2022届高考人教版英语一轮复习课件:语法专题5数词和主谓一致
展开1.(2020·全国Ⅱ,语篇填空)Chinese New Year is a celebratin marking the end f the winter seasn and the beginning f spring.This is why decrating with plants,fruits and flwers (carry) special significance. carries 该句含有why引导的表语从句,从句的主语是动词-ing形式加介词短语的形式,所以此处谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。句子是一般现在时,故填carries。2.(2018·全国Ⅰ,语篇填空)While running regularly can’t make yu live frever,the review says it (be) mre effective at lengthening life than walking,cycling r swimming. is 句子的主语是it,时态是一般现在时,所以填is。
3.(2017·全国Ⅰ,语篇填空)Fast fd (be) full f fat and salt;by eating mre fast fd peple will get mre salt and fat than they need in their diet. is fast fd是第三人称单数形式,句子是一般现在时,故填is。4.(2016·全国Ⅱ,语篇填空)Leaving the less imprtant things until tmrrw (be) ften acceptable. is 根据语境可知此处要用一般现在时,表示一个常态或者习惯做法,且动词-ing形式做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。5.(2016·全国Ⅲ,语篇填空)Cnfucius believed knives wuld remind peple f killings and (be) t vilent fr use at the table. were 根据语境以及前面的动词believed可知此处应用一般过去时,且主语knives为复数形式,故谓语动词用were。
数词数词分为两种:基数词(表示数目)和序数词(表示顺序)。表示某人的确切年龄,用“基数词+year(s) ld”或者“at the age f+基数词”,也可直接用基数词;表示某人几十多岁时,用“in ne’s+基数词的复数(如twenties,thirties等)”来表达。She is still in her twenties.她才二十几岁。
表示“几十年代”时,在年份后加-s或-’s。My grandpa was brn in the 1930s.我爷爷出生于20世纪30年代。分子用基数词,分母用序数词,若分子大于1,则分母用复数。如:ne-furth(a quarter)1/4;tw-fifths 2/5。Tw-thirds f the mney was spent n fd.三分之二的钱都花在了食品上。
1.dzen(一打,十二),scre(二十)与具体数词或与many,several 等连用时,后不加-s,所修饰的名词前介词f有无均可。但是习惯上scre多与f连用,而dzen很少与f连用。如:tw dzen eggs 两打鸡蛋,many dzen pencils好多打铅笔;tw scre f eggs 40个鸡蛋;three scre f peple 60个人。dzen,scre的复数形式后接f时,表示“许多”。如:dzens f eggs几十个鸡蛋,scres f pencils几十支铅笔。2.当所修饰的名词之前有限定词these,thse,my,yur等或是修饰人称代词宾格them,us,yu时,这时需要加f。如:tw dzen f these pens,three scre f them。
主谓一致谓语动词的数应和主语的人称和数保持一致,这叫主谓一致。在判定一个句子主谓是否一致时,要遵循下列三个原则:语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。“语法一致”就是从语法形式上取得一致,即主语为单数形式,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词亦为复数形式。“意义一致”就是从意义着眼来处理主谓语一致的问题。主语形式为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词依意义而定,也采用复数形式。“就近一致”是指谓语动词的人称和数往往和与其最近的主语保持一致。
1.主语为表示时间、距离、金钱、书名等整体概念的名词时。Ten miles is nt a lng way fr me.十英里对我来说不是很长的距离。2.由and连接的两个或两个以上的单数名词做主语,前面由every/each/n修饰时。Each by and(each) girl has an apple.每个男孩和每个女孩都有一个苹果。3.and连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念,且两个名词共用一个冠词时。A teacher f English and class teacher is telling us smething abut vlunteer wrkers nw.一位英语老师兼班主任现在正告诉我们关于义工们的一些情况。
4.“the number f+复数名词”做主语时。The number f prfessrs present at the meeting is 1,800.出席会议的教授的人数是1,800。5.动词-ing形式、不定式或从句做主语时。What the teacher des and says is f great imprtance t the students.老师做的事和说的话对学生很重要。
6.“mre than ne+单数名词”和“many a+单数名词”做主语时。Mre than ne student has gne t Beijing.不止一个学生去了北京。—Hw was the English test last Friday?—Many a student has passed the test.——上周五的英语测验怎么样?——许多同学都通过了测验。7.“the+形容词”做主语,表示一类抽象的事物时,谓语动词用单数形式。The new is sure t replace the ld.新生事物一定会取代旧事物。
1.有些集合名词如:clthes,cattle,flk,peple,plice 等做主语,后面的谓语动词用复数形式。The plice are searching fr the murderer.警方正在搜寻凶手。2.“the+形容词/过去分词”做主语,表示某一类人时,谓语动词用复数形式。The ld are living a happy life nw.老人们现在过着幸福的生活。3.由and或连接两个单数名词做主语时,谓语动词用复数形式(不可数名词同样)。Bth cffee and beer are n sale in the shp.这家商店里咖啡和啤酒都有售。
1.集合名词如:grup,family,class,gvernment,team,public,enemy,crwd,audience,club,party,crew等做主语时,如果看成一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式,如果侧重其成员,谓语动词用复数形式。My family has fur peple.My family all like watching ftball games.我家有四口人。我的家人都喜欢看足球比赛。
