专题08 概要写作-【大题小卷】冲刺2022年高考英语大题限时集训（新高考专用）(32537812)

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专题08  概要写作-【大题小卷】冲刺2022年高考英语大题限时集训（原卷版）概要写作是高考英语浙江卷和上海卷中考查过的题型，分值占比15分。要求考生根据阅读材料一篇60字左右的内容概要, 用尽可能少的词汇和过渡手段展现原材料的主要思想和观点。平时训练时, 考生除了需要提高自己快速把握文章主旨和段落大意的能力外, 还需要提升自己的总结概括能力, 并熟练掌握非谓语动词等高级语法知识和词句过渡技巧。在概要写作前, 我们要通读短文, 确定其内容是属于那种类型, 然后选择确当的模板。注意： 尽量少使用原文语句, 多用自己的概括性的语言。  例1：（说明文）   It’s not piano lessons or dance classes. Nowadays, the biggest extra-curricular activity is going to a tutor. “I spend about 800 Canadian dollars a month on tutors. It’s costly,” says Pat, a mother in Canada. However, she adds, “after finding out half my daughter’s class had tutors, I felt like my child was going to fall behind because everyone else seemed to be ahead.”    Shelley, a mother of three, also has tutors constantly coming in and out of her home. “When I used to sit down with my children, it was hard to get them focused. I was always yelling. When I got a tutor once a week, they became focused for one entire hour and could get most of their homework done.” Tutoring isn’t simply a private school phenomenon. Nor is it geared only toward lower-achieving students. In Canada alone, seven percent of high school students reported using a tutor in 2010. That increased to 15 percent last year. Overall, parents hire tutors because they are worried schools are not meeting their expectations, but there is also a cultural shift. A special value is placed on education in Asia, where tutoring is viewed as an extension of the school day. As a large number of Asians emigrated to the West over the recent years, their attitudes towards education have had an impact. Another reason for the growth in business is parental frustration and their packed schedules. “A lot of parents just don’t have time to help their children with homework,” says Julie Diamond, president of an American tutoring company. “Others couldn’t help their children after Grade 3.”There has been a shift in the attitudes, too. “Children used to get bullied(欺侮) for having a tutor,” Diamond says. “Now it’s becoming the norm to have one.” Children don’t seem to mind that they have a tutor. One parent feels surprised that so many of her child’s classmates have tutors. “For the amount we pay in tuition, they should have as much extra help as they need,” she says. Still, she’s now thinking of getting a tutor. Why Her daughter has actually asked for one.   例2：（记叙文）I received a call today asking if I would be ready to bring food to a family in need. The mother was having a major operation and would be lying down for several weeks. Of course, I responded with an immediate “Yes!”. As I planned the meal in my head, I reflected on how many times over the years I had been asked to prepare food. I have done so countless times with a very open heart.    But the truly amazing thing is that I have received double over the course of my life. When my mother passed away，our house was filled with fresh dinners for weeks. A woman from the church of our community stopped by each evening with some food. The gift of food was her small way of trying to ease our pain.    Later in my life, when I was on bed rest during my pregnancy with twins, men of the church again stepped in to help. They arranged babysitting for my two­year­old daughter, and brought lovely dinners to our house. Even when I was put in the hospital, my husband would bring cooked meals to my hospital room. How we relied on these dinners to feed my tired husband and young daughter.Food is all about comfort. It feeds our bodies, but it can also feed our souls. When you hear people talking about their favorite holidays, it usually includes their feelings connected with sharing food. I know that I will have many more opportunities in my lifetime to prepare food for others. It is truly a gift I want to prepare and deliver to someone in need. 例3：（议论文）A good story encourages us to turn the next page and read more. We want to find out what happens next and what the main characters do and what they say to each other. We may feel excited, sad, afraid, angry or really happy. This is because the experience of reading or listening to a story is much more likely to make us 'feel' that we are part of the story, too. Just like in our 'real' lives, we might love or hate different characters in the story. Perhaps we recognize ourselves or others in some of them. Perhaps we have similar problems.    Because of this natural empathy with the characters, our brains process the reading of stories differently from the way we read factual information. Our brains don't always recognize the difference between an imagined situation and a real one so the characters become 'alive' to us. What they say and do is therefore more meaningful. This is why the words and structures that relate a story's events, descriptions and conversations are processed in this deeper way.    In fact, cultures all around the world have always used storytelling to pass knowledge from one generation to another. Our ancestors understood very well that this was the best way to make sure our histories and information about how to relate to others and to our world was not only understood, but remembered too. (Notice that the word 'history' contains the word 'story' – this is not a coincidence!)/ Encouraging your child to read or listen to stories should therefore help them to learn a second language in a way that is not only fun, but memorable.   根据阅读材料的不同：议论文：找出论点、论据和结论。其关键是找出主题句或结论句。若文中有一分为二的观点的,两种观点都要概括, 不要漏掉其中一方的观点。 说明文和新闻报道：通常会有中心句(多在首段), 写概要时要注意要找出中心句, 抓住关键词。对现象分析型说明文, 要找出“现象”、“造成这种现象的原因”、“解决这种现象或问题的措施或建议”。 记叙文：找出时间(when), 地点(where), 什么人(who), 做了什么事(what), 结果怎么样(how)等要素, 文章揭示了什么? (包括作者的看法、观点、感悟, 或写作目的) 做题步骤：1. 确定主题句。确定阅读文章的主题句, 一般在段首。没有主题句的需要自己组合。2. 寻找关键词。分析主题句意义, 确定关键词, 关键词一般体现为名词、形容词, 关键词的数目决定了概括的信息浓度。3. 确定时态和人称。如果阅读材料是过去时, 那么基本时态用过去时；如果是现在的, 那么基本时态用现在时。但模板的开头语一般为现在时, 如：The passage tells us that…一般情况下采用第三人称来写作。3. 重构主题句。概括的主题句逻辑上要统摄后面所有的支撑句。可以从作者的写作目的逆推, 反映写作目的主题句是高度抽象的, 它基本决定了概括的质量。4. 重组支撑句。支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句, 可以是补充过程或者提供证据。3、4两个步骤其实就是改写阅读材料的主题句和支撑句。口诀：简单概括, 缩长间短, 省却细腻。(见：间接引语。短：短的连词。细腻：细节和例子)5. 检查润色草稿。需要确保初稿准确完整, 再考虑誊抄。可以从以下几个方面来进行检查和润色。 句式多种多样：(1) 用it is/was...that...