英语-2022届高三下学期开学摸底考试卷A（新高考专用）

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绝密★考试结束前
2022届高三下学期开学摸底考试卷A（新高考专用）
英语
(满分150分)
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）
做题时，请先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. £ 19. 15. B. £ 9. 18. C. £ 9. 15.
答案是 C。
1.Where does the conversation take place？
A. At home. B. In a classroom. C. In a supermarket.
【答案】C
【1题详解】
Text 1
M: I need to go to the restroom, but the door is locked.
W: Well, the restroom is for customers only. You need to buy something before that.
2.When do the staff begin to check the tickets？
A. At 7：15 pm. B. At 7：25pm. C.At7：30pm.
【答案】A
【2题详解】
Text 2
M: When does the play start?
W: Well, the ticket says 7:30. But the staff actually check tickets fifteen minutes earlier. If you’re not seated when the lights go down five minutes before that, they won't let you in.
3.How does the woman feel now？
A. Confident. B. Nervous. C. Calm.
【答案】B
【3题详解】
Text 3
M: Hi, Betty. You don't look so good.
W: Oh, I'll have a big test tomorrow, and I'm not sure if I can do well in
M: Take it easy. I'm sure you'll make it.
4.What do we know about the new clothes shop？
A. It’s crowded on Saturday. B. The clothes are cheap. C. There are many changing rooms.
【答案】A
【4题详解】
Text 4
W: The new clothes shop has a variety of styles, but so many people do the shopping on Saturday.
M: Yes. There aren't enough changing rooms. And the prices are really high.
5.What will the man probably do？
A. Have the computer repaired.
B. Call Mr. Steven in Washington.
C. Get the email sent the next door.
【答案】C
【5题详解】
Text 5
W: Ray, send this email as soon as possible. Mr. Steven is waiting for it in Washington.
M: Sorry, Ms Boil, but my computer doesn't work. If it's urgent, I can copy it and ask Tom next door to send it for us.
W: OK. Thanks!
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6.What does the man usually do with his cell phone？
A. Watch films. B. Make payments. C. Pay credit cards.
【答案】B
7.What does the man want to have？
A. Some cash. B.A spare cell phone. C.A credit card.
【答案】B
【6-7题详解】
Text 6
M: I must get a spare cell phone. 1 depend so much on my cell phone.
W: I know what you men. What should we do without movies on the subway?
M: Not for that. 1 mean I use it all the time for making payments.
W: Yes. I hear China is far ahead of other countries in doing that. I wonder why.
M: Because they haven't used credit cards for long.
W: It's so convenient to pay with a cell phone. Wherever you go, you needn't carry any cash at all.
M: That's why I need a spare one.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8.Where should the woman get off No.3 bus？
A. At the shopping mall stop.
B. At Furong Square stop.
C. At the Experimental Middle School stop.
【答案】C
9.What’s the relationship between the two speakers？
A. Friends. B. Strangers. C. Colleagues.
【答案】B
10.What do the two speakers mainly talk about？
A. Travelling in a city.
B. Asking the way to the Forest Park.
C. Showing the location of the bus stops.
【答案】B
【8-10题详解】
Text 7
W: Excuse me, I'm new here. Could you tell me how to get to the Forest Park?
M: Just walk down the street for five minutes and then you can see a new shopping mall.
W: What shall I do next?
M: Turn left, then you can see a bus stop.
W: Which bus should I take?
M: You can take either No.3 or No.11 bus.
W: Where shall I get off?
M: At the Experimental Middle School stop if you take No.3. Walk back along the road for three minutes and you will find a beautiful square.
W: What's the name of the square?
M: Furong Square. Then turn left, go straight ahead for five minutes, and you'll find yourself in front of the gate of the park. You can't miss it.
W: Thank you very much for your help.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11.What do we know about the boy’s economics exam？
A. He passed it. B. He failed it. C. He missed it.
【答案】B
12.What does the woman think of the boy？
A. He didn’t work hard enough.
B. He should have relaxed more.
C. He already tried his best.
【答案】A
13.What will the boy probably plan to do next？
A. Make ends meet. B. Take the course again. C. Hang out with his friends.
【答案】B
【11-13题详解】
Text 8
M: Mom speaking?
W: Yes?
M: I got the result of the economics exam last week.
W: The one you didn't review?
M: I did review it. I was working on it all weekend. Don’t you remember?
W: Oh, yes. Apart from hanging out with your friends until in the morning, you mean?
M: Well, I have to relax a little, Anyway. I didn't pass it.
W: You failed it! But wasn't that an important one?
M: Yeah, I'm really sorry.
W: I'm really sorry, too. What does that mean?
M: Well, I'll probably have to retake the whole course.
W: Oh, Ryan! It's a really expensive course. I'm not sure if we can afford it again. We couldn't even make ends meet this month.
M: I'm so sorry.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14.What’s the problem of the woman？
A. She is skinny. B. She is always weak. C. She is overweight.
【答案】C
15.What's the man’s suggestion for the woman about her diet？
A. Eating less and less. B. Drinking much milk. C. Having a balanced diet.
【答案】C
16.What does the man advise the woman to do in fine weather？
A. Do some jogging. B. Play badminton. C. Take Taji.
【答案】A
【14-16题详解】
Text 9
W: Hi, Mike. Long time no see.
M: Hi, Susan. How are you?
W: Just fine. I've gained much weight recently. Could you give me some advice?
