2022年鲁教版（五四学制）中考九年级英语语法专题研究五、介词（基础知识、例题及练习题）学案

这是一份2022年鲁教版（五四学制）中考九年级英语语法专题研究五、介词（基础知识、例题及练习题）学案，共13页。
专题五 介词

Ⅰ.基础知识
ⅰ.命题点1介词的基本用法
1.考向1方式介词
方式介词可以根据空格后的名词判断所需的方式介词，如：
①表示“用某种工具”通常用with；
②表示“通过......方式或手段”或交通工具前通常用by；
③表示“用某种语言”或颜色、服装前通常用in；
④通讯工具或电子产品前通常用on。
ü with，on，by与in
介词
用法
示例
with
用具体的东西，后接表示工具或身体部位的词
with a knife 用小刀；
with your hands用你的手
on
通过，用
on the radio通过收音机；on TV通过电视
by
用......手段或方式，后接动名词
by reading aloud 通过大声朗读；
by listening to music 通过听音乐
in
用语言、声音、原材料等
in English 用英语；in a low voice 用低音
ü by，in 与 on表示交通方式：
①in/on+限定词+交通工具。 例：on his car开车
②by+交通工具。 例：by bike骑自行车；by bus乘坐公共汽车
2.考向2方位介词
介词
含义及用法
示例
in
在较大的地方(国家、城市、乡镇、水域等)
in the city在城市；
in China 在中国
在周围环境是立体(即四面八方都有东西环绕)的地方
in a forest在森林里；
in the classroom在教室里
on
与......的表面相接触
on the floor在地板上；
在任何广阔的表面上
on the farm/moon在农场/月球上
与线的接触，意为“相邻、紧挨”
Wuhan stands on the Yangtze River.
武汉与长江相邻。
at
用于较小的场所(建筑物、公共场所等)
at home在家；at the station在车站
beside
在......旁边
As we enjoyed our coffee, a man entered and sat down beside us.当我们在喝咖啡的时候，一个人进来坐在我们旁边。
over
在......正上方，表示两者不接触
We can build a bridge over the river.
我们可以在河上建一座桥。
above
在......的上方，表示两者不接触，不一定垂直
The plane is flying above the clouds.飞机在云层上飞行。
across
在......对面
There is a bank across from the street.街对面有一家银行。
在......各处，遍及
across the country 遍布全国
along
沿着，顺着
walk along/down the road 沿着路走
below
在......的下方，表示两者不接触，不一定垂直
The coat reaches below the knees.这件大衣盖过膝盖。
behind
在......后面
I just hid behind my textbook and never said anything.我只是躲在我的书后面从不说话。
opposite
与......相对，在......对面
The bank is opposite the supermarket.银行在超市对面。
near
在......附近
My home is near the school.我家在学校附近。
under
在......正下方，表示两者不接触
My schoolbag is under the table.我的书包在桌子下面。
nest to
紧靠......，紧挨着......
