2022年鲁教版中考九年级英语语法专题研究一、名词（基础知识、例题及练习题）学案

这是一份2022年鲁教版中考九年级英语语法专题研究一、名词（基础知识、例题及练习题）学案，共13页。
语法专题研究——专题一 名词
Ⅰ.基础知识
ⅰ.可数名词及其单复数
①可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，例：desk，desks
②可数名词可以被基数词、不定冠词(a/an)和many等修饰，
例：three boys，an idea，many students;
③只修饰可数名词复数的修饰语：不定代词(many，a few，few，several，a couple of，a number of，a great/large number of...)、数词(除one之外的基数词)。
ⅱ.不可数名词
①不可数名词没有复数形式，例：tea，meat；
②不可数名词不可以被基数词和不定冠词(a/an)直接修饰，若表示数量，可用量词加不可数名词表达，例：a piece of paper，two cups of tea；
③只修饰不可数名词的修饰语：much，little，a little，a bit of，a good/great deal of，a large amount of 等；
【注意】既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的修饰语有：
some，a lot of，lots of，plenty of，enough，most，hardly，any，all，the rest of 等。
【注意】：
1.可数名词有单数和 两种形式。
2.many，a/an，few/a few，several，a couple of，a number of，a great/large number of可修饰 ；much，little，a little，a bit of，a good/great deal of，a large amount of可修饰 。
3.some，a lot of，lots of，plenty of，enough，most，hardly，any，all，the rest of 等既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词。
【拓展】：
1.中考常见的不可数名词：
类别
示例
物质名词
液体
orange橘汁；milk 牛奶；wine 酒；water水；juice果汁；
tea茶；oil 油；soup 汤；coffee 咖啡
食物
meat 肉；bread 面包
自然
wood 木头；sand沙子；soil 土壤；rain 雨；wind 风； weather天气；fire火；ice冰；snow 雪
材料
paper纸；plastic 塑料；silk 丝绸；gold 金；cotton 棉花
抽象名词
情感
joy 高兴；sadness 忧伤
学科
maths 数学；geography 地理；physics物理；chemistry 化学
概念
advice 建议；information信息；news消息；time时间； money金钱；knowledge 知识；music 音乐
2.有些名词既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词，但意义不同
名词
可数
不可数

名词
可数
不可数
chicken
小鸡
鸡肉
orange
橘子
橘汁
experience
经历
经验
paper
报纸、文件
纸
exercise
练习
锻炼
glass
玻璃杯
玻璃
room
房间
空间
time
次/倍数
时间
life
生命
生活
wood
树林
木头、木材
light
电灯
光，光线
work
作品
工作
【补充】
fish作鱼的种类讲时，为可数名词，复数为fishes；作鱼肉讲时，为不可数名词；
作鱼的条数讲时，单复数同形，均为fish。
ⅲ.名词相关变形
1.可数名词单数变复数
（1）可数名词的规则变化
情况
构成方法
举例
一般情况
加-s
action→actions；advantage→advantages；gift→gifts；place→places；toy—toys
以字母s，x，sh，ch等结尾的词
加-es
bus→buses；box→boxes；brush→brushes；watch→watches
特例：stomach→stomachs
以字母f或fe结尾的词
变f或fe为v，再加-es
leaf-leaves；wife→wives； knife→knives
以辅音字母加y
结尾的词
变y为i，再加-es
library→libraries；baby→babies；lady→ladies
以辅音字母加o
结尾的词
若表示有生命的加-es
tomato→tomatoes；
hero→heroes
以辅音字母加o
结尾的词
若表示无生命的加-s
photo→photos；zoo→zoos
（2）可数名词的不规则变化
构成方法
举例
改a为e型
man→men；woman→women
改oo为ee型
foot→feet；tooth→teeth
单复数形式相同
fish→fish；sheep→sheep；Chinese→Chinese；deer→deer；Japanese→Japanese；
其他形式
mouse→mice；child→children
【拓展】：名词修饰名词时，如果前面的名词是man或woman，变复数时，前后两个名词全都要变成复数形式；如果是其他词，变复数时，只需把后面的名词变成复数形式。
例：man teacher→men teachers男老师；boy student→boy students男学生。
【总结】：
1.(1)可数名词变复数，一般情况加-s；
(2)以字母-sh，-ch，-s，-x结尾，加 ；
(3)以字母-f/-fe结尾，变 f/fe为 ，再加-es；
(4)以元音字母加-y结尾， (A.直接加-s；B.变y为i再加-es）；
(5)以辅音字母加-o结尾的单词，无生命的直接加-s，有生命的加-es。
2.填可数名词复数形式
foot→ ；Chinese→ ；child→ ；