M: Of course. Just eat less and take more exercise.
W: Anything more?
M: Definitely. First you should eat less main food, less meat and more green vegetables and fresh fruits, and milk is also suggested.
W: I do eat less. But sometimes I find myself very weak.
M: It's not a good choice to skip meals, meanwhile you should do more exercise.
W: What exercise should 1 take?
M: Do some jogging in the morning or in the evening. You can also do some indoor exercise, for example, play badminton and take Taiji especially when it rains.
W: Thank you so much.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.What did the speaker previously talk about？
A. Sports in America. B. Medical research in America. C. Economy in America.
【答案】C
18.What is the speaker mainly talking about？
A. How people expect about the economy.
B. What attracts American teenagers to go to college.
C. How American parents chose universities for their children.
【答案】B
19.What does the speaker say about education generations ago？
A. Parents only sent their children to famous schools.
B. Parents and children used to have the same opinions about colleges.
C. Parents used to make the decisions about colleges for their children.
【答案】C
20.What do today’s teenagers think is more important according to the speaker？
A. Social activities. B.A beautiful campus. C. Good professors.
【答案】A
【18-20题详解】
Text 10
Welcome back to America Today. I'm Dr Johnson. We've just finished talking about people's expectations about the economy and now let’s turn our attention to education. You may wonder what American parents are looking for when they are deciding where to send their children for college. Well, a couple of generations ago parents basically chose schools for their children. But nowadays, many teenagers are more likely to have a final say about where they end up. So what do students actually want in a college? Actually, they are looking for more than just good professors and a beautiful campus. Students today want to communicate with the people from different countries and cultures. They are more curious than ever about outside points of view. Also, technology is playing a more important role. Visitors to campuses around America expect to see the latest technology in lecture halls, labs, and even in places like dining halls and bookstores. What's more important, though, is access to social activities. Sports and clubs on campus are great, but if there are no movie theatres, bars, restaurants, clubs, or stadiums nearby, you are going to have a hard time getting 21st century American teenagers to go anywhere near that campus.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The Visitor Oyster Card
A Visitor Oyster card is the cheapest way to pay for a single adult journey in London. It's a plastic smartcard. You can use it on the bus, tube, tram, DLR, London Overground and most National Rail services. It's much cheaper than buying individual tickets, in some cases costing 50% less than the price of a regular paper ticket.
How to get a Visitor Oyster card
You can buy a Visitor Oyster card online. Your card will be delivered by post. The card costs ￡5 and you choose how much money you want to add to the card. This means you can start using the card the moment you arrive in Central London.
How does the Visitor Oyster card work?
The Oyster card works on a pay-as-you-go system. You start by adding money to the card. Then you travel, and the cost of the fare will automatically be deducted from your Visitor Oyster card. For example, if you add ￡20 to the card and make a tube journey of ￡2.30, you will have ￡17.70 left on the card.
A few more points：
·A child under the age of 11 travels free when accompanied by an adult.
·You'll save more money if you use the tube several times. The Visitor Oyster card is “capped(给……定上限)” at ￡6.80 per day.
·You'll pay more during peak times. Peak fares apply from Monday to Friday(6：30 am—9：30 am；4：00 pm—7：00 pm), except for public holidays.
·Reuse the Oyster card by adding credit at a tube station, Oyster ticket shop or Visitor Centre.
·Receive a discount on the Thames Clippers River Bus services.
21. What can we learn about the Visitor Oyster card?
A. You can't use it during public holidays.
B. You can have it mailed directly to your home.
C. You can get a free Oyster card if you order online.
D. You can receive a 50% discount at any shop in London.
22. How much money will be deducted if you take the tube four times in a day with a Visitor Oyster card?
A. ￡2.30. B. ￡3.40. C. ￡6.80. D. ￡9.20.
23. Where can you add credit to your Visitor Oyster card?
A. At a tube station. B. At a bus station.
C. On the Internet. D. In convenience stores.
【答案】21．B 22．C 23．A
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了游览伦敦使用游客牡蛎卡的好处、如何购买及如何充值。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段第二句“Your card will be delivered by post.”可知，游客牡蛎卡可以直接寄到你家。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据A few more points部分的第二条“You'll save more money if you use the tube several times. The Visitor Oyster card is ‘capped’ at ￡6.80 per day.( 如果你用几次管子，你会省更多的钱。游客牡蛎卡的“上限”为￡每天6.80美元。)”可知，游客牡蛎卡的消费“上限”是每天6.8英镑。故选C。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据A few more points部分的倒数第二条“Reuse the Oyster card by adding credit at a tube station，Oyster ticket shop or Visitor Centre.(通过在地铁站、牡蛎售票处或游客中心增加信用卡，重新使用牡蛎卡。)”可知，可以在地铁站充值。故选A。
B
Times of difficulty can bring out the best in humanity, and that's certainly the case for 10-year-old Chelsea Phaire. This young resident in Danbury, Connecticut lifted the spirits of foster children by sending them over 1,500 art kits (艺术包)since the outbreak of Covid-19.
Chelsea's passion project began in 2018 when she received an art kit for her 8th birthday, which contained art supplies, books, activities, and puzzles. It suddenly struck her: so many less fortunate children lacked access to the same art supplies. Determined to help kids in need, Chelsea encouraged her friends and family to donate supplies and create art kits. Chelsea put together 40 art kits, which she hand-delivered to children living in homeless shelters in Danbury.