The supermarket is next to the post office. 超市紧挨着邮局。
toward
朝，向，对着
Don’t throw plastic bags towards the animals in the zoo. 不要向动物园里的动物扔塑料袋。
3.考向3时间介词
介词
含义及用法
示例
at
用于具体的时间点前或黎明、正午、黄昏、午夜前
at 6:00在六点；at noon在正午；at dusk 在黄昏；at night在晚上
by
表示最迟在某一时刻或某一日期之前
by next Monday下周一之前；by this afternoon今天下午之前；by now到现在为止
in
表示一段时间，用于年、月、世纪、四季或泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上等前
in May在五月；in the twenty-first century在21世纪；in summer在夏天；in the morning在早上
“in +时间段” 表示将来“......(时间)以后”
They will finish the work in an hour.他们一个小时后将完成工作。
on
用于具体某一天或某一天的早上、下午、晚上前，星期或节日前
on August 1st last year在去年的8月1号；on the evening of June 22nd在6月22号的晚上；on the second Sunday在第二个星期天；on Women’s Day在妇女节那天
from
说明开始的时间，谓语动词可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态
I began to learn dancing from five years old.我是从5岁开始学跳舞的。
for
表示动作延续贯穿整个过程，for+时间段，主句用完成时，谓语动词需用延续性动词
I have studied in this school for two years.我已经在这所学校读了两年书了。
since
表示从过去某时直至现在，后接时间点，主句用完成时
I have begun to learn English since six years ago.从6年前我就开始学英语了。
during
在......期间
He was taken to the hospital during the night. 他在夜间被送到医院。
before
表示“在......之前”
Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。
after
与将来时连用，表示“......之后”，后接时间点与过去时连用
He’ll arrive at the airport after four o'clock.他将在四点钟后到机场。
表示“......之后”，后接时间段
I received the letter after two days.我两天后收到了这封信。
4.考向4常见其他介词
介词
含义及用法
示例
with
随着，由于，表伴随
With the development of society, people pay more attention to their health. 随着社会的发展，人们更加关注健康。
有，具有
The girl with a red hat is very beautiful.那个戴着红色帽子的女孩很漂亮。
和......一起，和，同
After class, I play ping-pong with my classmates.放学后，我和同学一起打乒乓球。
against
对抗
Our team played against yours yesterday.昨天我们队和你们队比赛了。
反对，违反，违逆
fight against law违法
紧靠，倚，碰，撞
Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the windows.当雨点猛烈击打窗户时，本正在帮他的妈妈做饭。
across
常与go/walk 连用，表示“横过，穿过”，着重指从一边到另一边，指从表面通过
When you walk across the street, you can’t be too careful.当你过马路时，你再小心也不为过。
like
像......一样
She was like a princess in a fairy tale.她就像童话故事里的公主。
including
包括，包含
There are 10 people including you.包括你有10个人。
about
关于，对于
a book about flowers 一本关于花卉的书
without
不，没有
He left without saying any-thing.他什么都没说就走了。
as
像，如同
He speaks English as an Englishman.他像一个英国人一样讲英语。
作为，当作
You can use that glass as a vase.你可以把那个玻璃杯当作花瓶用。
for
给，对，供(表对象、用途)
We have some interesting and fun things for you this term.这学期我们为你们准备了一些有趣且开心的事情。
为了(表目的)

for a walk 去散步；
Can you translate this letter for me?你能为我翻译这封信吗?
支持，拥护
I think you’ll be for my opinion. 我认为你会赞成我的观点。
因为，由于
be famous/known for 因......而著名
就......而言，对某人来说
She is tall for her age.就她这个年龄而言，她个子算高的了。
There is no need for you to go. 你不必走。
向，往(表示方向或目标)
Is this the bus for Zhengzhou University?这是去郑州大学的公交车吗?
past
经过，越过
Will you go past my house on your way home?你回家的路上会经过我家吗?
around
环绕，在.....周围
The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。
ⅱ.练习题
1.More and more people in Qingdao go to work subway now.
A.with
B.on
C.in
D.by
2.The Dragon Boat Festival is the fifth day of May on the lunar calendar (阴历).
A.in
B.on
C.at
D.by
3.This is a private letter Tom. Nobody else can open it.
A.for
B.with
C.from
D.about
4.--Which is your new English teacher?
--The young lady red over there.
A.with
B.in
C.on
D.for
5.Robert Hunt sometimes advises the students common problems.
A.in
B.about
C.with
D.for
6.You must be careful when you swim the lake.
A.across
B.below
C.over
D through
7.A woman stood the window, watching the children playing games in the garden.
A.by
B.through
C.across
D.on
8.I can’t see Lucy because she is the tree.
A.above
B.behind
C.beside
D.below
9.选词填空
in，during，against，under，by，before，with，beside，at，without
①In the picture, he sits me, looking very happy.
②All roads lead to Rome. The roads are just your feet.
③You can improve your English listening to English songs.
④Our class are much sure to win the basketball game Class Three.
⑤Look out! Look at the traffic lights crossing the road.
⑥Could you please give me a hand? I can’t finish the task on time
your help.
⑦More and more young people go skating winter.
⑧We usually have the first class 8:00 in the morning.
