第十一章 情态动词与虚拟语气精讲与精练（学生版+教师版）-2022届高考高三英语复习

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第十一章 情态动词与虚拟语气精讲与精练一、情态动词与虚拟语气讲前练：用所给单词的适当形式填空Tom: Hi,Mr.Smith.[1]   　       you give me a hand?Mr.Smith: Of course. You [2]　      　hesitate to ask me for help. What’s the matter with you?Tom: My mum is always complaining about my going back home late after school.Mr.Smith: What do you usually do after school?Tom: I usually go to the playground to play basketball. But I know that I [3]　     　go home first.Mr.Smith: Why don’t you go home directly?Tom: My mother usually says,“Every student [4]　      　do their homework first after school, and that is a rule for all of you students.”You see, if I [5]　     　(do)my homework first now, I couldn’t have a rest and relax. I am so tired.Mr.Smith:Both you and your mum are reasonable. As a mother, she believes that you [6]　     　never work too hard, while you think you need some time to have a rest. Does your mother know what you think?Tom: No. Even if I [7]　          　(tell)her before, she wouldn’t have understood it.Mr.Smith: I don’t think you are right. I think you should tell your mother what you think and she would understand you. Besides, you had better not hide your feelings from your mother and you [8]　       　as well learn to communicate with her.Tom: Thank you for your advice. It is high time I [9]　           　(talk)with her.Mr.Smith: I [10]　          　agree more. 二、情态动词考点精讲：情态动词考点1、常考的情态动词类情态动词含义用法例句推测must一定、肯定只用于肯定句You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.can/could可能、也许用于否定句和问句，can’t/couldn’t表“不可能”It can’t be Mr Li, for he has gone to America.may/might可能、也许用于肯定句和否定句，may not/might not表“可能不”Your mother may /might not know the truth.能力can/could能够can只有现在和过去时Mary can speak three languages.be able to能够be able to有更多的形式(如：will be able to, have been ble to )。当成功地完成某一具体动作时，不用could而用was/were able to。这时was/were able to 相当于managed to，表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain许可can/could可以①问句中用could/might更显客气和委婉。②肯定回答一般用can,显得语气肯定干脆。--Could I come to see you tomorrow?-- Yes, you can. (No, I’m afraid not. )may/might可以May I come in?必 要must必须表主观要求，注意must提起的一般疑问句的肯定回答和否定回答的不同，见例句。--Must we hand in our exercise books today?-- Yes, you must./ No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.have to不得不表客观需求It is raining heavily,so we have to stay at home.ought to应该与should用法同Yong people should show respect for the old. should 应该shouldn’t/oughtn’t to不应该You are his father and ought to take care of him.其他need需要1）用作实义动词后接to do2）用作情态动词后接  do，只用于否定句和问句You don’t need to do it yourself.dare敢She dare not go out alone at night.情态动词+完成时态情态动词含义例句must have done肯定做过/发生过It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.can’t/couldn’t have done不可能做过某事Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing,for I  saw him in the library just now.may/might have done可能已经.....You might have read about it in the  paperscould have done本来可以.....，本来能够I could have arrived on time,but I was held up by the traffic jam.Should have done本应该做.....You should have finished the task yesterday.ought to have done本应该做.....needn’t have done本没有必要做某事但又做了I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came. 句型can not/never.....too无论怎么.....也不过分   越.....越好While crossing the street, you can never be too careful.Can not.....enough 情态动词考点2、情态动词后必须接动词原形，在语法填空中，如果空格在主语和动词原形之间，那么可能要填情态动词。（也可能填do和will,shall的适当形式）例如：1.What is acceptable in one country [1]      be considered extremely rude in another. 2.He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he [2]______ bring home a regular salary.  考点对练1 单项填空【虽然许多地区不考词题型，但依旧是掌握知识的很好的训练方式】1．【2020·天津卷单项填空】Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .A．must B．can C．need D．should2．【2020·天津卷单项填空】You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best.A．must B．should C．mustn’t D．shouldn't3.【2018·北京】In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.A. need       B. should        C. can        D. must4.【2017·北京卷】Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books on the top shelf.A. must       B. should       C. can       D. need 三、虚拟语气考点精讲：虚拟语气考点1、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气类别用   法例   句If引导的条件从句与现在事实相反从句动词：过去式（be用were）主句动词：should/would/could/might+doIf he were here, he would help us.与过去事实相反从句动词：had+done主句动词：should/would/could/might+have+doneIf I had been free,I would have visited you.与将来事实相反从句动词：过去式/should+do/were to +do主句动词：should/would/could/might+doIf it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.省略if的虚拟条件句将虚拟条件从句中的were，had, should放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装①Should he come ,tell him to ring me up.②Were I you,I would not do it.③Had I been free,I would have visited you.错综虚拟语气条件从句与主句表达的时间不一致If I had followed your advice, I would be in college now. 虚拟语气考点2、表命令、要求、建议的词后的宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句的虚拟语气。动词insist, order, command, advise, suggest,propose,recommend, desire, demand, require, request, urge后接的宾语从句以及他们相应的名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中动词为should+do。（should可以省略）（记忆口诀：一个坚持，两个命令，四个建议，五个要求）EG1：He suggested that we （should）not change our mind.虚拟语气考点3、其他从句中的虚拟语气1、wish后的从句中分别用过去式，过去完成式和would/could/might+do表示与现在，过去和将来情况相反              EG1: I wish I had gone to Shanghai last month.2、句型It is time that…句型中动词用过去式或should+do EG2: It’s high time that we left/should leave.3、would rather（宁愿）所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式 EG3: I would rather you stayed at home now.4、If only（要是....该多好）句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式，表示强烈的愿望 EG4: If only our dream had come true! （与条件句中的虚拟语气用法一样） 考点对练2：1. 