专题09+语法填空之有提示词+-【查漏补缺】2022年高考英语三轮冲刺过关

这是一份专题09+语法填空之有提示词+-【查漏补缺】2022年高考英语三轮冲刺过关，共34页。学案主要包含了有提示词解法思维导图，高考真题综合演练，模拟综合演练等内容，欢迎下载使用。
专题09 语法填空之有提示词（解析版）
语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变形。同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和语境化特征。
有提示词的空处一般考查的是动、名、形、副。


一、有提示词解法思维导图








(一)高频考点之一：提示词为动词
1．考查谓语动词

解题攻略
第一步：确定是否作谓语
首先，分析句子结构，若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但空处所需词与之是并列关系时，空处就用谓语动词。
第二步： 若填谓语动词， 就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致：
①看“时间”定时态(注意语境中暗含的时间状语)；
②看“主语”定语态( 看主语是否为动作的发出者)；
③看人称和数， 确保主谓一致
【例】　[2021·全国卷甲]The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It __41__ (build) originally to protect the city 42.in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
分析：
第一步：确定填谓语。
分析句子成分可知，空处和“has now been completely restored”作并列谓语。
第二步：考虑时态、语态和主谓一致。
有时间状语“in the Tang dynasty”可知发生在过去，根据主语“it (the Xi'an City Wall)”与动词build之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。


2． 考查非谓语动词
3．
解题
攻略
若句中已有谓语动词，空处又不在句中作并列谓语时，所要填的通常是非谓语动词，此时需进一步确定是非谓语动词的哪种形式。一般来说，作主语、宾语、表语、定语通常用动名词形式；此外，doing表示主动、正在进行；done表示被动、完成；to do表示尚未发生的动作。
举例4
You don't have to run fast or for long __ __ (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ____ (die) early by running.
分析：第一句中已有谓语动词don't have to run，故空格处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可知应填不定式to see，作目的状语。第二句中已有谓语动词reduce，故空格处应为非谓语动词。又因空格前有介词of，结合句意可知，应填dying，作介词of的宾语。
举例5
Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ____ (improve) water quality.
分析：句中已有谓语动词encourages，故空格处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可知应填不定式to improve，作目的状语。
举例6
China's approach to protecting its environment while ___ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
分析：分析句子成分可知，句中已有谓语动词offers，再根据空格前有从属连词while可知，“while ____ (feed) its citizens”为时间状语从句的省略结构，所填的词与其逻辑主语China之间为主动关系，故应填现在分词feeding。
举例7
But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid­1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter ____(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
分析：when引导的从句中已经有谓语动词was，且从句中无其他连词，故空处应填非谓语动词。reporter与permit之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表被动。过去分词短语permitted to ...作后置定语，修饰reporter。故填permitted。

（二）高频考点之二：名、形、副词性转换
词形转换是高考语法填空的一个重点。在解答语法填空中词形转换的相关题目时，一要根据空处在句中所作的成分确定词性：名词在句中常作主语、宾语、表语或定语等，动词作谓语与非谓语，形容词作表语、定语，副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子；二要根据标志词及语境确定比较级；三要根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语以及主谓一致原则来确定名词的单复数。
如何判断是否考查词形转换
解题攻略
例
•第一步：确定是否考查词形转换：
提示词为动词， 如果既不是谓语动词， 也不是非谓语动词， 则考虑动词词性转换。
•第二步：确定转换为名词或形容词：
根据句式结构以及空格所缺成分进一步分析，如果作动词或介词的宾语、作主语， 动词常转换为名词； 如果作表语或者定语，动词常转换为形容词。
【例】　[2021·全国卷乙]It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas — both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ________ (develop) of the local areas.
分析：第一步：确定是否考查词性转换
提示词为动词，句子有谓语动词allows及并列谓语provides可知，空格处既不是谓语动词， 也不是非谓语动词， 则考虑动词词性转换。
第二步：确定转换为名词或形容词
根据分析句子成分，空格在冠词the之后， 应填名词。
1.动词转换为形容词：
①-able结尾的形容词
accept→acceptable　 可接受的
adapt→adaptable 能适应的
admire→admirable 可钦佩的
adjust→adjustable 可调节的
afford→affordable 负担的起的
②v.＋ed/ing　　　　 转换为形容词
confuse→confused 感到困惑的
worry→worried 担心的
excite→exciting 令人激动的；令人兴奋的
③v.＋词缀ive转化为形容词
attract→attractive　　 有吸引力的
impress→impressive 给人印象深刻的
instruct→instructive 有教育意义的
④v.＋词缀-ful/less转换为形容词
cheer→cheerful　　　 兴高采烈的
doubt→doubtful 怀疑的
forget→forgetful 健忘的
thank→thankful 感激的
2．动词转换为名词
①v.＋-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion转换为名词，表示“状态或行为”
celebrate→celebration n．庆祝
compete→competition n．比赛
pollute→pollution n．污染
educate→ education n．教育
②v.＋-ment转换为名词，表示“行为或结果”
achieve→achievement n．成就
announce→announcement n．宣布
argue→argument n．争论， 论据
develop→development n．发展
③v.＋-er/-or 转换为名词， 表示“人”
perform→performer n．表演者
settle→settler n．移民者
educate→educator n．教育家
direct→director n．导演
3.名词的单复数：
若提示词是可数名词单数，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的复数。若有以下情况考虑名词复数：
①有数词或these, those, several, many, all, both, various, numerous等词修饰时用名词复数形式。
②名词前有one of时用名词复数形式。
③若谓语动词是复数形式，则空处应填名词复数形式。
4.名词转换成形容词
提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词，则一般考查名词变形容词。
注意名词变形容词的后缀
①n.＋-able→adj. honor→honorable
②n.＋-al→adj. nature→natural
③n.＋-ful→adj. colour→colourful
④n.＋-en→adj. wood→wooden
⑤n.＋-y→adj. wealth→wealthy
5.名词转换成动词
提示词为名词，如果作谓语或非谓语，则一般考查名词变动词。熟记名词变动词的前缀/后缀
①加前缀en-： courage→encourage vt.鼓励
danger → endanger vt. 危及；使遭到危险
②加后缀-en: strength→strengthen vt.加强
③加后缀-ize: apology →apologize v．道歉
6.填名词的所有格
提示词与其后的名词是所属关系， 应考虑名词的所有格。
①单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加-'s。
②以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，形式为-s'或-es'。