But that was only the beginning, Chelsea kept the ball rolling. She shared her wish list on Amazon, listing the needed supplies to make even more art kits. She even donated her own tooth fair airy money toward the project. By the time the pandemic (流行病)hit, her relatives and friends all got involved. With their help, Chelsea gathered nearly 1,500 art kits to send to Children in homeless shelters across the country.
Chelsea always had a strong desire to start a charity from the time she was only 5 years old. When she got a little older, her parents agreed and helped her found Chelsea Charity, aiming to provide more art supplies and art lessons for children who need it most. You can follow the latest updates and fundraising activities on Instagram@ chelseascharity.
We can all learn a little something from Chelsea. Even in times of trouble, something as simple and seemingly small as an art kit can bring remarkable joy to others. And as is the case with Chelsea, kindness has a ripple( 连锁) effect. One person's act of generosity inspires those around them to do the same.
24. Why did Chelsea start her passion project?
A. To celebrate her eighth birthday. B. To donate art supplies to charity.
C. To lift kids' spirits in the pandemic. D. To spread kindness to kids in trouble.
25. What does the author intend to show by mentioning Chelsea's tooth fairy money?
A. She was proud of her wish list. B. She was dying for more donation.
C. She was interested in fairy tales. D. She was devoted to her project.
26. How did Chelsea have her project further developed?
A. By delivering art kits to children in person. B. By employing more people for her project.
C. By getting it well publicized through media. D. By providing art lessons for homeless people.
27. What can we learn from the case of Chelsea?
A. A small act of kindness can go a long way. B. We should be generous and kind to everyone.
C. Great things can only be done by mass effort. D. We should just be ourselves in times of trouble.
【答案】24．D 25．D 26．C 27．A
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。介绍一则儿童善行故事。
【24题详解】
细荐理解题。根据第二段“Determined to help kids in need, Chelsea encouraged her friends and family to donate supplies and create art kits. "可知: Chelsea创建 她的"passion project"是为了帮助那些需要帮助的孩子，向其传播善意。故选D。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段主题句“But that was only the beginning, Chelsea kept the ball rolling.”可知: Chelsea的项 目越做越大。文章提及她把自己的牙仙钱也捐献出来，是为了表明Chelsea对这个项目的全身心投人。故选D。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段"She shared her wish list on Amazon.....及第四段“You can follow the latest updates and fundraising activities on Instagram@chelseascharity. ”可知: Chelsea靠网络媒体推动其项目的发展。故选C。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“And as is the case with Chelsea, kindness has a ripple(连锁) effect. One person's act of generosity inspires those around them to do the same. "可知:从Chelsea的例子我们可知:善行影响巨大，意义深远。故选A。
C
Scientists often compare coral reefs (珊瑚礁) to underwater rainforests, yet unlike the leafy plant base of a forest, corals are animals. The soft creatures are naturally half-transparent and get their brilliant color from algae (藻类) living inside them. When corals experience stress from hot temperatures or pollution, they halt the interdependent relationship with algae, typically pushing them out and turning white. Corals are still alive when they are white, but they’re at risk and many eventually die, turning dark brown.
Scientists around the world are looking for means to protect and maybe increase corals. One common option is to create more protected areas — essentially national parks in the ocean. Beyond nature preserves, some conservationists are looking for more hands-on methods. One research center in the Florida Keys is exploring a form of natural selection to keep corals remaining. The reef system in the Keys has been hit hard by climate change and pollution, which is especially tough, because corals there help support fisheries worth $ 100 million every year.
To keep the wild ecosystem alive, Erinn Muller, the center’s director, and her team are harvesting samples of the corals that survived the environmental stress naturally, keeping them to make them reproduce, and then reattaching them to the reef. They have 46,000 corals on plastic frames under the sea. So far, the center has regrown over 70,000 corals from five different species on damaged reefs.
In the Bahamas, Ross Cunning, a research biologist at Chicago’s Shedd Aquarium, focuses on corals with genes that could make them natural candidates for restoration projects. He published a study of two Bahamian reefs, one that survived an extreme 2015 heat wave, and one that didn’t. “We think their ability to deal with these higher temperatures is built into their genes,” says Cunning. There’s evidence of corals evolving more quickly to resist rapidly warming climate. The big question scientists need to investigate, adds Gunning, is how much more heat corals can adapt to.
