第四题 语法填空-2022年高三毕业班英语第X题满分练（全国通用）

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第四题 语法填空

语法填空，以说明文和记叙文为主，在一篇短文中留出10空白，分为有提示词填空题型和无提示词填空题型。该题型强调在语篇环境中考查考生加工处理语言信息、分析句子结构、熟练运用语法知识和词汇知识的能力。
以2021年高考英语全国卷为例。

年份
体裁
话题
命题分析
考点分布

全国甲卷
记叙文
文章介绍了作者游览西安长城的活动。
1. 语法填空有注重基础，突出主干的特点。
2. 体现课标理念，引导中学英语教学加强对学生精细阅读能力和语言知识运用能力的培养。

主要考查时态语态、介词、非谓语动词、形容词、连词、冠词等语法知识点。
全国乙卷
说明文
这是一篇说明文。主要讲述生态旅游通常被认为是到原始地区的低影响旅游。
主要考查形容词、名词、代词、固定句型、冠词、介词、名词、非谓语动词等语法知识点。
全国I卷
说明文
文章介绍黄山的三种代表性的事物—云海，温泉以及台阶。
主要考查主语从句、名词、形容词副词、时态、连词、代词、冠词语法知识点。


例题 （2021年全国I卷）
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”. ____56____is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____57____ (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ____58____(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ____59____ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ____60____(astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____61____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ____62____offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ____63____ (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____64____(I).While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ____65____ must to visit!
【答案】56. What 57. humans 58. undoubtedly 59. hotter 60. astonished
61. was 62. and 63. aching 64. mine 65. a
【解析】本文属于说明文。文章介绍黄山的三种代表性的事物——云海，温泉以及台阶。
56. 考查主语从句。句意：这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句，从句缺乏主语，应用what引导，指代“经历的事情”。故填What。
57. 考查名词复数。句意：当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海，你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语，we为复数，应用human的复数形式。故填humans。
58. 考查副词。句意：它无疑会帮助你恢复精神！修饰动词help，应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填undoubtedly。
59. 考查形容词比较级。句意：关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是，气温越低，温泉越暖和。此处是固定结构“the +比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越……，越……”。故填hotter。
60. 考查形容词。句意：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾形容词。故填astonished。
61. 考查一般过去时。句意：你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知，“how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语，it是从句的形式主语，不定式为真正主语，谓语动词用单数形式，安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填was。
62. 考查连词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子可知，“highlights the whole adventure”与“offers a place”部分为并列关系，都是作it的谓语，故用并列连词and。
63. 考查形容词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知，此处应用形容词aching“疼痛的”修饰名词legs，意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。
64. 考查代词。句意：正如歌中所唱，这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”，它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知，本句为does指代前一句的stick，本句缺乏宾语，应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memory。故填mine。
65. 考查冠词。句意：当你在中国的时候，黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时，意为“绝对必要的事物”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”，应用不定冠词，must是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。

一、语法填空01
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A 10-year-old boy, Vidyun R Hebbar, has won a prestigious (有声望的) international wildlife photography competition for his shot of a spider ___1___ (make) its web in the light of a passing tuk tuk. The fifth grader, ___2___ started taking photographs at the age of three, lives in Bengaluru and ___3___ (enjoy) capturing (捕捉) everyday city creatures that are often overlooked. He found this tiny tent spider, with a leg span of less than 15 mm, in its web in ___4___gap in a wall at the local theme park. A passing tuk tuk provided the ___5___(color) backdrop to set off the spider’s web, a network of tangled threads that formed a dome and made it difficult for prey (猎物) ___6___(escape).
You never know where that award-winning image is going to come from. “The judges loved this photo from the beginning of the judging process,” said Dr. Natalie Cooper. “It is a great reminder to look more ___7___(close) at the small animals we live ___8___ every day, and to take your camera with you everywhere.”
Vidyun ___9___ (win) at the age of 10. His photograph also earned him the overall title of Young Wildlife Photographer of the Year, which is open to ____10____ (photograph) aged up to18. The famous awards celebrate the beauty of our natural world, including habitats, animal behaviour and extraordinary species.