7.形容词、副词添加词缀变反义词
根据句意和前后逻辑关系， 确定句意表否定时，添加否定前缀(un-，im-，dis-等)或否定后缀(-less)变为反义词。
8.形容词、副词转换为比较级、最高级
(1)利用标志词确定比较等级
①题目中有much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal, than等标志性词汇时用比较级。
②设空后有表示范围的标志词in，of，among等时用最高级。
③设空前有one of the，the＋序数词等修饰词时，用最高级。
(2)利用固定句型
“the＋比较级 ...the＋比较级 ...”表示“越……就越……”。
(3)利用隐含信息判断
句中虽没有标志词，但暗含比较级或最高级，也需要用比较级或最高级。
9.提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时，一般填代词；
1．作主语：人称代词主格(I, we, you, he等)
2．作宾语/表语：人称代词宾格(me, us, him, them, it等)、名词性物主代词(ours, mine, yours, its等)
3．作定语：形容词性物主代词(our, my, your, their等)
4．如果宾语与主语是指同一人，用反身代词(myself, yourself, itself等)
5．填it的情况：作形式主语或形式宾语；指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况。
6．that，those作替代词，用来代替已提到的名词，以避免重复。

二、高考真题综合演练
2022年1月浙江卷
Kim Cobb,a professor at the Georgia  Institute of Technology in Atlanta ,is one of a small but growing minority of academics 56     are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change ,Travelling to conferences ,lectures ,workshops,and the like-frequently by plane 57     (view)as important for scientists to get together and exchange information .But Cobb and others 58     (be)now questioning  that idea  pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely and 59     (change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis . On a website called No Fly Climate Sci. For example. 60     (rough)  200 academics- many of them climate scientists 61     (promise) to fly as little as possible  since the effort started two years  ago.
Cobb ,for her part ,started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 62     she could do so remotely ,about three quarters of 63     time,they agreed ,When the answer was no,she declined the  64     (invite) .That approach brought Cobb’s air travel  last year down by 75%,and she plans 65     (continue) the practice .“It has been fairly rewarding.” she says .”a really positive change”

解析：本文是一篇记叙文。一位美国教授为了应对气候变化，积极减少学术活动中的航空旅行，并充分利用远程科技找到替代方案。

详解：
56．who／that 考查定语从句的关系代词。根据句子结构可知，空白处缺少引导定语从句的关系代词。先行词是academics（大学教师），关系代词在此指人，在定语从句中作主语，故填who或者 that。

57．is viewed／has been viewed 考查谓语动词。句子的主语是作为单数概念的动词-ing 短语Travelling to...the like，与view是被动关系，句子陈述的是一个客观事实，也可以表示“（至今）一直被看作／视为...”，故此空可填一般现在时或者现在完成时的被动语态。

58．are 考查谓语动词。句子的主语是Cobb and others，根据空白后的now questioning 可知此处缺少构成现在进行时的助动词are。

59．changing 考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语 Cobb and others与change之间是主动关系，故填动词-ing形式changing，changing 与pushing 是并列关系，共同作句子的状语。

60．roughly 考查词性转换。此处应用副词roughly 修饰数词200，意为“大约”。

61．have promised 考查谓语动词。句子的主语是复数名词academics，再根据后面的由since引导的时间状语从句可知，此处应用现在完成时。

62．whether／if 考查宾语从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，空白处引导宾语从句，作ask的宾语，从句不缺少成分，再根据本句末的 they agreed可知，Cobb询问会议举办方她是否能远程演讲，因此填 whether／if。

63．the 考查定冠词表示特指和在固定搭配中的用法。about three-quarters of the time（约四分之三的情况下）与固定搭配 most of the time（多数情况下）在结构上类似。

64．invitation 考查词性转换。此处作declined的宾语，故应用名词invitation。

65． to continue 考查非谓语动词。动词句型 plan to do sth 意为“计划做某事”。


2021年6月全国甲卷
The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It      1      (build) originally to protect the city      2      the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored（修复）. It is possible      3      (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After      4      (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what      5      (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
We      6      (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky      7      did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all      8      way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and      9      (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their      10      (day) routines.
【答案】was built ; in ; to walk ; spending ; better ; hired ; but ; the ; watchtowers ; daily
【文章大意】本文是一篇小游记，作者向我们简要地介绍了西安古城墙以及他自己骑自行车游完整个城墙的所见所闻。
【解析】1：考查动词的时态/语态以及主谓一致。根据句子结构可知，空格填写谓语动词， 又因it指代前面The Xi'an City Wall，和build是被动关系，且是在 the Tang dynasty被建立，故用过去式的被动语态。本句句意：它最初是在唐代为保护这座城市而建的，现在已经完全修复。故填was built。
2 ：考查介词。在唐朝the Tang dynasty，是段时间，故填 in。
3 ：考查非谓语动词。本句是典型的It is adj. + to do的形式，故填 to walk 。
4 ：考查非谓语动词。After 介词后加doing形式，故填spending。
5 ：考查形容词的词性转换。根据句中 "than" 可知，应该填写形容词的比较级的形式，故填better。
6 ：考查动词的时态。根据句子的结构可知空格应该填写谓语动词，根据后文My bike was old可知， 应该为过去的时态，主语为we, 为主动语态，故填hired。
7 ：考查连词。此处表示我的自行车又旧又晃，后面能用。所以是转折的关系，故填but。
8 ：考查冠词。 all the way 为固定搭配，意为 "自始自终，一路上" 。故填the。
9 ：考查名词。根据句子结构， and 前后一致， and前是the different gates，名词的复数形式，所以空格也应该是名词的复数形式。故填watchtowers。
10 ：考查形容词。此处表示 "观察当地人的日常生活" ，修饰routines, 故用形容词，故填daily。

