精品解析：天津市南开中学2021-2022学年高三下学期第四次学情调研英语试题（解析版）

这是一份精品解析：天津市南开中学2021-2022学年高三下学期第四次学情调研英语试题（解析版），共36页。
南开中学2022届高三年级学情调查
英语试题
本试卷分第1卷（选择题）、第II卷（非选择题），共150分，考试用时 100分钟。第I卷1至16页，第II卷第17页至18页。考生务必将客观题答 案涂写在答题卡上，将主观题答在答题纸上。在试卷上答题无效。
祝各位考生考试顺利!
第I卷（130分）
第一部分：听力（20分）
第一节
听下面五段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选 项中选出最佳选项，井标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟 的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the woman want to do?
A. See a machine. B. Help the man. C. Buy a drink.
2. What is most probably the woman?
A. A teacher. B. A writer. C. An actress.
3. What is the possible relationship between the speakers?
A. Interviewer and applicant.
B. Teacher and student.
C. Doctor and patient.
4. What does the woman mean?
A. She wants to have some cake.
B. She doesn't like chocolate.
C. She likes to make cake.
5. What do we learn about the mail?
A. He lost his jacket.
B. He didn't know it would be cold.
C. He misunderstood the weather report.
第二节
听下面几段材料。每段材料后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读 各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段材 料读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6至第8小题。
6. Where do the speakers sit?
A. By the window. B. Near the door C. In the comer.
7. What does the woman want to order?
A. Beef and salad. B. Cheese and black tea. C. Sandwich and coffee
8. How much is the black tea?
A. $1.5. B. $25 C. $5.
听下面一段对话，回答第9至第H小题。
9. Why does the boy enjoy Unit 3?
A. It’s easier. B. It's less boring. C. Its more important.
10. What makes the boy like Professor Jones most?
A. His honesty, B. His way of teaching. C. His wide knowledge.
11. Which way of study does the boy prefer?
A, Pair work. B. Group work. C. Individual work.
听下面一段独白，回答第12至第15小题。
12. What tours are available?
A. Nature and historical tours.
B. Nature and adventure tours.
C. Historical and adventure tours.
13. When will the bus to the lakes get back?
A. At4： 30p.m. B. At6： 30p.m. C. At8： 30p.m.
14. Why do visitors to the castle have to wear soft shoes?
A. To protect the floors.
B. To make less noise.
C. To avoid hurting their feet.
15. Who is probably the speaker?
A. A headmaster. B. A tour guide. C. A manager.
第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分50分）.
第一节、单项填空(共30小题，每小题1分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出适合空白处的最佳选项。
1. If people keep polluting the ocean, no creature there will survive ______.
A. at all cost B. for a long while
C. in the long run D. by no means
【1题答案】
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查副词短语。句意：如果人们一直污染海洋的话，从长远来看 ，没有生物能够幸存。A. at all cost不惜以任何代价；B. for a long while很长时间；C. in the long run从长远来看；D. by no means决不。根据句意可知，海洋污染对生物的影响，故选C。
2. Mr. Wilson is a man of patience and kindness, and his good temper never ______ him.
A. fails B. disappoints
C. controls D. worries
【2题答案】
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Mr. Wilson是一个善良又耐心的人，同时一直脾气都很好。A. fails (品质或能力)有负于;(使)不如愿;不够；B. disappoints使失望；C. controls控制；D. worries担忧。故选A。
3. -- Did Jim come?
-- I don’t know. He _______ while I was out.
A. might have come B. might come
C. must have come D. should have come
【3题答案】
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词推测用法。句意：Jim来了吗？--我不知道，在我不在的时候，可能来过。根据前文I don’t know.可知，说话者不知道Jim来没来，因此后文推测来过，但是语气很不确定，故可知选A。对过去情况的推测 为情态动词+have done，must have done 一定做了某事，should have done 应该来过，不符合，故选A。
【点睛】情态动词+have+过去分词的用法，表示推测或判断过去的情况。
can/could+have+过去分词用法：①多用于否定句和疑问句中。表示对过去某事发生的可能性的否定或质疑，意为：不可能（已经）......了-（否定句）/可能（已经）......了嘛？-（疑问句）②用于肯定句中。表示对过去没有做某事的遗憾，含有轻微的责备，意为：本来可以......的（但实际上没有......）。You could have done better, but you were too careless.（肯定句。他能做得更好的）
should/ought to+have+过去分词用法：用于肯定句中。表示对过去没有做某事的遗憾，含有责备的意思，意为：本来应该......的（但实际上没有......）。用于否定句中-表示对过去已经做了某事的责备，意为：本来不应该......的（但实际上已经......了）。He should have been asleep.（肯定句，他本应去睡觉的）He shouldn't have been asleep.（否定句，他本来不应该去睡觉的）。
may/might+have+过去分词用法：用于肯定句和否定句中，表示对过去发生某事的可能性的推测，意为：或许（已经）....../或许还没有......。It is too late. He may have gone to bed.
must+have+过去分词用法：表示对过去发生的事情十分肯定的推测。must表示推测时，不能用在否定句和疑问句中。I must have forgotten to tell you.（must 的引入，表达了说话者对过去忘记告诉你的这件事肯定推测）
needn't+have+过去分词
用法：表示对过去已经做了某事的后悔，意为：本来可以不必......的（可实际上却已经......）You needn't have taken a taxi here, for it was very near to my home.
4. -- I prefer a computer made in your company, but I may need some more information about the product.
-- ______.
A. Thank you B. It’s a pleasure
C. You are welcome D. At your service
【4题答案】
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查交际用语。句意：我更喜欢贵公司的电脑，但是我仍需要更多的信息。--，随时为您效劳。B. It’s a pleasure 很荣幸；C. You are welcome不客气；D. At your service随时为您效劳。分享句子可知，该对话发生在客户与服务人员，故选 D。
5. —Would you mind moving over a little? I have to pass here.
—________ I’d like to help.
A. Not in the slightest. B. Don’t mention it.
C. Never mind. D. At your service.
【5题答案】
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查交际用语。句意：——你介意稍微移动一下吗？我要从这里过去。——一点也不介意，我很愿意帮忙。A. Not in the slightest根本不；B. Don’t mention it不客气；C. Never mind没关系；D. At your service愿意为您服务。由“I’d like to help”可知，作者一点也不介意。故A选项正确。
6. This was returned because the person ________ this letter was addressed had died three years ago.
A. to whom B. to which
C. which D. whom
【6题答案】
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查介词+关系代词。句意：这封信被退回来是因为收信人三年前去世了。分析句子可知，the person为先行词，在后面的定语从句中，作介词的宾语，而定语从句中涉及be address to sb“给……写信”。所以介词为to。故A选项正确。
【点睛】定语从句中关系词的选择可考虑以下三点：
(1) 一看先行词的意义，即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等)。
(2) 二看关系词的句法功能，即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose，有时也用which；作状语要用when, where, why)；
(3) 三看定语从句的种类，即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句)。
分析本句可知，the person为先行词，在后面的定语从句中，作作介词的宾语。而定语从句中涉及be address to sb “给...写信”。所以介词为to。故A选项正确。
7. Hearing the news, she rushed out, ________ the book ________ on the table and disappeared into the distance.
A. left; lain open B. left; lay opened
C. leaving; lie opened D. leaving; lying open
【7题答案】
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：听见这个消息，她冲了出去，留在书本打开着放在桌子上，就消失在远处了。第一空leave与she构成主动关系，使用现在分词的形式。第二空the book与lie构成主动关系，还是使用现在分词的形式，open是形容词表示状态，lying open是宾语补足语，对the book进行补充说明。故D选项正确。
【点睛】leave的几种用法
leave除了离开之外，还有以下几种用法：
一、作"留下"、"丢下"、"落下",常表示某物落在/忘在某地。
二、 表示"留给"、"交给",一般与介词with或to搭配。
三、 leave作使役动词,表示"使/ 让……保持某种状态"。
① 用形容词作宾语补足语
② 用不定式作宾语补足语
③ 用现在分词作宾语补足语
④ 用过去分词作宾语补足语
⑤ 还可用名词、介词短语等作宾语补足语
四、 leave的过去分词left,常用作后置定语,表示"剩下的"。
五、 leave还可作名词,表示"休假"、"假期"。
分析句子可知，leave作使役动词,表示"使/ 让……保持某种状态"。第一空leaving是一个现在分词做状语的用法，因为leave与he构成主动关系，就使用现在分词的形式。第二空the book与lie构成主动关系，还是使用现在分词的形式，open是一个形容词表示状态，Lying open是宾语补足语，对the book进行补充说明。故D选项正确。
8. ________ some teenagers don’t realize is ________ difficult life can be after they get addicted to drugs.