【答案】1．making 2．who 3．enjoys 4．a 5．colorful##colourful
6．to escape 7．closely 8．with 9．won 10．photographers
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述一名10岁的男孩Vidyun R Hebbar赢得了一项享有盛誉的国际野生动物摄影比赛，并介绍他的作品。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：一名10岁的男孩Vidyun R Hebbar赢得了一项享有盛誉的国际野生动物摄影比赛，因为他在经过的嘟嘟车的光线下拍摄了一只蜘蛛织网。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词。a spider与make是主谓关系，故填现在分词making，作后置定语，故填making。
2．考查定语从句。句意：这位五年级学生从三岁开始拍照，住在Bengaluru，喜欢捕捉经常被忽视的日常城市生物。分析句子结构可知，本句是定语从句，先行词是The fifth grader，指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，故填who。
3．考查时态和主谓一致。根据and是并列连词，连接的并列成分，词性和词形需一致。故此处与lives并列，故填谓语动词。主语The fifth grader是单数，谓语动词变单三，故填enjoys。
4．考查冠词。句意：他在当地主题公园一堵墙的裂口处的蜘蛛网上发现了这只腿跨度小于15毫米的小桔云蜘蛛。gap是可数名词，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词修饰，gap以辅音音素开头，故填a。
5．考查形容词。句意：经过的嘟嘟车提供了丰富多彩的背景，显示出了蜘蛛网，蜘蛛网是一个缠绕的线网络，形成了一个圆顶，使猎物难以逃脱。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应用形容词，作定语，修饰名词backdrop。故填colorful/colourful。
6．考查不定式。分析句子结构可知，本句考查的句子结构是：made it difficult for prey to do sth.，其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是其后的不定式，故填to escape。
7．考查副词。句意：这是一个很好的提醒，要更密切地观察我们每天与之一起生活的小动物，并随身携带相机。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应填副词，作状语，修饰动词短语look at，故填closely。
8．考查介词。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查短语live with…表示“与……生活在一起”，故填with。
9．考查时态。句意：Vidyun在10岁时获奖。根据时间状语at the age of 10可知，时态用一般过去时，谓语动词变过去式，故填won。
10．考查名词的数。句意：他的照片还为他赢得了年度青年野生动物摄影师的称号，该称号向18岁以下的摄影师开放。根据句意可知，此处指“所有18岁以下的摄影师”，故用可数名词复数，故填photographers。
二、语法填空02
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A second-grade education has not stopped garbage collector Jose Gutierrez, aged 53, from bringing the gift of reading to thousands of Colombian ____11____ (child).
Gutierrez started rescuing books from the garbage nearly 20 years ago. He always drove a garbage truck through the country’s wealthier neighborhoods. Over time, the ____12____ (abandon) reading material slowly piled up. And now the ground floor of his small house is fled from floor to ceiling ____13____ some 20,000 books, ranging from chemistry textbooks to classics for kids.
He says books are treasures for kids in low-income neighborhoods such as ____14____ (he). New reading material at bookstores is too expensive and public libraries tend ____15____ (be) far away from poorer areas. “This should be on each corner of every neighborhood,” says Gutierrez. He has a love of reading ____16____ he says comes from his mother. She always read to him even though she was ____17____ poor to keep him in school.
So far, Gutierrez ____18____ (travel) to book fairs in Mexico and Chile to share his experience of starting a library. “To me, the book is the greatest ____19____ (invent) that can happen to a human being,” he says, adding that he does not reject technology that allows books to be read _____20_____ (digital), but he prefers to read the printed words on paper.