2.主语是单复数同形的名词如:deer,sheep,fish,series,means,wrks, aircraft等时,视其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数形式。Every means has been tried,but nne prved successful.每个办法都尝试过了,但没有一个证实是成功的。Many means have nt cme int effect.许多方法都没生效。
3.代词nne,neither,all以及what引导的从句等做主语,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于所指代的内容。All we need is a small piece f land where we can plant varius kinds f fruit trees thrughut the grwing seasns f the year.我们所需要的就是一小块土地,在那儿我们可以在一年的生长季节种植各种各样的果树。What they have are 200 cmputers.他们拥有的就是二百台电脑。
4.ppulatin表示“人口”,即一个国家或地区的居民数目,它做主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。当它前面有分数或百分数时,ppulatin是指一个国家或地区的全体居民,它做主语时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。The ppulatin f that cuntry is abut 36 millin.那个国家的人口数大约是3,600万。Eighty percent f the ppulatin in that cuntry are farmers.那个国家80%的人口是农民。
1.有时主语与谓语动词之间插入一个介词短语,该短语对谓语动词不产生影响。The danger f frest fires is nt t be taken lightly.森林火灾的危险不能轻视。2.当主语后面跟有with,tgether with,alng with,accmpanied by,like,in additin t,as well as,as much as,mre than,rather than,n less than,except,but,besides,including 等连接的单词(词组)时,其谓语动词的单复数形式要与它们前面的主语保持一致。Newspapers,as well as the Internet,play an imprtant rle in daily cmmunicatin.报纸,还有互联网,在日常交流中起到了重要的作用。
1.由sme,plenty,a lt,lts,mst,the rest,all,half,part或分数、百分数+f+名词等短语做主语时,谓语动词常与f后的名词保持数的一致。如果f后面所接名词为复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式;如果f后面所接名词为单数或不可数名词,谓语动词就用单数形式。Abut ne third f the bks are well wrth reading.大约三分之一的书非常值得阅读。Over 30% f the wrk has been finished.百分之三十以上的工作已经完成了。
2.由a kind f,this kind f,many kinds f,名词+f this kind(type,srt, part,piece,sectin,pair)等构成的短语做主语时,谓语动词与f前的名词保持数的一致。This kind f animals is dangerus.Animals f this kind are dangerus.这种动物很危险。3.“a large amunt f+不可数名词”做主语,谓语动词用单数形式。“large amunts f+不可数名词”做主语,谓语动词用复数形式。“a gd/great deal f+不可数名词”做主语,谓语动词用单数形式。Vast amunts f mney are being invested in the lcal market.大量资金投放到当地的市场上。
1.由r,,,nt als...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时,谓语动词和与它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。Nt nly his family but als he likes Chaplin’s mvies.不但他的家人而且连他也喜欢卓别林的电影。Are either yu r yur brther ging t the party?要么你要么是你的弟弟将要去参加这个聚会吗?2.there be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定。There are sme envelpes and paper fr yu.有一些信封和纸张给你。
1.在定语从句里,关系代词that,wh,which等做主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数保持一致。Thse wh have seen the film please put up yur hands.看过这部电影的请举手。2.“ne f+the+复数名词+定语从句”结构中,从句的谓语动词要用复数形式。Tm is ne f the bys wh have been abrad.汤姆是出过国的男孩之一。3.“the nly ne f+the+复数名词+定语从句”结构中,从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式。He is the nly ne f the students wh has passed the exam.他是唯一一个通过这次考试的学生。
Ⅰ.单句填空1.The number f medical schls reached 18 in the early 1990s and (remain) arund that level ever since.(2020·天津,单项填空)has remained 句意:医学院的数量在20世纪90年代初期达到了18所,从那时起数量一直保持在那个水平上。根据时间状语ever since可知,应该用现在完成时;句子的主语是The number,所以谓语动词用单数形式。2.Tw-fifths f the land in that district (be) cvered with trees nw,abut 80% f which were planted in the 1990s. (2019·辽宁八校联考) is “分数+名词”做主语时,谓语动词要和分数后面的名词一致,land是不可数名词,所以填is。
3.A respected persn (speak) plitely.(2017·江西南昌第一次模拟测试) speaks 主语A respected persn为第三人称单数,故用speaks。4.She spends the entire day in her tiny studi,which (measure) less than 10 square meters altgether,filled with clth shes in varius stages f cmpletin.(2017·安徽合肥高三第二次教学质量检测) measures which引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为studi,且measure在此处用作系动词,应用主动形式表被动意义,故用measures。5.I think this is a phenmenn,which (call) fr ur great cncern. calls 分析句子结构可知,该句为定语从句,which指代a phenmenn,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数;由I think this is可知,应用一般现在时,故填calls。