Ⅱ.命题点2介词短语及固定搭配
ⅰ.基础知识
1.介词与名词的搭配
at birth 出生时；
at home在家；
at night 在晚上，在夜里；
at times 有时；
at the meeting 在会上；
at breakfast早餐时；
at school在上学；
at sea在海上；
at present目前，现在；
at table在用餐；
at the age of在......年龄(岁数)；
at the back of在......后面；
at the end of在......结尾；
at the foot of 在......脚下；
at the same time 同时；


by air 坐飞机；
by bus坐公交车；
by ship坐轮船；
by train 坐火车；
；by mistake错误地；
by accident偶然地，意外地
by hand手工，亲手交付；
by the time到......的时候；
by the way顺便说一下；
by the end of 到......结束时；
during the day在白天；
in English用英语；
in fact事实上；
in history 在历史上；
in line 成一直线，排队；
in life一生中；
in order 整齐，按顺序；
in order to 为了；
in public 当众；
in person 亲自，亲身；
in silence安静地，沉默地；
in space在太空；
in style 时髦的，流行的；
in surprise惊奇地；
in time 及时；
in town在镇上；
in trouble 处于困境；
in a hurry匆忙，急忙；
in a row一排，一列，一行；
in a word总而言之；
in a low voice 小声地；
in one’s eyes在某人的眼睛里；
in the end最后；
in the distance在远处；
in the future在未来；
in the street 在街上；
in the way 挡道，妨碍；
in this way 用这种方法；
in that case 既然那样，在那种情况下；
in the face of 面对(问题、困难等)；
in the middle of 在......中间；
in great danger处于极大危险中；
on business 出差；
on display 陈列，展览；
on duty值日，值班；
on foot 步行；
on show展出；
on sale廉价销售，出售；
on time 准时，按时；
on vacation 在度假；
on the left 在左边；
on one’s own独自；
on weekends在周末；
on the right 在右边；
on the top of在......顶部
on one’s way to在某人去……的路上；
out of work失业；
out of sight 消失，看不见；
out of breath上气不接下气；
to one’s surprise使某人吃惊的是；
to one’s joy使某人高兴的是；
with pleasure 很乐意；
with one’s help在某人的帮助下；
2.动词与介词的搭配
belong to 属于；
ask for 要求；
give up 放弃；
knock at敲；
laugh at 嘲笑；
look forward to 期望；
look through 浏览；
turn off关掉；
look for 寻找；
throw at 扔向；
【注意】：更多短语详见专题八动词命题点6
3.形容词与介词的搭配
be interested in 对......感兴趣；
be angry with 对......生气；
be strict with sb.对某人要求严格；
be full of 装满......，充满......；
be filled with装满......；
【注意】更多短语详见专题七形容词和副词命题点
4.固定句型
ü It’s time for sth.做某事的时间到了
ü It is adj. for sb. to do sth. 对于某人来说做某事是......
ü What does sb. think of...? 某人认为......怎么样?
ü too...to... 太......而不能......
ü Thank you for... 谢谢你(的)......
ü make it possible for sb. to do sth. 使某人有可能做某事
5.其他常见介词短语及固定搭配
as for 至于；
at first 起初，起先；
at last 最后；
at least 至少；
at most 至多；
at once 立刻，马上；
according to 根据；
after all 毕竟；
because of 因为；
due to 因为，由于；
except for 除了；
feel sorry for 对......感到抱歉；
from...to... 从......到......；
instead of 而不是；
thanks to 幸亏，由于；
as a result 结果；
to start with 首先，作为开始；
with the help of sb./with one’s help 在某人的帮助下；
ⅱ.练习题
17.The high-speed train Qingdao and Beijing travels faster now. The train ride takes only about three hours.
A.from
B.among
C.in
D.between
18.Everyone is born the ability learn.
A.into；to
B.with；to
C.on；in
D.with；by
19.We should be kind to the old and take care them in daily life.
A.of
B.for
C.with
D.about
20.--Whose dictionary is this?
--Oh, it’s Peter’s. He was looking it everywhere.