【答案】11．children 12．abandoned 13．with 14．his 15．to be
16．that##which 17．too 18．has traveled##has travelled
19．invention 20．digitally
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了53岁的拾荒者Jose Gutierrez，在二十年来，一直将垃圾中的书籍保留下来并提供给哥伦比亚孩子们。
11．考查名词的数。句意：小学二年级的教育并没有阻止53岁的拾荒者Jose Gutierrez把阅读这份礼物带给成千上万的哥伦比亚孩子。child为单数可数名词，根据上文的“thousands of”可知，空处需要用child的复数形式。故填children。
12．考查形容词。句意：随着时间的推移，被遗弃的阅读材料慢慢堆积起来。根据下文的“reading material”可知，空处需要用形容词修饰名词。再根据上文可知，这些书都是从垃圾中整理出来的，也就是被丢弃的。故填abandoned。
13．考查介词。句意：现在，他的小房子的一层从地板到天花板都堆满了书，大约2万本，从化学课本到经典儿童读物。根据下文“some 20,000 books”可知，空处填介词，表示“有”。故填with。
14．考查代词。句意：他说，对于像他这样的低收入社区的孩子来说，书是宝贵的财富。空处指的是“他的社区”，用名词性物主代词，表示“his neighborhood”。故填his。
15．考查非谓语动词。句意：书店的新读物太贵，而公共图书馆往往远离贫困地区。短语tend to do sth.倾向于做某事。故填to be。
16．考查定语从句。句意：他喜欢阅读，他说这是受他母亲的影响。句中先行词为a love of reading，在定语从句中担当宾语从句的主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
17．考查副词。句意：即使她穷得不能供他上学，她也总是读书给他听。短语too…to do sth.太……而不能做某事。故填too。
18．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，Gutierrez已经去过墨西哥和智利的书展，分享他创办图书馆的经验。根据so far可知，本句时态为现在完成时，主语单数，所以用has。故填has travel(l)ed。
19．考查名词。句意：他说：“对我来说，书是人类最伟大的发明。” 他补充说，他并不排斥数字化阅读的技术，但他更喜欢阅读纸质印刷的文字。根据上文“the greatest”可知，空处需填名词形式，且主语为the book单数，所以用单数形式。故填invention。
20．考查副词。空处修饰动词read用副词形式。故填digitally。
三、语法填空03
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The demand for Chinese as a foreign language is growing fast, both in English-speaking countries like USA ____21____ in other countries like France. The number of the students studying Chinese ____22____ (increase) in recent years.
There ____23____ (be) a number of reasons for the interest. As China develops economically, opportunities for ____24____ (do) business increase dramatically. If you know your partner’s language, your chances of success increase. But there is also a renewed interest in the culture and traditions of China. In fact, the Chinese culture for over 5,000 years is ____25____ source of curiosity and fascination for people in other parts of the world.
A third reason is ____26____ learning Chinese is simply a challenge. With ____27____ (it)characters and complicated tone system,most speakers of other languages think Chinese must be incredibly difficult. But is it ____28____ (real) so? As one American student says, “One of the ____29____ (big) problems about learning Chinese is often fear-sometimes ____30____ (cause) by the teachers. I’ve studied quite a few languages, and none of them are as easy for me as Chinese.
【答案】21．and 22．has increased 23．are 24．doing 25．a
26．that 27．Its 28．really 29．biggest 30．caused
【解析】这是一篇说明文。现在越来越多的人学习汉语，文章主要讲了外国人学汉语的三个原因。
21．考查连词。句意：美国等英语国家和法国等其他国家，对汉语的需求都在快速增长。空前“English-speaking countries like USA”和空后“other countries like France”是并列关系；固定短语both…and…意为“两者都”。故填and。
22．考查时态。句意：近年来学习汉语的学生人数增加了。句中时间状语“in recent years”是现在完成时标志；the number of意为“……的数量”在句中做主语，谓语动词用单数。故填has increased。
23．考查主谓一致。句意：这种兴趣的产生有很多原因。本句话是there be句型，当there be后所接的名词是复数的可数名词时，be用复数are。句中“a number of reasons (很多原因)”是可数名词复数，且本句是在陈述客观事实，因此用be动词复数形式的一般现在时。故填are。
24．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着中国经济的发展，与中国人做生意的机会迅速增加。句中动词do做介词for的宾语，应填动名词做宾语。故填doing。
25．考查冠词。句意：事实上，5000多年的中国文化是让世界其他地方人们好奇和着迷源头。句中source是可数名词单数，需要有冠词修饰。source of curiosity and fascination泛指“好奇和着迷的源头”，所以用不定冠词。故填a。
26．考查名词性从句。句意：第三个原因是学习汉语是一种挑战。本句是is后的表语从句，从句不缺少成分，只起连接作用，所以用连接词that引导。故填that。
27．考查代词。句意：由于汉字和复杂的声调系统，大多数说其他语言的人认为汉语一定非常难学。此处意为“汉语的字形和声调系统”，因此应填形容词性物主代词来修饰名词characters。故填its。
28．考查副词。句意：但真的是这样吗？本句中so指代上文incredibly difficult，因difficult是形容词，应用副词修饰。故填really。
29．考查形容词最高级。句意：学习汉语最大的问题之一往往是恐惧，而这种恐惧是老师引起的。固定用法one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数意为“最……的之一”。故填biggest。
30．考查非谓语动词。本句谓语动词是is，因此cause是非谓语动词做定语修饰fear，因“fear恐惧”和“cause造成”是被动关系。故填caused。
四、语法填空04
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s record-setting Shenzhou 13 missionis in the books.