2021年6月全国乙卷
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact （影响）travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become      1      (educate) about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the      2      (develop) of the local areas.
Ecotourism has      3      (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept      4      the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to      5      growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types      6      trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
●Minimize the impact of      7      (visit) the place.
●Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
●Provide      8      (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
●Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.      9      (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking （远足） and accommodations aim      10      (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】educated ; development ; its ; until ; the ; of ; visiting ; financial ; Activities ; to have
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，本文向读者简要介绍了以生态环境为主要景观的旅游起源和特点。
【解析】
1 ：考查形容词作表语。根据空前为become可知，空格处所填词应作become的表语。句意：这与传统的旅游业不同，因为它可以使游客了解到这些区域的一些知识。故填educated。
2 ：考查名词作宾语。根据空前冠词the和空后介词of可知，空格应填名词。句意：……并且对于当地地区的发展有益。故填development。
3： 考查形容词性物主代词。空格所填词与空后的origin一起作has的宾语；同时与空后的origin构成限定关系，因此应填形容词物主代词。句意：生态旅游业起源于20世纪70年代的环保运动。故填its。
4： 考查时间介词。根据空前有not可知，此处until与not一起构成固定用法not… until，意为 "直到……才……" 。句意：直到20世纪80年代后期，它才作为一种旅游概念被广泛接受。故填until。
5： 考查定冠词。空格处所填词与空后的growing popularity of…一起作to的宾语，构成the growing popularity of…的固定用法。句意：因为与环境相关的且有冒险性的旅行越来越流行……。故填the。
6： 考查介词。根据空格前后为名词并具有所属关系。句意：……各种各样的旅行被归类于生态旅行。故填of。
7： 考查非谓语动词。分析题目，句子中已经有一个谓语动词，判断空格处填非谓语动词。空处作介词of的宾语，所以应使用动名词作介词宾语。句意：最小化参观一个地方的影响。故填visiting。
8： 考查形容词。空前为动词，空后为名词，故判断此空填形容词形式修饰后面的名词aid。因此应使用finance的形容词形式financial。句意：为当地居民提供经济帮助和其他益处。故填financial。
9： 考查可数名词复数。空格所填词作主语，同时谓语动词range为非三单形式，因此应使用名词复数形式。句意：那里有从鲸鱼观赏到远足等活动……。故填Activities。
10： 考查非谓语动词。分析题目，句子中已经有一个谓语动词，判断此处填非谓语动词。aim to do sth，意为 "目的在于做某事" ，因此应填不定式形式。句意：……并且食宿是为了对自然环境有小的影响。故填to have。

2021年6月浙江卷
It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Pohomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois,      1      (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the publie. Beautifully restored（修复）tp its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it      2      ＄ 1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their      3      (marry) ceremony in 1842.
When the house was built, it was much      4      (small) than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, pretty, "The little home      5      (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of      6      (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order."
Although Mary loved flowers,      7      she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long-time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over      8      (plant) flowers in the front yard.
      9      Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and      10      (sell) most of their furniture.
【答案】has proved 或 has proven ; for ; marriage ; smaller ; was painted ; herself ; neither ; to plant ; The ; sold
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在伊利诺伊州的首府斯普林菲尔德市中心林肯的家的相关情况。
【解析】
1.考查现在完成时。结合句中since一词，可以判断句子的谓语应该用现在完成时。句意：自从它开放后，林肯的家已经证明是让游客们不可抵挡地想去参观的。
2 ：考查介词。buy sth. for +价格，表示以什么价格购买某物。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格购买了这个房子和一些地。
3 ：考查名词。此题考查动词变名词，marry→marriage，这里表示结婚仪式。句意：Charles Dresser 于1842年在这里举行了他们的结婚仪式。
4 ：考查形容词的比较级，句中有than这个提示词，much修饰比较级。句意：当房子建好时，它比现在要小得多。
5 ：考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：这个小房子被粉刷成白色。房子被粉刷，所以用被动。动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时。
6 ：考查反身代词。句意：她非常漂亮，并且她的房子就是她的写照，每件东西都摆放整齐，品味也很好。
7 ：考查连词，neither…nor…，既不……也不…（两者都不）。句意：虽然玛丽喜欢花，但是她和她的丈夫都没有以园艺者而著称。
8 ：考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意：玛丽的妹妹经常来拜访，在前院里种些花。
9 ：考查定冠词the，the Linclons 林肯一家人。the+姓氏的复数，表示一家人。句意：林肯一家人在1856年把房子扩建为一栋二楼，以满足他们日益增长的家人的需求。
10 ：考查一般过去时。句意：1861年，林肯被选举为国家总统后，他们租了房子并且卖掉了大部分的家具。rent和sold为并列谓语，用and连接，所以都用一般过去时。

2021年1月浙江卷
In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index（体重指数）across 200 countries the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier      1      that most of the rise is due to gains in BMT in rural areas.
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool      2      gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a      3      (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25      4      (consider) healthy.
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased      5      2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain      6      (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.
The researchers described "striking changes" in the geography of BMI. In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries      7      (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed      8      (sharp).
This may be due to some disadvantages for people      9      (live) in the countryside, including      10      (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【答案】and ; that 或 which ; person's ; is considered ; by ; was ; studied ; sharply ; living ; lower
【解析】1 ：文章大意：介绍了一项关于体重指数的研究，描述了不同时期城乡体重指数的差异及其背后的原因。考查连词。句意：科学家人们发现人们越来越胖了，这个现象背后的原因是偏远地区人们体重指数的增加。分析句子结构可知that people worldwide are getting heavier和that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.都是found引导的宾语从句，是并列关系，故答案为and。
2 ：考查关系代词。句意：BMI是全球公认的表示体重是否处于健康状态的测量工具。分析句子结构可知gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.是BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool的定语从句，先行词为tool, 故答案为that/which。
3 ：考查名词所有格。句意：BMI的计算方式是用人的体重数（以千克为单位）除以身高数（以米为单位）的平方。分析句子结构It is calculated by dividing a  (person) weight可知weight和person是从属关系。故答案为person's。
4 ：考查被动语态。句意：介于19-25的BMI数值被认为是健康的。分析句子结构a BMI of between 19 and 25   (consider) healthy.可知 Consider做谓语，主语是单数，根据句意谓语动词应为被动且时态为一般现在时，故答案为 is considered。
5 ：考查介词。句意：研究发现1985-2017年间，男人和女人BMI的平均数值上升了2.1。increase by+数值表示增长了多少，故答案为by。
6 ：考查系动词。句意：然而在城市里，女人增长数值是1.3，男人增长为1.6。分析句子结构可知主the gain是单数且该句陈述过去研究数据时态为一般过去时，故答案为was。
7 ：考查非谓语动词。句意：1985年，这个国家3/4的城市里的被调查男女的BMI值比偏远山区的男女数值高。分析句子结构可知study做urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries的定语，动词分词做定语与逻辑主语是被动关系，故答案为 studied。
8 ：考查副词。句意：30年后，很多国家的BMI数值的城乡差异急剧下降。根据句子结构可知the BMI difference… had narrowed   (sharp). 修饰动词narrow要用副词，故答案为 sharply。
9 ：考查非谓语动词。句意：这可能是因为住在乡村的人们的条件不好。分析句子结构可知 live in the countryside是people的后置定语，动词分词作定语且live与逻辑主语people是主动关系, 故答案为living。
10 ：考查形容词比较级。句意：乡下的人条件差一些，包括更低的收入和教育水平，更高的健康食物花销和更少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知levels of income and education与higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities. 是并列关系，前后结构要一致由higher和fewer可知low要用形容词比较级，故答案为lower。