强调句式；(2) 用作状语的介词短语开头的完全倒装句或用以only in this way等开头的部分倒装句；(3) 用with的复合结构(with+宾语+宾补)作状语或定语；(4) 用非谓语动词；(5) 用what引导的名词性从句；(6) 用独立主格结构；(7) 恰当运用感叹句、被动句等；(8) 适当运用however, in my opinion,  fortunately, personally等插入语；(9) 尽量用短语代替单词来表达同样的意思; (10) 恰当使用关联词语, 做到过渡自然, 结构紧凑, 篇章连贯。 Although being famous might sound like a dream come true, today’s star, feeling like zoo animals, face pressures that few of us can imagine. They are at the center of much of the world’s attention. Paparazzi camp outside their homes, cameras ready. Tabloids (小报) publish thrilling stories about their personal lives. Just imagine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature.According to psychologist Christina Villarreal, celebrities — famous people — worry constantly about their public appearance. Eventually, they start to lose track of who they really are, seeing themselves the way their fans imagine them, not as the people they were before everyone knew their names. “Over time,” Villarreal says, “they feel separated and alone.”The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages. In the 4th century B.C., painters followed Alexander the Great into battle, hoping to picture his victories for his admirers. When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century, his sold-out readings attracted thousands of fans, leading him to complain about his lack of privacy. Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film-stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do.Being a public figure today, however, is a lot more difficult than it used to be. Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras. When they say something silly or do something ridiculous, there is always the Internet to spread the news in minutes and keep their “story” alive forever.If fame is so troublesome, why aren’t all celebrities running away from it? The answer is there are still ways to deal with it. Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities. They focus not on how famous they are but on what they love to do or whatever made them famous in the first place.Sometimes a few celebrities can get a little justice. Still, even stars who enjoy full justice often complain about how hard their lives are. They are tired of being famous already. 1.【江苏省淮安市高中校协作体2021届高三模拟考试】阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。Many couples who already have one healthy, happy child, are facing a dilemma(困境), that is,the issue of whether to have a second child or not. They have hard jobs and limited time and money, but they want to make sure that their only child does not become a lonely child. So, what are the advantages and disadvantages of having a second child? That is what so many couples are very much concerned about and eager to understand.One popular saying is that one child means a lonely child. That's why many single-child  parents plan to have a second child. They feel guilty about their decision to have only one child, because there are no other children in the family for their only child to play with, which may make the child feel lonely at times, especially during vacations.Another common argument against having just one child is that an only child may be more spoiled than one with brothers or sisters. If one couple have only one child, the child can't learn to share things with others and is less capable of getting along well with other children than one who grows up with brothers or sisters.However, in many parts of the world, more and more parents are still choosing not to have a second child because they argue that there are advantages for the child as well as the parents. With just one child, they suggest, there is little chance of family arguments concerned with children. Besides, as an only child in the family, the child can receive more quality time and attention. This often leads to increased self-respect and independence, which can lead to the child being more confident.Unluckily, there is no simple answer to the question of whether or not to have a second child. Every family is different, and what is suitable for one family may not be for another. The important thing, in the end, is to make a decision that both you and your spouse(配偶) feel confident about. 1.【2018年浙江高考概要写作】阅读下面短文, 根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。It’s a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus (校园) like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and, of course, the students. It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses, and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away. But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one.There’s no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area. In fact, a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus, and obviously, if you live across the country that won’t be as much of a possibility, but if you live nearby, go check it out!If campus visits aren’t going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you’d like to attend. It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now the things that you don’t like about certain campuses, things that you wouldn’t know unless you actually visit.Now, if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeeklive. It’s a chance to chat online with admissions officers, students, and college counselors (顾问), and it won’t cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fair at collegeweeklive.com. While visiting an online college fair can’t take the place of an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities you’d like to attend.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【2019年浙江高考概要写作】阅读下面短文, 根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they’re building their children’s confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents’ praise has put them.Still, don’t go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging gas giving too much. Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,” says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. “One thing to remember is that it’s the process not the end product that matters."Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate (相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________