2022届高考人教版英语一轮复习课件:语法专题7非谓语动词
展开1.(2020·全国Ⅰ,语篇填空)Chinese researchers hpe t use the instruments nbard Chang’e-4 (find) and study areas f the Suth Ple-Aitken basin. t find 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,这里用不定式短语做目的状语。2.(2020·全国Ⅱ,语篇填空)They represent the earth (cme) back t life and best wishes fr new beginnings. cming 考查非谓语动词。设空处做动词represent的宾语,所以用动词-ing形式。
3.(2019·全国Ⅰ,语篇填空)Scientists have respnded by (nte) that hungry bears may be cngregating arund human settlements, leading t the illusin that ppulatins are higher than they actually are. nting 所填的词位于介词by后面做宾语,所以用动词-ing形式。4.(2019·全国Ⅱ,语篇填空)When we gt a call (say) she was shrt-listed,we thught it was a jke. saying 句中的谓语动词是gt,所以say应该用非谓语动词形式,say和call有逻辑上的主谓关系,所以用动词-ing形式。5.(2018·全国Ⅰ,语篇填空)Yu dn’t have t run fast r fr lng (see) the benefit. t see 分析句子成分可知,所填的词是非谓语动词形式,做目的状语,故用动词不定式。
6.(2018·全国Ⅱ,语篇填空)The gvernment encurages farmers t grw crn instead f rice (imprve) water quality.t imprve 句意:政府鼓励农民种植玉米而非稻米,目的是提高水质。此处是不定式做目的状语,故填t imprve。7.(2018·全国Ⅲ,语篇填空)I quickly lwer myself,ducking my head t avid lking directly int his eyes s he desn’t feel ___________ (challenge). challenged feel为系动词,后面要接形容词做表语,故填challenged。8.(2017·全国Ⅱ,语篇填空)This included digging up the rad, (lay) the track and then building a strng rf ver the tp.laying 根据前面的digging和后面的building可知,这里用laying与之保持一致,做谓语动词included的宾语。
9.(2017·全国Ⅲ,语篇填空)But unlike her schl friends,16-year-ld Sarah is nt spending half-term (rest). resting spend...(in) ding sth.“花费……做某事”,为固定搭配。10.(2017·全国Ⅲ,语篇填空)But Sarah,wh has taken part in shws alng with tp mdels,wants (prve) that she has brains as well as beauty. t prve want t d sth.“想要做某事”,为固定短语,故用t prve。11.(2016·全国Ⅱ,语篇填空)If yu find smething yu lve ding utside f the ffice,yu’ll be less likely (bring) yur wrk hme. t bring 根据句式sb.be less likely t d sth.“某人不太可能做某事”可知此处要用不定式。
12.(2016·全国Ⅲ,语篇填空)Skilled wrkers als cmbine varius hardwds and metal (create) special designs. t create 分析句子结构可知此处应用动词不定式做目的状语。13.(2016·全国Ⅲ,语篇填空)Peple prbably cked their fd in large pts, (use) twigs (树枝) t remve it. using 逗号前面是一个完整的句子且中间没有连词,因此该空格应该用非谓语动词做状语。句子的主语peple与use之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式using做方式状语。14.(2016·四川,语篇填空)Fr 25 days,she never left her baby,nt even t find smething (eat)! t eat 此处考查不定代词后跟动词不定式做后置定语。smething t eat“吃的东西”。
Fr thse with family members far away,the persnal cmputer and the phne are imprtant in staying cnnected.对那些同家庭成员相隔甚远的人来说,个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面起着重要的作用。The film star wears sunglasses.Therefre,he can g shpping withut being recgnized.这位影星戴着太阳镜。因此,他可以在购物的时候不被别人认出来。
1.不定式、动词-ing形式的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作之前,就用完成式,否则,用一般式。不定式、动词-ing形式与其逻辑主语之间若是主动关系,就用主动式,否则,用被动式。要注意此处的完成式并不等同于谓语动词的现在完成时,现在完成时强调相对于现在已经完成,非谓语动词的完成式只强调动作的先后关系。They wrked day and night,sending supplies t the fld areas.他们夜以继日地工作,为洪灾地区发送物资。(虽然send动作已经完成,但相对于wrk来说却是同时发生的,不是发生在它之前,因此不能用having sent)
Having spent the past year as an exchange student in China,Linda appears mre mature than thse f her age.作为交换生在中国待了一年,琳达看上去要比她的同龄人更成熟。(先在中国待过一年,然后才有看起来成熟的状态)I’m srry t have kept yu waiting lng.对不起让您久等了。(先等待,然后说对不起)There are still many prblems t be slved befre we are ready fr a lng stay n the Mn.(问题要被解决)在我们准备好长期待在月球上之前仍有许多问题要去解决。