man→ ；toy→ ；woman→ ；
life→ ；radio→ ；clock→ ；
manager→
ⅳ.名词变形容词
①n.+-n或-ese(构成表示国籍、语言的形容词)
例：America→American；India→Indian；Japan→Japanese；Australia→Australian
【注意】：China→Chinese；Canada→Canadian；
②n.+-y(尤其是一些与天气有关的名词)
例：rain→rainy；sun→sunny；wind→windy；cloud→cloudy；fog→foggy；snow→snowy；health→healthy；sleep→sleepy
③n.+-al或去e+-al
例：music→musical；person→personal；education→educational；nation→national；
culture→cultural；centre→central；practice→practical；nature→natural
④n.+-ful
例：meaning→meaningful；color→colorful；power→powerful；use→useful；
wonder→wonderful；harm→harmful；cheer→cheerful；help→helpful；
peace→peaceful；success→successful
⑤n.+-ly
例：love-→lovely；friend→friendly
⑥n.+-ous
例：humor→humorous；danger→dangerous
⑦n.+ -less(构成含有否定意义的形容词)
例：use→useless；care→careless；home→homeless；hope→hopeless；
help→helpless；end→endless
⑧以-ence/-ance结尾的名词，变-ence/-ance 为-ent/-ant:
例：silence→silent；difference→different；importance→important
ⅴ.名词变名词
①n.+-n/-ian
例：magic→magician；music→musician
②n.+-ist
例：art→artist；science→scientist；violin→violinist；tour→tourist；piano→pianist ③其他：例：birth→birthday；class→classmate；friend→friendship
ⅵ.名词所有格
名词所有格表示名词与名词之间的所属关系，主要有三类：’s所有格、of 所有格及双重所有格。现将其具体用法归纳如下：
1.’s所有格
示例
方法
类别
有生命的单数名词
加’s
my son’s pen我儿子的钢笔
有生命的复数名词
以s结尾，加’；不以s结尾，加’s
the teachers’ office老师们的办公室；
Women’s Day 妇女节
表示时间、距离、国家等的名词
单数加’s；复数加’
an hour’s walk 步行一个小时；two days’ work两天的工作
表示几个人共同拥有
在最后一个名词后加’s
Mike and John’s desk 迈克和约翰的桌子
表示每个人各自拥有
在每个名词后加’s
Mike’s and John’s desks
迈克的桌子和约翰的桌子
2.of所有格
①表示无生命事物的名词一般用 of 所有格。 例：a leg of a table 桌子的一条腿
②of所有格有时也可以用于人或有生命的东西表示所属关系，特别是当这些所有者有较长的定语时。
例：the name of the brave young man 这位勇敢的年轻人的名字
3.双重所有格
双重所有格主要表示整体中的一部分，有两种形式：
①of+名词所有格。 例：a photo of my brother’s 我弟弟的一张照片
②of+名词性物主代词。 例：a new friend of mine 我的一个新朋友
【注意】：双重所有格和一般所有格意义不同。
例：a photo of Mary’s 照片属于玛丽，但照片上的人不一定是玛丽；
a photo of Mary 照片上的人是玛丽本人
Ⅱ.名词考试类型
ⅰ.考向1——选名词填空
①位于冠词、形容词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格后，例：a pet shop；
②名词短语，例：sports magazines；
③位于this，that，these，those，many，some，any，no，lots of，several等限定词后，例：have no homes；
④位于动词或介词后作宾语，例：His sisters and parents are artists.；
⑤and/or连接并列相同成分，且and/or前或后是名词时，
例：I like eating noodles and dumplings.
⑥位于句首，在句中作主语，例：June is the sixth month of the year.；
⑦位于基数词或序数词后，例：four days。
ⅱ.考向2——用所给单词的适当形式填空（语法填空）
1.填复数
①lots of/a lot of/some/many/several/other/these/ those/few/a few/a pair of/ll kinds of +可数名词复数，例：some photos.
②可数名词复数+谓语动词原形，例：Dogs are good friends to us.
③名词短语，例：birthday and Christmas gift.
④结合上下文语境，例：The leaves on the tree turn yellow.
⑤可数名词复数+and/or+可数名词复数，例：teachers and parents.
⑥固定搭配中，例：shake hands.
⑦大于1的基数词+可数名词复数，例：three apples.
⑧one of（+形容词最高级）+可数名词复数，例：one of the longest rivers.