After orbiting Earth for six months, ____31____ three crew members of China’s Shenzhou XIII mission have departed ____32____ the Tiangong space station and returned to the mother planet on Saturday morning, finishing the nation’s ____33____(long) manned spaceflight.
Shortly after landing, all three astronauts radioed that they were feeling fine after their long space mission, bringing ____34____(applaud) from the China National Space Administration’s mission control center in Beijing.
Shenzhou 13 set other national marks as well. For example, the mission’s Wang Yaping became the first woman to live aboard Tianhe and the first Chinese woman ever ____35____ (conduct) a spacewalk.
Wang was joined on Shenzhou 13 by Ye Guangfu and Zhai Zhigang, ____36____ commanded the mission. They were very busy during their six months in orbit. The astronauts — or taikonauts, as Chinese spaceflyers are called — performed two spacewalks, conducted more than 20 different scientific experiments and delivered two live ____37____(education) lectures from Tianhe.
The Shenzhou 13 crew also spent some time ____38____(get) Tianhe ready for its next round of visitors, which will arrive ____39____(relative) soon; the Shenzhou 14 mission ____40____(expect) to launch in early June.
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了4月16日上午，神舟十三号载人飞船返回舱在东风着陆场预定区域成功着陆。神舟十三号三名航天员安全顺利出舱的基本情况。
31．考查冠词。句意：在绕地球飞行6个月后，中国神舟十三号的三名宇航员于周六上午离开天宫空间站返回地球，完成了中国最长的载人航天飞行。结合语境，此处特指神州十三号上的三名宇航员，应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
32．考查介词。结合句意表达“与……分离”用depart from。故填from。
33．考查形容词最高级。结合常识可知，神州十三号是目前中国飞行最长的载人航天器，故此处应用long的最高级修饰名词词组manned spaceflight。故填longest。
34．考查名词。句意：着陆后不久，三名宇航员都通过无线电表示他们在长期的太空任务后感觉良好，这引起了北京中国国家航天局任务控制中心的掌声。空处应用名词作bring的宾语，applause“掌声”是不可数名词。故填applause。
35．考查不定式。句意：例如，这次任务的王亚平成为第一位生活在天河号上的女性，也是第一位进行太空行走的中国女性。当名词被序数词修饰时，通常用不定式作后置定语。故填to conduct。
36．考查定语从句。句意：神舟13号的任务中，叶光福和翟志刚也加入了王亚平的行列，翟志刚指挥这次任务。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Zhai Zhigang，指人，从句缺少主语，应用who引导。故填who。
37．考查形容词。句意：他们在轨道上的六个月非常忙碌。这些宇航员——中国宇航员被称为“太空人”——进行了两次太空行走，进行了20多次不同的科学实验，并在天河进行了两次现场教育讲座。修饰名词lectures应用形容词，educational lectures“教育讲座”。故填educational。
38．考查动名词。句意：神舟13号的工作人员还花了一些时间让天河做好迎接下一轮访客的准备，这轮访客将很快抵达；根据spend+时间+(in) doing sth.“花时间做某事”可知，空处应用get的动名词形式作宾语。故填getting。
39．考查副词。修饰副词soon应用副词relatively。故填relatively。
40．考查时态和语态。句意：神舟14号任务预计将于6月初发射。主语the Shenzhou 14 mission和expect之间是被动关系，且此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is expected。
五、语法填空05
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The National Art Gallery, located at the heart of Canberra, Australia, is a must to visit. The architecture of the gallery ____41____（it） is impressive and unique. Many types of paintings are ____42____（separate） on display based on the painters' country of origin. It is roughly estimated that there ____43____（be） at least a thousand paintings in the gallery. It even has a special section ____44____ paintings by art students are exhibited. The quality and the imagination of the young painters are also extraordinary.