2.being dne所表示的时间概念并非全是正在进行。Being expsed t the sun fr s lng will d harm t ur skin.暴露在阳光下很长时间会对我们的皮肤有害。(只强调动作是被动,并不表示动作正在进行)3.判断语态时学会找非谓语的逻辑主语:做定语时,被修饰的词是其逻辑主语;做状语时,句子的主语是其逻辑主语;做补足语时,句子的宾语或主语是其逻辑主语。若是系动词则一定用主动式,非谓语形式后面接宾语也多为主动式。The teacher came in,fllwing ur mnitr.老师进来了,跟在我们班长后面。
After receiving the Oscar fr Best Supprting Actress,she went n t thank all the peple wh had helped in her career.获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖之后,她接下来感谢了所有在事业上帮助过她的人。注意动词不定式和动词-ing形式做主语或宾语时,可以用it做形式主语或者形式宾语。It’s n use arguing with him.与他争吵没有用。I think it easy t have dne s much in nly ne day.我认为仅在一天之内做这么多很容易。
1.非谓语动词及其短语做状语时,可以表示时间、原因、行为方式、伴随情况等,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果非谓语动词与句子的主语之间是主动关系,用ding表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或进行的动作;having dne表示d的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。如果非谓语动词与句子的主语之间是被动关系,则用dne,若强调这个被动的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,则用having been dne。When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an aplgetic smile,she std rted t the grund,wndering whether t stay r leave.当这名职员看到一张和蔼的、带着歉意的笑纹的脸时,她站在那里不动了,不知道是该留下还是该离开。
The teachers std there talking,surrunded by the students.老师们站在那里交谈,被学生围着。(The teachers 和talk之间为主动关系,The teachers和surrund之间为被动关系)Having been shwn arund the lab,the visitrs went t the library.被带领参观完实验室后,参观者去了图书馆。(be shwn arund “被带领参观”的动作完成之后,才发生went这个动作)Clearly and thughtfully written,the bk inspires cnfidence in students wh wish t seek their wn answers.这本书写得清晰有深度,它激发了那些想寻求属于自己的答案的学生们的信心。
(不强调write的动作先完成,只是强调the bk和write之间为被动关系,也就是说这里的write只表示被动,不表示完成)表示时间关系的非谓语动词(短语)可由连词when/while引导。While wrking,they listened t the sngs.工作的时候,他们听着歌。
2.做目的状语和结果状语通常用不定式,动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式一般做时间状语、原因状语、条件状语和伴随状语。不定式放在句首做状语,只表示目的;做结果状语时,表示出乎意料的、令人不愉快的结果。而动词-ing形式不能表示目的,做结果状语时表示伴随谓语动词动作的发生而产生的自然结果(同时发生),有时在前面加上thus,谓语动词与动词-ing形式是因果关系。T free urselves frm the physical and mental tensins,we each need deep thught and inner quietness.要想把我们自己从身心紧张的状态下解脱出来,我们每个人都需要沉思以及内心的宁静。
3.要注意非谓语动词的逻辑主语为句子的主语。因此要注意主语前后一致。T imprve English,his father bught him many bks.(×)(imprve的逻辑主语为he,而不是his father)Walking in the street,a car kncked the by dwn.(×)(walk的逻辑主语为the by,而不是a car)4.不定式可以跟在表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的形容词后面做原因状语或用于 d sth., t d sth., d sth.等结构中做结果状语。I am happy t meet yu here.我很高兴在这里遇到你。
5.独立成分做状语,其形式不受前后文的影响。如cnsidering... (鉴于/考虑到……);generally speaking(一般来说);judging by/frm... (从……来看,依据……来判断);suppsing that...(假如……); prviding that...(假如……);wing t...(由于……);speaking f...(谈及……);given...(考虑到……);prvided that...(如果……);t tell the truth(说实话);t be hnest(老实说)等。Generally speaking,it is ht in summer in this area.一般来说,这个地区夏天很热。
注意find,leave(使……处于某种状态),keep(使……保持某种状态)后一般跟动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式做补足语,而不跟动词不定式。What yu said left me thinking.你所说的令我思考。
1.不定式做定语不定式做定语可以表示该动作尚未发生;被修饰的词为ability, chance,idea,fact,prmise,attempt,belief等抽象名词时,一般用不定式做定语;不定式常用于不定代词或被the first/next/nly/last等修饰的名词后做定语;如果做定语的不定式与被修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词。The airprt t be cmpleted next year will help prmte turism in this area.明年要竣工的飞机场将有助于促进这个地区的旅游业。