A. That; how B. Which; what a
C. What; what D. What; how
【8题答案】
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查连接词。句意：青少年所意识不到的是他们染上毒瘾后生活会变得多么艰难。分析句子可知，第一空是主语从句，从句中realize缺少宾语所以用关系代词what来充当宾语，表示“所……的”；第二空是表语从句，此句是一个感叹句，空后面的词是形容词difficult所以用how修饰。故D选项正确。
【点睛】what常用来引导名词性从句，即主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。what在引导名词性从句时有两个重要的特点：
一是它在相应的名词性从句中一定有含义，常表示“什么”，“所…的”，“…的样子”等.
二是它在相应的名词性从句中一定做成分，而且常做主语，宾语或表语。
how引导的感叹句有三种结构形式；感叹副词how用来修饰其后的形容词或副词，也可以修饰动词。
　　1．How+形容词+主语+谓语！例如：
　　2．How+副词+主语+谓语！例如：
　　3．How+主语+谓语！例如：
what引导的感叹句也有三种结构形式；感叹形容词what作定语，用来修饰它后面的名词或词组。
　　1．what+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！
　　2．what+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语！
　　3．what+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！
分析句子可知，第一空是主语从句，从句中realize缺少宾语所以用关系代词what来充当宾语。第二空是表语从句，此句是一个感叹句，空后面的词是形容词difficult所以用how修饰。故D选项正确。
9. We’d better take umbrellas—I’m sure it ________ when we arrive in London; it’s always wet there at this time of year.
A. will rain B. is raining
C. will be raining D. would rain
【9题答案】
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我们最好带上雨伞。我肯定当我们到达伦敦时，天气会下雨，每年这个时候那里都是潮湿的。when引导的时间状语从句适用主将从现，故主句用一般将来时，根据“it’s always wet there at this time of year.”可知，此处表将来一段时间内都在发生的动作，应用将来进行时。故选C。
10. —What about your self-drive trip yesterday?
—Tiring! The road was being widened, and we ________ a rough ride.
A. had B. have
C. would have D. have had
【10题答案】
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——你昨天的自驾游怎么样？——令人疲惫！道路正在拓宽，我们经历了一段艰难的旅程。根据语境可知，此处叙述的是昨天发生的情况，应用一般过去时。故选A。
11. —When did you get to know your girlfriend?
—It was in 2015 ________ she was working as a volunteer in Africa.
A. that B. which
C. when D. then
【11题答案】
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句连接词。句意：——你什么时候认识你女朋友的？——是在她在非洲做志愿者的2015年。本句为定语从句修饰先行词2015，且先行词在从句中做时间状语，故用关系副词when。故选C。
12. ---Are you satisfied with his school report?
---Not at all. It couldn’t have been ______.
A. worse B. so bad
C. better D. the worst
【12题答案】
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：--你对他的成绩单满意吗？--一点都不。没有比这更糟的了。根据语境可知，此处是表达最高级，否定词+比较级可以表达最高级。故选A。
13. Is it he or you ________ in charge of the job and supposed to complete it punctually?
A. who is B. that is
C. who are D. whom are
【13题答案】
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句和主谓一致。句意：是你还是他负责这个工作都应该准时完成这个工作？这是强调句的一般疑问句，因为是强调的是人，连接词用that和who都可以，由or连接两个以上主语时，动词和最接近的主语一致，由此可以排除A和B；whom引导定语从句时在从句中作宾语，所以排除D。故C选项正确。
14. China’s soft power grows ________ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.
A. in line with B. in reply to
C. in return for D. in honour of
【14题答案】
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：中国的软实力增长与全球对中国与日俱增的赏识和理解相一致。A. in line with按照；与……一致；B. in reply to答复；C. in return for作为……的报答；D. in honour of为纪念，为庆祝。故选A。
点睛：本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析介词短语的能力。考生平时在学习中多积累之外还需要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还应注意多辨析意思相近的介词短语，重点关注它们用法上的区别。
15. The fellow we spoke ________ no comment at first.
A. to make B. to made
C. made D. to making
【15题答案】
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：和我们说话的那个人一开始没有发表评论。we spoke作the fellow的定语从句，speak不及物，表示和某人谈话应用speak to sb.故该定语从句补充完整为we spoke to，剩余部分为主句，根据spoke可知，主句叙述的是过去的事情，故谓语动词应用made。综上，该空应填to made。B选项正确。
16. A city is the product of the human hand and mind, ________ man’s intelligence and creativity.
A. resembling B. reflecting C. reviewing D. restoring
【16题答案】
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：城市是人类的双手和思想的产物，反映了人的智慧和创造力。A. resembling像；B. reflecting反映；C. reviewing回顾；D. restoring恢复。故选B符合语境。
17. It took _______building supplies to construct these energy saving houses. It took brains, too.
A. other than B. more than
C. rather than D. less than
【17题答案】
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：去建造这些节能房屋不仅仅需要建筑材料，而且需要大脑。A. other than 除了……之外；B. more than多于，不仅仅；C. rather than 而不是；D. less than少于。根据It took brains, too.可知，建造这些节能房屋不只是需要建筑材料。故选B。
18. The art show was ______ being a failure; it was a great success.
A. far from B. along with
C. next to D. regardless of
【18题答案】
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：这次艺术展不是失败，而是成功的。A. far from远非，完全不；B. along with与……一起；C. next to几乎，差不多；D. regardless of不管，不顾。根据“it was a great success”可知，这次艺术展不是失败。故选A项。
19. —I hope you enjoyed the film last night.
—How on earth do you know I went to a film? I ______ you
A. won’t tell B. didn’t tell C. haven’t told D. don’t tell
【19题答案】
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：—我希望你喜欢昨晚的电影。—你怎么知道我去看电影了？我没告诉你。根据语境，此处回答暗指“last night”（昨天晚上）没有告诉你，动词时态用一般过去时。故选B项。
20. — Shall we go for a drink downstairs?
— . Will two o’clock be OK?
A. Sorry, Ｉ’m not available now B. Sure, no problem
C. Sorry, I can’t make it today D. Sure, it’s up to you
【20题答案】
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查情景对话。句意：---我们去楼下喝一杯好吗？-对不起，现在没空。两点可以吗？ Sorry, I’m not available now. 抱歉，现在没空；Sure, no problem当然，没问题；Sorry, I can’t make it today对不起，今天不行；D. Sure, it’s up to you当然，由你决定。根据“两点钟可以吗”可知，现在没空，故选A。
21. ---What are you going to do with the flaw in the vase?
---I can either send a new one to you by express mail or _____ compensate you at a reasonable price.
A. artificially B. accordingly C. alternatively D. consistently
【21题答案】
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：---你打算怎么处理花瓶上的瑕疵？---我可以用特快专递寄一个新的花瓶给你，也可以以合理的价格赔偿你。A. artificially 人 工 地；B. accordingly 因 此，相应地 ；C. alternatively 或 者，要不然；D. consistently 一 贯 地。alternatively“或者，要不然”符合句意。故选C项。
22. I ________ to help you with your homework but I couldn’t spare any time, I ________ a composition last night and I’ll finish it today.
A. wanted; was writing B. wanted; wrote
C. have wanted; wrote D. had wanted; was writing
【22题答案】
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查过去完成时和过去进行时。句意：我本来想帮你做作业的，但我抽不出任何时间，我昨晚在写作文，今天我要把它写完。根据“but I couldn't spare any time”可知，此处是指过去未实现的愿望或打算，应用had wanted表示“本来想”。根据“I’ll finish it today”可知，此处是指昨晚在写作文，所以应用过去进行时。故选D。
23. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Program, one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
A. which B. it’s
C. whose D. whom
【23题答案】
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：1963年，联合国成立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。先行词the World Food Programme在非限制性定语从句作定语，修饰名词purpose，所以用关系代词whose引导。故选C项。
24. 【2018·江苏】Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the _______ you’ve made.