Among all those exhibits, the aboriginal （土著的）paintings are the most ____45____（strike）. There is a sad history surrounding the natives of Australia. In the 19th century, when white ____46____（settler） came to Australia, most of the children of the aboriginals ____47____（take） away from their own parents and brought up by white parents. Some of the paintings express this theme, which could move visitors ____48____ tears.
During holidays, the gallery is always crowded with parents and their children. It is amazing ____49____（see） small children appreciating such abstract paintings.
The National Art Gallery is truly ____50____ attraction worth visiting.
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了位于澳大利亚堪培拉中心地带的一个值得参观的景点——国家美术馆。
41．考查代词。句意：美术馆本身的建筑风格令人印象深刻，独具特色。分析句子可知，空处代词作同位语强调The architecture of the gallery本身。故填itself。
42．考查副词。句意：根据画家的原籍国，还分别展出了多种绘画。分析句子可知，空处应用副词separately作状语，修饰空后的介词短语on display。故填separately。
43．考查be动词。句意：据粗略估计，这个画廊里至少有一千幅画。根据空后的a thousand paintings可知，这里应用复数are。故填are。
44．考查定语从句引导词。句意：它甚至有一个专门的区域，展示艺术学生的绘画。分析句子可知，本句为定语从句，先行词 section指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语，因此应用关系副词where。故填where。
45．考查形容词。句意：在所有这些展品中，土著绘画是最引人注目的。根据句意及分析句子可知，be动词are后面应跟形容词，the+most+striking。故填striking。
46．考查名词。句意：在19世纪，当白人移民来到澳大利亚时，土著居民的孩子大多被从父母身边带走，由白人父母抚养长大。根据本句末尾的 white parents可知，空处的settler应用复数形式做主语。故填settlers。
47．考查被动语态。分析句子可知，children和take away之间是被动关系，因此应用被动语态，再根据空前的came 可知应用一般过去时。故填were taken。
48．考查介词。句意：有些画作表达了这一主题，能让参观者感动落泪。move sb. to/into tears为固定短语，意为“使某人感动得落泪”。故填to或into。
49．考查动词不定式。句意：看到小孩子欣赏这样的抽象画真是令人惊奇。分析句子结构可知，固定句型it is+adj.+to do sth.意为“做某事是怎么样的”，因此空处应用不定式。故填to see。
50．考查冠词。句意：国家美术馆确实是一个值得参观的景点。分析句子可知，attraction为可数名词单数，且是元音音素开头，因此空处应用不定冠词an。故填an。
六、语法填空06
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
According to a report of the United Nations, the world wasted about 17% of the food produced, ___51___(amount) to 1. 03 billion tons of food last year. Most of the waste happened at homes. Restaurants were responsible for about 26%. The rest ___52___(throw) away by stores. Surprisingly, food was wasted ___53___ the same rate in poor countries. Many people thought rich countries were more likely ___54___(waste) food than less developed countries. However, that turned out not to be true. In fact, some richer countries wasted far ___55___(little) food than the average. But people in richer countries may waste more at restaurants. That certainly seems to be the case in the US, ___56___ the waste numbers for restaurants are higher. In some cases, labels (标签) might cause food waste. People often throw away food even though it’s still good to eat, just because the container’s “Best By” date has passed. In poor countries, food may be wasted because not all homes have a refrigerator.
___57___ is important for countries to study food waste more carefully in order to figure out some ____58____(measure) to solve the problem. So far, people___59___(try) some possible uses of food waste, including making food for animals, creating compost (堆肥)to help crops grow, or burning leftovers to create energy. The most important thing is to keep food from ___60___(simple)going into the garbage.