三、模拟综合演练
（2022·新疆·布尔津县高级中学一模）
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Shanghai Contemporary Handwriting Academy has been established to give young people a chance to learn about the “ancient” skills of using pen and ink to communicate, but, more____1____(important) , to learn how to think.
In recent years, as the “new” technology of using computers and smartphones____2____(take)over society, students no longer need to learn how to write “ mechanically" and they let their keyboards do the work. For Chinese students, this has made it____3____(easy) to recognize characters, but has caused problems when it comes to____4____(write) characters since it can be difficult to remember all the strokes(笔划).
Handwriting is____5____important skill that goes beyond communication. Studies have shown that students____6____use handwriting to take notes in class remember information better—improving their scores____7____as much as 15 percent. And people who use “longhand(普通书写)”to write____8____(essay) are able to think more clearly and creatively.
Although Keyboarding has done wonders____9____(make) life more efficient, it is too impersonal. Handwriting is anything but robotic. Each person's handwriting is unique and conveys an individual's_____10_____ (personal) and emotion.
1．importantly
2．has taken
3．easier
4．writing
5．an
6．who##that
7．by
8．essays
9．to make
10．personality
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇议论文。文章主要通过上海当代书法学院的成立引出使用手写对我们生活的必要性的讨论。
1．
考查副词。句意：上海当代书法学院成立的目的是让年轻人有机会学习“古老”的用笔和墨水交流的技巧，但更重要的是，学习如何思考。此处需填副词importantly，修饰后面的整个句子。故填importantly。
2．
考查动词时态。句意：近年来，由于使用电脑和智能手机的“新”技术已经接管了社会，学生们不再需要学习如何“机械地”书写，他们让键盘工作。根据时间状语“In recent years”可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语为technology，助动词用has。故填has taken。
3．
考查形容词比较级。句意：对于中国学生来说，这使得识别汉字变得更容易，但在书写汉字时却产生了问题，因为很难记住所有的笔画。空处需填形容词作宾语补足语，因为和后文中“汉子书写产生了问题”相比较，此处表示“识字是更容易的”，所以需用形容词比较级easier。故填easier。
4．
考查非谓语动词。句意：对于中国学生来说，这使得识别汉字变得更容易，但在书写汉字时却产生了问题，因为很难记住所有的笔画。when it comes to…为固定句型，表示“当提到……”，to为介词，后面需要动名词作宾语。故填writing。
5．
考查冠词。句意：书写是一项重要的技能，它超越了交流。skill是可数名词，此处表示“一种技能”，且important发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。
6．
考查定语从句。句意：研究表明，在课堂上用手写笔记的学生能更好地记住信息——他们的分数提高了15%。空处引导定语从句，先行词students，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that/who引导。故填that/who。
7．
考查介词。句意：研究表明，在课堂上用手写笔记的学生能更好地记住信息——他们的分数提高了15%。此处表示“提高了”，应用介词by。故填by。
8．
考查名词。句意：而使用“手写”来写文章的人能够更清晰、更有创造力地思考。essay为可数名词，结合空后的are可知，此处应填名词复数形式。故填essays。
9．
考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然键盘已经奇迹般地让生活更有效率，但它太没有人情味了。空处需填动词不定式作目的状语。故填to make。
10．
考查名词。句意：每个人的笔迹都是独一无二的，传达着每个人的个性和情感。空处和emotion并列，需填名词作宾语。故填personality。
（2022·云南·一模）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
The China-Laos Railway, ___11___ connects Kunming in southwest China’s Yunnan Province with the Laotian capital, Vientiane, ___12___ (start) operation on Dec 3. 2021. The 1035-kilometer-long railway is a landmark project and an important part of the Pan-Asian railway network. It will not only benefit the two peoples, but also ___13___ (significant) improve regional connectivity.
___14___ (locate) southwest of China, Laos is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia and mainly depends on road, water and air transport for the movement of people and goods. It has long been a dream for the Lao people to see their country change from a land-locked country ___15___ a “land-linked one”, and the opening of the new railway is a big step toward turning ___16___ (they) dream into reality.
The new railway will improve Laos’ transportation and promote its tourism as well as agricultural processing industries. It will also enable Lao businesses to ___17___ (well) fit into regional and global supply chains.
China and Laos have stood together through thick and thin and engaged in mutually beneficial cooperation on the basis of equality. Besides, China and Laos were the first ___18___ (sign) an agreement based on the Belt and Road Initiative. The opening of the China-Laos Railway will thus help speed the ___19___ (develop) of the China-Laos Economic Corridor, and will further advance the building of a China-Laos community with ____20____ shared future.
11．which
12．started
13．significantly
14．Located
15．to
16．their
17．better
18．to sign
19．development
20．a
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了连接中国西南部云南省昆明和老挝首都万象的中老铁路于2021年12月3日开始运营，及这条铁路对两国的重要意义。
11．
考查定语从句关系词。句意：连接中国西南部云南省昆明和老挝首都万象的中老铁路于2021年12月3日开始运营。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为The China-Laos Railway，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。
12．
考查时态。句意：连接中国西南部云南省昆明和老挝首都万象的中老铁路于2021年12月3日开始运营。此处缺乏谓语，时间状语为on Dec 3. 2021，谓语动词start用一般过去时。故填started。
13．
考查副词。句意：它不仅将造福于两国人民，还将显著改善地区连通性。用副词significantly (显著地)作状语修饰动词improve。故填significantly。
14．
考查过去分词。句意：老挝位于中国西南部，是东南亚唯一的内陆国家，主要依靠公路、水路和航空运输运送人员和货物。本句已有系动词is且无连词，动词locate用非谓语形式，逻辑主语Laos与动词locate是动宾关系，用过去分词表被动，作状语，首字母大写。故填Located。
15．
考查固定搭配。句意：老挝人民长期以来一直梦想看到自己的国家从一个内陆国家转变为一个“与土地相连的国家”，而新铁路的开通是实现他们的梦想的一大步。固定搭配change from...to... (从……变成……)。故填to。
16．
考查代词。句意：老挝人民长期以来一直梦想看到自己的国家从一个内陆国家转变为一个“与土地相连的国家”，而新铁路的开通是实现他们的梦想的一大步。用形容词性物主代词their作定语修饰名词dream。故填their。
17．
考查副词比较级。句意：它还将使老挝企业更好地融入区域和全球供应链。此处讲新铁路带来的好处，这个好处是相对于以前情况而讲的，用副词比较级better作状语，修饰动词短语fit into。故填better。
18．
考查动词不定式。句意：此外，中国和老挝是第一个基于“一带一路”倡议签署协议的国家。the +序数词+（名词）+动词不定式，sign用动词不定式做后置定语。故填to sign。
19．
考查名词。句意：因此，中老铁路的开通将有助于加快中老经济走廊的发展，并将进一步推动建设一个有着共同未来的中老共同体。用抽象名词development做动词speed的宾语。故填development。
20．
考查冠词。句意：因此，中老铁路的开通将有助于加快中老经济走廊的发展，并将进一步推动建设一个有着共同未来的中老共同体。此处泛指“一个共同的未来”，shared以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。