28. What does the underlined word “halt” in the first paragraph mean?
A. Weaken. B. Develop. C. Strengthen. D. End.
29. What do Muller and her team do to save corals?
A. Restore the damaged reefs. B. Grow corals underwater.
C. Create more protected areas. D. Move corals to unpolluted areas.
30. What do Cunning’s words suggest?
A. Many corals have been genetically improved.
B. Cooling down the waters is the key to rescuing corals.
C. The highest temperature corals can survive is unclear.
D. Reasons for corals surviving heat waves need investigation.
31. Which is the text mainly about?
A. The efforts made to save corals.
B. The impact of climate warming on corals.
C. The survival crisis faced by coral reefs.
D. The relationship between corals and algae.
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C 31. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文，介绍了科学家们为保护珊瑚而做出的努力。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段“The soft creatures are naturally half-transparent and get their brilliant color from algae (藻类) living inside them. (这种柔软的生物天生是半透明的，它们鲜艳的颜色来自于体内的藻类。)”可知，珊瑚的颜色来自藻类，当珊瑚受到高温或污染的压力时，它们会停止与藻类的相互依赖关系，通常会将它们赶出体内，然后变成白色，由此可知画线词词义为“结束、停止”，故选D项。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“To keep the wild ecosystem alive, Erinn Muller, the center’s director, and her team are harvesting samples of the corals that survived the environmental stress naturally, keeping them to make them reproduce, and then reattaching them to the reef. They have 46,000 corals on plastic frames under the sea. So far, the center has regrown over 70,000 corals from five different species on damaged reefs. (为了保持野生生态系统的活力，该中心主任Erinn Muller和她的团队正在收集那些在环境压力下自然存活下来的珊瑚样本，让它们繁殖，然后将它们重新附着在珊瑚礁上。他们在海底的塑料框架上有46000个珊瑚。到目前为止，该中心已经在受损的珊瑚礁上重新生长了超过7万个不同种类的珊瑚)”可知，为了保护生态系统和珊瑚，Erinn Muller和她的团队在海底的塑料框架上种珊瑚。故选B项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“There’s evidence of corals evolving more quickly to resist rapidly warming climate. The big question scientists need to investigate, adds Gunning, is how much more heat corals can adapt to. (有证据表明，珊瑚进化得更快，以抵御气候迅速变暖。Gunning补充说，科学家需要调查的一个大问题是珊瑚还能适应多高的温度)”可知，科学家对珊瑚能存活的最高温度尚不清楚。故选C项。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Scientists around the world are looking for means to protect and maybe increase corals. (世界各地的科学家都在寻找保护甚至增加珊瑚的方法)”和例举各地科学家的具体做法可知，本文主要介绍为保护珊瑚做出的努力。故选A项。
D
Facebook's recent acknowledgment that social media may be making its users feel bad in some cases is a significant milestone. So far, the technology industry hardly has talked about the downsides of their products.
Academic research in a Facebook blog post in December documented that when people spend a lot of time passively consuming information, they feel worse. For example, clicking or liking too many links and posts can have a negative effect on mental health. Some researchers also believe that reading rosy stones about others leads to negative comparisons about one's life and that being online too much reduces in-person socializing. Social media may well be making many of us unhappy, jealous and anti-social. Although Facebook said that, as a result of the assessments, it would make some changes to its platform. It also highlighted some of the benefits of using the social network. It explained that “sharing messages, posts and comments with close friends and recalling about past interactions” can make people feel better. “The research and other academic literature suggest that it’s how you use social media that matters when it comes to your well-being,” Facebook said.
But that approach doesn’t seem to be an effective solution for those who can’t pull themselves away from such platforms. The Pew Research Center estimates that 24 percent of teens go online “almost constantly”. It is becoming a matter of addiction.
We need to be aware of what we are up against. Remember when we would just pick up the phone and call someone rather than email them and create greater misunderstandings. This may be an old-fashioned choice, but the right one. And maybe we should just turn away from our screens sometimes and meet our friends and family in person.
32. Why is Facebook’s acknowledgement considered as a milestone?
A. The acknowledgement has drawn a wide public attention.
B. Facebook has come to admit their products' negative effects.
C. The technology industry has made progress in mass production.
D. The technology industry have never brought bad feelings to users.
33. What may cause Facebook’s users to feel bad according to the passage?
A. Socializing in person.
B. Reading others’ rosy stories.
C. Liking your friends’ links and posts.
D. Sharing messages with close friends.
34. What’s the writer’s attitude towards Facebook’s platform changes?
A. Subjective. B. Approval. C. Acceptable. D. Unsatisfied.
35. Which can be the suitable title for the text?
A. How to Use Social Media
B. Acknowledgement from Facebook
C. Off Screens Whether Change Or Not
D. Gap Between Real Life and Network. Life
【答案】32. B 33. B 34. D 35. C
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章对Facebook承认社交媒体的负面影响并提出改变和解决方案的事情进行讨论，认为真正要做到的还是人们有时要远离屏幕，戒掉网瘾。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段第一句和第二句“Facebook’s recent acknowledgment that social media may be making its users feel bad in some cases is a significant milestone. So far, the technology industry hardly has talked about the downsides of their products.(Facebook最近承认，在某些情况下，社交媒体可能会让用户感觉不舒服，这是一个重要的里程碑。到目前为止，科技行业几乎没有谈论过自己产品的缺点)”可知，在Facebook之前，科技行业几乎没有谈论过自己产品的缺点，所以这是一个里程碑。故选B。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Some researchers also believe that reading rosy stones about others leads to negative comparisons about one’s life and that being online too much reduces in-person socializing.(一些研究人员还认为，阅读别人的美好回忆会导致对自己生活的负面比较，而且过多地上网会减少面对面的社交)”可知，阅读别人的美好故事会让Facebook的用户感到不适。故选B。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒第二段第一句“But that approach doesn't seem to be an effective solution for those who can't pull themselves away from such platforms. (但对于那些无法离开这些平台的人来说，这种方法似乎并不是一个有效的解决方案)”可知，作者对Facebook平台的变化并不满意。故选D .
【35题详解】
标题判断题。文章在第一段提到Facebook首次承认了社交媒体对人们有负面影响，第二段提出了这些负面影响和Facebook提出了改变和解决办法，第三段提出这种方法并不管用，人们已经对上网上瘾，第四段提出我们应该有时远离屏幕。由此可知，“Off Screens Whether Change Or Not(不管是否改变都要远离屏幕)”适合做本文最佳标题。故选C。
第二节（共5小题：每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分）
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Now many people are seeing the benefits of eating healthily. ___36___. By replacing “unclean” habits, you can get many benefits of a clean diet for life.
