, who has taken part in shows, wants______(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.13. After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on         (thank) all the people who had helped in her career.14. Birds singing is sometimes a warning to other birds __________(keep) away.15. The latest information confirms my belief that he is_____________(blame) for the accident.16. We’d better not to miss the chance to enjoy the play. 17. It is considerate for him to inform me of the date for the meeting.18. There are five pairs to choose, but I'm at a loss which to buy. 19. It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness to make.20. That’s the only way we can imagine reduce the overuse of water in bathrooms. 答案：to eat; trying 12. to prove 13. to thank 14. to keep 15. to blame 去掉第一个to   for改为of  choose后加from make改为be made  reduce前加to 拓展练习语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The history of Chinese garden architecture dates  61     the Shang and Zhou dynasties. During that period, Chinese kings and the nobility began developing forests and woods for hunting, which could 62    (see) as early gardens. The Han Dynasty advanced the concept of these "natural gardens" by adding living quarters and animals.Traditional Chinese garden architecture was well developed in the Tang Dynasty. During this era, the 63    (construct) of beautiful gardens developed into what would include man-made hills, pools, and fountains. 64     time went on, this man-made beauty was able to successfully mix well with the beauty of the natural environment.The Ming Dynasty 65    (follow) by the Qing Dynasty saw the heyday (最兴盛的时期) of Chinese garden architecture. Especially in the Qing Dynasty, emperors gathered skillful craftsmen (工匠) from all over the country 66    (create) even more complicated gardens. Gardens in this period were no longer 67    (mere) places for fun, but also served as areas   68     more formal ceremonies could take place.Also, gardens in different regions of China have different styles. In northern China, they're large and often designed in scenic mountain areas. The Summer Palace is a typical example. The gardens in the south are 69   (small) than those in the north but no less delicate. Famous gardens 70     (belong) to this type are popular in Jiangsu Province, such as Li Garden and the Lion Forest Garden.答案：61. from       62. be seen   63.construction   64.As       65. followed  66.  to create   67. merely   68. where      69.  smaller   70. belonging  解析：61. from  起源于，追溯到……62. be seen 被视作……“could be done”情态动词被动语态63. construction  作句子的主语，用名词形式64. As  引导时间状语从句，表“随时间流逝……”65. followed  句子的谓语动词是“saw”，该空作非谓语的用法，用by的提示，表被动的逻辑关系66. to create  作目的状语，由不定式充当。67. merely   修饰谓语动词“were”，不仅仅是……68. where   定语从句，修饰先行词areas69. smaller  其后有than作为提示，表示南北园林建筑的差别70. belonging  非谓语动词作后置定语B. 短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写岀该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写岀修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。The annual English Festival, which was lasted one week, has just ended. There were all kinds of colorful activities, included an English speech competition. Last Friday, we had an honor of inviting Professor Smith to deliver a lecture on English cultural background information, such as English idiom. He was very learned and humorous that he began his lecture with an amusing story to attract the attention of the audience and all of us was deeply impressed with his wisdom. We admired him and took notes carefully, for he made himself understood with speaking slowly and clearly enough for us to follow her. He gave us some practically ways to develop the sense of language and encouraged us to keep speaking English as much possible in our daily life. 答案：The annual English Festival, which was lasted one week, has just ended. There were① all kinds of colorful activities,included an English speech competition. Last Friday, we ②includinghad an honor of inviting Professor Smith to deliver a lecture on English cultural③the background information, such as English idiom. He was very learned and humorous that ④idioms       ⑤so   he began his lecture with an amusing story to attract the attention of the audience and all of  us was deeply impressed with his wisdom. We admired him and took notes carefully, for he  ⑥were made himself understood with speaking slowly and clearly enough for us to follow her. He ⑦by                                              ⑧himgave us some practically ways to develop the sense of language and encouraged us to keep             ⑨practical speaking English as much possible in our daily life.  ⑩       as