（2022·陕西省榆林中学二模）
Youths in East Asia are now embracing a new philosophy they’ve called “tang ping”, or “lying flat”. The phrase ____21____ (apparent) traces its origins to a post earlier this year in an online forum run by the Chinese search giant Baidu. The author suggested that instead of working one’s entire life chasing after an apartment and traditional family ____22____ (value), people should pursue a simple life. ____23____ other words, just “lie flat”.
Talk of “lying flat” has spread rapidly through China as young people fight with intense competition for the most ____24____ (attract) jobs, especially in tech and other white collar fields. Many tech firms ____25____ startups demand of people to work nearly double—or more —the number of hours in ____26____ typical work week.
This type of phenomenon, though, isn’t limited to China. Across East Asia, young people say they’ve become exhausted by the prospect of working hard for seemingly little reward. In the Republic of Korea, young people are giving up on ____27____ (marry) and home owner-ship. In Japan, they are so pessimistic about the country’s future ____28____ they are avoiding material possessions.
“Young people ____29____ (wear) out,” said Lim Woon-taek, a professor of sociology at Keimyung University in the Republic of Korea. “They don’t know why they have to work so hard.” As more young people grow frustrated with pressure, they say they want to give up conventional rites of passage, such as _____30_____ (get) married or having children. But life itself is a process of fighting, gaining and enjoying. This philosophy does no good to our society.
21．apparently
22．values
23．In
24．attractive
25．and
26．a
27．marriage
28．that
29．are worn
30．getting
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了东亚地区的年轻人，由于面临的巨大的社会压力，许多人开始接受一种被称为“躺平”的新哲学。
21．
考查副词。句意：这个词显然可以追溯到今年早些时候，中国搜索巨头百度在一个在线论坛上发布的一个帖子。分析句子成分可知，trace为句子谓语动词，意为“追溯”，所以这里用副词来修饰动词，做状语。故填apparently。
22．
考查名词。句意：帖子的作者建议，与其为了追求一套房子和传统的家庭价值观而工作一辈子，不如追求简单的生活。“value”意为“价值观”时，为可数名词，所以这里用其复数形式。故填values。
23．
考查介词。句意：换句话说，就是“躺平”。根据固定搭配“in other words” 意为“换句话说”，所以这里应填介词in；又因放在句首，所以首字母要大写。故填In。
24．
考查形容词。句意：“躺平”的说法在中国迅速传播开来，因为年轻人为了最具吸引力的工作竞争非常激烈，尤其是在科技和其他白领领域。根据后文的名词“job”可知，此空应填一个形容词做定语；又因前文的“the most”可知，应填其原级形式。故填attractive。
25．
考查连词。句意：许多科技公司和初创公司都要求员工每周工作时间要高出正常的工作时长的一倍或者更多。分析句子成分可知，“demand of”在句中做谓语动词， “tech firms”和“startups”是并列成分，都是名词，在句中一起做主语。故填and。
26．
考查冠词。句意：许多科技公司和初创公司都要求员工每周工作时间要高出正常的工作时长的一倍或者更多。根据后文的“work week”意为“工作周”可知，此处应填不定冠词，表泛指。故填a。
27．
考查名词。句意：在韩国，年轻人正在放弃婚姻和住房。根据前文的“giving up on”可知，此空应填名词做介词on的宾语。故填marriage。
28．
考查结果状语从句。句意：在日本，他们对国家的未来如此悲观，以至于他们不追求物质财富。根据固定句型“so…that”意为“如此…以至于”可知，此空应填连词that，构成结果状语从句。故填that。
29．
考查时态和语态。句意：“年轻人疲惫不堪”，韩国启明大学的社会学教授Lim Woon-taek说。根据固定短语“sb. be worn out”意为“使某人疲惫不堪”，即sb和wear out之间是被动关系；因主语为Young people，时态为一般现在时，所以此空应填一般现在时的被动语态。故填are worn。
30．
考查非谓语动词。句意：随着越来越多的年轻人对压力感到沮丧，他们表示，他们不再想过传统的结婚或生孩子的生活。根据前文的“such as”和后文的“having”可知，此空应填其动名词形式。故填getting。