He has a chance and has becme the first t g abrad in ur twn.他拥有一个机会而且已经成为我们镇上第一个出国的人。He wanted t find a huse t live in.他想找个房子居住。
2.动词-ing形式做定语当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词之间为主动关系时,用动词-ing形式;当为被动关系且表示动作正在进行时用being dne的形式;当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词之间为被动关系且动作已经完成时,要用having been dne的形式,having been dne不做定语。动词-ing形式做定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或在说话时该动作正在进行,否则就用定语从句。动词-ing形式做定语表示被修饰词的用途时,与被修饰词之间不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。Tday there are mre airplanes carrying mre peple than ever befre in the skies.与以前相比,如今天空中有更多的飞机来运送更多的乘客。The huses being built are fr the students.正在盖的这些房子是给学生的。That is a smking rm. 那是个吸烟室。
3.动词-ed形式做定语动词-ed形式做定语与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,表示动作已完成。及物动词-ed形式做定语表示被动和完成,少数不及物动词-ed形式做定语只表示完成,不表示被动。The retired wrker is sweeping the fallen leaves n the rad.这位退休工人正在扫路上的落叶。
独立主格结构是英语中的一个特殊短语结构,它只有逻辑上的主语(名词或代词充当)和谓语(一般用非谓语动词、形容词、副词、数词、介词短语来充当),而没有语法意义上的主语和谓语,主要用于书面语中,在口语中不常用,在句子中起状语作用,相当于一个状语从句,表示时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随情况等,用于修饰整个句子。“with+宾语+宾语补足语”也是独立主格结构的一种形式。Much time spent sitting at a desk,ffice wrkers are generally trubled by health prblems.大部分时间都坐在桌前,办公室员工普遍受到健康问题的困扰。The trees there are extremely tall,sme measuring ver 90 meters.那里的树非常高,有些高达90多米。With nthing t d,they went ut fr a walk.因无事可做,他们便出去散步了。
1.在“be+表示特征、性质的形容词+不定式”结构中,常用的形容词有:easy,hard,difficult,imprtant,impssible,interesting,pleasant,nice,cmfrtable,safe,dangerus,cheap,fit,heavy,happy,glad,srry,lucky,surprised,angry,able,right,ready,clever,flish,quick,slw,plite,wrng等。这类形容词往往说明产生这种特性或情绪的原因。要注意不定式中动词要用主动式,且是及物动词或是“不及物动词+介词”的形式。He is easy t get alng with.他很容易相处。
2.不定式与疑问词连用时。I dn’t knw what t d.我不知道做什么。3.某些动词(如blame/seek/let)的不定式与be动词连用时。He is t blame fr the accident.他应为此次事故负责任。
Ⅰ.单句填空1.The dancer’s incredible perfrmance had the audience n its feet (clap) fr 10 minutes at the end f the shw.(2020·天津,单项填空) clapping 句意:那位舞蹈演员令人难以置信的表演让观众们在表演结束时起立鼓掌十分钟。分析句子结构可知,动词-ing形式在此处做伴随状语表主动。2. (learn) t think critically is an imprtant skill tday’s children will need fr the future.(2019·天津,单项填空) Learning 句意:学会批判性思维是当今学生未来将会需要的一项重要技能。所填的词做主语,所以用动词-ing形式。
3.Mst clleges nw ffer first-year students a curse specially (design) t help them succeed academically and persnally.(2019·天津,单项填空) designed 句意:大多数的大学现在都给大一新生开设专门设计的课程来帮助他们在学业和个人发展方面都获得成功。design和curse有逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用动词-ed形式做定语。
4.China’s image is imprving steadily,with mre cuntries (recgnize) its rle in internatinal affairs.(2019·江苏,单项填空) recgnizing 句意:中国的形象在稳步提升,越来越多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。这是一个“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,cuntries与recgnize之间是主动关系,所以用动词-ing形式做宾语补足语。
5.If the prject (cmplete) befre the end f this mnth is delayed,the cnstructin cmpany will be fined.(2018·天津耀华中学二模) t be cmpleted 从语境可以看出,如果建筑工程被耽搁的话,建筑公司将被罚款,所以工程应当是正在被建,将要被完成。所以要用动词不定式的被动式做定语。6.Hearing the news,I felt a great lad (take) ff my mind and everything gt easier.(2018·北京海淀区高三年级期末测试) taken 分析句子成分可知,所填的词做宾语补足语。由于take和lad有逻辑上的动宾关系,故用动词-ed形式。