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章指出食物浪费非常严重，而且贫穷国家的食物浪费和发达国家一样，另外食物上的标签也会导致浪费更多的食物。文章呼吁找出应对食物浪费的措施。
51．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据联合国的一份报告，世界浪费了约17%的粮食产量，去年达到10.3亿吨粮食。句中已有谓语动词wasted，空处作状语应用非谓语动词，amount to与逻辑主语food之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填amounting。
52．考查时态和语态。句意：其余的都被商店扔掉了。结合语境，陈述过去的事情，且主语the rest(其余的食物)和throw之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，the rest(其余的食物)不可数，be动词用was。故填was thrown。
53．考查介词。句意：令人惊讶的是，贫穷国家的粮食浪费率是相同的。结合句意表达“以……的速率”用at the...rate。故填at。
54．考查不定式。句意：许多人认为富裕国家比欠发达国家更容易浪费粮食。根据be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”可知，空处应填不定式。故填to waste。
55．考查比较级。句意：事实上，一些富裕国家浪费的粮食远远低于平均水平。根据than可知，此处应用little的比较级修饰名词food。故填less。
56．考查定语从句。句意：在美国似乎确实如此，那里餐馆的垃圾数量更高。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the US在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
57．考查代词。句意：各国必须更仔细地研究食物垃圾，以便找出一些解决问题的措施。分析可知，此处为固定句型：it be+adj.+for sb. to do sth.“对于某人来说做某事是……的”，it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语。故填It。
58．考查名词的数。句意：各国必须更仔细地研究食物垃圾，以便找出一些解决问题的措施。measure作“措施”时是可数名词，被some修饰应用其复数形式。故填measures。
59．考查时态。句意：到目前为止，人们已经尝试了食物垃圾的一些可能用途，包括为动物制造食物、制造堆肥以帮助作物生长，或者燃烧剩菜以产生能量。空处为句子谓语动词，结合语境和时间状语so far判断为现在完成时，主语people是复数，助动词用have。故填have tried。
60．考查副词。句意：最重要的是防止食物直接进入垃圾箱。修饰动词短语going into the garbege应用副词形式。故填simply。
七、语法填空07
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Some people love to read books. They can’t get enough of the____61____ (print) word. Others have a big appetite for making and eating food. Well, if you are both an____62____ (enthusiasm)   reader and eater, you may want to take part in an edible book festival, ____63____ you can have your book and eat it, too!
In such festivals, people create projects and present____64____ to judges. There are two rules: the project must be made of food, and it must be based____65____ a book. For example, someone might make the chocolate factory from Charlie and the Chocolate Factory with chocolate bars.
Sometimes, judges award prizes for the best projects like “Best Pun.” A pun is a funny play on words that sound similar but have different____66____ (meaning), like tale and tail. A possible____67____ (win) for “Best Pun” might show Peter Rabbit, the character from The Tale of Peter Rabbit, with a tail made of marshmallow fluff (棉花糖). ____68____ (make) a pun, the project could be called “The Tail of Peter Rabbit”,____69____ title punny enough to make the judges laugh!
Given the fun and often silly nature, it’s not surprising that many of these festivals_____70_____ (hold) on April Fool’s Day!