Know your eating habits. ___37___. The best way to know your eating habits is to keep a food diary for two to four weeks. Write down everything you eat for this time, including snacks or foods you eat in passing. It's a good idea to make a note of how you're feeling each day.
List your unclean habits and determine how you can change them. After two weeks, you should be able to know unclean foods. ___38___. See if there is anything that is causing you to eat unclean foods. Do you go out for happy hours and eat bar food instead of a proper dinner?
___39___. Consider making a lifestyle plan that includes clean eating, exercise, and time to rest and relax. You could create a plan around three solid, clean meals. Your plan should include meals that meet all of your needs to keep your health and well-being.
Talk to a doctor about your eating habits. If you're unsure of how to eat more cleanly, consider talking to your doctor or a registered dietician about how to replace processed foods with natural choices. ___40___. If you don't want to turn to a doctor, there are resources on the Internet that can help you develop the best eating plan for yourself.
A. Figure out how you can change these habits.
B. You need I cup of fruit and 3 cups of vegetables per day.
C. They can often help you develop the most reasonable eating plan.
D. Make a plan to change your diet so it's cleaner and healthier for life.
E. You won't be able to eat cleanly unless you have an idea of your way of dining.
F. Having a clean diet can help you keep a healthy weight and protect against illness.
G. Make sure to choose different kinds of vegetables so that you get a lot of nutrients.
【答案】36. F 37. E 38. A 39. D 40. C
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。现在很多人都看到了健康饮食的好处，通过取代“不干净”的习惯，你可以获得许多健康饮食的好处，文章主要介绍了如何培养一个健康的饮食习惯。
【36题详解】
根据上文“Now many people are seeing the benefits of eating healthily.(现在很多人都看到了健康饮食的好处)”以及后文“By replacing “unclean” habits, you can get many benefits of a clean diet for life.(通过取代“不干净”的习惯，你可以获得许多健康饮食的好处)”可知，上文提到了很多人都看到了健康饮食的好处，后文则说培养好的习惯可以获得许多健康饮食的好处，可推测本句承接上文在说明健康饮食对人体的一些好处。故F选项“有一个清洁的饮食可以帮助你保持健康的体重和预防疾病”符合语境，故选F。
【37题详解】
根据上文“Know your eating habits.(了解你的饮食习惯)”以及后文“The best way to know your eating habits is to keep a food diary for two to four weeks. Write down everything you eat for this time, including snacks or foods you eat in passing It's a good idea to make a note of how you're feeling each day.(了解自己饮食习惯的最好方法是连续写两到四周的饮食日记。写下你在这段时间吃的所有东西，包括你吃的零食或食物。记录下你每天的感觉是个不错的主意)”可知，本段主要说明的是了解自己的饮食习惯，故本句承接上文说明要了解饮食习惯的原因是：除非你对你的用餐方式有一个想法，否则你将无法干净得饮食。故E选项“除非你对你的用餐方式有一个想法，否则你将无法干净得饮食”符合语境，故选E。
【38题详解】
根据上文“List your unclean habits and determine how you can change them. After two weeks, you should be able to know unclean foods.(列出你不干净的习惯，然后决定如何改变它们。两周后，你应该能知道不洁净的食物)”以及后文“See if there is anything that is causing you to eat unclean foods. Do you go out for happy hours and eat bar food instead of a proper dinner? (要看有什么使你们吃了不洁净的物没有。你是不是在酒吧吃的食物而不是正餐？)”可知，上文提到了列出不干净的饮食习惯，可推测本句承接上文继续说明列出这些习惯接下来就是找出改正这些习惯的方法，A选项中these habits对应上文中unclean habits。故A选项“找出你能改变这些习惯的方法”符合语境，故选A。
【39题详解】
根据后文“Consider making a lifestyle plan that includes clean eating, exercise, and time to rest and relax. You could create a plan around three solid, clean meals. Your plan should include meals that meet all of your needs to keep your health and well-being.(考虑制定一个生活计划，包括干净的饮食，锻炼，休息和放松的时间。你可以制定一个关于三顿固定的，干净的饮食的计划。 你的计划应该包括满足你所有需求的食物，以保持你的健康和幸福)”可知，后文主要论述了通过制定生活计划，来保持干净饮食习惯的办法，D选项中plan对应后文中plan。故D选项“制定一个计划来改变你的饮食，这样对你的生活更干净、更健康”符合语境，故选D。
【40题详解】
根据上文“Talk to a doctor about your eating habits. If you're unsure of how to eat more cleanly, consider talking to your doctor or a registered dietician about how to replace processed foods with natural choices.(和医生谈谈你的饮食习惯。 如果你不确定如何吃得更干净，考虑向你的医生或注册营养师咨询如何用天然食品代替加工食品)”以及后文“If you don't want to turn to a doctor, there are resources on the Internet that can help you develop the best eating plan for yourself.(如果你不想去看医生，网上有一些资源可以帮助你制定最好的饮食计划)”可知，上文提到向医生咨询改变饮食习惯的办法，后文则提到了不去看医生的办法，可推测本句承接上文在说明医生对制定合理饮食计划的作用，C选项中They指代上文中doctor or a registered dietician。故C选项“他们通常可以帮助你制定最合理的饮食计划”符合语境，故选C。
第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Back in the summer of 2016, China’s Gobi Super Marathon, a 155 mile race across the Gobi Desert, officially ___41___.