A. assignment B. association
C. acquisition D. assumption
【24题答案】
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行事。A. assignment分配；B. association协会，社团；C. acquisition获得物；D. assumption假设。故选D。
点睛：本题考查名词辨析。名词考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题抓住句中的关键词actually happening（实际发生）和instead of（而不是）可推知，与actually happening相反是“假设”，从而选出正确答案。
25. The beautiful girl chose to teach in a village school, though she ______ in a big city for an easier life.
A. could stay B. could have stayed
C. must have stayed D. must stay
【25题答案】
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词的完成式。句意：这个漂亮的女孩选择在一所乡村学校教书，尽管她本可以留在大城市过更轻松的生活。情态动词的完成式：could have done“本来能做而没有完成”。故选B。
26. ______ we make a decision, in most circumstances, there is no going back.
A. Before B. Until C. Unless D. Once
【26题答案】
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：一旦我们做了决定，在大多数情况下，就没有回头路了。A. Before在……之前；B. Until直到；C. Unless除非；D. Once一旦。引导条件状语从句，表示“一旦”应用once。故选D。
27. _____ the ups and downs in my life, I eventually realized what life was all about.
A. Experienced B. Having experienced
C. To experience D. Experiencing
【27题答案】
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：经历过了生活中的起起落落，我终于意识到了生活的全部意义。非谓语动词experience与主句的主语 I 之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式；是“经历过了，才意识到”，experience动作发生在主句动作realize之前，用完成式，故用现在分词完成式。故选B项。
【点睛】现在分词的完成式
现在分词完成式的基本结构由“having+过去分词”构成 ，常用作状语。
现在分词的完成式的用法
1. 表示非谓语动作先于谓语的动作：即当现在分词所表示的动作先于谓语动作发生时，现在分词就用完成式。
Having written down our names and addresses, the policeman let us go. 那警察把我们的姓名和地址记下之后就让我们走了。（非谓语动作having written down… 发生在先，主句动作let us go在后）
2. 现在分词的一般式和完成式的区别：
现在分词的一般式和完成式均可表示主动的动作，但是现在分词完成式所表示的动作先于主句谓语动作， 现在分词的一般式表示的动作与主句的动作同时发生或紧接着发生。
Having bought our tickets, we went into the theatre. 我们买好票后就进了剧院。
（非谓语动作having bought … 发生在先，主句动作went into…在后）
He lived in the empty house, feeling lonely. 他住在空荡荡的房子里， 感到很孤独。
(现在分词一般式feeling lonely 与主句动作lived in…同时发生，现在分词作伴随状语)
Approaching the city center, we saw a statue 8 meters in height. 接近市中心的时候， 我们看到了一个8米高的雕像。(现在分词一般式approaching the city center 作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句 when we approached the city center,) 与主句动作 saw a statue同时发生)
Having failed twice, he didn’t want to try again. 他已经失败了两次，不想再试了。
（现在分词完成式having failed twice表示原因，相当于原因状语从句As he had failed twice）。
28. —We got here Tuesday afternoon.
—________ Why didn’t you call us earlier?
A. Good luck! B. You did?
C. It’s no surprise. D. You are welcome
【28题答案】
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我们星期二下午到的。——真的假的？你为什么不早点给我们打电话？A.Good luck!祝你好运！ B.You did?真的假的？C.It’s no surprise.这没什么奇怪的；D.You are welcome不客气。根据“Why didn’t you call us earlier?”可知，此处表示对前者的话很惊讶。故选B。
29. It is not always easy for the public to see ________ use a new invention can be of to human life.
A. whose B. what C. which D. that
【29题答案】
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句连接词。句意：对于公众来说看到一项新发明对人类有什么用途并不总是很容易的。what在宾语从句中作定语，意为“什么样的”，A. whose谁的；C. which哪一个；D. that引导名词性从句，没有意义，不作成分，其它三项不合题意。故选B。
30. ____to the students at home, the textbooks enabled them to study more efficiently.
A. Distributing B. Having distributed
C. Being distributed D. Distributed
【30题答案】
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：课本被分发给家里的学生，使他们能更有效地学习。分析句子结构可知distribute在句中作非谓语动词，与逻辑主语textbooks构成被动关系，故用过去分词形式，故排除A/B选项；C选项Being distributed表示“正在被……”，句子没有体现动作正在进行，与前后语境不符。故选D。
第二节、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，先出 最佳选项。
The first time I remember noticing the crossing guard was when he waved to me as I drove my son to school. He___31___me with a puzzle—all because he waved to me like someone does___32___seeing a close friend. A big,___33___smile accompanied his wave. For the next few days I tried to___34___his face to see if I knew him. I didn’t. Perhaps he had___35___me for someone else. By the time I contented myself with the___36___that he and I were strangers, we were greeting each other warmly every morning like old friends.
Then one day the___37___was solved. As I___38___the school he was standing in the middle of the road___39___his stop sign. I was in live behind four cars.____40____the kids had reached the safety of the sidewalk, he lowered his sign and let the cars____41____. To the first he waved and ____42____in just the same way he had done to me over the last few days. The kids already had the window down and were happily waving their reply. The second car got the same ____43____from the crossing guard, and the driver, a stiff-looking (表情刻板的) businessman, gave a brief, almost____44____wave back. Each following car of kids on their way to school____45____more heartily.
Every morning I continued to watch the man with____46____. So far I haven’t seen anyone____47____to wave back. I find it interesting that one person can make such a (n)____48____to so many people’s lives by doing one simple thing like waving and smiling warmly. His____49____armed the start of my day. With a friendly wave and smiling face he had changed the____50____of the whole neighbourhood.
