01名词所有格 名词作定语 名词辨析技巧-专题训练-2022届高考英语大一轮复习语法系列（原卷版+解析版）

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2022届大一轮复习小专题训练语法系列1.名词高考名词主要考查1.名词的数 2.名词的格 3. 名词词义辨析1. We already have ______ pencils, but we still need two ______ pens.A. dozen of; dozen  B. dozens of; dozens   C. dozens of; dozen       D. dozens of; dozen of2. He gained his ______by printing ______of famous writers. A. wealth; work    B. wealths; works    C. wealths; work    D. wealth; works3. He is a skillful worker. I am sure he has enough ________ to fix all the ________.A. experience; equipment               B. experiences; equipmentsC. experience; equipments              D. experiences; equipment4. All the _________ in the hospital got a rise last month.A. women doctors      B. women doctor      C. woman doctors      D. woman doctor 5. He dropped the ________and broke it. A. cup of coffee       B. coffee's cup     C. cup for coffee    D. coffee cup6. The ______ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into ________ car.A. girl’s; Tom’s     B. girls’; Toms’      C. girls’; Tom’s      D. girl’s; Toms’7. --- Who did you spend last weekend with? -- ______. A. Palmer’s    B. The Palmers’ 　　  C. The Palmers   D. The Palmer’s  8. --May I take your order now?--We’d like three black _______ and two green _______.A. coffee; cups of teas   B. coffees; teas   C. cups of coffee; tea    D. cup of coffees; teas9. --You are always full of        . Can you tell me the secret?--Taking plenty of exercise every day.A. power    B. strength    C. force    D. energy10. Fortunately, rescuers were able to gain _____to the disaster-hit area soon enoughA. access    B. track     C. means    D. passage11. The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good ________.  A. expectation      B. reputation        C. contribution      D. civilization12. Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for        building. A. respect       B. friendship     C. reputation    D. character13. Your work experience is a big ________ in the job market but your poor eyesight will limit your choices. A. benefit    B. condition     C. advantage    D. promise    14. China and other countries found that even when children from the countryside do start school, they have a(n)     ___ to be absent and often drop out later.A. reaction         B. expectation       C. restriction      D. tendency15. The disaster got so much ____, including a reality show on Discovery Network's Planet Green, that cash, volunteers, and materials poured in.  A. observation      B. information      C. atmosphere    D. attention16. I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real ____. A. exchange     B. bargain       C. trade     D. business17. As a judge in a competition, you shall show no       to any competitor or you will be criticized by the public.A. desire       B. favor        C. interest       D. sympathy18. It is no        arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind. A. use         B. help          C. time        D. way 19. With no better way to express feelings of love and ______, it's easy to see why everyone turns to the flower shop on Mothers’ Day. A. appreciation      B. inspiration         C. satisfaction        D. ambition20. Local charity workers are joining a nationwide drive to raise public ______of AIDS, a disease for which there is no effective cure.A. conclusion   B. impression    C. awareness    D. judgment 2022届大一轮复习小专题训练语法系列(1)答案及解析1. C。