2.填形容词
①形容词+名词。例：American (America) writers
②形容词+and/or+形容词。例：She is kind and friendly (friend).
③be动词/系动词/感官动词+形容词。例：The task is difficult (difficulty).
④复合不定代词+形容词。例：something important (importance)
3.填名词
①冠词 a/an/the+名词。例：My aunt is a violinist (violin).
②名词所有格+名词。例：It is my sister’s birthday (birth) today.
③形容词性物主代词/形容词+名词。
例：As we all know, Liu Qian is a famous magician (magic).
④名词+谓语动词。例：The tourists (tour) listen to the tour guide carefully.
⑤介词+名词。例：For scientists (science), they pursue the fact.
Ⅲ.命题点1——名词词义辨析
ⅰ.考向1——同类名词辨析
1.It seems that you have a bad cold. You’d better go to see a at once.
A.doctor
B.cook
C.writer
D.farmer
2.I live near a big . It gets very noisy on match days.
A.hospital
B.store
C.bank
D.playground
3.Annie has a , and she is going to see the dentist today.
A.cold
B.toothache
C.fever
D.cough
4.I hear that you will have a meeting in Canada next week. You’d better take a
with you, or you may easily get lost.
A.photo
B.stamp
C.map
D.postcard
5.When you feel flu coming on,get into a warm bed and drink some hot .
A.rice
B.dumplings
C.water
D.beef
6.The boy has been missing for five days and his parents are worried about his .
A.attention
B.safety
C.action
D.growth
7.More and more students think that they should be allowed to design their own .
A.clothes
B.dresses
C.shoes
D.sweaters
ⅱ.考向2——不同类名词辨析
8.In every there has to be some give-and-take.
A.friendship
B.instrument
C.attention
D.blackboard
9.Take it easy and it’s not a match. We’re playing chess just for .
A.habit
B.fun
C.hobby
D.game
10.If you work hard, you are sure to make .
A.product
B.progress
C.project
D.program
11.Every morning Daming’s grandparents get some in the park to stay healthy.
A.tickets
B.exercise
C.presents
D.documents
12.Linda’s performance at the art festival was a(n) and was loved almost by all people.
A.success
B.hobby
C.chance
D.picture
Ⅳ.命题点2——名词填空——针对选词填空和语法填空
一、选词填空基础题
visit，climber，chance，friends，centuries，advice，
trouble，interest，families，teeth，cinema，factories
13.If you work harder, you’ll have another to play the violin at a concert.
14.She was an experienced , who had climbed several of the world’s tallest mountains.
15.Drinking too much juice can be harmful to people’s . We should always remember this.
16.In order to protect the environment, lots of have been moved away from the city.
17.Please give me some on how to spend the coming weekend.
18. are those who make you smile, always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed.
19.There is a on the seventh floor of the shopping center.
20.People used to send out sky lanterns to ask for help when in .
21.You can see objects and paintings from different in the Louvre Museum.
22.The tour includes a to the Disneyland, so you needn’t pay for the ticket.
二、语法填空基础题
23.To get a better job, we should develop our interests and learn more
(skill).
24.Every coin has two (side). You should use the Internet in a proper way.
25.Thanks for all the (member) hard work! More and more people have learned how to keep kids from danger now.
26.There are different kinds of (dictionary) in the bookstore. You can choose one you like.
27.Three fourths of the teachers in this school are (woman) teachers.
28.He owed his success to his (wife) encouragement.
29.We should protect the environment to make our hometown more
(beauty).
30.Grandma went to the market and bought some meat, eggs and
(tomato) for lunch.
31.It is best season for people to visit there when flowers come out and
(leaf) turn green.
32.The (nature) world is filled with living things. So it’s a colorful world.

专题一 名 词
一、完形填空基础题
1.I like this song. It’s by one of my favorite .
A.singers
B.dancers
C.painters
D.writers
2.For his son’s birthday, Steven is taking him to the new movie as a .
A.task
B.treat
C.choice
D.visit
3.My daughter helps me cook, but she isn’t old enough to be left alone in the .
A.bedroom
B.classroom
C.lab
D.kitchen
4.The of this activity is to raise money for a new hospital.
A.silence
B.purpose
C.culture
D.language
5.On April 24, Xie Wenjun raced to gold in the 110-meter hurdles at the Asian Athletics Championships in Qatar.
A.man
B.men
C.men’s
D.mens’
6.Jane is very thirsty, so she needs some .
A.water
B.bread
C.cakes
D.rice
7.It is so kind of you to give me such a good .
A.information
B.news
C.suggestion
D.advice
8.The beautiful small cup is made of . Be careful, or you’ll break it.