31. A. hit B. disappointed C. presented D. bored
32. A. on B. from C. during D. about
33. A. false B. shy C. apologetic D. bright
34. A. research B. study C. recognize D. explore
35. A. praised B. blamed C. mistaken D. respected
36. A. conclusion B. description C. evaluation D. introduction
37 A. argument B. disagreement C. mystery D. task
38. A. visited B. approached C. passed D. left
39. A. drawing back B. putting on C. handing in D. holding out
40. A. Once B. Before C. Unless D. While
41. A. in B. through C. out D. down
42. A. cried B. cheered C. smiled D. gestured
43. A. idea B. reply C. notice D. greeting
44. A. awkward B. angry C. elegant D. patient
45. A. came B. responded C. hurried D. appeared
46. A. surprise B. frustration C. interest D. doubt
47. A. fail B. try C. wish D. bother
48. A. offer B. sacrifice C. promise D. difference
49. A. effectiveness B. cheerfulness C. carefulness D. seriousness
50. A. trends B. observations C. regulations D. feelings
【31~50题答案】
【答案】31. C 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. C 36. A 37. C 38. B 39. D 40. A 41. B 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. B 46. C 47. A 48. D 49. B 50. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己在送孩子上学的路上遇到的一位交通管理员，他会用挥手和微笑和过往车辆打招呼，并受到人们热烈地回应，他用自己的挥手和微笑带给人们快乐，让整个街区更和谐。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他向我展现了一个谜题，因为他向我挥手，就像某人见到密友时做的那样。A. hit打，击；B. thought思考；C. present展现；D. bored使厌烦。根据下文“he and I were strangers”可知，我们之间是陌生人，但他却像见到密友那样向我挥手，由此可知，他的行为向我展现了一个谜题。故选C项。
【32题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：他向我展现了一个谜题，因为他向我挥手，就像某人见到密友时做的那样。A. on在，向，对；B. from来自；C. during在……期间；D. about关于。根据句意可知，句中涉及固定短语“on doing sth.”，意为“一……就……”，句中表示人们一见到亲密的朋友就会挥手打招呼。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个灿烂的、愉快的笑容伴随着他的挥手。A. false错误的；B. shy害羞的；C. apologetic道歉的；D. bright愉快的。根据上文内容可知，他像见到密友那样向我挥手，由此可知，见到密友应该是露出愉快的笑容。故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几天里，我试图细看他的脸，看看我是否认识他。我不认识。A. research研究；B. study细看，端详；C. recognize认出，承认；D. explore探索。根据句中“to see if I knew him”可知，我想看看我是否认识他，由此可知，我是细看他的脸，看看是否认识他。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许他把我错当成别人了。A. praised表扬；B. blamed责怪；C. mistaken看错，误解；D. respected尊敬。根据上文内容可知，我不认识这个人，由此可知，我认为他把我错当成别人了，“mistake sb. for sb.”意为“把某人错当成某人”。故选C项。
36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我对他和我是陌生人的结论感到满意时，我们每天早上都像老朋友一样热情地互相问候。A. conclusion结论；B. description描述；C. evaluation评价；D. introduction介绍。根据上文内容可知，经过我的仔细判断，我不认识这个人，这是我经过判断得出的结论，由此可知，我对他和我是陌生人的结论感到满意。故选A项。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来有一天，谜团被解开了。A. argument争论；B. disagreement分歧；C. mystery迷，不可理解之事；D. task任务。根据上文内容可知，一个不认识的人一直和作者热情地打招呼，这对作者来说是个谜，由此可知，句中指谜团被解开了。故选C项。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我靠近学校时，他正站在路中间，伸出他的停车标志。A. visited拜访；B. approached靠近；C. passed通过；D. left离开。根据下文“Each following car of kids on their way to school…”可知，作者是送孩子去上学，由此可知，应该是靠近学校。故选B项。
【39题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当我靠近学校时，他正站在路中间，伸出他的停车标志。A. drawing back后退；B. putting on穿上；C. handing in上交；D. holding out伸出。根据下文“he lowered his sign and let the cars.…”可知，在确保孩子们已经走到了安全的人行道上后，他才放下停车标志，由此可知，句中指他伸出停车标志，让车停下来，确保孩子们安全过马路。故选D项。
【40题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：孩子们一走到安全的人行道上，他就放下标牌，让汽车通过。A. Once一……就……；B. Before在……以前；C. Unless除非；D. While当……的时候。句子表示孩子们一走到安全的人行道上，他就放下标牌，“Once”意为“一……就……”，符合语境。故选A项。
【41题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：孩子们一走到安全的人行道上，他就放下标牌，让汽车通过。A. in进入；B. through通过；C. out出去；D. down向下。根据上文内容可知，他伸出停车标志是为了让孩子们安全过马路，由此可知，孩子们一走到安全的人行道上，他就放下标牌，让汽车通过。故选B项。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，他挥手微笑，就像过去几天里他对我做的那样。A. cried哭；B. cheered欢呼；C. smiled微笑；D. gestured做手势。根据上文“A big, _____ smile accompanied his wave”中的“smile”可知，伴随着挥手，他会微笑，由此可知，句中指他挥手微笑，就像过去几天里他对我做的那样。故选C项。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：第二辆车也得到了交通管理员同样的问候，司机是一个表情刻板的商人，他回给他一个短暂的、几乎尴尬的挥手。A. idea主意；B. reply回复；C. notice通知；D. greeting问候。根据上文可知，交通管理员会向司机挥手微笑，“挥手”和“微笑”都是问候的方式。故选D项。
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第二辆车也得到了交通管理员同样的问候，司机是一个表情刻板的商人，他回给他一个短暂的、几乎尴尬的挥手。A. awkward令人尴尬的；B. angry愤怒的；C. elegant优雅的；D. patient有耐心的。根据句中“stiff-looking”和“brief”可知，司机是个表情刻板的人，由此可知，他回给交通管理员一个短暂的、几乎尴尬的挥手。故选A项。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在上学的路上，每一辆跟在后面的车上的孩子们都回应地更热烈。A. came来；B. responded回应；C. hurried匆忙；D. appeared出现。根据上文“The kids already had the window down and were happily waving their reply.”可知，面对交通管理员的挥手微笑，孩子们高兴地挥手回应，由此可知，句中指孩子们面对交通管理员的挥手微笑，都回应地更热烈。故选B项。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天早上我都继续饶有兴趣地看着那个人。A. surprise惊讶；B. frustration沮丧；C. interest兴趣；D. doubt疑惑。根据下文“I find it interesting that”中的“interesting”可知，我觉得交通管理员的做法是有趣的，由此可知，句中指我饶有兴趣地看着他，“with interest”意为“有兴趣地”。故选C项。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：到目前为止，我还没有看到任何人不向他挥手。A. fail未做；B. try尝试；C. wish希望；D. bother打扰。根据上文内容可知，大家对交通管理员的挥手微笑给予热烈的回应，句中用双重否定表肯定，“fail to do”意为“未能做某事”， 没有看到任何人不向他挥手，也就是每个人都向他挥手。故选A项。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我觉得有趣的是，一个人可以通过做一件简单的事情，比如热情地挥手和微笑，对这么多人的生活产生如此大的影响。A. offer报价，建议；B. sacrifice牺牲；C. promise承诺；D. difference不同，变化。根据句意可知，交通管理员简单的挥手和微笑给很多人的生活产生了很大的影响，给人们带去快乐，“make a difference”意为“有影响”。故选D项。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的快乐使我的一天开始了。A. effectiveness效率；B. cheerfulness快乐；C. carefulness仔细；D. seriousness认真。根据上文可知，交通管理员的挥手微笑给人们带去了快乐，由此可知，他的快乐使我的一天开始了。故选B项。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：友好地挥了挥手，面带微笑，他改变了整个街区的感情。A. trends趋势；B. observations观察；C. regulations规则；D. feelings感情。根据上文可知，交通管理员的挥手微笑给人们带去了快乐，由此可知，他用这种方式改变了整个街区的感情。故选D项。
第三部分：阅读理解（共24小题；每小题2.5分，满分6G分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。
A
What’s open?
We are continually reminded of how wonderful and supportive this community is. From local deliveries, the curbside service（路边服务）,the takeout, the outdoor dining, to many more creative ways to serve, Santa Cruz County restaurants and shops are stepping up and they need our support. Take a look at some eateries（饮食店）and shops that are continuing to serve in a safe and kind way.
Want more details on how some businesses are reopening with specific safety measures? Visit our website for the latest information on restaurants, shops, and activities that are leading the way with safe openings.
11th Hour Coffee
Status: Open (7 am - 8 pm)
Carry Out & Delivery
https://1 lthhourcoffbe.com/
Phone: 831-331-5273
Location: 1001 Center St, Santa Cruz-Downtown
Carmona's BBQ Deli & Catering
Status: Open (noon -6:30 pm)
Carry Out & Delivery
https://www.caaiiooasbbcidcli.com/
Phone: 831-761-9160
Location: 1040 e. Lake Ave, Watsonville
Boulder Creek Pizza & Pub
Status: Open (1 lam -9 pm)
Carry Out (curbside available) & Delivery
http://www.bccizzapub.com/
Phone: 831-338-2141
Location: 13200-B Central Ave, Boulder Creek
Avanti Restaurant
Status: Open (4 pm -8 pm)
Carry Out, Limited Indoor Dining & Curbside http://avantisantacruz.squarespace.com/Phone: 831-427-0135
Location: 1917 Mission St, Santa Cruz
Eateries
Retail shops（零售店）
Local retail shops are reopening by the day for in-store shopping, as well as the curbside service, the online purchase, and the delivery. Check out the Shopping Section of our website for many stores offering the safe service!
Indoor dining is not permitted in some places because of the COVED-19 pandemic according to local health and government authorities. Please call individual restaurants before you visit to see if they are able to offer the indoor dining at the time of your visit.
51. What's the author's purpose of writing Paragraph 1?
A. To explain the hardship small businesses suffered.
B. To call on local people to support local businesses.
C. To introduce the development of the small eateries.
D. To show the harmonious relationship between neighbors.
52. Where can people go if they want to eat something in the early morning?
A. 1001 Center St, Santa Cruz. B. 1917 Mission St, Santa Cruz.
C. 1040 e.Lake Ave, Watsonville. D. 13200-B Central Ave, Boulder Creek.
53. What is special about Avanti Restaurant?
A. It provides takeaways. B. It is located in downtown.
C. It has the longest business hours. D. It allows eating inside the restaurant.
54. Which number will you call if you want to order some pizza, near Central Ave?
A. 831-331-5273. B. 831-338-2141. C. 831-761-9160. D. 831-427-0135.
55. What are people advised to do when they plan to eat at an eatery?
A. Check the Shopping Section of the website.
B Take some effective protective measures.