A.at
B.for
C.like
D.after
21.His opinions are similar yours but different Julia’s.
A.to；from
B.from；to
C.as；with
D.with；as
22.Our team won the game. The coach was pleased each member.
A.with
B.to
C.at
D.in
23.I’m sorry that I won’t go to your party because I have to prepare my exams.
A.of
B.for
C.with
D.on
24.Elephants are great danger, so we should save them.
A.with
B.at
C.on
D.in
25.Imagine you’re Yu Gong, what could you do instead moving the mountains?
26.Thanks the government, the population of the pool is getting smaller and smaller, and their living conditions have improved.
27.Frank is an independent boy. His parents are proud him.
28.The program I’m a Singer is quite popular students these days. They often talk about it between classes.
29.It’s not necessary to find a friend who is the same you.
30.As middle school students, we must go to school time.
31.Grace often gets nervous before she gives a speech public.
32.He left school and began to work the age of twelve. He went through many things.
33.Sarah is very good dancing and singing. She wants to be an actor in the future.
34.We can listen some soft music to make us feel relaxed.
35.It’s very kind _you to help me with my lessons, because it’s hard for
me to learn them well.
36.The best way of solving the problem is to keep trying.

专题五 介 词
一、完形填空基础题
1.We planted some flowers the garden yesterday.
A.on
B.to
C.in
D.of
2.On sunny days, my grandma often reads a novel the window.
A.by
B.for
C.with
D.from
3.Xinhua Zidian, or the New Chinese Dictionary, was first published 1953.
A.on
B.in
C.at
D.for
4.I enjoy talking with my classmates our way to school.
A.on
B.at
C.in
D.under
5.--What were you doing 5 p.m. yesterday?
--I phoned you but you weren’t at home.
A.to
B.at
C.on
D.by
6.Shirley is still waiting her flight to New York at the airport.
A.with
B.by
C.for
D.at
二、选词填空基础题
from，before，as，for，on，to，by，of，in，with
7.It’s very important us to make a plan before a new term begins.
8.I can go out on school nights, but I have to be back 9 o’clock.
9.We discussed whether we should go there plane just now.
10.The used car bought by Peter looks the same a new one.
11.I really feel that country music brings me happiness. It is because of country music
that I feel my life is full sunshine.
12.Miss Chen is our English teacher. She always talks to us with a smile
her face.
13.The post office is across the station. And you can’t miss it.
14.The government provides homeless people nice houses.
三、语法填空
奥运会马拉松运动员Yuko Arimori
Yuko Arimori is an Olympic marathon runner. She was born 15. Japan in 1966. At first, Arimori had difficulty in 16. (walk) because of a problem with her legs. Other children made fun 17. her. Her gym teacher helped her to gain confidence, and Arimori learned 18. try new things, such as running track. 19. hard work, she became one of the best high school runners in her city.
Eventually, Arimori tried to join a top track team in Japan. When a spot (地点) opened 20. a marathon runner, Arimori saw her chance. Finally, she became one of the best female marathon runners in the world. In 1992, 21.
the age of 26, she took part in the Barcelona Olympics, where she won the silver medal.
Later on, in 1998, Arimori decided to go beyond just running. She started Hearts of Gold, a volunteer organization to help land mine (地雷) victims in Cambodia. Hearts of Gold sponsors (赞助) the Angkor Wat International Half Marathon. Runners 22. around the world compete to raise money to buy artificial limbs (假肢) for those who lost 23. (arm) and legs because of land mines. 24.
fact, many of the victims join the race!
Today, Arimori continues to help people in Cambodia and other parts of the world.

四、挑战题
1.Father brought his little boy to a concert. But he was too young to sit the whole concert.
A.for
B.with
C.during
D.through
2.I stopped the night in a small village while I was on holiday in the Himalayas a few years ago.
A.at
B.for
C.until
D.through
3.The old man takes a walk every day when it rains.
A.except
B.besides
C.beside
D.as
4.--It is said that the best way to relax is exercise.
--But you should keep away dangerous sports.
A.with；from
B.for；off
C.through；from
D.through；by