6.A grup f dgs (knw) as “Therapy Dgs”. are knwn 由句子结构可知,本句缺少谓语动词,“a grup f+名词复数”做主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,dgs与knw是动宾关系,此处描述的是一般情况,因此用一般现在时的被动语态。 (perate) n peple with all types f birth defects.She als ges t ther cuntries where peple cannt affrd this treatment and helps them fr free. perates 根据语境可知,此处表示经常做的事情,故用一般现在时,且由句子主语Dr.Barne可知,应填perates,与下文的ges和helps呼应。
8.Swimming in heated pls (be) very cmmn in this part f the cuntry in winter. is 此处为动词-ing做主语,谓语动词用单数形式,且该句为一般现在时,故用is。9.Withut the new taxes,huses built befre Wrld War Ⅱ (have) lwer csts than mre mdern huses d. have 分析该句结构可知,该句的主语是huses,且该句为一般现在时,故此处用have。
10.That Shakespeare was ne f the mst talented writers (be) an understatement t thse wh are really familiar with the field f literature. is That Shakespeare was ne f the mst talented writers为that引导的名词性从句做主语,谓语动词用单数形式,根据后文可知,此处用一般现在时,故用is。11.Neither the teacher nr the students (knw) the slutin t the maths prblem. knw 连接两个并列的主语,谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语the students,且该句为一般现在时,故用knw。
12.Last night,there (be) millins f peple watching the pening ceremny live n TV. were 句意:昨天晚上,有数百万人在电视上看了开幕式的直播。由millins f peple可知谓语动词应用复数形式,由时间状语last night可知应用一般过去时,故用were。13.He is ne f thse peple wh (wrk) t hard. wrk 此处为wh引导的定语从句,先行词为thse peple,且该句为一般现在时,故用wrk。
Ⅱ.单句改错1.As the saying g,treat thers as yu wuld like t be treated.g→ges 从句主语the saying为第三人称单数,故用ges。2.Each f us have sme bad habits.have→has 由句子主语Each f us可知,此处谓语动词应用单数形式。3.That’s why he is in gd health mst f the time,thugh he caught a cld nw and then.caught→catches 根据时间状语nw and then可知,此处表示一种常态,故用一般现在时;因主语为he,故谓语动词应用单数形式,即catches。
4.This change in cmmunicatin have gd effects n ur wrk and life.have→has 由语境可知,应用一般现在时;由句子主语This change可知,谓语动词应用单数形式,即has。5.Sme f us is having prblems with ur parents,as they ften lk int ur schlbags.is→are 主语为Sme f us,根据下文的ur可知,该句的谓语动词应用复数。6.He began t cunt the peple in his mind while they having the delicius fd.having前加were 此处表示过去正在进行的动作,应用过去进行时,由主语they可知,应用were having。
7.I was sund asleep when my alarm clck drpped nt the flr and were brken int pieces.were→was 此处从句的主语为my alarm clck,是单数形式,因此用was。
8.Besides,there is a great number f turist attractins wrth visiting,such as the Great Wall,the Summer Palace and the Frbidden City.is→are there be句型中谓语的形式与后面离它最近的名词保持一致,即与attractins一致,根据上下文时态可知,应用are。
Ⅲ.短文改错We are nw living in a infrmatin age,in which TV,cell phnes and the Internet are wide used.It seem that many peple cannt enjy themselves withut it.Hwever,if I were t give up ne f them,I wuld rather turn ff TV than t switch ff my cell phne r cut ff the Internet.I culd d withut TV because few shws tk my fancy and there are t many cmmercials.Besides,mst prgrams n TV are available elsewhere,either.As fr cell phnes and the Internet,they are less necessary fr me.I need a cell phne t keep in tuch my friend and my family.
1.a→the/an age意为“时代”,且被名词修饰,表示一个具体的或特指的概念,故用不定冠词或定冠词修饰。因为infrmatin的读音以元音音素开头,因此不定冠词用an。2.wide→widely 修饰动词应用副词,故用widely。3.seem→seems 主语为It,且与上句中的nw呼应,故用一般现在时的单数形式,即seems。4.it→them 此处代指上文提到的TV,cell phnes和the Internet,是复数概念,故用them。5.删除t wuld rather d...意为“宁愿做……而不愿做……”,为固定搭配,故用动词原形。
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