C. Communicate with the restaurant in advance.
D. Get the approval of the local health authorities.
【51~55题答案】
【答案】51. B 52. A 53. D 54. B 55. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍一些商店和餐馆，呼吁当地人去支持，并给出了几家店的服务信息。
【51题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“From local deliveries, the curbside service（路边服务）,the takeout, the outdoor dining, to many more creative ways to serve, Santa Cruz County restaurants and shops are stepping up and they need our support.( 从本地送货，路边服务，外卖，户外用餐到还有很多更有创意的服务方式，Santa Cruz County饭店和一些商店正在不断提高并且他们需要我们的支持)”可知，作者呼吁当地人支持当地的企业。故选B。
【52题详解】
细节理解题。根据题干要求“如果人们想在清晨吃东西，他们去哪里？”可知，应选择营业时间为早上的店。根据文章介绍的第一家“11th Hour Coffee”中“Status: Open (7 am - 8 pm)，Location: 1001 Center St, Santa Cruz-Downtown”可知，可以去这家店吃早餐。故选A。
【53题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Avanti Restaurant”中“Limited Indoor Dining(有限的室内用餐)”而其他几家店里都没有相应的信息，可知，这家店的特殊之处在于可以室内用餐。故选D。
【54题详解】
细节理解题。根据题干要求“如果你在Central Ave附近想要订披萨，你会打哪个电话？”可知，要找地址在Central Ave 的店，根据“Boulder Creek Pizza & Pub”中“Phone: 831-338-2141；Location: 13200-B Central Ave, Boulder Creek”可知，应该打这家店的电话831-338-2141。故选B。
【55题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Please call individual restaurants before you visit to see if they are able to offer the indoor dining at the time of your visit.(请来之前打电话确认他们能否在你来访时提供室内就餐)”可知，当人们想在餐厅吃饭时要提前打电话与饭店沟通。故选C。
B
（B）
I needed to get some money so, after Christmas, I took a job in the clothes department at Graham’s for the first fortnight of the January sale. I can’t say that I enjoyed it, but it was an experience I’ll never forget.
I could never understand why there were so many things in the sales; where did they all come from? Now I know the secret! Firstly, there is the special winter stock (货物) and the stock that people buy all the year round; some of these things are slightly reduced. Secondly, there are the summer clothes they couldn’t sell last year; these are heavily reduced to clear them. Thirdly, there are cheap clothes bought in specially for the sales; these are put out at high prices ten days before the sale begins and then are reduced by 60% in the sale. Clever! Lastly, they buy in “seconds? (clothes not in perfect condition) for the sale and they are sold very cheaply.
When I arrived half an hour before opening on the first day of the sale, there was already a queue around three sides of the building. This made me very nervous.
When the big moment arrived to open the doors, the security guards, looking less confident than usual, came up to them, keys in hand. The moment they had unlocked the doors, they hid behind the doors for protection as the noisy crowd charged in. I couldn’t believe my eyes; this wasn’t shopping, it was a battlefield! One poor lady couldn’t keep her feet and was knocked over by people pushing from behind.
Clothes were flying in all directions as people searched for the sizes, colours and styles they wanted. Quarrels broke out. Mothers were using their small children to crawl(爬行) through people’s legs and get hold of things they couldn’t get near themselves.
Within minutes I had half a dozen people pushing clothes under my nose, each wanting to be the first served. Where had the famous English Queue gone? The whole day continued like that, but I kept my temper(脾气)! I was taking money hand over fist and began to realize why, twice a year, Graham’s were happy to turn their expensive store into a battlefield like this.
In the sale fever, people were spending money like water without thinking whether they needed what they were buying. As long as it was a bargain it was OK.
You won’t believe this but as soon as I got home I crashed out for four hours. Then I had dinner and went back to bed, fearing the sound of the alarm which would tell me to get ready for the second day of the sale.
56. What kind of clothes is likely to be sold 5% cheaper?
A. Last summer’s clothes. B. Clothes not in perfect condition.
C. Clothes bought in specially for the sales. D. Clothes for winter.
57. Which of the following statements is true?
A. The customers gave up the queuing for which the English are famous.
B. The customers kept their temper while looking for clothes they wanted.
C. Small children enjoyed crawling through people’s legs.
D. The security guards were fearless of the crowd.
58. In the author’s opinion, why were Graham’s happy to make their expensive store into “Battlefield?
A. There were too many clothes and they wanted to clear them in the sales.
B. They were eager to show that they were clever at doing business.
C. They could take the chance to raise the prices of all their clothes.
D. They wanted to make more money by having sales.
59. The expression “crashed out” means ________.
A. chatted with her friends B. slept soundly
C. broke down D. dined out
60. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. The Best Bargain. B. Hunting for a job.
C. Sale Fever. D. A Pleasant Fortnight.
【56~60题答案】
【答案】56. D 57. A 58. D 59. B 60. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是记叙文。讲述了作者在圣诞节后在格雷厄姆的服装部工作时看到大家购物热景象的故事。
【56题详解】
细节理解题。第二段中列举了四类降价的衣服及其降价幅度。A选项中的衣服are heavily reduced to clear(清仓) them; C选项中的衣服降价60%；B选项中的衣服are sold very cheaply降幅一定大于5%。故选D。
【57题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段可判断出如果人多，英国人就会放弃排队。故选A。
【58题详解】
推理判断题。从整篇短文的内容可以了解到，使人们相信他们所卖的衣服便宜，许多人来到商店竞相购买衣服，使整个商店变成了一个“战场”。他们这样做的目的就是为了赚钱。故选D。
【59题详解】
词义猜测题。根据上下文来判断，上文提到作者上班时遭遇那么多的人竞相抢购，倒数“Within minutes I had half a dozen people pushing clothes under my nose”，可见劳动强度非常大，所以回到家后作者crashed out，而且作者下文说自己害怕听到提醒自己明天还得继续像这样工作的铃声，还went back to bed，可见crash out应为熟睡。故选B。
【60题详解】
主旨大意题。作者在这篇短文中描写了人们疯狂购物的场面，所以这篇短文的主题应是“购物热”。故选C。
【点睛】因为题干的结构发生了变化，所以重新生成了解析模版。下面是旧的解析，供您参考。上传之前，务必将本段和下面的所有文字全部删除干净。
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C
Tiny as they are, bats have the ability to “see” in the dark by using a special skill called echolocation(回声定位法). They make noises and wait for sound waves, or an echo, to bounce(反弹) back off objects. They can tell the distance of various objects by how quickly the sound waves bounce back off them. If no sound bounces back, they can then fly forward.
This special ability has been simulated in the human world for a long time, such as in submarines and planes, whose sonar(声呐) systems are somewhat similar to echolocation. But apart from helping vehicles “see” where they are, what if blind people could use echolocation for themselves? It turns out, some already are.
American Daniel Kish, who is blind, is known as “Batman”. This isn’t because he walks around in a cape and a mask, but because he has a bat-like ability to locate where he is through sharp clicks he makes by moving his tongue against the roof of his mouth. Kish is so skilled at echolocating that he can ride a bike and hike on his own.
Recently, research carried out at the University of Durham in England shed some light on the power of human echolocation.
Kish worked with a group of scientists who studied the way blind people listen to the echoes that they produce from clicks.
The team, which conducted experiments with other volunteers, found that people were capable of hearing even very faint echoes, ones far fainter than had been previously thought.
Speaking to The Independent, Lore Thaler, lead scientist of the group, said, “We found that in some conditions, they were really faint – about 95 percent softer than the actual clicks, but the echolocators were still able to sense this.”
Andrew Kolarik of the University of Cambridge is another expert in echolocation. Reacting to the Durham study, he told BBC News that echolocation “can be very useful at providing information at face or chest height” and could help people “avoid objects like low hanging branches that might not get detected by the cane or a guide dog”.
Although Kish’s skill is remarkable, there’s hope for other blind people who want to use echolocation. According to BBC News, echolocation is a skill blind people can acquire and develop, just like learning a language. As Kolarik said: “Teaching echolocation skills could provide blind people with the means of exploring new places.”