句意：我们已经有几十支铅笔，但是还需要两打钢笔。dozens of表示不确切的数字，意为“几十个”，类似于hundreds of, thousands of, millions of。dozen与具体数字连用时，不用复数，也不用of，如three dozen books等。2. D。句意：他靠印刷著名作家的作品积累了财富。wealth表示“财富”用作不可数名词；work是不可数名词，表示“工作”；works是可数名词，表示“工厂；著作；作品”。3. A。句意：他是一名熟练工人。我相信他有足够的经验维修好所有的设备。experience作“经验”讲是不可数名词，作“经历”讲是可数名词; equipment只能用作不可数名词，表示“设施；设备”。常见不可数名词可杜撰一词flipean(飞来品)来巧记：fun(有趣的人/事情),luggage(行李),information(信息), progress（进步）,equipment(设备), advice(建议), news(新闻)等。4. A。man, woman作定语修饰复数名词时，也用复数形式，如men teachers, women scientists。但是boy, girl作定语只能用单数形式，如two boy students, three girl friends。5. D。句意：他把咖啡杯掉在地上打碎了。本句考查名词作定语的用法。英语中名词作定语表示被修饰名词的用途、材料、地点等，一般用单数形式，例外的单词有sports, sales等。如a sports car, the sales department。6. C。句意：女孩们的鞋占满了泥浆，因此我让她们进入汤姆的车之前把鞋脱掉。依据下文asked them推断女孩不止一个，排除A、D；第二空是名词所有格的基本用法。7. B。姓氏复数前加the表示“……夫妇/一家人”；这里强调地点，故用名词所有格，“在Palmer夫妇家”。另外，应注意若某物为两者以上拥有，只在后一个名词前加’s，如Jim and Jack’s bedroom。8. B。这里考查抽象名词具体化的用法。这里表示“我们想喝三倍浓咖啡和两杯绿茶。”9. D。—你爷爷总是精力充沛，秘诀是什么？—每天早上进行锻炼。taste味道，鉴赏力；energy精力，活力，能源；relief减轻，救济；credit信用，信誉。10. A。句意：幸运的是，救援人员得以很快进入受灾地区救援。gain/have access to是固定词组，表示“进入……”。11. B。句意：这个医生擅长治疗心脏病又不收病人任何礼物，因此他有很高的声望。expectation期望；reputation声誉；声望；contribution贡献；civilization文明。12. D。句意：一个人徒步旅行既有趣又有利于身体健康，还有助于品质培养。respect尊敬；friendship友谊；reputation声誉；character品质；性格。13. C。句意：你的工作经验在就业市场是一大优势，但是你视力差又会限制你的选择。benefit利益；好处； condition条件；advantage优势；promise承诺。14. D。句意：中国和其他国家发现即使孩子确实很早上学，他们还有以后缺课甚至辍学的倾向。reaction       反应；expectation期望；restriction限制；tendency趋势；倾向。15. D。句意：这场灾难得到如此多的关注以致于很多捐款、志愿者蜂拥而至。observation观察；information信息；atmosphere大气层；attention关注；注意。16. B。句意：我在市场10元买这件衣服，真划算。bargain讨价还价；廉价品。17. B。句意：作为比赛评委，你对任何参赛者都不应表现出偏爱，否则会受到公众责备。desire愿望，欲望；favor恩惠；帮助，有利；interest兴趣；sympathy同情。18. A。句意：和比尔争辩下去没有用，因为他不会改变主意的。It is no use doing sth.是固定句型，表示“做某事是没有用的”。19. A。句意：因为没有更好的表达爱心和感激之情的方式，很容易看到母亲节很多人都奔花店去。appreciation感激；欣赏；inspiration激励；灵感；satisfaction满足；ambition抱负；志向。20. C。句意：当地义工都加入全国性提高艾滋病意识的宣传活动中，艾滋病还没有有效治疗办法。conclusion 结论；推断；impression印象；awareness觉悟；意识；judgment判断。【名师面对面】名词词义辨析的技巧 名词词义辨析不仅在高考单项填空中占有一席之地，而且是完形填空热点之一。那么如何才能快速、准确地做好名词词义辨析题呢？口诀：一看词义，二看搭配，三看惯用法。 分析：从形式上看，四个选项都是名词，甚至形式也一致，如都是单数或都是复数。第一步，先结合语境从汉语意思上进行区分。如果不能确定答案，应进一步从搭配和惯用法上进行区分。例1. After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide           for the homeless families. A. accommodation   B. occupation        C. equipment     D. furniture【分析】先看句意：地震后当地政府做的第一件事情是为无家可归的家庭提供_______。其次看选项含义：accommodation住处, 膳宿住处；膳宿；occupation职业；equipment 设备；furniture家具。那么结合语境为无家可归的家庭提供“住处”最合适，因此本题最佳答案是A。例2. James took the magazines off the little table to make _______ for the television.A. area           B. room            C. field            D. position【分析】先看句意：詹姆斯把杂志从小桌子上拿走以便给电视机_______。四个选项都有“地方”之意，但是make room for是固定搭配，表示“给……腾地方”，因此本题最佳答案是B。 例3. I am sure David will be able to find the library—he has a pretty good _________ of direction.  A. idea    B. feeling    C. experience         D. sense 【分析】先看句意：我相信大卫会找到图书馆，他有很好的方向_______。a good sense of是固定用法，表示“有……感”，如a sense of humor/achievement/duty/satisfaction幽默感/成就感/责任感/满足感。因此尽管四个选项都有“感觉”之意，但本题最佳答案是D。