Dion Leonard a seasoned British athlete, had been invited for that ___42___, who had finished some of the toughest races on the planet. On the first evening, a dog kept following him wagging its tail. Dion didn’t want to be ___43___ because he was devoted to this race. Just after ___44___ it for a while, he took it aside and turned back to the camp. But the touches changed the ___45___ of his life.
On departure the next day, the puppy ___46___ again at the starting line. He thought it was a coincidence (巧合). But when Dion started to run, the puppy followed. It was too easy to be lonely and ___47___ in a game like this. Determined to Dion’s break loneliness, the puppy brought great ___48___ and encouragement to Dion. Not only did the puppy not become a burden to him, ___49___, it’s the best companion on the boring track. Since they met in the Gobi Desert, Dion gave it the name Gobi.
On this long journey, one man, one dog silently ___50___ each other. They ran together, they shared water and food, they camped together under the stars. Dion also gradually forgot the ___51___ of the road, and suddenly let go of his obsession (痴迷) with rank.
After being with Dion for 125 kms, Gobi finally ran out of ___52___ and Dion had to put it in a first-aid car. Three days later, when Dion reappeared in the view of Gobi, it broke free and ran ___53___ to Dion. They rushed to the finishing line together.
___54___, Dion came in second. Gobi also won a medal from the organizers. Dion has no ___55___ about missing out on the championship because Gobi was the best prize on his trip.
41. A. paid off B. kicked off C. took off D. broke off
42. A. ceremony B. competition C. interview D. show
43. A. bothered B. abandoned C. bitten D. attracted
44. A. watching B. feeding C. touching D. following
45. A. quality B. dream C. budget D. course
46. A. coughed B. starved C. appeared D. barked
47. A. desperate B. amusing C. hopeful D. ambitious
48. A. treasure B. shelter C. comfort D. pressure
49. A. however B. instead C. otherwise D. therefore
50. A. respecting B. accompanying C. protecting D. wishing
51. A. hardship B. happiness C. distance D. destination
52. A. money B. food C. patience D. energy
53. A. gradually B. hesitantly C. unwillingly D. firmly
54. A. Thankfully B. Fortunately C. Eventually D. Undoubtedly
55. A. regret B. argument C. surprise D. desire
【答案】41. B 42. B 43. A 44. C 45. D 46. C 47. A 48. C 49. B 50. B 51. A 52. D 53. D 54. C 55. A
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在跑马拉松的漫长的旅途中，Dion Leonard与一条狗Gobi默默地陪伴着对方的故事。
【41题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：早在2016年夏天，穿越戈壁沙漠155英里的中国戈壁超级马拉松正式拉开帷幕。A. paid off付清；B kicked off (比赛、事件)开始；C. took off起飞；D. broke off断绝。通过上文“China’s Gobi Super Marathon, a 155 mile race across the Gobi Desert”可知，本段讲的是马拉松，设空处应为马拉松比赛开始。故选B项。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Dion Leonard，一位经验丰富的英国运动员，被邀请参加这场比赛，他完成了世界上最艰难的比赛。A. ceremony仪式；B. competition比赛；C. interview采访；D. show展示。根据下文“toughest races”可知，Dion Leonard被邀请参加比赛。故选B项。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Dion不想被打扰，因为他全身心地投入到这场比赛中。A. bothered打扰；B. abandoned遗弃；C. bitten咬；D. attracted吸引。根据下文“because he was devoted to this race”可推知，Dion全身心投入这项比赛，故不想被打扰。故选A项。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他摸了一会儿，就把它拿到一边，转身回到营地。A. watching看；B. feeding喂食；C. touching触摸；D. following跟随。根据下文“the touches changed”可推知，Dion摸了这只小狗。故选C项。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这些接触改变了他的人生历程。A. quality质量；B. dream梦想；C. budget预算；D. course进程。通过上文“the touches changed”以及下文“of his life”可推知，触摸改变了他的生活，固定搭配the course of one’s life意为“某人的一生”。故选D项。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天出发时，小狗又出现在起跑线上。A. coughed咳嗽；B. starved使挨饿；C. appeared出现；D. barked吠叫。通过下文“again at the starting line”可推知，当Dion离开后，在起跑线又遇见了这个小狗。故选C项。
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这样一场比赛中，孤独和绝望太容易了。A. desperate绝望的；B. amusing有趣的；C. hopeful充满希望的；D. ambitious有野心的。根据文章首段可知，Dion参加的是马拉松比赛，通过上文“It was too easy to be lonely”可推知，马拉松路程长，所以很容易令人感到孤独和绝望。故选A项。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：决心打破Dion的孤独，小狗给Dion带来了极大的安慰和鼓励。A. treasure宝藏；B. shelter住所；C. comfort安慰；D. pressure压力。根据下文“encouragement to Dion”可推知，设空处空应选与之相类似的名词，表并列。故选C项。