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个可食用图书节， 在这个节日里，有一些非常有趣的活动，你可以积极参与，感受节日的快乐。
61．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们对印刷的文字不满足。分析句子结构， 此处修饰后面名词word，作前置定语，因print与word构成被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填printed。
62．考查形容词。句意：好吧，如果你既是一个热情的读者又是一个食客，你可能想参加一个可食用的图书节，在那里你可以拥有你的书，也可以吃它！此处修饰后面名词reader and eater，作前置定语，用形容词形式。enthusiastic热情的，符合题意。故填enthusiastic。
63．考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构，此句为非限制性定语从句。先行词book festival在从句you can have your book and eat it作状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。
64．考查代词。句意：在这样的节日里，人们创建项目并将其呈现给评委。根据句子，此处指代projects，作宾语用them。故填them。
65．考查介词。 句意：有两条规则：项目必须由食物构成，并且必须基于一本书。be based on“与……为基础”，固定搭配。故填on。
66．考查名词。句意：双关语是对听起来相似但含义不同的词的一种有趣的戏法，比如故事和尾巴。根据句意及tale and tail，可知此处meaning（含义）用复数形式，作宾语。故填meanings。
67．考查名词。句意：《最佳双关语》的一个可能的赢家可能是《彼得的故事》中的人物彼得兔子。根据Best Pun及 show Peter Rabbit，可推测此处表达“获胜者”作主语，结合前面有a，winner获胜者，符合题意。故填winner。
68．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了制作双关语，这个项目可以被称为“彼得兔的尾巴”，一个足以让评委发笑的标题！分析句子结构，此处用非谓语动词。结合语境，表达目的，用不定式短语。故填To make。
69．考查冠词。根据句子结构，此处作The Tail of Peter Rabbit的同位语，泛指“一个足以让评委发笑的标题”，用不定冠词a。故填a。
70．考查动词时态语态。句意：考虑到这种乐趣和愚蠢的天性，许多这样的节日都在愚人节举行也就不足为奇了！分析句子结构，此处作从句的谓语动词，与前面主语many of these festivals构成被动关系，讲述现在的事实用一般现在时，主语festivals是复数，故填are held。
八、语法填空08
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The impact of pandemic (流行病) on life expectancy (预期寿命), one of the most widely used standards to assess population health, was assessed by a study____71____(publish) in the Informational Journal Epidemiology. The study___72___(conduct) by the Oxford University's Leverhulme Centre for Demographic (人口的) Science.
The study revealed that women from 15 countries and men from 10 ended up____73____a lower life expectancy at birth in 2020 compared to 2015. ____74____biggest drops in life expectancy, however, were witnessed in men instead of women in most countries. American men were the worst off, with 2.2 years shaved off their life expectancy at birth. Men in Lithuania faced the second____75____(large) impact on their life expectancy, with a cut of 1.7 years.
Reductions in life expectancy overall____76____(occur) in 27 of the 29 countries analyzed by the study. Only men and women in Denmark and Norway and women in Finland managed to____77____(successful) avoid drops in life expectancy, the study said. Non-pharmaceutical interventions and strong healthcare systems in these countries were cited as____78____(factor) that could help explain this.
All the countries____79____life expectancy dropped had taken an average of 5、6 years_____80_____(achieve). Just a one year increase in life expectancy. The pandemic wiped out of this progress, the study said.
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是一项研究发现——大流行使人的预期寿命下降。
71．考查非谓语动词。句意：《流行病学信息杂志》发表的一项研究评估了大流行对预期寿命的影响，预期寿命是评估人口健康最广泛使用的标准之一。句中谓语是“was assessed”，空格处是非谓语动词，study和publish是被动关系，因此空格处用过去分词published，表被动。故填published。
72．考查动词语态。句意：这项研究是由牛津大学Leverhulme人口科学中心进行的。由by可知，句子用被动语态，由上文“was assessed by a study_____(publish) in the Informational Journal Epidemiology”可知，这个研究是过去进行的，因此空格处用一般过去时的被动语态，即was/were done，主语“The study”是单数，因此空格处是was conducted。故填was conducted。
73．考查介词。句意：研究显示，与2015年相比，来自15个国家的女性和10个国家的男性在出生时的预期寿命较低。“end up with”是固定短语，意为“以……而结束/告终”，因此空格处是介词with。故填with。
74．考查定冠词。句意：然而，在大多数国家，预期寿命下降最大的是男性，而不是女性。“biggest”是最高级，前面用定冠词the，位于句首，首字母大写，故填The。
75．考查形容词最高级。句意：立陶宛男性的预期寿命受到的影响排名第二，减少了1.7年。“the second”后跟最高级，large的最高级是largest，“the second largest”意为“第二大”，故填largest。
76．考查动词时态。句意：该研究分析的29个国家中，有27个国家的预期寿命整体下降。通篇时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式occurred。故填occurred。
77．考查副词。句意：研究称，只有丹麦和挪威的男性和女性以及芬兰的女性成功避免了预期寿命下降。空格处用副词修饰动词avoid，successful的副词是successfully，意为“成功地”。故填successfully。
78．考查名词复数。句意：这些国家的非药物干预措施和强大的卫生保健系统被列为有助于解释这一现象的因素。“Non-pharmaceutical interventions and strong healthcare systems”是复数，因此空格处用复数factors。故填factors。
79．考查定语从句。句意：所有预期寿命下降的国家平均都花了5, 6年的时间。分析句子结构可知，“life expectancy dropped”是定语从句，先行词countries是地方，在从句中作地点状语，因此空格处用关系副词where。故填where。
80．考查非谓语动词。“it takes/took sb. some time to do”是固定短语，意为“某人花了一些时间做这件事”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式，空格处所在句子是此固定短语的变形，因此空格处用不定式to achieve，故填to achieve。
九、语法填空09
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
White Cane Safety Day is an observance celebrated on October 14 of each year since 1964. It is a day of the White Cane, a tool that allows the visually impaired (障碍) people to travel independently and get ___81___ (identify) easily.