7.We went t a fast fd restaurant fr dinner tgether.My husband went t the cunter (rder) dishes and I std with my parents.(2018·广东七校联合体第二次联考) t rder 句意:……我的丈夫去柜台订餐,我和我的父母在一起站着。空处表示去柜台的目的,故用动词不定式。8.He simplified Chinese characters and regular rules were set, (make) it easier fr peple t learn.(2017·安徽合肥高三第一次教学质量检测) making 动词make与其逻辑主语是主谓关系且与上文之间无连词,故用动词-ing形式making在此处做状语。
9.Of curse, (enjy) a nice meal with friends, whatever we eat,can als impact ur spirits.(2017·湖南六校联盟高三联考) enjying 分析句子结构可知,此处为动词-ing形式短语在句中做主语。10.The easiest way (gain) respect is by giving respect. (2017·江西南昌第一次模拟) t gain 此处为不定式做后置定语,修饰名词way。11.Cntests are generally limited t 15 minutes (avid) putting t much pressure n the bdy. t avid 此处是动词不定式表示目的。12.They have fun (pet) the dgs and lk frward t their visits. petting have fun (in) ding sth.表示“做某事有乐趣”,为固定搭配。
was kind and eased me int the prcess.She let me chse my sleep medicine, (make) sure that I was kay.making make和句子谓语动词let之间没有连词,且和句子主语She构成逻辑上的主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式做状语。14.Many peple benefit frm her new ways (invent) t fix birth defects f the head and face. invented invent和句子谓语动词benefit之间没有连词,故用非谓语动词,且空处和其逻辑主语ways构成动宾关系,故用过去分词做后置定语。15.The living rm is clean and tidy,with a dining table already (lay) fr a meal t be cked. laid 分析句子结构可知,逗号之后是一个独立主格结构。a dining table与lay之间是被动关系,故用过去分词。
16.Listen!D yu hear smene (call) fr help? calling 此处表示听到某人正在做某事,故应为calling。句意:听!你听到外面有人在呼救了吗?17.The children went hme frm the grammar schl,their lessns fr the day (finish). finished 此处考查独立主格结构。their lessns与finish之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故应填finished。18. (raise) in the prest area f Glasgw,he had a lng,hard rad t becming a ftball star. Raised 分析句子结构可知,所填部分在句中做状语,且raise与主语he之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故应用过去分词。句意:他在格拉斯哥最贫穷的地区被抚养长大,成为足球明星的道路漫长而艰辛。
19.Vide games can be a pr influence if (leave) in the wrng hands. left 分析句子结构可知,if引导的从句中没有主语,因此为省略结构,其逻辑主语为vide games,vide games和leave之间是动宾关系,所以用过去分词left。句意:如果控制不当,电子游戏可能造成不良影响。
Ⅱ.单句改错1.68% f the students surveying have studying anxiety as well as pr eyesight.(2017·江西南昌十校高三第二次模拟)surveying→surveyed 本句的谓语动词是have,故students后应是分词做后置定语,因survey与students是被动关系,所以用过去分词。2.The by brught his guitar t the stage,wrn a fashinable hat. (2017·湖南长沙高三统一模拟)wrn→wearing wear和The by之间是主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式做伴随状语。3.Fr ne thing,I’m willing t devte sme f my spare time t serve thers.serve→serving devte... t...中的t是介词,后接动词-ing形式。
4.Dad thanked the driver and sn Dad’s friends came t ur rescue, restart ur car with new batteries.restart→restarting restart和句子谓语动词came之间没有连词,故用非谓语动词,restart和句子主语Dad’s friends之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式做伴随状语。5.My parents went t the cuntryside t see my grandparents,left me alne.left→leaving 句意:我的父母去乡下看爷爷奶奶了,留下我一个人。分析句子结构并根据句意可知,此处为动词-ing形式做结果状语。6.Waved gdbye t them n the platfrm,I wished them a safe jurney.Waved→Waving 分析该句结构可知,此处是做主句的伴随状语,表示两个动作同时发生,故用动词-ing形式。
7.We spent almst every mrning sunbathing n the beautiful beach and swam in the blue sea.swam→swimming spend time ding sth.为固定搭配,意为“花时间做某事”,且由and前的sunbathing可知,此处应将swam改为swimming。8.Last week,there was a prgram calling “Learning t Respect Our Parents” in ur schl.calling→called 此处为非谓语动词做后置定语,因与prgram构成逻辑上的动宾关系,故改为called。9.Lcating in Jiaxing,Zhejiang Prvince,it has a histry f abut 6,000 years.Lcating→Lcated be lcated in为固定搭配,故应用过去分词。