61. The underlined word “simulated” in Paragraph 2 probably means _______.
A. discovered B. copied
C. improved D. challenged
62. How does Kish locate where he is?
A. By using his great sense of hearing.
B. By listening to the echoes produced by his cane.
C. Via the echoes from the clicks he makes with his tongue.
D. Via the sonar system attached to his body.
63. What did Lore Thaler’s team find from their studies?
A. It is hard for echolocators to sense faint echoes.
B. Humans can echolocate better than we thought we could.
C. Echolocators can pick up all types of echoes.
D. Blind people are better echolocators than those who can see.
64. According to the article, teaching echolocation to blind people _______.
A. will enable them to get rid of their cane
B. will improve their ability to learn a new language
C. will open up new possibilities for them
D. is not easy to put into practice
65. What is the article mainly about?
A. Studies on blind people using echolocation.
B. Different types of human echolocation.
C. The importance of human echolocation.
D. Why bats’ echolocation could be used by humans.
【61~65题答案】
【答案】61. B 62. C 63. B 64. C 65. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了蝙蝠的回声定位法被人类利用，研究发现人类也具有回声定位的能力，而且比我们想象的要好，人类的这种能力可以为盲人服务，科学家对盲人使用回声定位进行了研究。
【61题详解】
词义猜测题。由下文可知潜水艇和飞机的声呐系统和蝙蝠的回声定位法相似，说明蝙蝠的这种能力在人类的生活中被模仿，所以simulate的意思是“模仿”，选项B copy意为“复制，抄袭”，与simulate意思最相近，discover意为“发现”；improve意为“提高”；challenge意为“挑战”，这三项均不符合题意，故选B。
【62题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段This isn’t because he walks around in a cape and a mask, but because he has a bat-like ability to locate where he is through sharp clicks he makes by moving his tongue against the roof of his mouth. 可知Kish通过舌头抵住上颚发出的尖锐的咔哒声来定位自己所在的位置，故选C。
【63题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段The team, which conducted experiments with other volunteers, found that people were capable of hearing even very faint echoes, ones far fainter than had been previously thought.可知人们甚至能够听到非常微弱的回声，人类的回声定位能力比我们想象的要好，故选B。
【64题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一句话“Teaching echolocation skills could provide blind people with the means of exploring new places.”可知向盲人教授回声定位技术可以为他们提供探索新地方的方法，即回声定位法可以为盲人打开新的可能性，故选C。
【65题详解】
主旨大意题。文章讲述了蝙蝠的回声定位法被人类利用，研究发现人类也具有回声定位的能力，而且比我们想象的要好，人类的这种能力可以为盲人服务，科学家对盲人使用回声定位进行了研究。所以本文主要讲的是对盲人使用回声定位法的研究，故选A。
【点睛】近年来高考加大了猜测词义题的考查，主要包括对生词生义的推测、熟词生义的推测以及对it/they/them/that/those等代词指代对象的判断等。做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境来判断其意义，因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。猜测词义时，要掌握以下解题技巧：根据上下文进行判断：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。例如第一题猜测simulate的含义，由下文可知潜水艇和飞机的声呐系统和蝙蝠的回声定位法相似，说明蝙蝠的这种能力在人类的生活中被模仿，所以simulate的意思是“模仿”，选项B copy意为“复制，抄袭”，与simulate意思最相近，此题利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。
D
There’s a song by the great Jamaican singer Bob Marley called So Much Trouble In The World. Marley understood that part of the reason why there are so many problems in the world is the lack of tolerance between people. The UN understands this too—that’s why it made Nov 16 “International Day for Tolerance”.
But first of all, what is tolerance? French philosopher Voltaire (1694—1778) can give us some help. According to him, tolerance “is the consequence of humanity. We are all formed of frailty (脆弱) and error; let us pardon each other’s folly—that is the first law of nature.”
Nobody’s perfect. When we’re tempted to criticize another person, we should perhaps remember our own imperfections first.
Very often, people don’t realize that they’re intolerant. This is because intolerance has a lot to do with ignorance. For example, the UN’s campaign is in part about the treatment of females by males. But often, the behavior of men toward women is intolerant because men don’t put themselves in the shoes of women.
It’s worth thinking a little about the words “tolerance” and “intolerance”. Are they the best words to describe the evils of which we’re speaking here? To agree to be “tolerant” of someone isn’t necessarily a very respectful thing. When someone is tolerated, it implies that there’s something wrong with them.
But it seems wrong that people should agree to “tolerate” people with black skin, for example. And should women think they have received the respect they are due when men agree to “tolerate” them?
Still, what Voltaire said stands: We humans are not perfect and this weakness is something that we all share. That’s the reason we should be tolerant.
It’s a little like generosity. We can give things to another person, and we can also give our forgiveness. Bob Marley understood this. In the song mentioned above, he advised: “Write your love on a rock so it stays for eternity; write your hate in the sand so the waves will wash it away.”
66. According to Voltaire, tolerance is ________.
A. being willing to express your love to others
B. trying to overcome your imperfections
C. giving a hand to vulnerable groups (弱势群体)
D. accepting each other’s weaknesses
67. Why are people usually unaware of their intolerance, according to the article?
A. They are used to finding faults.
B. They consider tolerance a kind of frailty.
C. They don’t see things from the angle of others.
D. They are intolerant of themselves too.
68. In what sense is “tolerance” similar to “generosity”?
A. Humans are advised to treat others better.
B. Humans learned to find faults in others.
C. Humans need to give something to others.
D. Humans will change their attitudes to others.
69. The underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refers to ________.
A. giving things to others B. forgiving others
C. different attitudes toward love and hate D. the fact that humans are imperfect
70. What’s the text mainly about?
A. The origin of the International Day of Tolerance.
B. The meaning and importance of tolerance.
C. The philosophy behind Bob Marley’s song.
D. Effective ways to show tolerance.
【66~70题答案】
【答案】66. D 67. C 68. C 69. B 70. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了宽容的意义和宽容的重要性。
【66题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段“We are all formed of frailty (脆弱) and error; let us pardon each other’s folly — that is the first law of nature.”(我们天生都有弱点且会犯错误；让我们原谅对方的愚蠢行为吧——这是第一条自然法则。)可知，根据伏尔泰的观点，容忍就是接受对方的缺点。故D选项正确。
【67题详解】
细节理解题。由第四段“This is because intolerance has a lot to do with ignorance. For example, the UN’s campaign is in part about the treatment of females by males. But often, the behavior of men toward women is intolerant because men don’t put themselves in the shoes of women.”(这是因为不宽容与无知有很大关系。但通常情况下，男人对女人不宽容是因为男人不能站在女人的立场上考虑问题。)可知，为什么人们通常没有意识到他们的不宽容是因为他们不能从别人的角度看问题。故C选项正确。
【68题详解】
细节理解题。由最后一段“It’s a little like generosity. We can give things to another person, and we can also give our forgiveness”（这有点像慷慨。我们可以给别人东西，我们也可以给予我们对别人的原谅。）可知，在人类需要给予他人一些东西上，“宽容”与“慷慨”是相似的。故C选项正确。
【69题详解】
词义猜测题。由最后一段“...and we can also give our forgiveness. Bob Marley understood this.”（我们可以给别人东西，我们也可以给予我们对别人的原谅。鲍勃·马利理解这一点）可以判断出，this指代的是“forgiving others”。故B选项正确。
【70题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，短文通过伟大的牙买加歌手鲍勃·马利有一首歌叫《世界上有这么多麻烦》引入主题——人与人之间缺乏宽容。通过法国哲学家伏尔泰向读者说明宽容的意义。通过介绍人们不宽容的原因，以及对“宽容”和“不宽容”的思考都在告诉读者，宽容起着重要的作用。所以判断出这篇课文主要在讲宽容的意义和重要性。故B选项正确。
【点睛】由上下文的语境是解决词义猜测题的重要解题方法。划线词的意思往往是我们要猜测的意思。我们可以通过已知的上下文的词汇或者句子来猜测未知的意思。
由最后段“...and we can also give our forgiveness. Bob Marley understood this”可知，我们可以给别人东西，我们也可以给予我们对别人的原谅。所以通过上下文语境，可以判断出this指代的是上文中提到过的“forgiving others”。故小题4的正确选项为B选项。
E
As parents, we want our children to reach their full academic potential. We read to them, encourage their special talents, and support them when they have problems. If they choose to participate in music or sports, we also help them reach their potential in those areas. These are all good goals.