A.steel
B.silver
C.glass
D.wood
9.The girl likes and she plays ping-pong and baseball well.
A.sports
B.colors
C.numbers
D.books

10.I hung some painted by my father on the wall in my room.
A.stones
B.books
C.notes
D.pictures
11.We should pick up the on the floor and throw it into the dustbin. It’s our duty to keep the school clean.
A.fork
B.litter
C.juice
D.coat
12.My sister has many . She often goes swimming, dances or paints in her fee time.
A.reasons
B.levels
C.friends
D.hobbies
13.Most kids like . Because they enjoy making snowmen.
A.spring
B.summer
C.autumn
D.winter
14.Look at the nice photo. This is my uncle’s child, and it’s my .
A.cousin
B.sister
C.brother
D.daughter
15.I dream to be a teacher, because staying with kids gives me a lot of .
A.work
B.space
C.change
D.pleasure
二、选词填空基础题
umbrella，pride，worries，museum，information，toys，
vegetables，animals，confidence，advice，guests，promise
16.When we make a to others, we should keep it.
17.He takes great in his children’s success.
18.Tim got four from his relatives on Children’s Day.
19.We should have in ourselves and we will make it if we have a try.
20.You can get much about the first 3D-printed bridge in China on the Internet.
21.The Chinese always treat their with a big meal during some important festivals.
22.Problems and are normal in our daily life. What we should do is to face them bravely.
23.My classmate lent me an so that I didn’t get wet in the rain.
24.Last week, Jenny went to the science to see some old objects.
25.The governments are trying their best to protect the endangered and plants from dying out in this area.
三、语法填空基础题
26.It is reported that thousands of running friends from (country) took part in 2019 Nanjing Jiangning Marathon.
27.Andrew often does DIY with different (knife) in his free time.
28.It is reported that the number of working (wife) is becoming larger and larger.
29.Many young people look up to the basketball (hero) and want to become like them.
30.It is important for modern young people to learn at least two foreign
(language).
31.There are many different (opinion) about whether students should use mobile phones at school or not.
32.There are many kinds of (dictionary) that can help us with our study.
33.A robot has lots of (advantage). It can help humans do hard and dangerous work.
34.Children should be encouraged to go outside and take part in
(activity).
35.Many people lost their (life) in the terrible earthquake.
36.Most clocks and (watch) in this shop are well-designed.
37.Mozart is one of the most talented (piano). His works have influenced so many people.
38.I don’t like this (noise) restaurant. Let’s go to a quiet one.
39.It was (luck) for me to leave early. Otherwise, I may have been hurt in the accident.
40.In order to protect children’s (tooth), parents should ask their children not to eat too many candies.
41.My (sister) bedroom is much cleaner and tidier than mine.
四、语法填空
与祖母相处的时光
The person who has taught me the most about life is my grandmother. My 42.
(parent) did a lot of travelling when I was young. So I spent most of my school 43. (holiday) with her. She was more than just a grandmother to me and when she died a few 44. (year) ago, I felt I’d lost a really good friend.
She always looked really good for her age. She had wavy（波浪状的）gray hair and 45. big round face. She was always 46. (smile). She
wasn’t very tall and she was a little fat.
She was such a considerate (体贴的) person. She knew how much I missed my parents so she did everything she could to make me feel 47. home. She was also really imaginative and spent hours telling me 48. (story) that she had made up. I’m sure it was because of her that I became a 49. (write)
But as well 50. keeping a young boy entertained (开心的). She taught me so many important things. I didn’t have enough 51. (patient) when I was a child and she told me that good things happened if you could wait for them. She was such a positive person and she also taught me how to look for the god in everything. I will remember what she taught me and try my best to be a better person.
五、挑战题
1.The mobile phone sells for ￥5,000, and it is much more than its real .
A.cost
B.value
C.price
D.money
2.--Are you going out with Jade tonight?
--That’s my . Mind your own!
A.offer
B.business
C.question
D.chance
3.This is bedroom. It’s tidy and nice.
A.Lily’s and Lucy’s
B.Lily and Lucy’s
C.Lily’s and Lucy
D. Lily and Lucy
4.It’s sports time. Most students in Class 1 are playing football on the play-ground.
A.boy
B.boys
C.boy’s
D.boys’
5.If the temperature is below 0 degree, water will turn into in the open air.
A.ice
B.steam
C.fog
D.rain
6.Tu Yoyo and other showed that women can hold up the half sky.
A.woman scientists
B.women scientist
C.women scientists
D.woman scientists