10.During the day,yu can walk r sit n a bat t enjying the natural scenery alng the stream.删除t或enjying→enjy 由句意可知,此处可以用动词-ing形式表示伴随,也可以用动词不定式表示目的。11.Last Friday,I was standing near a subway exit,tried t call a taxi.tried→trying try与句子主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式trying做伴随状语。12.They are like ur parents,keep all f us safe.keep→keeping 此处为分词做状语,因keep与其逻辑主语即句子主语They是逻辑上的主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式。
13.A man answered it in an anxius vice.Heard that I had his wallet,he sighed with relief and tld me he wuld return right away.Heard→Hearing hear和句子主语he构成逻辑上的主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式做状语。14.After I fllwed the advice giving by my teacher,I finally vercame my fear.(2019·安徽巢湖一中模拟)giving→given advice和give之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用动词-ed形式做后置定语。
Ⅲ.语篇填空One day a tw-year-ld by was trying 1. remve a bttle f milk frm the fridge when he lst his grasp n the bttle and it fell,spilling (洒出) the milk all ver the kitchen flr! 2. (see) all this,his mther,rather than shuting at him 3. punishing him,said,“Rbert,what a wnderful mess yu have made!I have never seen such a huge pl f milk.Well, whenever we make a mess like this,we have t clean it up.S,hw wuld yu like 4. (d) that?We culd use a twel r a clth.Which d yu prefer?” He chse the twel and tgether they cleaned up the spilled milk.
His mther then said,“Rbert,what we have here is a(n) 5.________ (fail) experiment in hw t effectively carry a milk bttle with tw little hands.Let’s g ut in the backyard and fill the bttle with water and see if yu can discver a way 6. (carry) it withut drpping it.” The little by learned that the bttle wuldn’t drp if 7. (grasp) at the tp near the lip. What a wnderful lessn!At that mment the little by came 8. (understand) he didn’t need t be afraid 9. make mistakes.Instead,he learned that mistakes were just pprtunities fr 10. (learn) smething new. Tday,the by is a famus scientist wh has made several imprtant medical breakthrughs.
1.t try t d sth.意为“努力、企图做某事”,是固定搭配。根据语境可知,这里指小男孩想从冰箱里拿牛奶,故此处用t。2.Seeing 此处为动词-ing形式做状语,分词表示的动作与句子主语his mther是主动关系,故用Seeing。3.r 根据punishing可知,此处与shuting构成选择关系,故应用r。4.t d wuld like t d sth.“想要做某事”,是固定搭配,故此处用t d。5.failed 根据句意可知,他们已经尝试了一个失败的办法,故此处为过去分词做定语,表示完成。6.t carry 此处为不定式做后置定语,故用t carry。7.grasped grasp与the bttle之间是被动关系,故用过去分词形式grasped。
8.t understand 此处用不定式的主动形式表示不定式的逻辑主语是其所表示动作的执行者。9.t be afraid t d sth.是固定短语,意为“害怕去做某事”,根据句意可知,此处指小男孩不必再害怕犯错误。10.learning 此处fr为介词,故用learning。
Ⅳ.短文改错(2018·湖南三湘名校联考)I am really pleasing that yu will cme t ur schl t study Chinese.I think yu wuld face sme difficulties in yur study because Chinese is nt easy t learn.Yu will als suffer hmesickness because f living far away frm yur cuntry,and there is n need t feel wrried.Our classmates are very friendly and easy-ging,s it’ll be easy fr yu t get used t the life there.I’ll intrduce yu t my family and friends,and yu wn’t feel alne.Besides,it’ll als help me t learn Chinese and Chinese culture.In the wrd,I’ll try my best t make yu feel at yur hme.I’m lking frward t meet yu.
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