There is, however, an even more important goal. It is a goal more difficult than excellence in arithmetic or soccer or the violin. Parents are responsible for providing their children with a moral compass. They need to nurture and treasure goodness in their children. Every child has the capacity to become a good, decent human being. To fulfill this capacity, children need the guidance and support of parents and other adults. Raising good, moral children is the most important job we will have.
What is a good, decent human being? While we may differ on some details, most would agree that respect for others, kindness and caring, honesty and honor, and a reverence (尊重) for life are key. Good, decent human beings are people with a firm sense of direction and purpose—a moral compass—to guide their lives. Children need our help to develop these characteristics and values.
While most people try to act with honor and kindness, doing so consistently is difficult and requires lifelong effort. Goodness is not easy for an adult and it is even more difficult for a child. They do not have the knowledge, experiences, or cognitive skills to understand the impact and consequences of their actions.
Reinforcement is sometimes an efficient approach to building positive behavior. The child behaves in a desired way and the parents provide reinforcement. The behavior then typically increases in frequency. This approach works for teaching “Please” and “Thank you”. The new behavior is maintained, because it helps the child get along in the world.
Loving, everyday interactions are the beginning of raising moral children. The child who falls and receives adult concern learns how to treat others kindly when they stumble (绊倒). The child who makes a mistake and is encouraged to try again learns how to support others. When parents intercede (调解) graciously for their child, the child can see the basis for friendship. When we treat children with respect and care, we provide a positive model of how to behave. These early experiences establish patterns for their treatment of others.
71. What are adults supposed to do to make children become good, decent human beings?
A. To encourage their children to learn more about sports or music.
B. To help their children to develop their special talents.
C. To support their children when they have problems.
D. To reinforce positive behavior through everyday interactions.
72. Why is it difficult for a child to act with honor and kindness?
A. Because it is difficult for adults to do so.
B Because a child is not mature enough to do so.
C. Because a child does not understand the abstract concept of “goodness”.
D. Because a child does not have a model to follow.
73. The author talks about teaching “Please” and “Thank you” to demonstrate that ________.
A. saying “Please” and “Thank you” is a good habit
B. politeness is the nature of a moral compass
C politeness helps the child get along in the world
D. reinforcement is an efficient approach to building positive behavior
74. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?
A. To emphasize the importance of adults’ concern when a child falls.
B. To show how to guide children to develop friendship.
C. To explain why adults should treat children with respect and care.
D. To show how love and everyday interactions work in molding a moral child.
【71~74题答案】
【答案】71. D 72. B 73. D 74. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。作为家长，我们除了帮助孩子获得学业上的成就之外，还有一个更重要的任务：父母有责任为他们的孩子提供道德指针，他们需要培养和珍惜孩子的善良。文章阐述了品行良好得体的概念以及如何将孩子培养成为有道德的人。
【71题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Every child has the capacity to become a good, decent human being. To fulfill this capacity, children need the guidance and support of parents and other adults. Raising good, moral children is the most important job we will have.(每个孩子都有能力成为一个善良、正派的人。为了实现这一能力，孩子们需要父母和其他成年人的指导和支持。 培养品行端正的孩子是我们最重要的工作)、第五段中的“Reinforcement is sometimes an efficient approach to building positive behavior.(强化有时是建立积极行为的有效方法)”和最后一段中的“Loving, everyday interactions are the beginning of raising moral children.(充满爱的日常互动是培养有道德孩子的开始)”可知，父母应该通过日常交流来强化孩子的积极行为，去培养孩子的道德观，从而使孩子成为品行良好得体的人。故选D。
【72题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Goodness is not easy for an adult and it is even more difficult for a child. They do not have the knowledge, experiences, or cognitive skills to understand the impact and consequences of their actions.(善良对一个成年人来说不容易，对一个孩子来说更困难。 他们没有知识、经验或认知技能来理解他们行为的影响和后果)”可知，孩子们不成熟，他们没有知识、经验和认知技能来理解他们的行为产生的影响和后果。这使得孩子们更难以善良的方式去行事。故选B。
【73题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Reinforcement is sometimes an efficient approach to building positive behavior. The child behaves in a desired way and the parents provide reinforcement. The behavior then typically increases in frequency.(强化有时是建立积极行为的有效方法。 孩子按照期望的方式行事，父母给予鼓励。这种行为通常会增加频率)”可知，强化有时是建立积极行为的有效方法。然后下文提到“This approach works for teaching “Please” and “Thank you”(这种方法对于教孩子们说“请”和“谢谢”非常有效)”，很明显，作者用“Please”和“Thank you”作为例子来体现强化是建立积极行为的有效方法。故选D。
【74题详解】
推理判断题。通读最后一段可知，第一句“Loving, everyday interactions are the beginning of raising moral children.(充满爱的日常互动是培养有道德的孩子的开始)”是中心句。从第二句到倒数第二句作者举例说明家长如何在日常生活中培养孩子成为有道德的人。最后一句“These early experiences establish patterns for their treatment of others.(孩子的早期经历教会孩子如何对待他人)”强调：孩子的早期经历教会孩子如何对待他人。综上，该段的目的是说明爱和日常互动如何让孩子成为有道德的人。故选D。
第II卷（共20分）
注意事项：用黑色墨水的钢笔或签字笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能使用修改液。
第四部分：短语填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
用下列短语的正确形式补全句子。
sharpen one’s skills achieve great ends tell off
in turn play safe with come to exist
pay off bring into focus so as to
like no other lie in a far cry from
brave the elements post updates reach out
go deeper into make a difference pass down
tick all the right boxes live up to

75. Although modem technology could help produce more crops, these terraces still mean a lot to the local people for whom traditions hold much value. This knowledge is ________ through families, which means that new generations continue to use ancient methods of agriculture to maintain the terraces.
76. I hope you can all visit this fantastic place one day to feel the power of these great works of arts for yourselves. They really do ________ to us across the centuries as if time itself were nothing.
77. People say that the British always ________ what they eat. Not true!
78. The most questionable issue was the actress chosen to play the part of Helen. Many people thought she didn’t ________ Helen’s title “the most beautiful woman in the world”, influencing opinions of the movie to some extent.
79. While some say contemporary art lacks skill, meaning and artistic value, others argue that its worth ________ its ability to stimulate new discussion and understanding of everyday objects.
80. It ________ what’s important to you. There are a thousand reasons to turn around and only one to keep going.
81. Lin’s audience roared with laughter. With this little joke, Lin was able to make people laugh, while gently ________ the president.
82. I feel very grateful for the years in Xishuangbanna. It gave me a chance to ________ the lives of various ethnic groups.
83. As a nature photographer, I have to ________. But despite the wind and rain, I still enjoy working outside in the wild. One of the best things about this job is that you can observe animals in their natural environment.
84. If you want to see a show that combines music, singing, drama, poetry and costume design with explosive effect, The Revenge of Prince Zidan ________!
85. At first Ryan was nervous, but soon a great warmth filled him. He really had ________ for these children. He broke into a joyful smile.
86. I honour endurance, perseverance, industry, talent; because these are the means by which men ________.
87. In this way, practising day in and day out helped Stephen ________.
88. As he studied samples of the plants and animals, he asked himself the question: how did different species ________?
89. As well as looking after these incredible animals, I talk to visitors and ________ on social media.
90. ________ the bright lights and shiny courts of the National Basketball Association (NBA), it was along this road that Stephen’s grandfather built a simple basket by attaching a piece of plastic to a telephone pole.
91. It can be quite stressful at times, though, which ________ makes me feel anxious. To help deal with this, I go running as often as I possibly can.
92. For these people, climbing Qomolangma is an experience ________, making some feel weak and others, powerful.
93. As Tan once said, Chinese music should carry “universal expression” of the human spirit ________ be recognized by the whole world.