【49题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：小狗不仅没有成为他的负担，相反，它是在无聊的道路上最好的伙伴。A. however然而；B. instead反而；C. otherwise否则；D. therefore因此。根据上文“Not only did the puppy not become a burden to him”以及下文“it’s the best companion on the boring track”可知，设空处前后呈转折关系，故使用副词instead。故选B项。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这漫长的旅途中，一个人，一条狗默默地陪伴着对方。A. respecting尊重；B. accompanying陪伴；C. protecting保护；D. wishing希望。根据上文“it’s the best companion on the boring track”可知，Dion与Gobi默默地陪伴着对方。故选B项。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Dion也渐渐忘记了路上的艰辛，并突然放下了自己对排名的痴迷。A. hardship艰难；B. happiness幸福；C. distance距离；D. destination终点。通过上文“On this long journey”可推知，路途是漫长而艰辛的，通过下文“and suddenly let go of his obsession with rank”可知，通过Gobi的陪伴，Dion渐渐忘记了路上的艰辛。故选A项。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在和Dion一起跑了125公里后，Gobi终于耗尽了精力，Dion只好把它放在急救车里。A. money金钱；B. food食物；C. patience耐心；D. energy精力。通过上文“After being with Dion for 125 kms”以及下文“Dion had to put it in a first-aid car”可推知，Gobi跑了125km后，最后精疲力竭，被Dion送到了急救车上，固定搭配run out of energy意为“能力耗尽、精疲力竭”。故选D项。
【53题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：三天后，Dion再次出现在Gobi的视野中，它挣脱了束缚，坚定地向Dion跑去。A. gradually逐渐地；B. hesitantly犹豫地；C. unwillingly不情愿地；D. firmly坚定地。通过下文“They rushed to the finishing line together.”可推知，Gobi看见Dion后，坚定地向他跑去。故选D项。
【54题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，Dion获得了第二名。A. Thankfully感激地；B. Fortunately幸运地；C. Eventually最终；D. Undoubtedly毫无疑问。通过下文“Dion came in second”可知，此处说的是Dion最后的比赛结果。故选C项。
【55题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Dion不后悔错过了冠军，因为Gobi是他此行的最佳奖品。A. regret后悔；B. argument争论；C. surprise使诧异；D. desire渴望。通过上文的“no”以及下文“about missing out on the championship because Gobi was the best prize on his trip”可推知，Dion对于错过了冠军并不后悔，因为Gobi是对他最好的奖励。故选A项。
第二节（共10小题：每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Traveling abroad is gaining more___56___ (popular). Therefore, in order to leave a good impression on foreign people and avoid getting ___57___ (you) into trouble, it is important to know the things that you should never do when you are visiting another country. In Japan, don't tip anyone. Tipping is just not part of ___58___culture. If you leave the tip on the table, they will come running after you with it. Do not enter some certain places ___59___your shoes on. For example, some ___60___ (tradition) Japanese restaurants require you to take off shoes before ___61___(enter). Just follow suit and you won't go wrong. When you're in Russia, never give even number of flowers as a gift. That's for dead people. A proper bouquet (花束) should consist of flowers with the number like 1, 3, 5, 7, etc. In some holy (神圣的) places like temples in India, trousers or dresses ___62___ show anything above the ankles are considered unacceptable and therefore ___63___ (official) banned. This ___64___ (apply) to both sexes. If you're in Singapore, don't feed birds, bring pets into public, or eat or drink on public transport. All of these actions will get you ___65___ (fine).
【答案】56. popularity 57. yourself 58. the 59. with 60. traditional
61. entering/entry 62. that/which 63. officially 64. applies 65. fined
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在海外旅游需要注意的文化差异。例举了在日本、俄罗斯、印度和新加坡旅游需要注意的事项。
【56题详解】
考查名词。句意：国外旅行正受欢迎。空处做宾语，应填名词popularity，不可数名词。故填popularity。
【57题详解】
考查反身代词。句意：因此，为了给外国人留下好印象避免自己陷入麻烦，很重要的一点是知道当你在另一个国家旅游时不要做的事情。根据句意可知，动作发生在主语自己身上，应用反身代词。故填yourself。
【58题详解】
考查冠词。句意：给小费不是日本文化的一部分。特指日本文化，需要用定冠词the。故填the。
【59题详解】
考查介词。句意：在特定的地点不能穿鞋进入。此处with表示伴随状态，意为“穿着”。故填with。
【60题详解】
考查形容词。句意：例如，一些传统的日本饭馆要求在进店之前脱掉鞋子。空处前面是Some且后面是Japanese Restaurant，因此空处应填形容词。故填traditional。
【61题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，一些传统的日本饭馆要求在进店之前脱掉鞋子。句中enter的逻辑主语是you，与主语是主动关系，因此可以填entering。before为介词，其后可接名词，因此也可以填entry。故填entering或entry。
【62题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在印度一些神圣的地方，像是寺庙，不能遮住脚踝以上的裤子或者裙子都被认为是不可接受的，因此官方禁止了。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是trousers or dresses，指物，在从句中做主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。
【63题详解】
考查副词。句意：在印度一些神圣的地方，像是寺庙，不能遮住脚踝以上高的裤子或者裙子都被认为是不可接受的，因此官方禁止了。修饰后文的过去分词banned，需要用副词officially做状语。故填officially。
【64题详解】
考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：这条禁令男女都适用。主语是this，句子前后时态都为一般现在时。故填applies。
【65题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：所有的这些动作会让你被罚款。空处的提示词fine与宾语you之间存在被动关系，应填写过去分词fined做宾语补足语。故填fined。
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假如你是李华，你的好友王芳在中学生英语演讲比赛中荣获一等奖。请你根据以下内容，给她写一封祝贺信。内容包括：
1. 表达你的愉悦心情；
2. 向她表示祝贺；
3. 请她介绍成功的经验。
注意：
1.词数 80 左右；
2. 开头和结尾已为你写好，但不计入总词数；
3. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：英语演讲比赛 the English Speech Contest
Dear Wang Fang,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Wang Fang,
I hear that you have won first prize in the English Speech Contest of Middle School Students, so I’m writing to give my sincere congratulations.