The White Cane ___82___ (introduce) by an American man called George A．Bonham. One day, he watched a man who was blind ___83___ (attempt) to cross a street. The man’s cane was black and motorists couldn’t see it, so Bonham proposed painting the cane white with a red stripe to make it more noticeable. The idea quickly ___84___ (catch) on around the U.S.,making the White Cane an important tool for blind people to move ___85___(safe).
Today, there are about 17,000,000 people with visual impairment in China, over 8,000,000 of ___86___ are blind. It is important that people raise awareness of their ___87___ (exist) and help, improve their living conditions.
Modern White Canes are becoming more and more lightweight and high-tech, making it ___88___ (easy) for them to travel independently.___89___ it usually takes more effort for them to receive education and pursue careers. Therefore, it is important that the whole society help create ____90____ barrier-free environment for them.
【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述白色手杖的由来和中国盲人的现状。
81．考查非谓语动词。句意：那是白色手杖的日子，白色手杖是一种可以让视力受损的人独立旅行，并且很容易被认出来的工具。固定短语get done，表示“遭受…，被…”的意思，所以用过去分词形式做表语。故填identified。
82．考查谓语动词。句意：国际盲人节是被一位叫George A. Bonham的美国人推荐的。句子描述的是过去的事情，所以谓语动词要用一般过去时，主语The White Cane和谓语动词introduce是被动的关系。故填was introduced。
83．考查非谓语动词。句意：一天，他看到一位盲人正在试图过马路。分析句子结构可知，固定搭配watch sb. doing sth.，表示“看到某人正在做某事”的意思。故填attempting。
84．考查谓语动词。句意：这个想法很快在全美国流行起来，使得白色手杖成为一个让盲人安全移动的重要工具。句子描述的是过去的事情，所以谓语动词要用一般过去时。故填caught。
85．考查副词。分析句子结构可知，这里要用副词修饰动词move。故填safely。
86．考查定语从句。句意：今天，在中国有大约1700万视力有障碍的人，超过800万都是盲人。分析句子结构可知，“over 8,000,000 of 　　　 are blind.”是定语从句，先行词是17,000,000 people，在从句中做介词of的宾语，指人。故填whom。
87．考查名词。句意：提高人们对他们的存在和帮助的意识很重要，这可以改善他们的生活条件。分析句子结构可知，前面有their修饰，做介词of的宾语，所以用名词，指抽象的意思，不可数。故填existence。
88．考查形容词比较级。句意：现代的白色手杖越来越轻并高科技，使得盲人们独立行走更容易了。分析句子结构和前文“ more and more lightweight ”可知，这里考查形容词比较级做宾补。故填easier。
89．考查连词。句意：然而，对于他们来说，接受教育和找工作要花更多的努力。分析句子上下文意思可知，前后两个句子是转折的关系。故填But/Yet。
90．考查冠词。句意：因此，全社会帮忙为他们创造一个无障碍环境很重要。分析句子结构可知，空格后有名词单数形式environment，这里泛指，表示“一个”的意思。故填a。