【2020·江苏卷单项填空】If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I _____where I am.A. won’t be        B. wouldn’t have been     C. wouldn’t be D. shouldn’t have been2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time.A. accomplished B. had accomplishedC. would accomplish D. would have accomplished3.【2018·江苏】It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s  permission.A. would       B. should           C. could       D. might4.【2018·江苏】There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I  _______ a second chance to become more involved.A. had        B. will have         C. would have had    D. have had5.【2018·天津】15. If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beachA. had caught      B. caught         C. have caught     D. would catch 四、情态动词与虚拟语气应考技巧：1、情态动词与虚拟语气在全国卷中不是考查的重点，但偶尔也会考到，如填空题中填情态动词can,should,may等词，考含有虚拟语气的句子中用所给动词的适当形式填空。2、在语法改错题中，情态动词后接动词原形是考查的重点，含虚拟语气的句子中的动词形式的错误也时有考到。EG1：(2016·全国Ⅱ，短文改错)We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip. EG2:(2016·全国Ⅱ，短文改错)Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.3.在听力和阅读中，要注意情态动词尤其是情态动词+have done和虚拟语气对文章理解的影响。EG3：看下面听力中的对话：A.Oh, dear. I wish we had taken the lift.B.If I had known it was so far up, I wouldn’t have suggested walking.What are the two speakers doing?A.Walking down a hill.B.Climbing stairs.C.Discussing a trip.解析：解这道题，不仅要听懂，而且要理解好两句虚拟语气的句子。I wish we had taken the lift.意为“我希望我们乘坐了电梯”，言外之意是我们现在没有坐电梯；第二句虚拟语气“If I had known it was so far up, I wouldn’t have suggested walking.”意为“如果我知道上来有这么远，我就不会建议走路了”，言外之意是现在他们现在在爬楼梯，没有坐电梯。故选B。 四、情态动词与虚拟语气考点精练(一)单句语法填空(真题改编)：在空格处填上适当的词或用所给词的适当形式填空。1.【2021.3 天津卷 单选改编】It used to be that you            drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere. 2.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空改编】What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________（have）a good time together.3.【2018·天津改编】10. I can't find my purse. I___________（leave）it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.4.【2018·北京改编】They might have found a better hotel if they _________（drive）a few more kilometers.5.【2017·北京卷改编】If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened. 6.【2016·全国Ⅰ，阅读A改编】 When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School in 1952, she ________not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. 7.【2014·湖南，25改编】—I've prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.—Do you mean we________ (not)bring anything with us?  8.【2014·北京，27改编】________ I have a word with you? It won't take long. 9．【2016·北京，31改编】 I love the weekend, because I_______get up early on Saturdays and Sundays. 10．【2016·浙江，17改编】George ________(go) too far .His coffee is still warm. 11．【2015·北京，29改编】—Can't you stay a little longer?—It's getting late.I really ________ go now.My daughter is home alone.  12．【2015·重庆，12改编】You _______ be Carol.You haven't changed a bit after all these years. 13．【2015·陕西，21改编】You ________feel all the training a waste of time，but I'm a hundred percent sure later you'll be grateful you did it.  14．【2015·福建，27改编】—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.—Oh, it's too bad.You ________ have made full preparations. 15．【2015·天津，7改编】 I ________have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. 16．【2015·北京，34改编】If I ________(not see)it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed it. 17．【2015·重庆，7改编】Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway ________(write)his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.  18．【2015·陕西，23改编】Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I ________(dance)as well as her. 19.【2015·天津，13改编】I wish I ________(be)at my sister's wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.  20.【2015·安徽，32改编】It is lucky we booked a room, or we ________(have)nowhere to stay now. 21.【2014·湖南，22改编】If Mr.Dewey________(be) present，he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there. 22.【2014·陕西，23改编】We would rather our daughter________(stay) at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.23.It is high time we _________ (get) down to discuss this plan. 24.I insisted he _______(go) to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing ______ (be) wrong with him.  25.Her pale face suggested that she ______ (be) ill, and her colleagues suggested that she _______(have) a medical examination.  (二)单句语法改错1.【2018·全国II】As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not to let me. 2.【2018·江苏改编】It’s strange that he would have taken the books without the owner’s permission. 3.【2018·江苏改编】27. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I have a second chance to become more involved. 4.【2018·天津改编】10. I can't find my purse. I should have left it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure. 5.【2018·北京改编】13. They might have found a better hotel if they have driven a few more kilometers.  (二)情态动词与虚拟语气语篇填空训练I am a middle school student.I have many dreams.If there [1]________(be) not so much homework, I would have more time to do what I like to do.How I wish I [2]________(listen) to my favorite music for an hour a day and [3]________(play) table tennis for an hour in the morning！It's my desire that we [4]________(hold) evening parties or [5]_______(organize) some interesting activities at weekends.I suggest that there [6]________(not be) so many tests.You can imagine what life [7]_______ (will) be if I [8]_______(realize) my dream.But I must face the exams.Without good marks, I [9]________(will) not enter my ideal university.Anyway, it's high time that I [10]________(encourage) myself and worked hard from now on.