94. Their perseverance ________ with an epic comeback against the defending champion Brazil in the quarter-finals.
【75~94题答案】
【答案】75. passed down
76. reach out
77. play safe with
78. live up to
79. lies in
80. brings into focus
81. telling off
82. go deeper into
83. brave the elements
84. ticks all the right boxes
85. made a difference
86. achieve great ends
87. sharpen his skills
88. come to exist
89. post updates
90. A far cry from
91. in turn
92. like no other
93. so as to
94. paid off
【解析】
【75题详解】
考查固定短语和被动语态。句意：虽然现代技术可以帮助生产更多的作物，但这些梯田对当地人来说仍然意义重大，因为传统对他们来说很有价值。这种知识通过家庭流传下来，这意味着新一代人会继续使用古老的农业方法来维护梯田。根据句意可知，空格处涉及固定短语“pass down”，意为“传递，传下来”，句中“knowledge”和“pass”之间为被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，“pass”的过去分词为“passed”，故空格处应填“passed down”。故填passed down。
【76题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：我希望有一天你们都能参观这个奇妙的地方，亲身感受这些伟大艺术作品的力量。几个世纪以来，它们确实与我们联系在一起，就好像时间本身什么都不是。根据句意可知，空格处涉及固定短语“reach out to sb.”，意为“与某人联系，与某人接触”，句中“do”为助动词，表强调，意为“确实”，后接动词原形，故空格处应填“reach out”。故填reach out。
【77题详解】
考查时态和固定短语。句意：人们说英国人总是谨慎对待他们吃的东西。不是真的！根据句意可知，空格处涉及固定短语“play safe with…”，意为“谨慎对待……”，根据句意和句中“always”可知，句子陈述的是经常性、习惯性的动作，应用一般现在时，句子主语为“the British”，代表“英国人”，故“play”用原形，故空格处应填“play safe with”。故填play safe with。
【78题详解】
考查时态和固定短语。句意：最值得怀疑的问题是被选中扮演海伦的女演员。许多人认为她不符合海伦“世界上最美丽的女人”的称号，在一定程度上影响了人们对这部电影的看法。根据句意可知，空格处涉及固定短语“live up to”，意为“符合（期望）”，根据句意和句中“didn’t”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，为一般过去时，“didn’t”后接动词原形，故空格处应填“live up to”。故填live up to。
【79题详解】
考查时态和固定短语。句意：虽然有人说当代艺术缺乏技巧、意义和艺术价值，但也有人认为它的价值在于能够激发人们对日常事物的新的讨论和理解。根据句意可知，空格处涉及固定短语“lie in”，意为“存在于”，根据句意可知，句子陈述的是人们的观点态度，应用一般现在时，“worth”为不可数名词，故“lie”应用三单形式“lies”，故空格处应填“lies in”。故填lies in。
【80题详解】
考查时态和固定短语。句意：它让你关注对你来说重要的事情。有一千个理由可以改变，只有一个理由可以继续。根据句意可知，空格处涉及固定短语“bring into focus”，意为“使注意力集中于……”，根据句意可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，“It”作主语，故“bring”应用三单形式“brings”，故空格处应填“brings into focus”。故填brings into focus。
【81题详解】
考查状语从句的省略和固定短语。句意：林的观众哄堂大笑。通过这个小笑话，林能够让人们发笑，同时温和地斥责总统。根据句意可知，空格处涉及固定短语“tell off”，意为“斥责”，句子为“while”引导的时间状语从句，从句主语与主句主语一致且谓语中含有“be”，可省略从句主语和“be”，省略前为“while he was telling off”，故空格处应填“telling off”。故填telling off。
【82题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：我非常感激在西双版纳的这些年。它让我有机会深入了解不同民族的生活。根据句意可知，空格处涉及固定短语“go deeper into…”，意为“深入了解……”，“a chance to do sth.”意为“一个做某事的机会”，不定式符号“to”后接动词原形，故空格处应填“go deeper into”。故填go deeper into。
【83题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：作为一名自然摄影师，我必须不惧酷境。尽管有风雨，我仍然喜欢在野外工作。这项工作最棒的一点是你可以在自然环境中观察动物。根据句意可知，空格处涉及固定短语“brave the elements”，意为“不惧酷境”，“have to”为情态动词，后接动词原形，故空格处应填“brave the elements”。故填brave the elements。
【84题详解】
考查时态和固定短语。句意：如果你想看一部集音乐、歌唱、戏剧、诗歌和服装设计于一体的具有爆炸性效果的电视剧，《王子复仇记》满足你所有的愿望！根据句意可知，空格处涉及固定短语“tick all the right boxes”，意为“事情发展如人所愿”，句子陈述的是某人的看法，应用一般现在时，“The Revenge of Prince Zidan”为单个专有名词，故“tick”应用三单形式“ticks”，故空格处应填“ticks all the right boxes”。故填ticks all the right boxes。
【85题详解】
考查时态和固定短语。句意：起初瑞安很紧张，但很快他就感到一阵温暖。他真的为这些孩子带来了影响。他突然高兴地笑了起来。根据句意可知，空格处涉及固定短语“make a difference”，意为“有影响，起作用”，根据句意和句中“had”可知，句子为过去完成式，“make”的过去分词为“made”，故空格处应填“made a difference”。故填made a difference。
【86题详解】
考查时态和固定短语。句意：我尊重耐力、毅力、勤奋和才能；因为这些是人类实现伟大目标的手段。根据句意可知，空格处涉及固定短语“achieve great ends”，意为“实现伟大目标”，根据句意可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，“men”为可数名词复数，“achieve”应用原形，故空格处应填“achieve great ends”。故填achieve great ends。
【87题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：就这样，日复一日的练习帮助斯蒂芬提高了技能。根据句意可知，空格处涉及固定短语“sharpen one’s skills”，意为“提高某人的技能”，“help sb. do sth.”意为“帮助某人做某事”，故“sharpen”用原形，根据句中“Stephen”可知，“one’s”应转换为“his”，故空格处应填“sharpen his skills”。故填sharpen his skills。
【88题详解】
考查时态和固定短语。句意：在研究动植物样本时，他问了自己一个问题：不同的物种是如何存在的？根据句意可知，空格处涉及固定短语“come to exist”，意为“存在（强调从无到有）”，根据句意和句中“did”可知，句子为一般过去时，“did”后接动词原形，故空格处应填“come to exist”。故填come to exist。
【89题详解】
考查时态和固定短语。句意：除了照顾这些不可思议的动物，我还与游客交谈，并在社交媒体上发布最新消息。根据句意可知，空格处涉及固定短语“post updates”，意为“发布更新，发布最新消息”，根据句意和句中“talk”可知，句子为一般现在时，句子主语为“I”，故“post”用原形，故空格处应填“post updates”。故填post updates。
【90题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：与美国篮球协会明亮的灯光和闪亮的球场截然不同的是，斯蒂芬的祖父正是沿着这条路在电话杆上连接了一块塑料，制作了一个简单的篮子。根据句意可知，空格处涉及固定短语“a far cry from”，意为“（与……）大相径庭，（与……）截然不同”，句首单词首字母大写，故空格处应填“A far cry from”。故填A far cry from。
【91题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：不过，有时会有相当大的压力，这继而又让我感到焦虑。为了解决这个问题，我尽可能经常跑步。根据句意可知，空格处涉及固定短语“in turn”，意为“反过来，继而”，故空格处应填“in turn”。故填in turn。
【92题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：对这些人来说，攀登珠穆朗玛峰是一种与众不同的体验，让一些人感到虚弱，另一些人感到强大。根据句意可知，空格处涉及固定短语“like no other”，意为“与众不同”，故空格处应填“like no other”。故填like no other。
【93题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：正如谭所说，中国音乐应该承载人类精神的“普遍表达”，以便被全世界所认可。根据句意可知，空格处涉及固定短语“so as to”，意为“以便，为了”，故空格处应填“so as to”。故填so as to。
【94题详解】
考查时态和固定短语。句意：他们的毅力得到了回报，在与卫冕冠军巴西队对抗的四分之一决赛中进行了史诗般的回归。根据句意可知，空格处涉及固定短语“pay off”，意为“得到回报，取得成功”，根据句意可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，为一般过去时，“pay”的过去式为“paid”，故空格处应填“paid off”。故填paid off。
听力答案：1-15 CBAAB ACBAB CABAC