（2022·上海·模拟预测）
The evidence for harmony may not be obvious in some families. But it seems that four out of five young people now get on with their parents, which is the opposite of the popular-held image of unhappy teenagers ____31____ (lock) in their room after endless family quarrels.
An important new study into teenage attitudes surprisingly shows that their family life is more harmonious than it has ever been in the past. “We were surprised by just____32____ positive today＇s young people seem to be about their families, said one member of the research team. “They’re expected to be rebellious and selfish but actually they have other things on their minds: They want a car and material goods, and they worry about whether school is serving them well. There’s ____33____(much) negotiation and discussion between parents and children, and children expect to take part in the family decision-making process. They don’t want to rock the boat.
So it seems that this generation of parents is much more likely than parents of 30 years ago____34____(treat) their children as friends. “My parents are happy to discuss things with me and willing to listen to me,＂says 1-year-old Daniel Lazall.“I always tell them when I’m going out clubbing. ____35____ they know what I’m doing, they’re fine with it.” Susan Crome, who is now 21,agrees. “Looking back on the last 10 years, there was a lot of____36____ you could call negotiation. For example, if I ____37____(do) all my homework, I could go out on a Saturday night. But I think my grandparents were a lot stricter with my parents than that.
Maybe this positive view of family life should not be unexpected. It is possible that the idea of teenage rebellion is not rooted in real facts. A researcher comments, “Our surprise____38____ teenagers say they get along well with their parents comes because of a brief period in our social history ____39____ teenagers were regarded as different beings. But that idea of rebelling and breaking away from their parents mainly happened during that one time in the1960s when everyone rebelled. The normal situation throughout history has been a smooth change from helping out with the family business to_____40_____(take) it over.”
31．locked
32．how
33．more
34．to treat
35．As long as
36．what
37．had done
38．that
39．when
40．taking
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。一项关于青少年态度的重要新研究令人惊讶地表明，他们的家庭生活比以往任何时候都更加和谐。这一代的父母似乎比30年前的父母更有可能把他们的孩子当作朋友。
31．
考查非谓语动词。句意：但现在，似乎有五分之四的年轻人与父母相处得很好，这与人们普遍认为的青少年在无休止的家庭争吵后将自己关在房间里的形象正好相反。分析句子结构可知lock在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语teenagers构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填locked。
32．
考查感叹句。句意：研究小组的一位成员说：“现在的年轻人对他们的家庭持积极态度，这让我们感到惊讶。”此处为感叹句，感叹后文形容词positive应用how。故填how。
33．
考查比较级。句意：父母和孩子之间有更多的协商和讨论，孩子们希望参与到家庭决策的过程中。结合句意表示“更多的”应用much的比较级形式。故填more。
34．
考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，这一代的父母似乎比30年前的父母更有可能把他们的孩子当作朋友。结合句意表示“有可能做某事”短语为be likely to do sth.。故填to treat。
35．
考查状语从句。句意：只要他们知道我在做什么，他们就不会介意。引导条件状语从句，表示“只要”应用as long as，句首单词首字母要大写。故填As long as。
36．
考查主语从句。句意：回顾过去的10年，有很多你可以称之为谈判的事情。引导主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指事情应用what。故填what。
37．
考查虚拟语气。句意：例如，如果我做完了我所有的家庭作业，我可以在星期六晚上出去。此处与过去事实相反：主句用would (should, could, might) +have+过去分词，从句用过去完成时。故填had done。
38．
考查同位语从句。句意：青少年说他们和父母相处得很好，这让我们感到惊讶，因为在我们的社会历史上，青少年被视为不同的人。surprise后跟同位语从句，说明surprise的内容，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，故用只起连接作用的that。故填that。
39．
考查定语从句。句意：青少年说他们和父母相处得很好，这让我们感到惊讶，因为在我们的社会历史上，青少年被视为不同的人。此处为定语从句修饰先行词period，先行词在从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when。故填when。
40．
考查非谓语动词。句意：纵观历史，通常的情况是从帮助家族企业到接管家族企业的平稳转变。作介词to的宾语，take应用动名词形式。故填taking。

（2022·河南·模拟预测）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It was estimated that around 1.2 million tons of artificial snow were produced for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics ___41___ (hold) in February this year. Previous games had seen people using artificial snow to create the ___42___ (condition) needed to host the competitions. Undoubtedly, this was another major use of technological advancements in sports.
The first time people used artificial snow to host a competition ___43___ (be) back in 1980. The 2014 Sochi Olympics used 80% artificial snow, ___44___ later rose to 90% at the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics. However, this year’s competition had 100% artificial snow made for the Games.
The two snowboarding venues were Yanqing and Zhangjiakou, A nearly reservoir (水库) was the direct resource center for making snow. Water mist was sprayed ___45___ the air ,which was then crystallized (结晶) the snow with the ___46___ (freeze) air temperature. Ships from ___47___ Italy company delivered the equipment back in 2019 as they did not want any delay.
However, with huge amounts of water to use, it raised different ___48___ (environment) concerns. Accordingly different measures ___49___ (introduce) to solve these issues. This game adopted water ____50____ (conserve) and used other recycling materials to ensure the ecosystem was well protected. This was a great approach, as sporting fans could enjoy such a great Olympics.
41．held
42．conditions
43．was
44．which
45．into
46．freezing
47．an
48．environmental
49．were introduced
50．conservation
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2022年北京冬奥会使用了人工造雪技术及人工造雪技术的原理。
41．
考查非谓语动词。句意：据估计，为今年2月举行的2022年北京冬奥会生产了约120万吨人造雪。分析句子可知，“that”引导的从句中有谓语动词“were produced”，空格处应用非谓语动词，“2022 Beijing Winter Olympics”与“hold”为逻辑上的动宾关系，空格处应用“hold”的过去分词“held”作后置定语。故填held。
42．
考查名词。句意：在之前的奥运会上，人们曾使用人造雪来创造举办比赛所需的条件。分析句子可知，空格处应用名词，作“create”的宾语，“condition”意为“条件”，为可数名词，根据句意可知，创造的条件不止一个，应用“condition”的复数形式“conditions”。故填conditions。
43．
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：人们第一次用人造雪来举办比赛是在1980年。根据句意和句中“in 1980”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，句子主语为“The first time”，应用“was”。故填was。
44．
考查定语从句。句意：2014年索契冬奥会使用了80%的人工雪，后来在2018年平昌冬奥会上，人工雪的使用率上升到90%。分析句子可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“artificial snow”，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词“which”引导从句。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
45．
考查固定短语。句意：水雾被喷射到空气中，然后在极冷的气温下结晶成雪。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“spray into…”，意为“喷入……”，空格处应用介词“into”。故填into。
46．
考查形容词。句意：水雾被喷射到空气中，然后在极冷的气温下结晶成雪。分析句子可知，句中“air temperature”为名词，前面应用形容词修饰，“freeze”意为“（使）结冰”，动词词性，“freezing”意为“极冷的，冰冻的”，形容词词性，作定语。故填freezing。
47．
考查冠词。句意：一家意大利公司的船只在2019年交付了这些设备，因为他们不希望有任何延误。分析句子可知，句中泛指一家意大利公司，空格处应用不定冠词修饰，“Italy”音标的第一个音素为元音音素，应用不定冠词“an”。故填an。
48．
考查形容词。句意：然而，由于要使用大量的水，它引发了不同的环境方面的顾虑。分析句子可知，句中“concerns”为名词，前面应用形容词修饰，“environment”意为“环境”，名词词性，对应的形容词为“environmental”，意为“环境的”，作定语。故填environmental。
49．
考查时态和语态。句意：因此，采取了不同的措施来解决这些问题。根据句意和上文“raised”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，“introduce”意为“采用，采取”，句子主语“measures”与“introduce”之间为被动关系，句子应用一般过去时的被动语态，“measures”与“were”连用，“introduce”的过去分词为“introduced”。故填were introduced。
50．
考查名词。句意：这次比赛采用了节水措施和其他回收材料，以确保生态系统得到很好的保护。分析句子可知，空格处应用名词，作“adopted”的宾语，“conserve”意为“保存，节约”，动词词性，对应的名词为“conservation”，意为“保存，避免浪费”，为不可数名词。故填conservation。