You don’t know how excited I was when I heard the good news. I am proud of you! Your pronunciation and fluent English made a profound impression on me. It came as no surprise to me that you won the contest. Could you share with me how you improve your spoken English? Your experience will be of great help to me in learning.
I will be grateful if you can write me back and give me your advice. I am looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给好友王芳写一封祝贺信，祝贺她在中学生英语演讲比赛中荣获一等奖。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：pleased→excited
消息：information→news
口头的：oral→spoken
感激的：thankful→grateful
2句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I am proud of you!
拓展句：Because I am your best friend, I am proud of you!
【点睛】[高分句型1] You don’t know how excited I was when I heard the good news. (运用了宾语从句、感叹句式以及时间状语从句)
[高分句型2] It came as no surprise to me that you won the contest. (运用了that引导的主语从句，It作形式主语)
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I grew up in a large family of twelve siblings（兄弟姐妹）.We weren’t poor by most standards, but things were definitely tight for us. My parents never shared their financial worries. Instead, they chose to let us have a carefree childhood. But despite their consideration, I knew, as children often do, that there were times they went without and that certain things my friends had wouldn’t be available to me.
Back in those days, hot lunch was a luxury for the wealthier kids, and hot-lunch buyers sat separately from the students who brought cold lunch. My siblings and I brought lunch from home every day: thick slices of homemade bread hiding one scant slice of bologna, three oatmeal cookies, and a small apple. We would look on longingly as the rich kids proudly sat down with their steaming plates of fried chicken or fish sticks and potato puffs, cartons of cold milk, chilled peaches and a slice of cake.
I never said anything, but my first grade teacher, Mrs. Caruso, must have seen the desire in my eyes. One day she quietly pressed a note into my hand and whispered, “Give this to your mother.”
I skipped home and gave my mom the note. She read it and smiled. “Well, Mrs. Caruso said because of all your hard work, she wants to buy your lunch tomorrow.” The next day, I proudly carried my tray of chicken fricassee across the cafeteria and took my seat at the hot-lunch table. Honestly, the food wasn’t as great as I had imagined, but I was pleased to be there and felt honored to be a part of the group.
One rainy day, Mrs. Caruso asked me to stay after school. My stomach instantly dropped to the floor. Surely, I must be in trouble! Did she know I hadn't finished my math sheet? Did she see me teasing Billy on the playground?
注意：
1、续写词数应为150左右；
2、请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
After the other students had left, Mrs, Caruso said she was going to finish her work and then drive me home.
Paragraph 2:
I don’t know why Mrs. Caruso helped my family.

【参考范文】
Paragraph 1:
After the other students had left, Mrs. Caruso said she was going to finish her work and then drive me home. It was raining, and she knew I had a long walk. We pulled up at my house and she got out, taking out a few bags on the porch. “Tell your mom I had a few extra things she might want,” she said Then she drove away. Inside the bags were clothes, toys, and books. That summer, Mrs. Caruso invited us all to her home. She gave us lemonade and sugar cookies, and we were amazed at the fancy fruits in her backyard.
Paragraph 2:
I don’t know why Mrs. Caruso helped my family. Maybe she also grew up in a family that struggled. Maybe she knew what it was like to feel just a little less than everyone else. Somehow, even with her quiet char-ity, she never made me feel ashamed. She just made me feel loved and important. Thanks to her, I learned that I had just as much night as anyone to sit at the hot-lunch table. I don’t remember what Mrs. Caruso looked like anymore, but I do remember how she made me feel. I’ve never lost that feeling of being important to someone and being protected by her. After all these years, I’m still grateful to that wonderful teacher.
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，所给文章主要讲述作者在学生时期，因为家里孩子较多条件不好，总是吃不到热的午餐，老师Mrs. Caruso看在眼里，主动为作者买了午餐，让作者内心感到很满足。后来有一天，Mrs. Caruso让作者下课后留下来，这让作者很紧张，以为自己闯了祸要被老师惩罚。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“其他学生走后，Mrs. Caruso说她马上干完工作，然后开车送我回家。”可知，第一段可描写Mrs. Caruso送作者回家后发生的事情。
②由第二段首句内容“我不知道Mrs. Caruso为什么要帮助我家里。”可知，第二段可描写作者对于Mrs. Caruso帮助自己和家人这件事的感想。
2.续写线索：送回家——帮助——感谢——铭记——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①停下来：pull up/stop
②告诉：tell/talk to
③保护：protect/defend
情绪类
①.感谢：be grateful/show one’s appreciation/show one’s gratitude
②惊讶于：be amazed at/be surprised at
【点睛】
[高分句型1]. We pulled up at my house and she got out, taking out a few bags on the porch.（and连接的并列句以及现在分词短语作状语）
[高分句型2]. Maybe she also grew up in a family that struggled.（that引导的定语从句）
[高分句型3]. Maybe she knew what it was like to feel just a little less than everyone else.（what引导的宾语从句）