（2022·重庆·一模）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese workers once demonstrated their great efficiency in 2018. ___51___ (incredible), around 1,500 workers spent just nine hours ___52___(complete) the construction of a new train station in Fujian Province, southern China. Seven trains and 23 diggers were used ___53___(assist) the massive project.
A video ___54___(release) on the Internet showed how the construction workers connected three major railroads with the new Nanlong Railway. They also set up the traffic signals and ___55___ series of traffic monitoring equipment.
The construction took place at the Nanlong Railway Station in the city of Longyan. It began on January 19 and finished ___56___ the early morning of January 20. The project was completed so quickly because the workers had been arranged into seven units to undertake different ___57___(task) at the same time.
Measuring 246 kilometres in ___58___(long), the new Nanlong Railway is a main transport link between south-east China and ___59___(center) China. It supports trains ____60____ operate at a maximum speed of 200kph.
51．Incredibly
52．completing
53．to assist
54．released
55．a
56．on
57．tasks
58．length
59．central
60．that##which
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新南龙铁路建造的过程和意义。
51．
考查副词。句意：令人难以置信的是，大约1500名工人只花了9个小时就在中国南部福建省完成了一座新火车站的建设。用副词incredibly (难以置信地)作状语，修饰后面整个句子，首字母大写。故填Incredibly。
52．
考查动名词。句意：令人难以置信的是，大约1500名工人只花了9个小时就在中国南部福建省完成了一座新火车站的建设。固定搭配spend time (in) doing sth. (花时间做某事)，complete用动名词形式作宾语。故填completing。
53．
考查动词不定式。句意：7列火车和23台挖掘机被用来协助这项庞大的工程。固定搭配be used to do…(被用来做……)，assist用动词不定式形式。故填to assist。
54．
考查过去分词。句意：互联网上发布的一段视频显示了建筑工人如何将三条主要铁路与新南龙铁路连接起来。主句已有谓语showed且无连词，动词release用非谓语形式，逻辑主语A video与动词release是动宾关系，release用过去分词表被动，作后置定语修饰名词短语A video。故填released。
55．
考查固定搭配。句意：他们还设置了交通信号和一系列交通监控设备。固定搭配a series of (一系列)。故填a。
56．
考查介词。句意：从1月19日开始，到1月20日凌晨结束。on +具体时间，the early morning of January 20是具体时间，用介词on。故填on。
57．
考查名词复数。句意：这项工程之所以完成得如此之快，是因为工人们被安排到七个单位，同时承担不同的任务。结合different可知，此处不止一项任务，用名词task的复数形式。故填tasks。
58．
考查名词。句意：新南龙铁路全长246公里，是连接中国东南部和中部的主要交通枢纽。介词in后接名词形式，in length (长度)。故填length。
59．
考查形容词。句意：新南龙铁路全长246公里，是连接中国东南部和中部的主要交通枢纽。用形容词central作定语，修饰名词China。故填central。
60．
考查定语从句关系词。句意：它支持最高时速为200公里的列车。此处是定语从句，先行词为trains，指物，在定语从句中充当主语，用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。

（2022·四川师范大学附属中学二模）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Gabriela worked for a multinational company as a successful project manager in Brazil and ___61___(choose) to manage a team in Sweden. She was excited about her new role ___62___ soon realized that managing her new team would be a challenge.
Despite their friendliness, Gabriela didn’t feel ___63___(respect) as a leader. Her new staff would question her proposals openly in meetings, and when she gave them ___64___(instruct), they would often go about it in their own way without checking with her. When she announced her decisions, they would continue giving their opinions.
___65___ Gabriela was experiencing was a cultural clash in expectations. She was used to her previous work environment ___66___ the team leader and manager took control and made decisions. However, in Sweden, leaders act as coaches or mentors who encourage independent thought and expect to be challenged.
When Gabriela became aware of the differences, she had ___67___ open conversation with the team about their feelings about her leadership. Pleased ___68___(ask) for their thoughts, they expressed they were not used to being told what to do and that they enjoyed having more room for creative freedom.
With a better understanding, Gabriela was then able to make adjustments ___69___ her management style so as to better fit the expectations of her team and ___70___(effectively) motivate her team to achieve their goals.
61．was chosen
62．but
63．respected
64．instructions
65．What
66．where
67．an
68．to be asked
69．to
70．more effectively
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了在一家跨国公司做项目经理的Gabriela，在被调到瑞典管理一个团队时，是如何克服工作中的挑战的。
61．
考查时态和语态。句意：Gabriela曾在一家位于巴西的跨国公司工作，是位成功的项目经理，并被选中管理瑞典的一个团队。句中的and连接动词worked和设空处作并列谓语，由此可知设空处的时态为一般过去时，动词choose与主语Gabriela之间是动宾关系，因而需用被动语态。故填was chosen。
62．
考查连词。句意：她对自己的新职位感到兴奋，但很快意识到管理她的新团队将是一项挑战。根据句意可知，设空处前后存在转折关系，因而用but连接。故填but。
63．
考查形容词。句意：尽管他们很友好，但作为一名领导者，Gabriela并没有受到尊重。系动词feel后需接形容词作表语，表示“受到尊重的”用respected。故填respected。
64．
考查名词复数。句意：她的新员工会在会议上公开质疑她的建议，当她指示他们如何完成一项任务时，他们往往会按照自己的方式去做。此处应用名词作直接宾语，instruction意为“指示、命令、吩咐”时是可数名词，且常用复数形式。故填instructions。
65．
考查主语从句连接词。句意：Gabriela正在经历的事情是预料之中的文化冲突。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导主语从句，从句中缺宾语，根据句意可知应填连接代词what，表示“……的事情”，位于句首，单词首字母要大写。故填What。
66．
考查定语从句关系词。句意：她已经习惯了以前的工作环境，在那里，团队领导和经理负责并做出决定。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为work environment，在从句中作地点状语，因而用where引导。故填where。
67．
考查冠词。句意：当她意识到自己和团队之间存在许多差异时，她与团队成员开诚布公地讨论了他们对她领导能力的感受。conversation为可数名词，此处表泛指应填不定冠词，open是以元音音素开头的单词，应用an。故填an。
68．
考查非谓语动词。句意：很高兴被问及他们的想法，他们公开表示他们不习惯被告知要做什么。短语pleased to do sth.表示“乐于做某事”，且此处they与ask构成逻辑被动关系，因而应用to be done形式表示被动。故填to be asked。
69．
考查介词。句意：有了更好的了解，Gabriela能够调整自己的管理风格，从而更好地适应团队的期望，更有效地激励团队实现目标。短语make adjustments to表示“对……进行调整”，设空处缺少介词to。故填to。
70．
考查副词的比较级。句意：有了更好的了解，Gabriela能够调整自己的管理风格，从而更好地适应团队的期望，更有效地激励团队实现目标。根据句中的better可知，此处要用副词effectively的比较级，effectively为多音节词，变比较级在前面加more。故填more effectively。

（2022·江西赣州·一模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Happiness does not appear to be associated with age, gender, race, or geographical location. Instead, it ____71____ (relate) to the feeling you have when you are self-satisfied. Researchers have found that happy people tend to be ____72____ (energy), decisive, flexible, creative, and sociable and tend to look at the brighter side of life, and are more willing to help those in need. Furthermore, happy people have high self-esteem and a sense of personal control, are optimistic, and enjoy social support—that is, they have a large circle of friends and often engage in rewarding social ____73____ (activity). An important factor ____74____ (affect) happiness is the tendency to compare one’s situation with ____75____ of other people. If you feel that you are struggling to make ends meet while everyone around you ____76____ (appear) to be living in comfort and ____77____ (secure), you will feel less joy and more stress. Indeed, surveys have shown that perceived wealth matters more than absolute wealth. ____78____ David G. Myers, a leader of the field of happiness research, points out, “Actual income doesn’t much influence happiness; how satisfied we are ____79____ our income does. If we’re content with our income, regardless of how much it is, we’re likely to say we’re happy. _____80_____ (put) it another way, “Satisfaction isn’t so much getting what you want as wanting what you have”.

71．is related
72．energetic
73．activities
74．affecting
75．that
76．appears
77．security
78．As
79．with
80．To put
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释快乐与什么因素有关及原因。
71．
考查时态及短语。句意：相反，它与你自我满意时的感觉有关。此句描述的是一般事实，故用一般现在时。根据句意可知，此处考查短语be related to…，表示“与……有关”。主语it是单数，故填is related。
72．
考查形容词。句意：研究人员发现，快乐的人倾向于精力充沛，果断，灵活，富有创造力和社交能力，倾向于看到生活中更光明的一面，并且更愿意帮助那些有需要的人。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应填形容词energetic，作表语，表示“精力充沛的”，故填energetic。
73．
考查名词的数。句意：此外，快乐的人有很高的自尊心和自控感，乐观向上，享受社会支持。也就是说，他们有一个很大的朋友圈，经常从事有益的社交活动。根据句意可知，此处泛指各种“社交活动”，故用名词复数activities，故填activities。
74．
考查现在分词。句意：影响幸福感的一个重要因素是倾向于将自己的情况与其他人的情况进行比较。根据句意及句子结构可知，happiness与affect是主谓关系，故用现在分词affecting，作后置定语，修饰An important factor，故填affecting。
75．
考查代词。句意：影响幸福感的一个重要因素是倾向于将自己的情况与其他人的情况进行比较。根据句意可知，此句是将自己的情况与其他人的情况进行比较，此处指同类异物，特指，故用代词that代替situation，故填that。
76．
考查时态。句意：如果你觉得你正在努力维持生计，而你周围的每个人都似乎生活在舒适和安全中，你会感到更少的快乐和更多的压力。分析句子可知，提示词是分句谓语动词，本文的时态是一般现在时，主语everyone是单数，故其后谓语动词也用第三人称单数形式，故填appears。
77．
考查名词。句意：如果你觉得你正在努力维持生计，而你周围的每个人都似乎生活在舒适和安全中，你会感到更少的快乐和更多的压力。根据并列连词and可知，并列成分的词性需一致，故此处应填名词security作宾语，表示“安全”，故填security。
78．
考查连词。句意：正如幸福研究领域的领导者David G. Myers所指出的那样，实际收入对幸福感影响不大。我们对收入的满意度影响幸福感。根据及结构可知，此处应填as，表示“正如”，引导非限制性定语从句。置于句首，故开头字母大写，故填As。
79．
考查介词。句意：正如幸福研究领域的领导者David G. Myers所指出的那样，实际收入对幸福感影响不大。我们对收入的满意度影响幸福感。根据句子结构及句意可知，此处考查短语be satisfied with，表示“对……满意”，故填with。
80．
考查不定式及固定搭配。句意：如果我们对自己的收入感到满意，无论它有多少，我们都可以说我们很快乐。换句话说，满足感与其说是得到你想要的东西，不如说是想要你拥有的东西。根据句子结构可知，此处表示“换句话说”。置于句首，故开头字母大写，故填To put。